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Galen
On the Natural Faculties

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(Hapax - words occurring once)


16-convi | cool-havea | haveb-overt | overw-surro | susce-zeno

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1501 2| course, if it were to be overwhelmed with a great quantity of 1502 1| cannot come about, since, owingto this abundance of thin, 1503 1| which they attract their ownproper qualities. ~ ~Now Epicurus, 1504 1| fingers, and yet come away painlessly and rapidly on theapplication 1505 2| Dry and the Moist, the one pair being active the other passive, 1506 1| passage in the nose and palate in relation to the surplus 1507 3| enough, when the midwives palpate it, the os is found to be 1508 3| chair, but she begins by palpating the os as it gradually dilates, 1509 3| you think it strange or paradoxical that the air is dismissed 1510 3| exists. And it exists to partake of that which is of a quality 1511 1| without having gradually parted with its whiteness and gradually 1512 3| some who vomit up every particle of what they have eaten, 1513 1| disperses into the air, particularlyif this be also warm. ~ ~"Yes," 1514 1| faculty for attracting this particularquality, as Hippocrates held, we 1515 1| rid of is this sectarian partizanship,so excessively resistant 1516 3| physicians, again, have been partly conquered by the sophistries 1517 1| carried towards the rarefied partof the air surrounding us ( 1518 1| sensible element, of similar partsall through, simple, and uncompounded. 1519 1| veins or nerves. But these partshave been treated at a greater 1520 3| however, does not make the parturient woman get up at once and 1521 3| miscarriage but delivery or parturition. Now abortifacient drugs 1522 1| impudent sophisms, the one party strivingto prevent the lies 1523 1| excrete them; some, again, are paths for thetransit in all directions 1524 1| quantityof bile, and the skin of patients so treated at once becomes 1525 1| sequence of principles, but pays no attention to theobvious 1526 2| Nature-lore with a respectable pedigree. ~ Now, let us reverse our 1527 2| singing-girl and resembled the pellicle of an egg. And following 1528 1| penetrate it although they penetrated the first piece?and that 1529 3| which had previously been pent up in the membranes, flow 1530 1| terms which the bulk of peopleare accustomed to use, and we 1531 1| kind of dropsy which some peoplecall anasarca clearly distinguishes 1532 1| In the old days such peopleused to be set to menial tasks.... 1533 2| how Erasistratus does not perceive that here again he is putting 1534 3| absurd, either through not perceiving in what sense the Ancients 1535 3| people who have a clear perception of this condition say that 1536 1| downwards; that this, after percolating through the kidneysthemselves, 1537 1| animal in every respect, performingof her own accord and without 1538 3| else when the whole foetus perishes, putrefies, and is resolved 1539 1| there appears to be no peristalsisof the gullet. "And how does 1540 1| says he, "of course the peritoneal coat is more imperviousthan 1541 1| off as sweat or insensible perspiration.This is most easily recognized 1542 1| For rhetoricproceeds by persuasive reasoning; words without 1543 2| thoroughly small-minded and petty to the last degree in all 1544 1| two sectsin medicine and philosophy among those who have made 1545 1| season a drug which attracts phlegmto a young man of a lean and 1546 3| the muscles, pass to the physical organs, and you will see 1547 1| that he employs in his "Physics" elementssimilar to those 1548 3| too, however, at least the physiologist must discover an analogy. 1549 2| commentaries on the Nature-lore [physiology] of Hippocrates - according 1550 1| same time rebound from the piececoming next in the series, although 1551 1| its colour,nor with the pigeons owing to its size. For all 1552 1| mistrust the obvious, and to pin one's faith in thingswhich 1553 2| Erasistratus could reach such a pitch of foolishness as to be 1554 2| Erasistratus the honour of placing him in the better sect. ~ 1555 2| not in accordance with my plan, but compelled by the course 1556 2| becoming an animal or a plant; for growth belongs to living 1557 1| allows a share in soul to plantsas well, and separates the 1558 2| or a basket when being plated, or a garment when being 1559 1| could he suggest any other plausiblecause, such, for