Chapter

 1 Pref|       artery beating beyond the ligature." I have never performed
 2 Pref|         in the vessel without a ligature; and I cannot doubt but
 3 X   |    perceive a space between the ligature and the heart speedily to
 4 XI  |       or of medium tightness. A ligature I designate as tight or
 5 XI  |     pulsating beyond it. Such a ligature we use in amputations to
 6 XI  |     heat being prevented by the ligature, we see the testes and large
 7 XI  |      artery beyond them. Such a ligature is in use in blood-letting,
 8 XI  |        such circumstances let a ligature be thrown about the extremity,
 9 XI  |       perceived that beyond the ligature, neither in the wrist nor
10 XI  |      that immediately above the ligature the artery begins to rise
11 XI  |         is said, by this medium ligature, without pain, or heat,
12 XI  |    experiment is made, when the ligature is slackened, is distinctly
13 XI  |        connexion with the tight ligature, that the artery above the
14 XI  |       when the moderately tight ligature is applied; but where they
15 XI  |       pulsate, as, when a tight ligature is used, they cease from
16 XI  |        above the part where the ligature is applied. The veins again
17 XI  |        which is, that below the ligature they are much more tumid
18 XI  |        plainly appears that the ligature prevents the return of the
19 XI  |         to the parts beyond the ligature. And herein consists the
20 XI  |        the tight and the medium ligature, that the former not only
21 XI  |       that the moderately tight ligature renders the veins turgid
22 XI  |      blood accumulate below the ligature coming through the veins,
23 XI  |    towards the heart unless the ligature be removed; when this is
24 XI  |         see the veins below the ligature instantly swell up and become
25 XI  |         whilst under the medium ligature applied above the elbow;
26 XI  |      demonstrable.~Besides, the ligature is competent to occasion
27 XI  | attraction or afflux, above the ligature? But this is the obvious
28 XI  |         phlebotomy we apply our ligature above the part that is punctured,
29 XI  |    these last is opposed by the ligature, so do they fill and swell,
30 XI  |     suddenly punctured; but the ligature being slackened, and the
31 XII | contained in the arm beyond the ligature, and before the puncture
32 XII |      urged with force below the ligature; for it escapes with force,
33 XII |        into the parts below the ligature through the arteries, not
34 XII |       be drawn from one vein (a ligature having been duly applied),
35 XII |     pulsations under the medium ligature, we shall have some grounds
36 XII |   cannot make its way under the ligature; and farther, owing to the