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| Thomas H. Marshall James Watt IntraText - Concordances (Hapax - words occurring once) |
Art.
1 6 | effeminate shoe-string," and 20,000 good craftsmen of Birmingham 2 App| experiments and, on January 15th, 1784, read a paper to the 3 3 | CLOCKMAKERS COMPANY OF LONDON. 1632.~ ~IT took Watt twelve days 4 1 | Europe. EDWARD CHAMBERLAYNE.. 1669.~" Before or about the year 5 4 | successful model was completed in 1705 and the first engine was 6 1 | fraudulent companies of 1720. The coarseness of our manners 7 3 | When Defoe visited it about 1724 he found it a " city of 8 2 | born on the 19th of January 1736. He was from the first a 9 1 | was happening as early as 1747. He produced a book in which 10 1 | the Restoration, and by 1750 ;4 we beat all Europe in 11 2 | about his father's shop. In 1753 his mother died. He was 12 1 | Society of Arts, founded in 1754. Its objects are made sufficiently 13 2 | accepted, and on 7th June, 1755 Watt mounted his horse to 14 3 | authorities. In the spring of 1756 the Press became very active. 15 3 | College in the summer of 1757> but as soon as his remarkable 16 3 | when Dick died, early in 17577 his successor as Professor 17 6 | workmen. Hither he migrated in 1762 and, with no experience 18 6 | to come and see him. In 1767 Watt went, but Boulton was 19 5 | and financial crisis of 1772 finally smashed Roebuck. 20 5 | letter was written in July 1773. But his cup of misery was 21 6 | Boulton and Watt. In May, 1774 Watt left Glasgow to join 22 6 | Beelzebub." In December, 17742 Watt wrote to his father: " 23 7 | the service of the firm in 1777. He was a big brawny Scot, 24 7 | the orders. In December 1778Watt wrote from Redruth to his 25 7 | appearance in Cornwall in 1779 he at once won his way to 26 8 | which came into use about 1780X and these also were suited 27 9 | of my patent in the year 1781" I do not by what I have 28 8 | which was patented in 17842 iSX for his biographer, 29 8 | merchants were involved, and in 1788 there was a crop of failures, 30 9 | where he had lived since 1789) and settled down there 31 8 | He patented the lot in 178IX but only one of them was 32 6 | monstrous every season. But, in 1790 the buckle was ousted by " 33 8 | prosecute the offenders. In 1793 action was taken against 34 9 | The death of Roebuck in 1794 did not affect him deeply, 35 8 | to succeed them, and by 1795 they were participating 36 2 | dictated her reminiscences in 1798~~ some fifty years after 37 9 | left Birmingham hastily in 179I. In that year a mob attacked 38 1 | as a separate service in 17I6 it became evident that every 39 3 | crossed the Atlantic in 17I67 an ever-increasing proportion 40 9 | the heaviest losses. In 1802 Darwin died, and Watt began 41 9 | with the degree of LL.D. in 1806. Two years later the Institute 42 9 | progress with his invention. In 1807 he was already getting models 43 9 | Fulton built the Clermont in 18077 the next land mark in the 44 9 | youth, John Robison, and in 1809 the ally of his years of 45 9 | wood and ivory, and by 1812 he seemed to be very satisfied 46 9 | corresponding member, and in 1814 paid him the very high tribute 47 9 | machine are dated April 1818 just sixteen months before 48 9 | outside them.~On August 19th, 1819, Watt passed peacefully 49 9 | breweries and dis tilleries. By 1820 it had captured the cotton 50 9 | memory after his death. In 1824, as a result of a public 51 9 | in Westminster Abbey. In 1882 his name was given a permanent 52 9 | his death came round in 1919, the Science Museum in South 53 2 | quoted in Punch, July 3Oth, 1924)~ ~ON the southern bank 54 4 | at Wolverhampton in I 7 I 2.