example, as the 1560 2| the property of the pneuma plays an important part, when 1561 3| setting of the fibres. Now please test this assertion first 1562 3| as human faeces are most pleasing to dogs, so the residual 1563 3| themselves at will to a plentiful common stock of food; some 1564 1| like slaves who have had plentyto say in the early part of 1565 3| whole body and evacuates the plethoras; the passage of the superfluities 1566 3| Zeus! and one will often be plundering another, if he be in need 1567 2| medicine. ~ Having come to this poi in the argument, I should 1568 1| are some which attractthe poison of the viper, others that 1569 2| and we certainly cut a poor figure when we talk about 1570 1| of Macedonia,but which is popular owing to its novelty. This 1571 2| and that those of the Porch follow in the steps of his 1572 1| cannot get down, sincethe pores of the strainers will not 1573 1| when the limbs have their positiontheir position altered, it is 1574 1| expressly declared that the soul possessesno reasoning faculty, but that 1575 1| this, that then one cannot possiblygive any other reason for the 1576 1| other hand, Nature is not posterior to the corpuscles,but is 1577 2| Asclepiades, seeing that we have postulated certain inharmonious elements. 1578 1| clearly visible routes, and postulates others which are narrow, 1579 3| there in this organ more potent in producing alteration 1580 2| pernicious and acrid in its potentialities is black than yellow bile. 1581 2| that one uses the so-called potter's earth and other substances 1582 1| when certain rhetoricians pour ridicule upon that which 1583 1| is no passage left. What powerhave we, then, which will draw 1584 1| constructive Nature has powers which attract appropriate 1585 1| has absolutely no native powerswhereby she alters some substances, 1586 1| them." Yet if he had ever practised anatomy, hemight have known 1587 2| outside the sphere of the practitioner, and belong to that of the 1588 1| medicaments. Here, then, we must praise Epicurusfor the respect 1589 1| is constantly singing her praises and calling her "just." 1590 2| on the outside only. For Praxiteles and Phidias and all the 1591 2| secondarily, but of what pre-exists, to shape and to construct. 1592 2| hypothesis, Nature does not precede, but is secondary to the 1593 1| or observed that this was precededby a sharp pain in the region 1594 3| has been made clear in the preceding discussion that nutrition 1595 1| these and similar remarks in precise and clear tones,he concluded 1596 1| the faculty of growth is predominant, while thealterative and 1597 1| in various waysfrom its preexisting state, it will be said to 1598 1| motion is change from the preexistingstate, while common to all conditions 1599 1| knowthese, and yet willingly prefer the worse views to the better, 1600 3| to be closed, whilst the pregnant women themselves, during 1601 2| For, having conceded one premise to the principle that matter 1602 1| haveto do with alteration prepare the nutriment suitable for 1603 1| theory accounts for the presence of urine in the bladder, 1604 1| considerations, however, our present-day Asclepiadeansattempt to 1605 1| material which is being presentedor becoming adherent, the name 1606 3| getting the benefit of this by presenting all the useful part of it 1607 1| because I need it for the presenttreatise, that I have mentioned it. 1608 1| doesabsolutely nothing for the preservation of the animal. For his constantaim 1609 1| could she be constructive,preservative of the animal, and eliminative 1610 1| it remains unruptured and preservescompletely its previous form. ~ ~Such 1611 2| which has been not long ago pressed from the grape, and which 1612 1| view. But even this they presumed to dispute, and said thatit 1613 3| caused by its acidity - the presumption thus being that here, too, 1614 2| by Erasistratus, and he pretended to despise these great men - 1615 3| stronger would be likely to prevail, but if he had satisfied 1616 3| and just as the stronger prevailed when the two were exercising 1617 1| more shameless than the previousones; according to it, when five 1618 2| other two - that if you prick it at any part with the 1619 3| expression is not used in its primitive or strict sense. ~ But, 1620 1| first, and, so to say, the principal effects ofNature; similarly 1621 1| arguing with people whose principlesare wrong from the outset. Still, 1622 1| we admit this, the same principlewill not explain the fact that, 1623 1| corpuscles,but is a long way prior to them and older than they; 1624 1| contrary, even if it were probable forevery other reason that 1625 3| so much as the tip of a probe, that it no longer opens 1626 1| his "Meteorology," his "Problems," and manyother works he 1627 2| black bile"; while that proceeding from yellow bile is by no 1628 1| must assume a preliminary processof adhesion, and for that, 1629 2| these possess some innate proclivity for attracting nutriment. 