Chapter

  1 Ded |            Illustrious Prince!~The heart of animals is the foundation
  2 Ded |          the world around him, the heart of the republic, the fountain
  3 Ded |      written of the motions of the heart I am the more emboldened
  4 Ded |           after the pattern of the heart. The knowledge of his heart,
  5 Ded |        heart. The knowledge of his heart, therefore, will not be
  6 Ded |             my new Treatise on the Heart; you, who are yourself the
  7 Ded |           age, and indeed its very heart; a Prince abounding in virtue
  8 Ded |         motion and function of the heart, in my anatomical lectures;
  9 Pref|             action, and use of the heart and arteries, it is imperative
 10 Pref|            as the pulsation of the heart and arteries does not suffice
 11 Pref|          fashioned to surround the heart. From this it appears that
 12 Pref|            or on the motion of the heart and arteries, has been said
 13 Pref|     structure and movements of the heart differ from those of the
 14 Pref|         pulsations and uses of the heart, likewise of the arteries,
 15 Pref|            to carry blood from the heart into the whole of the body,
 16 Pref|     distribution of which from the heart they are provided. This
 17 Pref|          said to be drawn from the heart into the arteries by the
 18 Pref|          property extends from the heart by the walls of the arteries,
 19 Pref|       proceeds along them from the heart. For in several animals
 20 Pref|           offices and pulse of the heart, perhaps, less bound up
 21 Pref|     inextricable difficulties. The heart, it is vulgarly said, is
 22 Pref|           and right sinuses of the heart, and in like manner sends
 23 Pref|        supervening diastole of the heart? Above all, how can they
 24 Pref|      vapours escape by it from the heart into the lungs; and that
 25 Pref|         air proceeding towards the heart - are transmitted by the
 26 Pref|          the left ventricle of the heart. But did the heart either
 27 Pref|          of the heart. But did the heart either attract air from
 28 Pref|            transmit any air to the heart, in the living dog, much
 29 Pref|          air from the lungs to the heart, is held of such importance,
 30 Pref|          through the septum of the heart from the right to the left
 31 Pref|    porosities in the septum of the heart adapted for the transmission
 32 Pref|       exist. For the septum of the heart is of a denser and more
 33 Pref|         most compact septum of the heart, rather than take that by
 34 Pref|            to the left side of the heart by the foramen ovale, from
 35 Pref|          the left ventricle of the heart and arteries. He quotes
 36 Pref|          the left ventricle of the heart and cavity of thorax plenty
 37 Pref|          the left ventricle of the heart by the very same route.~[
 38 Pref|         motion and function of the heart and arteries must appear
 39 Pref|      contemplate the motion of the heart and arteries, not only in
 40 I   |            motions and uses of the heart, and sought to discover
 41 I   |             that the motion of the heart was only to be comprehended
 42 I   |     written that the motion of the heart was as perplexing as the
 43 I   |          motion and the use of the heart and arteries. From that
 44 I   |         special work, has left the heart alone untouched. Finally,
 45 I   |        found with reference to the heart at this time; or others,
 46 II  |          II: On The Motions Of The Heart~(As Seen In The Dissection
 47 II  |          immediately surrounds the heart is slit up or removed, the
 48 II  |         attentively noted when the heart begins to flag, to move
 49 II  |            pause, as in death, the heart is soft, flaccid, exhausted,
 50 II  |           to be noted:~1. That the heart is erected, and rises upwards
 51 II  |           more drawn together. The heart of an eel taken out of the
 52 II  |       conical or elongated.~3. The heart being grasped in the hand,
 53 II  |           serpents, etc., that the heart, when it moves, becomes
 54 II  |          me that the motion of the heart consists in a certain universal
 55 II  |         and in the same manner the heart.~We are therefore authorized
 56 II  |    authorized to conclude that the heart, at the moment of its action,
 57 II  |        which we have seen that the heart, by squeezing out the blood
 58 II  |       motion or pulsation when the heart is tense.~These things,
 59 II  |        instant: the tension of the heart, the pulse of its apex,
 60 II  |   generally believed that when the heart strikes the breast and the
 61 II  |         pulse is felt without, the heart is dilated in its ventricles
 62 II  |          this is the fact, and the heart, when it contracts (and
 63 II  |    regarded as the diastole of the heart, is in truth its systole.
 64 II  |            intrinsic motion of the heart is not the diastole but
 65 II  |           in the diastole that the heart grows firm and tense, but
 66 II  |       means to be allowed that the heart only moves in the lines
 67 II  |        fibres is to constringe the heart at the same time they render
 68 II  |           to make the walls of the heart bulge out in circles, but
 69 II  |        fibres (the parietes of the heart containing only circular