~We must now return to James 55 8 | the 1776 model, got up to 21 millions, and by 1780 he 56 4 | to boiling point, namely 212¡~~ before it turned to vapour; 57 8 | he had increased this to 26. Boulton was not exaggerating 58 6 | sent in writing on November 28th, and two days later Small 59 1 | Roger Bacon, who died in I 292~~ touched the very essence 60 7 | income from engines of over £3¡¡¡- In 1783 Boulton had 61 4 | could get the water up about 30 feet. That was not enough, 62 5 | steam that theirs does to 32.... In short, I can think 63 8 | then told him that, of the 325 engines destined to be produced 64 2 | Magazine (quoted in Punch, July 3Oth, 1924)~ ~ON the southern 65 1 | Restoration, and by 1750 ;4 we beat all Europe in Clocks 66 5 | ought to raise water to 44 feet with the same quantity 67 8 | district in 1769 was just over 5+ millions, and the maximum 68 8 | pig-iron was only about 50,ooo tons a year. A century 69 3 | making gross sales up to £600 a year, and kept a staff 70 8 | and of our premium." By I 786. the designs were completed, 71 8 | connected with engines. In I 787 trade was depressed. There 72 2 | adventure was accepted, and on 7th June, 1755 Watt mounted 73 4 | at first, are ill-shapen, 80 are all Innovations, which 74 1 | is said to have preached 800 sermons a year to audiences 75 5 | into many other industries 87 depended on those industries 76 8 | textile industries, and 92 of those into cotton mills, 77 4 | heats him.~From 200 B.C. to A.D. I600 steam was little more 78 7 | Besides, as Watt reported, " A1though Joseph has attended to his 79 9 | and placed in Westminster Abbey. In 1882 his name was given 80 2 | orphan and a fugitive, from Aberdeen, where his father had been 81 4 | to be said that " Nature abhors a vacuum." This peculiarly 82 8 | been built to satisfy the abnormal passion of the day for spirits, 83 9 | find him annoyed by " the abominable smoke which attends fire 84 1 | Rebellion, England hath abounded in variety of Drinks (as 85 3 | attack on the heights of Abraham. Four years later he returned, 86 8 | Boulton's frequent and long absences has fallen wholly on me, 87 7 | the mineowners as their absolute property, and the more intolerable 88 5 | cistern which seemed to absorb all his thoughts. Robison 89 9 | energy. To possess it in abundance gives security, to possess 90 9 | father's genius combined with abundant vitality and a gift for 91 9 | Associes Etrangers of the Academie des Sciences. English society 92 2 | to Watt's childhood, one accepts this story, the other rejects 93 9 | steamengine diminished the risk of accident in the mines and the suffering 94 8 | therefore more liable to accidents, but workmanship was improving, 95 6 | there built a factory to accommodate, it is said, over a thousand 96 9 | machinery that it drove, special accommodation was required, and new buildings 97 5 | nothing that it could not accomplish. " Credit makes the soldier 98 2 | improvements were based on accurate measurement and ingenuity 99 9 | chiefly with his supreme achievement, has scarcely done justice 100 5 | manufacture of sulphuric acid established at Prestonpans. 101 2 | century, and had " never acknowledged any superior." But the most 102 2 | circle of highly respectable acquaintances, including the family of 103 1 | two methods in which we acquire knowledge, argument and 104 5 | in great was wanting; in acquiring it I have met with many 105 6 | all, I suspect you will acquit me of selfish designs in 106 7 | and there was hardly an acre that had not been tried 107 8 | engine with two cylinders acting on two cranks attached to 108 7 | hardly responsible for his actions. He had been reduced to 109 9 | him to the end, and he was actively engaged in the perfection 110 1 | movement of progress, the activity of the closing years of 111 7 | rather than as a leading actress, in the scenes of his later 112 6 | perfection in design, that acute sense of beauty in machinery 113 6 | position, of which he was acutely sensible, for he could not 114 2 | never showed any tendency to adapt himself to the type that 115 5 | establishment could easily be adapted to the manufacture of engines 116 8 | five alternative ways of adapting a steam-engine to drive 117 9 | other unit I would suggest adding to the list is that of power... 118 9 | who, in his Presidential Address to the British Association, 119 1 | the laws of mechanics, and adds, " He requires a large Stock 120 6 | can receive an advantage adequate to his labour and invention," 121 9 | anxiety subsided. Small had to administer a few more pinpricks. In 122 4 | to contain it. And this admirable force had not yet been pressed 123 2 | to the type that was most admired by his schoolfellows. He 124 8 | s patent set him free to adopt the crank. It was known 125 9 | their operations, they made advances to Boulton and Watt with 126 1 | scale. The craftsmen were advancing along the path of science 127 8 | can very easily, and