1630 2| semen, when it begins to procreate and to shape the animal, 1631 1| are undergoing nutrition producea certain amount of residue, 1632 1| him a cholagogue, you will producean abundant evacuation and 1633 1| fluid, which was said to be producedin the vena cava, and which 1634 2| heat as is needed for the production of sweetness exists from 1635 1| which all parts share is the progressof each to its full size, and 1636 3| whereas when once it is projected into the intestines, it 1637 3| violent pains cause forcible prolapse of the whole womb; here 1638 3| sometimes becomes entirely prolapsed, and particularly when the 1639 2| animal whose digestion is promoted by pneuma will digest more, 1640 2| property by virtue of which it promotes digestion, and then to say 1641 3| under compulsion, and then promptly bring it up; or, if they 1642 1| view and makes some other pronouncementabout the function of the kidneys, 1643 2| Erasistratus, the pneuma, which is propelled through the arteries and 1644 2| upon their contents and propelling them forwards. For, apart 1645 3| co-exist - an excessive propensity for food, a small gullet, 1646 1| is destined to nourish if properlyelaborated, has been called "nutriment." 1647 1| certainly, but merely in proportionto the evacuation."... But 1648 2| mention at all - these I propose to discover and prove. ~ 1649 1| remaining consideration which we proposed at theoutset. For, when 1650 2| must either advance the one proposition or the other. According 1651 1| because we were forced, as the proverb says, "to behave madlyamong 1652 3| foresaw this necessity, and provided the cardiac openings of 1653 1| stageof genesis; and she also provides for the creatures after 1654 2| animal. Now, it is not the province of what comes secondarily, 1655 2| bleeding from the womb, often provoke dropsy; and in some of them 1656 2| natural, or, still more, psychical, activities - or, in fact, 1657 1| arteries, since theydo not pulsate nor do they consist of two 1658 1| faculty in the stomach, a pulsatile facultyin the heart, and 1659 1| abovethe kidneys receive pure blood, whilst the watery 1660 1| maintain that it all undergoes purificationthere. But, as a matter of fact, 1661 3| Nature would never have purposelessly constructed the oesophagus 1662 2| enquiry can be most rigorously pursued in subjects who are suffering 1663 3| sufficiently hungry and are pursuing one of the smaller animals, 1664 3| the whole foetus perishes, putrefies, and is resolved into pernicious 1665 3| the body must obviously putrefy, some in a shorter, and 1666 2| perceive that here again he is putting the cart before the horse. 1667 2| suddenly becoming sceptics - Pyrrhonists, in fact? But if you do 1668 1| we shall apply the term qualitative motion.And further, it is 1669 1| that he employed the four qualitiesto explain the genesis of the 1670 1| recognise that all these qualitiesundergo an intimate mingling with 1671 1| attracting its own special qualityare compelled repeatedly to 1672 1| hand, clears away a great quantityof bile, and the skin of patients 1673 2| hesitate to adjudicate in their quarrel and to do Erasistratus the 1674 3| made himself ridiculous by quarrelling uselessly with a mere name - 1675 1| to go further into this questionin the present treatise; for 1676 1| soul, naming the kind in questionvegetative, and the other sensory, 1677 1| again the power flows, as quickas a thought, all through the 1678 2| out into the bile-ducts quicker than does the bile, exactly 1679 1| stealing, these two are quitebewildered, and while the one says 1680 1| not withstanding, inthe radish, what is appropriate and 1681 2| For, if it was right to raise this problem, why should 1682 3| court. For, supposing a rapid descent were dependent upon 1683 1| lightness, heaviness,density, rarity, smoothness, roughness, 1684 1| will stronglycondemn the rashness of Asclepiades, and if he 1685 1| second, and do not pass readilythrough it in the same way. Indeed, 1686 3| other has an abundant supply ready to hand. Thus it is in no 1687 1| are talking about, and who realize the logical sequenceof their 1688 2| nature of phlegm. And one who realizes that it may smell offensively 1689 1| argument,their words are really thereby constituted rhetoric. 