Book,  Chapter

  1      I,  III  |             quarrels, and other mean qualities attributed by them to their
  2     II,  I    |         those which we call sensible qualities; which when I say the senses
  3     II,  I    |           with the ideas of sensible qualities, which are all those different
  4     II,  I    |              of obvious and familiar qualities imprint themselves before
  5     II,  I    |             late before some unusual qualities come in the way, that there
  6     II,  I    |             sounds and some tangible qualities fail not to solicit their
  7     II,  II   |             some complex.~Though the qualities that affect our senses are,
  8     II,  II   |       notions of sounds.~3. Only the qualities that affect the senses are
  9     II,  II   |             man to imagine any other qualities in bodies, howsoever constituted,
 10     II,  II   |         smells, visible and tangible qualities. And had mankind been made
 11     II,  II   |            but with four senses, the qualities then which are the objects
 12     II,  VIII |        motion.~7. Ideas in the mind, qualities in bodies. To discover the
 13     II,  VIII |             us.~8. Our ideas and the qualities of bodies. Whatsoever the
 14     II,  VIII |              in the snowball, I call qualities; and as they are sensations
 15     II,  VIII |             understood to mean those qualities in the objects which produce
 16     II,  VIII |       produce them in us.~9. Primary qualities of bodies. Qualities thus
 17     II,  VIII |         Primary qualities of bodies. Qualities thus considered in bodies
 18     II,  VIII |            it retains still the same qualities; and so divide it on, till
 19     II,  VIII |         still each of them all those qualities. For division (which is
 20     II,  VIII |             call original or primary qualities of body, which I think we
 21     II,  VIII |            and number.~10. Secondary qualities of bodies. Secondly, such
 22     II,  VIII |            of bodies. Secondly, such qualities which in truth are nothing
 23     II,  VIII |    sensations in us by their primary qualities, i.e. by the bulk, figure,
 24     II,  VIII |               These I call secondary qualities. To these might be added
 25     II,  VIII |         though they are as much real qualities in the subject as those
 26     II,  VIII |         common way of speaking, call qualities, but for distinction, secondary
 27     II,  VIII |           for distinction, secondary qualities. For the power in fire to
 28     II,  VIII |              or clay,—by its primary qualities, is as much a quality in
 29     II,  VIII |          before,—by the same primary qualities, viz. the bulk, texture,
 30     II,  VIII |              perceive these original qualities in such of them as singly
 31     II,  VIII |             in us.~13. How secondary qualities produce their ideas. After
 32     II,  VIII |              ideas of these original qualities are produced in us, we may
 33     II,  VIII |          that the ideas of secondary qualities are also produced, viz.
 34     II,  VIII |           They depend on the primary qualities. What I have said concerning
 35     II,  VIII |              other the like sensible qualities; which, whatever reality
 36     II,  VIII |              depend on those primary qualities, viz. bulk, figure, texture,
 37     II,  VIII |           said.~15. Ideas of primary qualities are resemblances; of secondary,
 38     II,  VIII |            that the ideas of primary qualities of bodies are resemblances
 39     II,  VIII |             in us by these secondary qualities have no resemblance of them
 40     II,  VIII |            they produce in us. Which qualities are commonly thought to
 41     II,  VIII |              they may be called real qualities, because they really exist
 42     II,  VIII |           the difference between the qualities in bodies, and the ideas
 43     II,  VIII |     distinguish the primary and real qualities of bodies, which are always
 44     II,  VIII |          those secondary and imputed qualities, which are but the powers
 45     II,  VIII |             them.~23. Three sorts of qualities in bodies. The qualities,
 46     II,  VIII |             qualities in bodies. The qualities, then, that are in bodies,
 47     II,  VIII |         things. These I call primary qualities.~Secondly, The power that
 48     II,  VIII |            of its insensible primary qualities, to operate after a peculiar
 49     II,  VIII |              usually called sensible qualities.~Thirdly, The power that
 50     II,  VIII |          constitution of its primary qualities, to make such a change in
 51     II,  VIII |           real, original, or primary qualities; because they are in the
 52     II,  VIII |             it is that the secondary qualities depend.~The other two are
 53     II,  VIII |       modifications of those primary qualities.~24. The first are resemblances;