most advantageously, be driven by power. A horse 128 2 | of all difficulties the adventure was accepted, and on 7th 129 8 | a crew of beaten, broken adventurers, searching desperately for 130 5 | ignorant miracle-workers. Adventures went amiss, the bubble was 131 2 | could be hitched up right." Advt. in American Magazine (quoted 132 9 | arm, UNCONQUER D STEAM ! afar Drag the slow barge, or 133 9 | Roebuck in 1794 did not affect him deeply, as their friendship 134 6 | convulsion of mind and body that afflicts the East when touched by 135 5 | microscope is safe arrived, and affords fine amusement; but Mrs. 136 9 | so bold as to tackle it afresh, was an insult to his judgment.~ 137 5 | highly organised matrimonial agency keep up the birthrate. The 138 4 | Having acted as Charles I's agent in some of his wildest schemes 139 6 | British Museum, and sent agents to ransack the curio shops 140 6 | mechanical invention, and the agility of his mind and the keenness 141 5 | dying, "has so violently agitated the wits of men at this 142 1 | every learned Society was agog with eagerness to hear the 143 9 | believe we are not likely to agree with him, as he lays too 144 6 | which I hope will prove agreeable to us all." The immediate 145 5 | scope enough for it in those agricultural pursuits which were just 146 2 | by then definitely gone ahead of Cartsdyke, for while 147 4 | fault. His scientific mind, aided by his mechanical genius 148 1 | astronomy and meteorology as aids to the science of navigation, 149 2 | Twa hundred mair, of his ain name, Frae Torwood and the 150 4 | cylinder, just as it was, in an air-tight case filled with steam. 151 4 | the work unfinished. He airily remarked that the manner 152 9 | poisonous and medicinal airs." His last invention was 153 9 | they move; Or warrior-bands alarm the gaping crowd, And armies 154 9 | He first became seriously alarmed at the age of thirty-four 155 7 | excepting that he gave the ale there a bad character." 156 9 | was much impressed. " The alert, kind, benevolent old man 157 3 | Jamaica, of the name of Alexander Macfarlane. Classes in physical 158 3 | service . . . any foreigners, alien or English, not being free 159 9 | and fascinate them all alike. Walter Scott met him at 160 1 | Exchange was set up in 'Change Alley in I698.~There had been 161 2 | was a profession closely allied to those of his father and 162 9 | Robison, and in 1809 the ally of his years of manhood, 163 9 | him on the origin of the alphabet as if he had been coeval 164 4 | There are several shorthand alphabets and codes, several portable 165 5 | imperfect trial to-day of an alteration in the condenser, with which 166 5 | engine much better of the alterations I mentioned in my last. 167 9 | of material to be carved, altering the scale as desired.~It 168 8 | and drew up plans of five alternative ways of adapting a steam-engine 169 5 | time was wasted in trying alternatives which Watt knew well were 170 6 | And the letter concluded ambiguously, leaving a loophole for 171 3 | when seized by restless ambition for something greater, was 172 1 | to a clockmaker, but his ambitious nature carried him beyond 173 5 | though they would still thole amends. Hire yourself to somebody 174 8 | without protest, it would amount to an admission that their 175 6 | It was a very poor one} amounting only to a share in the engine 176 2 | nautical instruments. He amused himself by copying what 177 5 | arrived, and affords fine amusement; but Mrs. Roebuck desires 178 3 | much too tired to think of amusements, and anyhow he could not 179 4 | because he had thoroughly analysed every factor in the problem 180 3 | help Watt by testing and analysing " the random suggestions 181 5 | Projecting Age."~The Projector, ancestor of the company promoter 182 9 | remembering. He selected Anglo-Saxon as a good subject for his 183 9 | patent on his own, Watt wrote angrily to Boulton, asking him to 184 7 | find a scarcity of these animals."~Far scarcer still were 185 7 | unromantic affair, and certainly Anne Macgregor, who became the 186 3 | revolted in 1775 this trade was annihilated, but by that time the prosperity 187 8 | create a precedent for the annihilation of patent rights for fear 188 9 | years later we find him annoyed by " the abominable smoke 189 7 | they then undertook to pay annually a sum equal to one-third 190 7 | fifty rotative engines per annum. The Empress of Russia is 191 9 | any one else the chance of anticipating him. The policy was not 192 6 | throughout with genuine antiques.