1690 1| from below,from front and rear, from right and left, and 1691 1| impossible, then some other reasonfor its conveyance must be found. 1692 1| and if he also learns the reasonwhy nothing regurgitates from 1693 1| takes place by virtue of the rebounds and entanglementsof atoms, 1694 1| ureters are prevented from receivingback the urine from the bladder. 1695 | recent 1696 3| activation will not at once be recognisable to sense. ~ Now those parts 1697 3| operation can be actually recognised by the senses, whilst in 1698 1| purposes we only need to recognizethe complete alteration of substance. 1699 2| deadly, and most people recover from it; this proves how 1700 2| we shall also be able to rectify the failures of function. " 1701 2| blood; in some people it is redder, in others yellower, in 1702 1| whiteness and gradually acquired redness? Thus it is quite easy for 1703 2| should advise those who reduce the vessel called primary 1704 2| have done very foolishly in reducing the simple vessels to elements 1705 2| whereas, in the case of reeds and tubes it is true to 1706 1| ought properly to havealso referred the causes of all the special 1707 3| accurately elaborated and refined. ~ These, then, are what 1708 3| it is inevitable that the reflux into the venous artery ( 1709 1| Godknows! ~ ~Now, we usually refrain from arguing with people 1710 1| himself, he ought to have refrained from making hypotheses, 1711 1| s artistic skill - they refuseto learn; they even go so far 1712 3| would of course be like refusing to believe that purgative 1713 1| convince us by a brilliant refutation of the ancientdoctrine, 1714 2| Asclepiades though we cannot refute it: for the disjunctive 1715 1| theyare quite incapable of refuting, without any attempt at 1716 2| they would never be able to regain their original habit. It 1717 1| again condensed,it thus regains its previous form, and turns 1718 1| here proved more ignorant regardingNature than the very peasants. 1719 2| cold and dry modes of life, regions, constitutions, and diseases. 1720 1| learns the reasonwhy nothing regurgitates from the bladder into the 1721 3| mere passive conveyance of rejected matter up to the mouth will 1722 3| completed and the gullet is released from tension, the larynx 1723 2| But let us suppose he remained true to his own statement 1724 1| Havingabruptly made these and similar remarks in precise and clear tones, 1725 2| diseases, and the discovery of remedies, were correctly stated first 1726 1| of outgrowths. Stillmore, remember how, in order that the second 1727 1| the liver condition,then removed the disease by means of 1728 1| That is to say, if you removefrom each of the organs mentioned 1729 1| We shall then, as I said, renounceour controversy with them, since 1730 1| special qualityare compelled repeatedly to deny obvious facts. For 1731 2| of evacuated matter to be replaced. ~ 7. Let us, then, consider 1732 2| abandon the principle of replacement of evacuated matter, as 1733 3| cavities are seen to be replete and full, owing to the fact 1734 1| Erasistratus for some reason replied at great lengthto certain 1735 1| nobody will supposethat bread represents a kind of meeting-place 1736 2| attraction, in so far as their requirements are greater. And I fail 1737 2| nourishment without each of these requiring it too. Now, if on the one 1738 1| various subjectsof natural research themselves - the functions 1739 1| pass into the liver haveno resemblance either to arteries, veins 1740 2| from the singing-girl and resembled the pellicle of an egg. 1741 1| and they also need certain reservoirs,as it were, in which they 1742 2| of the stomach, and what resist and contend with it. For 1743 1| partizanship,so excessively resistant to all cleansing processes, 1744 2| simple; and some venture to resolve it into yet other elementary 1745 3| urine; for even without resorting to anatomy we may observe 1746 3| and so may become more resourceful in the diagnosis and treatment 1747 3| have demonstrated elsewhere respecting the tendency of a vacuum 1748 1| we then say that in this respectit undergoes motion. Accordingly, 