 70 II  |        vulgarly believed, that the heart by any dilatation or motion
 71 III |            with the motions of the heart these things are further
 72 III |     arteries.~1. At the moment the heart contracts, and when the
 73 III |        vessel which leads from the heart to the gills be divided,
 74 III |             at the moment when the heart becomes tense and contracted,
 75 III |           and to the time when the heart contracts and strikes the
 76 III |   corresponds with the time of the heart's systole; and that the
 77 III |        tension is the pulse of the heart, fuller, stronger, and more
 78 III |           volume, and order of the heart's contractions. Nor is it
 79 III |       which the contraction of the heart takes place, and that at
 80 III |           they all depend upon the heart; and, as it is always in
 81 III |            with each stroke of the heart; the connexion of parts
 82 IV  |           IV: Of The Motion Of The Heart And Its Auricles~(As Seen
 83 IV  |         watch the movements of the heart in the vivisection of an
 84 IV  |    auricles preceding, that of the heart following; the motion appearing
 85 IV  |          becoming languid, and the heart is dying, as also in fishes
 86 IV  |           two motions, so that the heart aroused, as it were, appears
 87 IV  |         than actually to move. The heart, therefore, ceases to pulsate
 88 IV  |          right auricle. Whilst the heart is gradually dying, it is
 89 IV  |           be noted, that after the heart has ceased to beat, the
 90 IV  |        pulsating, the point of the heart be cut off with a pair of
 91 IV  |    attraction or dilatation of the heart, but by being thrown into
 92 IV  |          then and subsequently the heart itself contracts. When the
 93 IV  |         and the contraction of the heart or ventricle following afterwards.~
 94 IV  |            opposite character: the heart of an eel, of several fishes,
 95 IV  |          creatures the body of the heart may be seen pulsating and
 96 IV  |            one occasion, after the heart had wholly ceased to pulsate,
 97 IV  |          for a short time upon the heart, and observed that under
 98 IV  |   occasionally observed, after the heart and even its right auricle
 99 IV  |     fashioned, the auricles of the heart are formed, which pulsating
100 IV  |            ventricular part of the heart also produced, but it continues
101 IV  |           similar condition of the heart in the human foetus about
102 IV  |            of the third month, the heart then being whitish and bloodless,
103 IV  |         had increased in size, the heart too increased and acquired
104 IV  |         will not conclude that the heart, as a whole, is the primum
105 IV  |        which both lives before the heart and dies after it.~Nay,
106 IV  |      palpitation or beating of the heart. The seminal fluid of all
107 IV  |           all animals have truly a heart, not the larger creatures
108 IV  |            the tail, both seen the heart pulsating myself, and shown
109 IV  |            pale-blooded tribes the heart pulsates sluggishly and
110 IV  |           seen in the snail, whose heart will be found at the bottom
111 IV  |           all animals which have a heart have also auricles, or something
112 IV  |         further, that whenever the heart has a double ventricle,
113 IV  |            some progress, that the heart is fashioned; even so in
114 IV  |       observing the motions of the heart with the greatest distinctness,
115 IV  |      obstacle to our view, but the heart being perceived as though
116 V   |           Action And Office Of The Heart~From these and other observations
117 V   |       found that the motion of the heart is as follows:~First of
118 V   |           which, being filled, the heart raises itself straightway,
119 V   |          motions and action of the heart, which constitute a kind
120 V   |           watch the motions of the heart in the body of a living
121 V   |          have mentioned, viz., the heart becoming erect, and making
122 V   |            with each motion of the heart, when there is the delivery
123 V   |           chest.~The motion of the heart, then, is entirely of this
124 V   |          and the one action of the heart is the transmission of the
125 V   |         the blood derived from the heart.~Whether or not the heart,
126 V   |          heart.~Whether or not the heart, besides propelling the
127 V   |          that by the action of the heart the blood is transfused
128 V   |          from the structure of the heart and the arrangement and
129 V   |     intimate connexion between the heart and the lungs. When men
130 V   |          thence transferred to the heart to receive its proper form
131 V   |  absolutely perfect blood from the heart, and distributes it as the
132 V   |        transmit the blood from the heart to the body at large!~[Footnote
133 V   |     distributes the blood from the heart to the rest of the body,
134 V   |          takes its origin from the heart; that all these vessels
135 V   |       return of the blood into the heart, and that nature never connected
136 V   |            of perfection, from the heart for distribution to all
137 V   |     intimate connexion between the heart and the lungs? And that
138 V   |          through the septum of the heart. But this fancy I have already