~Boulton inherited a comfortable 193 6 | account of the resources, antiquities and curiosities of his kingdom. 194 1 | these were discovered in antiquity. During the Middle Ages 195 3 | night. " They now press anybody they can get," wrote Watt 196 | anyhow 197 5 | accustomed to work with apapparatus fashioned with all the delicacy 198 1 | of England out of their apathy. And once they were roused 199 5 | orders at three guineas apiece. As his reputation as an 200 3 | wept with joy; and then apologised. " It is very foolish, but 201 9 | him, firmly and without apology or argument raked out the 202 8 | invested his money, and the appeal was made in vain. When it 203 8 | extremely hard to get. He appealed to Watt for assistance. 204 7 | of hand, and on his first appearance in Cornwall in 1779 he at 205 7 | insisted on Watt's name appearing in the agreement, as, without 206 App| Appendix~THE WATER CONTROVERSY~ ~ 207 6 | vulgarities. She tickled the appetite of fashion for " new-born 208 5 | of work and traffic; and applaud and admire them. Mammon 209 8 | writes, " are certainly very applicable to the driving of cotton 210 6 | time he showed a subtle appreciation of the causes of Watt's 211 7 | out of jail in continual apprehension of which I live at present." 212 2 | described by a workman who was apprenticed in his father's shop. They 213 4 | construction of machinery appro priate to his purpose." 214 3 | an excellent channel of approach to the keener scientists 215 9 | sickly body, but, as old age approached, these troubles passed away. 216 9 | of power... It might be appropriately called a Watt, in honour 217 6 | their consent and hearty approval, to take over the full property 218 5 | compelled to accept the clumsy approximations of the local blacksmith. 219 7 | for the engine with its appurtenances, specifying all cast and 220 9 | or wearing his workman's apron. After she had retired to 221 8 | double-acting rotary engine was aproved success, and orders were 222 4 | He was an engineer and architect to Louis XIII of France, 223 6 | or Dissenters.~Birmingham ardently embraced the doctrines of 224 8 | outlook here and in the mining areas was distinctly encouraging, 225 8 | rhetorical Juggling, spun his argumentary hoops and jumped through 226 8 | circular track of their arguments, like racers in a stadium, 227 4 | energy and loss of power, arising from the very principle 228 9 | a member of the landed aristocracy of England. Watt got to 229 9 | small busts of Socrates and Aristotle, and a sleeping boy, sent 230 9 | thoughts lately upon an arithmetical machine . . . (it was to 231 1 | Engineers as a branch of the Army goes back into the Middle 232 6 | Boulton's interest was at once aroused, and he invited Watt to 233 4 | when the whole thing was arranged in my mind."~When the substance 234 3 | history. Within a month of his arrival in Glasgow, the University 235 9 | a trace of intellectual arrogance in Watt's character, which 236 9 | curiosity peeps through the arrogant contempt of his language. 237 4 | dangerous and expensive article, highpressure steam. It 238 2 | falls into. Are you not ashamed of spending your time in 239 8 | can be excused for looking askance at this monstrosity. He 240 9 | on his knees, apparently asleep over his dinner. He crept 241 7 | affairs wear a most smiling aspect to human eyes.~" Our affairs 242 6 | accepted as a model by all the aspiring captains of industry of 243 1 | the observations of the assembled company might lead some 244 3 | the Royal Infirmary, the Assembly Rooms, the Grammar School, 245 8 | motion, and it has been asserted that it was originally invented 246 6 | that Boulton and I should assist you as much as we could, 247 4 | familiar, low-pressure steam, assisted in its action by a vacuum 248 9 | opened at any letter his associates chose to turn up." He could 249 9 | him as one of the eight Associes Etrangers of the Academie 250 App| valued as a friend. We may assume, therefore, that he understood 251 6 | goes on, and modern man now assumes, with affecting modesty, 252 4 | Whether it was the calm assurance of the man, or the memory 253 9 | scarcely done justice to the astonishing fertility of his mind and 254 4 | Therefore energy was going astray, as it were, in heating 255 5 | night of my having taken asunder the engine to add an external 256 3 | magnificent domed Lunatic Asylum to house one hundred and 257 3 | rounds on the eve of the attack on the heights of Abraham. 