1749 3| absorption and purgation respectively. As a matter of fact one 1750 2| arteries; also, in his work "On Respiration," with those who maintain 1751 3| that the liver yields in response to the traction of the stomach, 1752 2| channels, little or big, resting on an unproven hypothesis, 1753 2| emaciated and who need a great restoration of nutrition, unless what 1754 2| if delivery of nutriment resulted merely from the tendency 1755 3| end fairly soon, but those resulting from internal irritants ( 1756 3| present, however, let us resume again the task that lay 1757 1| place, will bid this blood retire to thelower part of the 1758 3| which are distended by the returned food; as it occupies each 1759 3| four, exist in each organ. Returning then, to this point, let 1760 2| philosophers? The fact is, they revere him as a god, and think 1761 2| certainly will not abandon their reverence for Erasistratus. Very well, 1762 3| also have their condition reversed. Thus, when the stomach 1763 1| supposethat when certain rhetoricians pour ridicule upon that 1764 1| constituted rhetoric. For rhetoricproceeds by persuasive reasoning; 1765 1| certain measure,time, and rhythm, and all their words are 1766 1| certain rhetoricians pour ridicule upon that which theyare 1767 1| overturn obvious facts by ridiculousarguments! "For," said he, "one may 1768 3| proper to it, it loathes and rids itself of what is foreign. 1769 2| our enquiry can be most rigorously pursued in subjects who 1770 3| person who was holding a gold ring in his mouth, inadvertently 1771 2| and wander from the right road, should talk such nonsense, 1772 1| overlyingheart, at each diastole, robs the vena cava by violence 1773 1| there was no longer any room for nonsense about "conveyance 1774 2| veins and arteries, like a rope woven by Nature out of three 1775 2| animals grow like webs, ropes, sacks, or baskets, each 1776 2| kind - readily spoils and rots it? And who does not know 1777 3| the thorax, the arteries rough and smooth, the heart, the 1778 1| density, rarity, smoothness, roughness, thickness and thinness; 1779 1| each will take a different route,the one flowing this way 1780 2| the children blew up and rubbed, you will also understand 1781 1| them with air, and then rubthem on ashes near the fire, 1782 2| a condition? Because its rule is that only so much of 1783 1| fact almost on the point of rupturing; on removing the ligaturefrom 1784 2| but genesis! For a bag, sack, garment, house, ship, or 1785 2| animals grow like webs, ropes, sacks, or baskets, each of which 1786 1| quality. He thereforesays that safflower, the Cnidian berry, and 1787 1| suffocated. But if it be saidthat the residual matter is equal 1788 3| surprise you; this phlegm [saliva] in the mouth is also a 1789 2| overcooked grows at first salt and afterwards bitter? And 1790 1| urinates practically the samequantity as one has drunk, which 1791 1| an oracle from the inner sanctuary, that urineis residual matter 1792 1| pain in the loins and pass sandy matter in their water. ~ ~ 1793 2| it has been proved to the satisfaction of those who are capable 1794 2| do, and if none of them satisfy Erasistratus, what can the 1795 1| then (the third cup to the Saviour!), let us now speakof the 1796 1| holds thatthe flower and scales of bronze, and burnt bronze 1797 1| condition further. Moreover, scammony, according to the Asclepiadeanargument, 1798 3| contents be abundant or scanty, their cavities are seen 1799 2| false, but suddenly becoming sceptics - Pyrrhonists, in fact? 1800 1| they even go so far as to scoff, and maintain that the kidneys, 1801 3| it even rapidly destroys scorpions; while, as regards the animals 1802 1| had assumed; he showed no scruples, however,in opposing plain 1803 2| not know that brine and sea-water preserve meat and keep it 1804 2| and above this, neglect to search for the factors of most 1805 2| the province of what comes secondarily, but of what pre-exists, 1806 2| does not precede, but is secondary to the parts of the animal. 1807 1| not rebound, how does the secondpiece become suspended to the 1808 1| longer be able to conduct a secondquantity of unpurified blood to the 1809 1| That these areorgans for secreting [separating out] the urine, 1810 1| as to the manner in which secretionoccurs. ~ ~But even if he kept 1811 1| evil to get rid of is this sectarian partizanship,so excessively 1812 1| arisen the following two sectsin medicine and philosophy 1813 1| front of the ureters, then secure these with ligatures,and 1814 3| its contents, whilst the sediment it clears away by diarrhoea. 