 54     II,  VIII |              the two latter sorts of qualities are powers barely, and nothing
 55     II,  VIII |        modifications of the original qualities, yet they are generally
 56     II,  VIII |              are looked upon as real qualities in the things thus affecting
 57     II,  VIII |            are commonly thought real qualities existing in the sun, and
 58     II,  VIII |          produced in the wax, not as qualities in the sun, but effects
 59     II,  VIII |            rightly considered, these qualities of light and warmth, which
 60     II,  VIII |             depending on its primary qualities; whereby it is able, in
 61     II,  VIII |            ordinarily taken for real qualities, and not for bare powers.
 62     II,  VIII |            ordinarily taken for real qualities, and the other only for
 63     II,  VIII |             effects of these primary qualities; which appear not, to our
 64     II,  VIII |    operations of bodies changing the qualities one of another, we plainly
 65     II,  VIII |            or unlikeness of sensible qualities in two different external
 66     II,  VIII |        modification of their primary qualities, with which primary qualities
 67     II,  VIII |        qualities, with which primary qualities the ideas produced in us
 68     II,  VIII |           resemblance.~26. Secondary qualities twofold; first, immediately
 69     II,  VIII |             before-mentioned primary qualities in bodies, viz. bulk, figure,
 70     II,  VIII |           depending on those primary qualities; whereby they are fitted,
 71     II,  VIII |              to change their primary qualities as to render them capable
 72     II,  VIII |              may be called secondary qualities immediately perceivable:
 73     II,  VIII |   perceivable: the latter, secondary qualities, mediately perceivable.  ~
 74     II,  IX   |            happen to be the sensible qualities which first occur to them;
 75     II,  X    |           the help of those sensible qualities which first imprinted them
 76     II,  X    |            which are of the original qualities of bodies, vis. solidity,
 77     II,  XI   |          different objects and their qualities, it would be capable of
 78     II,  XII  |              other ideas of sensible qualities than what come from without
 79     II,  XIII |           visible, and most tangible qualities, that it suffers us to see
 80     II,  XXI  |           more visibly. And sensible qualities, as colours and smells, &
 81     II,  XXI  |             observing their sensible qualities, nay, their very substances,
 82     II,  XXI  |              ideas of their sensible qualities. I shall not enter any further
 83     II,  XXII |            one who made show of good qualities which he had not; or else
 84     II,  XXIII|             not what support of such qualities which are capable of producing
 85     II,  XXIII|            simple ideas in us; which qualities are commonly called accidents.
 86     II,  XXIII|            unknown, support of those qualities we find existing, which
 87     II,  XXIII|       experience. It is the ordinary qualities observable in iron, or a
 88     II,  XXIII|            thing having such or such qualities; as body is a thing that
 89     II,  XXIII|            to draw iron, we say, are qualities to be found in a loadstone.
 90     II,  XXIII|             simple ideas of sensible qualities, which we used to find united
 91     II,  XXIII|          wherein those many sensible qualities which affect our senses
 92     II,  XXIII|             barely of those sensible qualities, which he supposes to inhere;
 93     II,  XXIII|             were, a support to those qualities or simple ideas, which he
 94     II,  XXIII|             observing those sensible qualities, ideas, or properties, which
 95     II,  XXIII|             powers pass for inherent qualities in those subjects. Because
 96     II,  XXIII|              to change some sensible qualities in other subjects, as it
 97     II,  XXIII|          does, by those new sensible qualities introduced into other subjects,
 98     II,  XXIII|            regularly as its sensible qualities do it immediately: v.g.
 99     II,  XXIII|             upon to be a part of the qualities of fire, and so make them
100     II,  XXIII|          alteration of some sensible qualities in those subjects on which
101     II,  XXIII|    substances; since their secondary qualities are those which in most
102     II,  XXIII|          make use of their secondary qualities as the characteristical
103     II,  XXIII|         another: all which secondary qualities, as has been shown, are
104     II,  XXIII|             depending on its primary qualities, whereby it is fitted to
105     II,  XXIII|             the ideas of the primary qualities of things, which are discovered
106     II,  XXIII|               the sensible secondary qualities, which, depending on these,