258 9 | 179I. In that year a mob attacked some friends of the French 259 3 | he suffered from violent attacks of rheumatism. He longed 260 1 | increased by the Government's attempts to suppress it. William 261 9 | the abominable smoke which attends fire engines," and in particular 262 2 | Now this tale is very attractive; but it is also very suspicious. 263 2 | real importance, and to attribute some deep significance to 264 8 | inn. Whereupon one of his audience hurried up to London, took 265 1 | preached 800 sermons a year to audiences that often exceeded I0000 266 7 | Feeling ran high. It was augmented by the fact that the monopoly, 267 9 | isolated colony of which he was autocrat. Often the buildings had 268 3 | collection of industrial autocrats, worthy men, no doubt, but 269 3 | But it was difficult to avoid wasting time. Each workman 270 3 | Lord Mayor, I durst not avow that I wrought in the City, 271 3 | without it, and nothing awaited them at the end of it but 272 2 | well known, and were not awaiting discovery by the genius 273 3 | experiments, that he became aware of Watt's genius. " I found 274 2 | did not. He was slow and awkward, and fell below the ordinary 275 9 | English society gradually awoke to the fact that it had 276 8 | two cranks attached to one axis. In this way, whenever one 277 8 | another, attached to the axle of the wheel to be driven, 278 5 | shall all be boiling hot aye, and hot water injected 279 4 | that heats him.~From 200 B.C. to A.D. I600 steam was little 280 7 | obscure and somewhat sinister background, rather than as a leading 281 2 | bought a house and some land backing on the harbour and there 282 9 | the standard of the most backward up to the level of the most 283 7 | had a hectic time flying backwards and forwards from the factory 284 8 | continuous motion that had baffled Wasborough. It was a complicated 285 2 | Treasurer, and finally " Bailie," or chief magistrate. He 286 4 | the pressure is perfectly balanced. But if you can withdraw 287 1 | represented by two types, the banker and the dealer in stocks 288 6 | another way. Roebuck went bankrupt, and his affairs were put 289 5 | Roebuck~" I know Mammon too; Banks-of-England, Credit-systems, world-wide 290 1 | feudal princeling, was as yet barely fledged, and was still trying 291 9 | STEAM ! afar Drag the slow barge, or drive the rapid car; 292 9 | workshops. They were converted barns and cartsheds, dirty, dangerous 293 9 | Government. He was offered a baronetcy, which he politely declined.~ 294 2 | pulleys, pumps, capstans, a barrel-organ and a crane, probably copied 295 5 | mercy of Mammon. His idea is barren and cannot give birth to 296 9 | reproducing medals and works in bas-relief. As usually happened in 297 5 | separate condenser, the basic idea of the invention, and 298 9 | anniversary of the fall of the Bastille. Priestley had not been 299 5 | finances. He was no longer bearing the cost of the experiments 300 1 | Restoration, and by 1750 ;4 we beat all Europe in Clocks and 301 6 | modern convenience, but beautifully furnished throughout with 302 2 | great clump of elms and beeches south of the town, and there 303 6 | was familiarly known as " Beelzebub." In December, 17742 Watt 304 7 | His wife wrote to Boulton begging him to forgive her husband' 305 7 | I have not heard how he behaved in the west; excepting that 306 7 | universal satisfaction to all beholders, believers or not. I have 307 9 | times the bulk of water. Beighton knew nothing of it." The 308 1 | Ages, when men took their beliefs on trust, and were ignorant 309 7 | satisfaction to all beholders, believers or not. I have once or twice 310 9 | experiments of others and to belittle their work. It is not surprising 311 9 | studied political economy and belles-lettres all his life; of science 312 1 | coppersmith, gunsmith, bellfounder and coffin-maker; made and 313 3 | lower without " pinching his belly." The strain was too much 314 6 | instinctively felt that he belonged. But already he was pledged 315 7 | Coalbrookdale, the famous ironworks belonging to the Darby family, the 316 4 | producing the vacuum. To Papin belongs the credit for having thought 317 5 | went on tinkering at his beloved model. " I wrote you last 318 9 | crowd, And armies shrink beneath the shadowy cloud."