1815 1| to fall into the kidneys, seeingthat these are not situated below, 1816 2| shall show - we must then seek another cause for nutrition. ~ 1817 2| recognizing their fall, actually seize their victorious adversaries 1818 3| animal has nothing to eat, seizes it from the veins in the 1819 1| wisdom, temperance, and self-control are all mere nonsense, we 1820 2| demonstration, as being self-evident (since they never suspected 1821 2| right ventricle, thereafter sending it through the arterioid 1822 3| this organ possesses most sensibility, and among its other affections 1823 1| number corresponding to its sensibleelements. The name sensible elements 1824 1| questionvegetative, and the other sensory, this person is not saying 1825 1| rendered serviceable, and is sent, as blood, toall the parts 1826 1| fine particles, which are separatedfrom one another by empty spaces. ~ ~ 1827 1| soul to plantsas well, and separates the two kinds of soul, naming 1828 1| areorgans for secreting [separating out] the urine, was the 1829 1| its own kind; before any separationtakes place, the whole of the 1830 1| piececoming next in the series, although this second piece 1831 2| kinds of serum. And all the serums in the humours are waste 1832 3| of the body depend on the setting of the fibres. Now please 1833 2| have given the patient a severe chill; similarly, in women, 1834 3| expulsion downwards when the severest part of the inflammation 1835 3| surrounding the gullet, without severing any of the nerves, arteries, 1836 1| right and left, and which shake and agitatethem and never 1837 1| require have been stated. I shallnow say what ones the nutritive 1838 1| elsewherethat these opinions were shared by Hippocrates, who lived 1839 3| to attract from and to go shares with everything else, and, 1840 3| causes no further trouble but sharply purges the whole body and 1841 2| do this you will have to shelter yourselves behind the Empiricist 1842 3| movement), and the omentum sheltering them all - you may believe 1843 3| part of the animal has been shewn to draw into itself the 1844 1| orsuffer anything or try any shift in order to find some plausible 1845 3| constantly changing and shifting its position, neither adhesion 1846 3| the force of the traction shifts to the latter. ~ Suppose 1847 3| obviously putrefy, some in a shorter, and some in a longer time, 1848 2| could live or endure for the shortest time if, possessing within 1849 3| the intestine; as we shall shortly demonstrate, most of it 1850 1| constricted, and that it shouldflow quickly down the ducts which 1851 1| the forethought and art shownby Nature in relation to animals. ~ ~ 1852 1| to any other part of the sideit does not become attached. 1853 1| vena cava] as does the sieve-like [ethmoid] passage in the 1854 1| Erasistratus had the sense to keep silenceabout. ~ ~But enough about the 1855 1| cheese cannot get down, sincethe pores of the strainers will 1856 1| nations. As they rub, they sing songs, to a certain measure, 1857 1| of her,and is constantly singing her praises and calling 1858 2| statement, fell from the singing-girl and resembled the pellicle 1859 1| nourishment, however, is not one singlepart, but a great many parts, 1860 2| Erasistratus - the man who sings the artistic skill of Nature! 1861 2| described by Hippocrates in the sixth-day birth, which, according 1862 1| ten-thousandth part of the sizeof the very smallest particles 1863 1| hardened disputer and as skilful a master of language as 1864 1| isforeign. Further, she skilfully moulds everything during 1865 2| who assumes Nature to be a skilled artist; thus we shall also 1866 3| transferred from the extreme skin-surface and so reach the intestines 1867 3| proportions - in these, any slight tendency to movement forwards 1868 3| deglutition the gullet becomes slightly filled with air which is 1869 1| pabulum runs off and easily slips away from the solid parts 1870 1| yet so unintelligent and slow-witted that evenby the time they 1871 2| Erasistratus is thoroughly small-minded and petty to the last degree 1872 1| can be suspended by such smallbodies? If each of them is a ten-thousandth 1873 1| becomes entangled with another smallbody, or when a body in motion 1874 1| much labour) is the very smallestpart; almost the whole of it 1875 2| natural functions to the smallness or largeness of canals, 1876 3| mere fact that the food smells of the body shows that it 1877 3| the arteries rough and smooth, the heart, the mouth, and 1878 1| heaviness,density, rarity, smoothness, roughness, thickness and 1879 3| mouth, the stomach obviously snatches away the food from them 1880 3| food in our hands and were snatching it from one another; if 1881 3| masticated food is all, firstly, soaked in and mixed up with this 1882 1| forethoughtfor offspring, and one of sociability and friendship for kindred. 