107     II,  XXIII|          such alterations of primary qualities, as that the substance so
108     II,  XXIII|         white.~11. The now secondary qualities of bodies would disappear,
109     II,  XXIII|              on which their sensible qualities depend, I doubt not but
110     II,  XXIII|       faculties for discovery of the qualities and powers of substances
111     II,  XXIII|            do with by those sensible qualities others do. He that was sharp-sighted
112     II,  XXIII|        whereon depend those sensible qualities we now observe in them,
113     II,  XXIII|               and all other sensible qualities, which is all that we know
114     II,  XXIII|            with matter, and the many qualities men assure themselves they
115     II,  XXIII|           unknown to us. Two primary qualities or properties of body, viz.
116     II,  XXIII|          clear ideas, of two primary qualities or properties of spirit,
117     II,  XXIII|            also the ideas of several qualities inherent in bodies, and
118     II,  XXIII|        distinct ideas of them; which qualities are but the various modifications
119     II,  XXIII|      happiness; and of several other qualities and powers, which it is
120     II,  XXIII|            perfectly; i.e. all their qualities, powers, causes, consequences,
121     II,  XXIII|            to take them for positive qualities; v.g. the greatest part
122     II,  XXIII|            on those real and primary qualities of its internal constitution,
123     II,  XXVI |             several particular, both qualities and substances, begin to
124     II,  XXX  |               in all but the primary qualities of bodies, hath been already
125     II,  XXX  |           whereby we distinguish the qualities that are really in things
126     II,  XXXI |             and therefore are called qualities in or of the fire. But these
127     II,  XXXI |            when I speak of secondary qualities as being in things; or of
128     II,  XXXI |             exist, by ideas of those qualities that are discoverable in
129     II,  XXXI |               on which all the other qualities that are to be found in
130     II,  XXXI |          gold; and from whence those qualities flow which I find in it,
131     II,  XXXI |         constitution, on which these qualities depend, can be nothing but
132     II,  XXXI |       together of parts, whereby the qualities above mentioned are produced;
133     II,  XXXI |        mentioned are produced; which qualities I find in that particular
134     II,  XXXI |              as collections of their qualities, are all inadequate. Secondly,
135     II,  XXXI |              ideas of those sensible qualities which are found coexisting
136     II,  XXXI |            archetypes. Because those qualities and powers of substances,
137     II,  XXXI |             only by collecting their qualities, are all inadequate. So
138     II,  XXXI |      collection of all the secondary qualities or powers of any substance,
139     II,  XXXI |             For, since the powers or qualities that are observable by us
140     II,  XXXI |       collection whatsoever of these qualities cannot be the real essence
141     II,  XXXII|             some remarkable sensible qualities, serving ordinarily to distinguish
142     II,  XXXII|           from those other ideas, or qualities, of that body as they are
143    III,  II   |            words the signs either of qualities in things, or of conceptions
144    III,  II   |     substance. Another adds to those qualities fusibility: and then the
145    III,  II   |              in all obvious sensible qualities, and in all substances that
146    III,  III  |             shape, and several other qualities, resemble their father and
147    III,  III  |          that name, have yet certain qualities wherein they agree with
148    III,  III  |              by retaining only those qualities, and uniting them into one
149    III,  III  |           whereon their discoverable qualities depend, may be called their
150    III,  III  |            which flow those sensible qualities which serve us to distinguish
151    III,  III  |             what has a conformity of qualities to that abstract complex
152    III,  IV   |         tastes, smells, and tangible qualities, with distinction from extension,
153    III,  VI   |            that body, on which those qualities and all the other properties
154    III,  VI   |              foundation of all those qualities which are the ingredients
155    III,  VI   |            thing has not in it those qualities which are contained in the
156    III,  VI   |      individual substances are those qualities which entitle them to receive
157    III,  VI   |        matter that had all the other qualities that are in iron, but wanted
158    III,  VI   |              found to have all their qualities equally essential; and everything
159    III,  VI   |             of matter on which these qualities and their union depend;