~Priestley 319 4 | infancy of thought. That benefactor of humanity who first boiled 320 9 | impressed. " The alert, kind, benevolent old man had his attention 321 4 | nozzles of those spouts, all bent one way, and drive it spinning 322 7 | inherited his father's works at Bersham, in Denbighshire, and then 323 | beside 324 9 | career of our business to bestow my attention on it would 325 4 | predecessors as the modern bicycle is from the velocipede of 326 5 | cast at Carron for use in a big-scale model, the cylinder "was 327 7 | saved by John Wilkinson, the biggest figure in the history of 328 6 | course was adopted, and a bill was introduced in February 329 8 | and of its cousin, the " Billy," which came into use about 330 3 | only proper course was to bind himself by a legal contract 331 4 | sufficient excuse for writing a biography of the inventor. It merely 332 9 | sun and earth remain, the birds sing still, When we are 333 5 | matrimonial agency keep up the birthrate. The commercial world bristles 334 8 | tells us, he " employed a blackguard of the name of Cartwright ( 335 1 | to suppress it. William Blake walked the streets of London 336 6 | she had only herself to blame. She was suffering the same 337 8 | proved unsatisfactory, they blamed Watt, and the credit of 338 1 | righteous after the heretic and blasphemer. The future " nation of 339 5 | that drove the air into the blastfurnaces. Finally, his establishment 340 5 | on his friend. " My heart bleeds for his situation, and I 341 7 | and peace. But the storm blew over.~The income from the 342 8 | were in the scales, and blind Justice secured equilibrium 343 6 | was ready to welcome new blood whether it ran in the veins 344 7 | engine was effective for blowing furnaces, but the majority 345 2 | invention, is a serious blunder. In the first place Watt' 346 9 | in such a way that when a blunt point was passed over the 347 4 | towards its invention are blurred and unrecognisable, for 348 6 | that it was not an idle boast; he could do it if he wanted 349 9 | he was not guilty of idle boasting when he wrote, three years 350 9 | an engine to drive canal boats, and an interesting correspondence 351 9 | had laid the Malthusian bogey and created the specialised 352 4 | by the fire. As the water boils, the steam will issue in 353 2 | prospered in his business, grew bolder in his mercantile speculations 354 5 | invention was sound; he bombarded Watt with questions and 355 4 | the decent posture with bon grace." King Charles is 356 7 | year, which was outside the bond.~Though driven almost to 357 7 | a clever mechanic called Bonze, who absolutely refused 358 8 | the beginning of the real boom in the cotton industry.~ 359 2 | had proposed to cross the border, and London seems a long 360 5 | exhausting cylinders cast, bored, and partly turned; also 361 7 | had invented a new way of boring cylinders. In the old method 362 8 | healthy, vigorous pioneers borne on the rising tide of a 363 5 | Watt had been forced to borrow from Black again. He began 364 5 | Hamilton's coal-mines at Borrowston ness. The speculation was 365 1 | created the modern world.~Boswell relates how he once visited 366 9 | under the title of " The Botanic Garden," in which he celebrated 367 6 | Boulton regarded as essential. Boult on very rightly mistrusted 368 1 | run its course the nation bounded from her bed in the robustest 369 5 | his friends. Its ceaseless bounding energy rattled the frail 370 7 | rence at thy name shall bow, Thou fam'd creator of the 371 1 | have shifted to the more bracing climate north of the Tweed. 