1883 1| children, but of any one soever;it is a property of Nature 1884 1| also, a thing which is very soft cannot all at oncebecome 1885 3| before it has been thoroughly softened in the mouth, whilst in 1886 3| that is to say, of the softening of the food, the removal 1887 1| distinctionsare hardness and softness, viscosity, friability, 1888 1| greater power thanextreme solar heat of drawing to itself 1889 3| that Nature is artistic and solicitous for the animal's welfare, 1890 1| there would still remain,solitary and abandoned, the specious 1891 1| the body, and produce a solution having such and such anappearance, 1892 1| wagons, and wish to filch someaway without being detected, 1893 | somehow 1894 1| occurs in reality. Thus someof them hold that all such 1895 1| As they rub, they sing songs, to a certain measure,time, 1896 1| construction of impudent sophisms, the one party strivingto 1897 2| neither the bubo nor the sore of itself impedes in any 1898 2| within itself a cavity of sorts, this is not occupied with 1899 1| flowing from the iron, and sothey become easily interlocked 1900 1| had confirmed its truth,I sought long among the various sects 1901 1| not merelydevoid of all sound knowledge, but they will 1902 1| fact that they always get soundly laughedat by all who happen 1903 3| upon emulsification, then soups, milk, and barley-emulsion 1904 3| nothing from extraneous sources, but if ever it is in need 1905 1| the Saviour!), let us now speakof the worst doctrine of all, 1906 1| rendered what it is by a specialalterative faculty of Nature; while 1907 2| Moreover, that digestion is a species of alteration - a transmutation 1908 1| solitary and abandoned, the specious theory concerning the fillingof 1909 2| these; they are outside the sphere of the practitioner, and 1910 1| an even grander and more spirited venture; for he says this 1911 2| drinkable kind - readily spoils and rots it? And who does 1912 1| looks upon the bladder as a sponge or a piece of wool, and 1913 1| demonstrate how the urine spurts out ofit, like blood in 1914 1| these whenthe bladder was squeezed, in the same way that it 1915 1| thenties up its neck and squeezes it all round, it does not 1916 2| anadosis depends on the squeezing action of the stomach, and 1917 1| moulds everything during the stageof genesis; and she also provides 1918 1| white, all the intermediate stagesare needed. So also, a thing 1919 2| induration of the liver, is the standpoint of a man whose intelligence 1920 1| and will never come to a standstill. But, if this be assumed, 1921 2| physicians and philosophers who start from this hypothesis. For, 1922 1| Epicurus; for the latter always statedthe observed fact, although 1923 1| shamelessly had recourse to the statementthat nothing is in any way attracted 1924 1| which was asked; they merely statewhat happens and imagine they 1925 2| Phidias and all the other statuaries used merely to decorate 1926 2| commencement, and becomes a perfect statue simply by being clothed 1927 1| then, caught in the act of stealing, these two are quitebewildered, 1928 2| alone to be as tough as steel and unaffected by circumstances? 1929 1| different kinds of outgrowths. Stillmore, remember how, in order 1930 1| once detected, and there stillremains the original difficulty 1931 1| compel one to spend one'stime in dissipating the fallacious 1932 1| viper, others that of the sting-ray, and othersthat of some 1933 3| will to a plentiful common stock of food; some will naturally 1934 1| was followed later by the Stoic school.These latter, of 1935 2| Aristotle, thirdly from the Stoics (with a single modification, 1936 2| rises to the top [of the stomach-contents]; and they call black bile 1937 2| elaboration of food in the stomach-region, or whether it reaches the 1938 1| does the attraction of the stomachnot appear? For is it not indicative 1939 3| amongst it abundance of stones, bones, grape-pips, or