160    III,  VI   |         matter to which any of these qualities are so annexed as to be
161    III,  VI   |             of one species, have yet qualities, depending on their real
162    III,  VI   |              vain, seek for the same qualities in one parcel of sulphur,
163    III,  VI   |          ways of examination, betray qualities so different one from another,
164    III,  VI   |        constitution from which those qualities flow, than, as I said, a
165    III,  VI   |              reason of the different qualities we find in them. It is evident
166    III,  VI   |             complex idea of sensible qualities that each of those names
167    III,  VI   |    distinguished one from another by qualities which we know and observe
168    III,  VI   |        whereon depend those sensible qualities and powers we observe in
169    III,  VI   |            have few or none of those qualities which are supposed to result
170    III,  VI   |              collections of sensible qualities that men make the essences
171    III,  VI   |            another by their sensible qualities, are often better acquainted
172    III,  VI   |             things by those sensible qualities they found in them; thereby
173    III,  VI   |         words. Men observing certain qualities always joined and existing
174    III,  VI   |             consist of a few obvious qualities observed in things. Secondly,
175    III,  VI   |            some few sensible obvious qualities; and often, if not always,
176    III,  VI   |             to imagine all the other qualities comprehended in our complex
177    III,  VI   |      commonly take these two obvious qualities, viz. shape and colour,
178    III,  VI   |            number of simple ideas or qualities belonging to any sort of
179    III,  VI   |            signs of some few obvious qualities co-existing, are yet far
180    III,  VI   |       perfect discovery of all those qualities which would best show us
181    III,  VI   |           others a smaller number of qualities; and so is apparently such
182    III,  VI   |     fusibility; and others yet other qualities, which they find joined
183    III,  VI   |            in all these and the like qualities, one has as good a right
184    III,  VI   |         sight, that several of those qualities that are to be found in
185    III,  VI   |           sorts, it leaves out those qualities that distinguish them, and
186    III,  VI   |            done by leaving out those qualities, which are peculiar to each
187    III,  VI   |             out the colour and other qualities peculiar to gold and silver,
188    III,  VI   |      fusibility in it, without other qualities as inseparable as those.
189    III,  VI   |          found, having all the other qualities of gold except malleableness,
190    III,  VI   |            of the same collection of qualities? Nor is it a mere supposition
191    III,  VI   |            wherein the other obvious qualities of gold may be without malleableness;
192    III,  VI   |           and several other the like qualities: for whatever is left out,
193    III,  VI   |             another in many sensible qualities, and probably too in their
194    III,  VI   |             taking occasion from the qualities they find united in them,
195    III,  VI   |       perhaps, at first, are all the qualities he takes notice of in it;
196    III,  VI   |             that have these sensible qualities in them. It is evident now,
197    III,  VI   |            as I may say, superficial qualities, puts Adam upon further
198    III,  VI   |              have discovered several qualities, in substances of the same
199    III,  IX   |        standards.~13. To co-existing qualities, which are known but imperfectly.
200    III,  IX   |           significations. The simple qualities which make up the complex
201    III,  IX   |          into his complex idea those qualities he has found to be united
202    III,  IX   |              by the word gold, those qualities, which, upon trial, he has
203    III,  IX   |             union in nature of these qualities being the true ground of
204    III,  IX   |              Thirdly, to co-existing qualities which are known but imperfectly.
205    III,  IX   |              which obvious or common qualities are to be left out; or which
206    III,  IX   |        signification by some obvious qualities, (as by the shape and figure
207    III,  IX   |             with some other sensible qualities), do well enough to design
208    III,  IX   |              some of the inseparable qualities, that are always united
209    III,  X    |             observes their different qualities can hardly doubt, that many
210    III,  X    |            and on which its sensible qualities depend, is past doubt: but
211    III,  XI   |          indeed it is, or have other qualities than indeed it has; for
212    III,  XI   |            the real essence or other qualities of that creature are in