372 7 | firm in 1777. He was a big brawny Scot, of immense industry 373 3 | mysteries of the craft was a breach of the letter of the law 374 3 | Master who was prepared to break the rules. The fact that 375 7 | practically accused Boulton of breaking their agreement, forgetting 376 2 | hours by himself until the breath of the hillside had purged 377 2 | family listen to him with breathless attention; hour after hour 378 7 | and court the southern breeze, Genius and worth with Boulton 379 6 | allow me to advise my brethren to make excellence rather 380 8 | was much pleased with the brew-house, which is immense." Shortly 381 8 | George III at Whitbread's brewery " His Majesty," he says, " 382 1 | metals and of building with brick and stone, the loom and 383 3 | the Grammar School, the Bridewell, the Theatre, the Courts 384 9 | invention when he died.~This brief narrative, concerned, as 385 App| claims. The result may be briefly summarised.~It is necessary 386 6 | Here sparkling chains in bright confusion lie, Chains not 387 5 | spirits. The future seemed brighter now that he had Roebuck 388 5 | The Stock Exchange did a brisk business, small private 389 5 | birthrate. The commercial world bristles with devices for bringing 390 6 | selling his engines in Great Britain and her colonies should 391 3 | popular new song, " Rule Britannia ! " the British fleet had 392 3 | still proclaiming that " Britons never, never, never will 393 2 | their living. Her death broke up the family life at Greenock. 394 9 | old, are old . . ." RUPERT BROOBE.~ ~WHEN he retired from 395 7 | all began with a J. His brothers were called Jesse and Jethro), 396 2 | sensitive nature might have been bruised, and his tastes forced into 397 4 | raising water, mostly by buckets working over wheels and 398 8 | against a man of the name of Bull, who had been employed by 399 4 | engine to " dis charge iron bullets to a great distance, to 400 9 | business correspondence a very burdensome one. Any office under Boulton' 401 8 | from morning to night with Burgundy and undeserved praise," 402 App| covered all gases that will burn, including hydrogen. The 403 App| was given off when they burned. Air deprived of its phlogiston, " 404 8 | thoughts that they were burning to deliver on the subject 405 App| when inflammable air is burnt in ordinary air, water is 406 7 | was to drive the miners to burrow ever more deeply into the 407 4 | by high-pressure steam. Bursts and leakages were common, 408 7 | at least a dozen in the bush; it was quite enough for 409 8 | by the consumption of a bushel of coal, and it is known 410 9 | extremely sorry that W. M. still busies himself with the steam-carriage. 411 3 | this kind. They ran their businesses as they thought best, advanced 412 5 | contrary to my disposition than bustling and bargaining with mankind: 413 9 | London to copy, " small busts of Socrates and Aristotle, 414 6 | wage war. ." As I am an old buttonmaker," he said, " allow me to 415 8 | of persuading people to buy who had never used an engine 416 7 | cases of the kind, if the buyer gets in default for any 417 9 | other inventors, so that buyers could no longer feel certain 418 3 | manned in a hurry for Admiral Byng to take out, to disgrace 419 9 | he had been coeval with Cadmus; another, a celebrated critic 420 8 | of being involved in the calamity. He wrote to Boulton, who 421 4 | his model. He could now calculate what volume of steam was 422 5 | full of confidence. He had calculated the capacities of his engine 423 7 | second time." It sounds a calculating and unromantic affair, and 424 2 | down the results of his calculations. The visitor questioned 425 5 | following the line of the famous Caledonian Canal afterwards built by 426 3 | Edinburgh, he was not the same calibre as Black. But he had great 427 8 | like flies; their printed calicoes cover the whole earth, and 428 5 | so no longer; my family calls for my care to provide for 429 6 | those " swords, heads of canes, snuff-boxes and other fine 430 1 | of London wearing the red cap of Liberty, but as he was 431 5 | confidence. He had calculated the capacities of his engine as compared 432 9 | certainly hastened the growth of capitalism, but it did not create " 433 2 | models of pulleys, pumps, capstans, a barrel-organ and a crane, 434 1 | example he tried to turn the captain of industry into a scientist 435 9 | tilleries. By 1820 it had captured the cotton industry, and 436 9 | barge, or drive the rapid car; Or on wide-waving wings 437 6 | he watched over him and cared for him as a nurse watches 438 5 | After more than a year's careful consideration, Roebuck decided 439 9 | valued his release from the cares that vex a man of business, 440 3 | before she returned with her cargo from the West some new hive 441 5 | frightfullest of all masters." CARLYLE.