139 V   |         regard to the pulse of the heart and arteries, viz., the
140 VI  |          The Left Ventricle Of The Heart)~Since the intimate connexion
141 VI  |          intimate connexion of the heart with the lungs, which is
142 VI  |            in fishes, in which the heart consists of but a single
143 VI  |        situated at the base of the heart, and is the part analogous
144 VI  |          forces the blood into the heart, and the heart, in its turn,
145 VI  |            into the heart, and the heart, in its turn, conspicuously
146 VI  |           by each pulsation of the heart.~The same thing is also
147 VI  |            single ventricle to the heart, such as toads, frogs, serpents,
148 VI  |         viz., by the action of the heart; the way, in fact, is patent,
149 VI  |         man were the septum of his heart perforated or removed, or
150 VI  |         sinuses or cavities of the heart into the arteries.~I have,
151 VI  |           vessels belonging to the heart, viz., the vena cava, the
152 VI  |         the right ventricle of the heart, or gives off the coronary
153 VI  |            access to the lungs and heart, yielding a passage to the
154 VI  |            the left auricle of the heart; and having once entered
155 VI  |         the right ventricle of the heart. It is as if to the two
156 VI  |          appear springing from the heart. This canal shrinks gradually
157 VI  |           to believe that when the heart contracts, the blood is
158 VI  |          to the assertion that the heart in the embryo does not pulsate,
159 VI  |         the uterus, shows that the heart moves in them precisely
160 VI  |           very constitution of the heart, and appears from the beginning
161 VI  |          the left ventricle of the heart; and I own that when I met
162 VI  |          happens, namely, that the heart by its motion propels the
163 VI  |          the two ventricles of the heart as if they formed but one,
164 VI  |        case of the foetus that the heart by its action transfers
165 VI  |           of the blood through the heart are conspicuous. Bur we
166 VI  |          the left ventricle of the heart and pulmonary veins from
167 VI  |          the use and motion of the heart, and be charged with speaking
168 VI  |         the right ventricle of the heart by the pulmonary artery,
169 VI  |          the left ventricle of the heart. And, first, I shall show
170 VII |         The Right Ventricle Of The Heart Into The Pulmonary Veins
171 VII |          the left ventricle of the heart, and from thence into the
172 VII |         ceaseless pulsation of the heart and the motion of the lungs
173 VII |   returning into the cavity of the heart. Now Galen, explaining the
174 VII |      liberty to flow back into the heart through the great orifice
175 VII |           drawing matters from the heart, and preventing their return,
176 VII |           drawing matters into the heart, and preventing their escape
177 VII |           intended to distress the heart with needless labour, neither
178 VII |          covering implanted in the heart, and another which is double,
179 VII |           of the right side of the heart, but I extend his observations
180 VII |         from the veins through the heart into the arteries. From
181 VII |          both by the pulses of the heart and by the motions of the
182 VII |         lungs and thorax; that the heart, moreover, is incessantly
183 VII |           was required, and so the heart might be oppressed with
184 VII |         the right ventricle of the heart, and is continually passed
185 VII |      although one ventricle of the heart, the left to wit, would
186 VII |          from the ventricle of the heart, that either the brain,
187 VII |     structure, or the flesh of the heart itself, which is more suitably
188 VIII|          Blood Passing Through The Heart~(From The Veins To The Arteries;
189 VIII|   distributed by the action of the heart; points to which some, moved
190 VIII|           of the ventricles of the heart and the vessels that enter
191 VIII|          of the other parts of the heart in general, with many things
192 VIII|           to the right side of the heart, I began to think whether
193 VIII|      returns to its sovereign, the heart, as if to its source, or
194 VIII|           motion and action of the heart.~The heart, consequently,
195 VIII|           action of the heart.~The heart, consequently, is the beginning
196 VIII|       might well be designated the heart of the world; for it is
197 VIII|           the world; for it is the heart by whose virtue and pulse
198 VIII|        cause of this motion of the heart.~As the blood-vessels, therefore,
199 VIII|         carries the blood from the heart to the body at large, the
200 VIII|          the general system to the heart; the former is the conduit
201 VIII|         latter the channel to, the heart; the latter contains the
202 IX  |   transmitted by the action of the heart from the vena cava to the
203 IX  |           blood incessantly to the heart from parts and members of
204 IX  |           then returning, from the heart to the extremities, from
205 IX  |        from the extremities to the heart, and thus that it performs
206 IX  |          the left ventricle of the heart will contain when distended,
207 IX  |          further how much less the heart will hold in the contracted