other 1940 1| kidneys and bladder as the stonetraversed the ureter, or that, when 1941 3| eating when others have stopped, some will be on the point 1942 3| will be on the point of stopping when others are beginning, 1943 3| food and has absorbed and stored away the most useful part 1944 3| I have already shown, it stores up in itself, afterwards 1945 3| finely divided condition, storing this up in its own coats, 1946 2| Erasistratus, and made up some story of a connection between 1947 3| into the intestines, it straightway becomes ordure? For, if 1948 3| may he cease to urge and strain himself in order to learn 1949 2| Nature out of three different strands. By means of this hypothesis 1950 2| the Peripatetics to have strayed very far from truth, since 1951 2| philosophers who lay most stress on a preliminary investigation 1952 3| hands, so also the stomach stretches itself forward along with 1953 3| can no longer support the stretching, weight when the contents 1954 3| used in its primitive or strict sense. ~ But, as has been 1955 3| nutrition, and should therefore strive to put it away. Finally, 1956 3| to be stretched that it strives to relieve itself of its 1957 3| means that the stomach is striving to be evacuated by vomiting. 1958 1| sophisms, the one party strivingto prevent the lies of Asclepiades 1959 1| animal, I think he will stronglycondemn the rashness of Asclepiades, 1960 2| simple, and entirely unified structure, and let us consider how 1961 3| occurs in wresting-bouts and struggles, when in our eagerness to 1962 2| neglect one of the finest studies in medicine? Thus he ought 1963 2| about the spleen, nor have stultified himself by holding that 1964 1| Hippocrates; and he attempts in stupid - I might say insane - language, 1965 1| refuted, and theother saying stupidly what Erasistratus had the 1966 1| despite their ignorance, they style themselves, some "physicians" 1967 1| unchangeable,unalterable, and subdivided into fine particles, which 1968 2| a single uniform matter, subjected to the artificer. From this 1969 1| animal (those which have been subjectedto the moulding or shaping 1970 1| but also from the various subjectsof natural research themselves - 1971 2| to say that, if these be submerged in water, and are emptied 1972 1| Warm and the Cold, and who subordinate to these,as passive, the 1973 3| without there being any subsequent symptoms. Now surely if 1974 1| confute these people, my subsidiarytask would be greater than my 1975 1| that Asclepiades, when all subtle excuses had failed him and 1976 2| nourishment. ~ But this, again, is succeeded by another similar difficulty. 1977 2| how are you going to be successful in treatment, if you do 1978 3| together, and others in succession. Yes, by Zeus! and one will 1979 1| completely assimilates it; while suchpart of the juice as has not 1980 3| full of water and sand, and suck the air out of the tube 1981 2| as it were, just made a sudden entrance into the world, 1982 1| beenpassed by one of these sufferers, or observed that this was 1983 1| just." Alone,he says, she suffices for the animal in every 1984 1| collected till they reach a sufficientquantity, and are then discharged. ~ ~ 1985 1| the animal will be at once suffocated. But if it be saidthat the 1986 1| evacuated. Nor, could he suggest any other plausiblecause, 1987 2| Old people, however, it suits well enough, inasmuch as 1988 2| complete? ~ Let us, then, sum up again this same argument, 1989 1| therefore, given a concise and summary statement of the matter, 1990 1| same vessel in the very hot sun, you will find the dailyloss 1991 2| membrane like a kind of superficial condensation; this is what 1992 3| and if the one be much superior in strength, it will exert 1993 1| Thus, the upper part of the superiorextremity must hang from the lodestone, 1994 1| down than the ureters, we supposedthat, if we had not done so before, 1995 1| atmosphere, how big must we supposethe hook-like extremities by 1996 2| haemorrhoids which have been suppressed, or which, through immoderate 1997 2| increasing from internal suppuration, it destroys the body and 1998 2| if we suppose this, I am sure it would be ridiculous for 1999 1| unaware of a still more surprisingfact, namely, that not merely 2000 3| coats, or the way it is surrounded by neighbouring viscera, 2001 2| which the semen firstly surrounds itself with a thin membrane


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