~ ~WATT came home jubilant 442 2 | find a complete outfit of carpenter's tools, and could watch 443 8 | horses given to the dogs for carrion. I have had serious thoughts 444 9 | were converted barns and cartsheds, dirty, dangerous and unventilated. 445 8 | blackguard of the name of Cartwright (who was afterwards hanged), 446 9 | block of material to be carved, altering the scale as desired.~ 447 7 | pay what is owing. In most cases of the kind, if the buyer 448 3 | started with a stock and cash worth £200, and about five 449 6 | hath bought a pair of cassolets, a Titus, a Venus clock, 450 7 | better than Carron, and the castings were found to be " unsound, 451 4 | the cylinder was made of castiron; in the model it was of 452 6 | toys ! Th' elastic buckle casts a silver ray, And the gilt 453 2 | rises from the spout, and catching and connecting the drops 454 4 | and drive it spinning as a catherine-wheel is driven. Or make a hollow 455 7 | s financial position was causing him much anxiety. His outlay 456 8 | the cotton industry.~The cautious mind of Watt was scornfully 457 5 | well as to his friends. Its ceaseless bounding energy rattled 458 3 | walls men and machines were ceaselessly toiling under the eye of 459 9 | Revolution who held a dinner to celebrate the anniversary of the fall 460 1 | geographical machine, containing a celestial and terrestrial globe, to 461 6 | execute the invention 20 per cent. cheaper than it would be 462 9 | celebrated it by holding a Centenary Exhibition. For this purpose 463 7 | was " opened " with great ceremony in March 1776. The trial 464 6 | petulant and irritable, chafing under discomforts that were 465 8 | be attached by a flexible chain. But in the doubleacting 466 5 | four days." But he remained chained to his workshop, wearing 467 9 | his master sitting in his chair, with his plate on his knees, 468 9 | not use my engine to drive chaises, he can't drive them by 469 2 | the hearth with a piece of chalk. " Mr. Watt," said he, " 470 1 | Nation in Europe. EDWARD CHAMBERLAYNE.. 1669.~" Before or about 471 9 | controversialist, and a champion of political liberty. He 472 6 | mothering a cuckoo, and no champions of religious persecution, 473 9 | statue of him wasexecuted by Chantrey and placed in Westminster 474 7 | value of the invention by charging a rent for the use of the 475 4 | classed among those brilliant charlatans who never lack a train of 476 9 | Symington who built the Charlotte Degas, the first steam boat 477 8 | name as a mechanic." Its charm was universal, and the following 478 7 | is now at my house, and a charming woman she is."~Of Watt's 479 1 | India Company, received its charter in I600~~ and the first 480 1 | of to-morrow in the giddy chase of the righteous after the 481 7 | coal. Where coal was very cheap that saving was not enough 482 6 | make excellence rather than cheapness their principle of rivalry." 483 4 | before him. Even now he soon checked his hasty enthusiasm and 484 8 | desperately for some means of checking the rot in their fortunes; 485 5 | thinner bottom," he writes cheerfully in February. And ten days 486 9 | way of copying writing chemically." It was not a complicated 487 9 | a brilliant and original chemist, an enthusiastic religious 488 App| from metals."~In 1776 two chemists, Warltire and Macquer, independently 489 8 | but a crime, a kind of child-murder. It was a crime that he 490 2 | through the veil of his childishness. " He was thought rather 491 9 | propeller poised over the chimney and spun by the rising heated 492 1 | East, and " the Emperor of China rewards the husbandman who 493 2 | showed signs even then of the chronic illhealth that was going 494 1 | book whose already enormous circulation was increased by the Government' 495 5 | made a model, almost every circumstance that has since occurred.... 496 5 | the jargon of valves and cisterns. Sometimes he felt he had 497 1 | we owe our houses and our cities, our roads and our railways, 498 1 | the blessings of British civilization and of the unshakable British 499 4 | the aid of fire.~The next claimant to a place on the roll of 500 7 | future experiments, without claiming interest on his money. He