208 IX  |          blood as propelled by the heart at each pulse into the aorta;
209 IX  |        course of half an hour, the heart will have made more than
210 IX  |            with each stroke of the heart, sent from this organ into
211 IX  |            with each stroke of the heart, in one half-hour we should
212 IX  |          blood passing through the heart, from the veins to the arteries,
213 IX  |           blood passes through the heart in consequence of its action,
214 IX  |         can it be allowed that the heart in contracting sometimes
215 IX  |           of the dilatation of the heart that its ventricles become
216 IX  |            with each stroke of the heart, the capacity of the ventricle
217 IX  |          that if at one stroke the heart of man, the ox, or the sheep,
218 IX  |     expelled at each stroke of the heart, and the circumstances under
219 IX  |           to be passed through the heart and the lungs with each
220 IX  |           transmission through the heart, as we have already seen;
221 IX  |            tied at the base of the heart, and the carotid or any
222 IX  |         save through the lungs and heart, when an animal has ceased
223 IX  |          the left ventricle of the heart; just as we have already
224 IX  |  porosities and apertures. But the heart not ceasing to act at the
225 IX  |          states of alarm, when the heart beats more languidly and
226 IX  |         that after death, when the heart has ceased to beat, it is
227 IX  |            and stunned, before the heart had ceased beating.~Finally,
228 X   |           may be answered that the heart by computation does as much
229 X   |     appears that by so much as the heart in its dilated state contains,
230 X   |           veins some way below the heart you will perceive a space
231 X   |       between the ligature and the heart speedily to become empty;
232 X   |         return of the blood to the heart. The same thing will also
233 X   |            snake be laid open, the heart will be seen pulsating quietly,
234 X   |           the vena cava enters the heart at its lower part, the artery
235 X   |           for some space below the heart interrupted, you will perceive
236 X   |        between the fingers and the heart almost immediately to become
237 X   |     exhausted by the action of the heart; at the same time the heart
238 X   |        heart; at the same time the heart will become of a much paler
239 X   |         colour and the size of the heart are restored.~If, on the
240 X   |       between the obstacle and the heart, and the heart itself, to
241 X   |    obstacle and the heart, and the heart itself, to become inordinately
242 X   |          with your own eyes in the heart.~~
243 XI  |        carrying the blood from the heart, and the veins the returning
244 XI  |       channels of the blood to the heart; that in the limbs and extreme
245 XI  |           force and impulse of the heart, send on the blood from
246 XI  |       cannot be forced towards the heart unless the ligature be removed;
247 XI  |        blood rising upwards to the heart was the cause of the fainting
248 XI  |           the forcing power of the heart, by which the parts are
249 XII |           of the blood through the heart will also be confirmed.
250 XII |         the pulse and power of the heart; for the force and motion
251 XII |         blood are derived from the heart alone. Second, that the
252 XII |           afflux proceeds from the heart, and through the heart by
253 XII |         the heart, and through the heart by a course from the great
254 XII |          the left ventricle of the heart. Nor could so large a quantity
255 XII |         the impelling power of the heart.~But if all things be as
256 XII |            great veins through the heart into the aorta. And further,
257 XII |        lungs and ventricles of the heart, and must have come from
258 XII |           supervenes, in which the heart always pulsates more languidly,
259 XII |           the weaker action of the heart, and its diminished impelling
260 XII |           languishing state of the heart, the blood is not transferred
261 XIII|          blood passing through the heart and the lungs in the centre
262 XIII|          finds its way back to the heart from the extremities by
263 XIII|            towards the seat of the heart. I, and indeed others, have
264 XIII|       motion of the blood from the heart and vena cava, whether it
265 XIII|      remote parts, and towards the heart, moving in these vessels
266 XIII|         the blood returning to the heart, so are they effectually
267 XIII|           of distribution from the heart.~But this other circumstance
268 XIV |      passes through the lungs, and heart by the force of the ventricles,
269 XIV |           and right auricle of the heart, and this in such a quantity
270 XIV |          act or function which the heart performs by means of its
271 XIV |      motion and contraction of the heart.~~
272 XV  |          may depend. Now, that the heart is this place, that the
273 XV  |            is this place, that the heart is the principle of life,
274 XV  |         should return again to the heart; for sent to the external
275 XV  |         their contents? Unless the heart were truly that fountain
276 XV  |            Hence it is that if the heart be unaffected, life and
277 XV  |            of the body; but if the heart be chilled, or smitten with
278 XV  |           influence extends to the heart, and there induces change
279 XV  |     members. Now this place is the heart, for it is the only organ
280 XV  |     private advantage, just as the heart also has a supply for its
281 XV  |          is of the store which the heart contains in its auricles
282 XV  |        that I here speak. Then the heart is the only organ which
283 XV  |      artery which supplies it, the heart serving as a magazine or
284 XV  |    impeller or forcer, such as the heart, was required to effect
285 XV  |   impelling power. Now such is the heart and the heart alone, and
286 XV  |          such is the heart and the heart alone, and that in the way
287 XVI |            current of blood to the heart, and by that organ is sent
288 XVI |         morbific cause seeking the heart in the first instance, and
289 XVI |    instance, and hanging about the heart and lungs, renders the patient
290 XVI |  preternatural heat kindled in the heart is thence diffused by the
291 XVI |       prematurely and crude at the heart, it should oppress the vital
292 XVI |         and flows at once into the heart, mingled with the natural
293 XVI |            all the parts, like the heart itself in the beginning,
294 XVI |          and going straight to the heart; another from the yelk,
295 XVI |           special reference to the heart, such as wherefore does
296 XVI |     thither, the end for which the heart appears to be made? In the
297 XVI |           in the dissection of the heart and arteries to their several
298 XVII|            In The Structure Of The Heart, And From Those Things Which
299 XVII|         Unfolds)~I do not find the heart as a distinct and separate
300 XVII|          as the zoophytes, have no heart; this is because these animals
301 XVII|       their species. These have no heart, as not requiring any impeller
302 XVII|           or plant-animals have no heart, for the whole body is used
303 XVII|            whole body is used as a heart, or the whole animal is
304 XVII|           or the whole animal is a heart. In a great number of animals, -
305 XVII|       vesicle or auricle without a heart, - slowly, indeed, and not
306 XVII|           the same kind there is a heart present, furnished with
307 XVII|    sanguineous animal is without a heart, by the impelling power
308 XVII|          stronger, and more fleshy heart, in order that the nutritive
309 XVII|          the principal part of the heart; situated in the middle,
310 XVII| constructed with greater care, the heart seems formed for the sake
311 XVII|         reaches to the apex of the heart nor is it nearly of such
312 XVII|           of the left, so that the heart presents itself as a sort
313 XVII|           the left cavities of the heart, it flows by the foramen
314 XVII|          are, moreover, within the heart numerous braces, in the
315 XVII|           and supplementary to the heart, assisting it to execute
316 XVII|       ropes in a ship, bracing the heart on every side as it contracts,
317 XVII|        which the ventricles of the heart are smooth within and entirely
318 XVII|       general opinion, neither the heart nor anything else can dilate
319 XVII|          those little bands in the heart nerves.~[Footnote 2: In
320 XVII|         more dense and compact the heart, the thicker its parietes,
321 XVII|    suspended or to float above the heart. In those fishes in which
322 XVII|      strength the ventricle of the heart in other subjects; and I
323 XVII|        they are present before the heart makes its appearance or
324 XVII|        were, the duty of the whole heart committed to them, as has
325 XVII|        above which the body of the heart begins to sprout, though
326 XVII|          place, then it also has a heart which pulsates, and, as
327 XVII|          vain, has neither given a heart where it was not required,
328 XVII|          the action and use of the heart from the arrangement of
329 XVII|         Galen that the body of the heart is made up of various courses
330 XVII|           to one another; but in a heart which has been boiled, the
331 XVII|           into a globe - the whole heart, in short, is contracted
332 XVII|           to the importance of the heart, or to question if it receives
333 XVII|             to the effect that the heart is the first part which
334 XVII|          perform any function. The heart, ready furnished with its
335 XVII|     authority, rules over all, the heart is the source and foundation
336 XVII|         the shock of the impelling heart and streaming blood. Hence,
337 XVII|            the arteries are to the heart, the more do they differ
338 XVII|           the vessels are from the heart, with so much the less force
339 XVII|     distended by the stroke of the heart, which is broken by the
340 XVII|            that the impulse of the heart exerted upon the mass of
341 XVII|         and never except where the heart beats more violently than
342 XVII|           the other hand, when the heart pulsates more languidly,
343 XVII|         the right ventricle of the heart are weaker and thinner than
344 XVII|            last perfection, in the heart and lungs. Why, in the same
345 XVII|       passing from one side of the heart to the other through the