213    III,  XI   |            constitution, and various qualities of a thing existing without
214    III,  XI   |            in each sort some leading qualities, to which we suppose the
215    III,  XI   |             20. Ideas of the leading qualities of substances are best got
216    III,  XI   |               These leading sensible qualities are those which make the
217    III,  XI   |         otherwise. Now these leading qualities are best made known by showing,
218    III,  XI   |            his mind only its obvious qualities. But if the formal constitution
219    III,  XI   |           greater number of sensible qualities, proportionably as they
220    III,  XI   |           accurate in examining, the qualities of any sort of things which
221     IV,  II   |              and words.~11. Modes of qualities not demonstrable like modes
222     IV,  II   |           degrees.~13. The secondary qualities of things not discovered
223     IV,  II   |          holds true in all secondary qualities and their modes.~14. Sensitive
224     IV,  III  |             need of some intervening qualities to measure them by, which
225     IV,  III  |              inquire, but what other qualities or powers these substances
226     IV,  III  |          Especially of the secondary qualities of bodies. The ideas that
227     IV,  III  |             those of their secondary qualities; which depending all (as
228     IV,  III  |              shown) upon the primary qualities of their minute and insensible
229     IV,  III  |              from which result those qualities which make our complex idea
230     IV,  III  |            we should know what other qualities result from, or are incompatible
231     IV,  III  |            secondary and the primary qualities is undiscoverable by us.
232     IV,  III  |             ignorance of the primary qualities of the insensible parts
233     IV,  III  |           depend all their secondary qualities, there is yet another and
234     IV,  III  |            quality and those primary qualities which it depends on.~13.
235     IV,  III  |           knowledge of their primary qualities. That the size, figure,
236     IV,  III  |             if we knew these primary qualities of bodies, we might have
237     IV,  III  |      connexion betwixt these primary qualities of bodies and the sensations
238     IV,  III  |        co-existence of any secondary qualities, though we could discover
239     IV,  III  |             knowledge of unperceived qualities in substances. In vain,
240     IV,  III  |          minute parts on which their qualities do depend; nor, did we know
241     IV,  III  |             and any of the secondary qualities: which is necessary to be
242     IV,  III  |              some few of the primary qualities have a necessary dependence
243     IV,  III  |      co-existence of very few of the qualities that are to be found united
244     IV,  III  |             to make known to us what qualities they contain. For of all
245     IV,  III  |              contain. For of all the qualities that are co-existent in
246     IV,  III  |              of each sort of primary qualities but one particular at once:
247     IV,  III  |    substances to change the sensible qualities of other bodies, which make
248     IV,  III  |    intelligible explication of those qualities of bodies; and I fear the
249     IV,  III  |              we are made to see what qualities and powers of bodies have
250     IV,  III  |       without ideas of these primary qualities of bodies in general, yet
251     IV,  III  |             only all their secondary qualities, but also most of their
252     IV,  III  |      distinct ideas of their primary qualities keeps us in an incurable
253     IV,  III  |            smell, and other sensible qualities, we have as clear and distinct
254     IV,  III  |            of the particular primary qualities of the minute parts of either
255     IV,  III  |          ideas of sensible secondary qualities which we have in our minds,
256     IV,  III  |       between them and those primary qualities which (experience shows
257     IV,  III  |           concerning their secondary qualities, powers, and operations,
258     IV,  VI   |              are collections of such qualities as have been observed to
259     IV,  VI   |            substance; but what other qualities necessarily co-exist with
260     IV,  VI   |              which, in their primary qualities, we can go but a very little
261     IV,  VI   |           and in all their secondary qualities we can discover no connexion
262     IV,  VI   |             so on of the rest of its qualities. I would gladly meet with
263     IV,  VI   |             whichsoever of its other qualities you please, malleableness
264     IV,  VI   |            has any) with those other qualities being only by the intervention
265     IV,  VI   |          indeed, of these coexisting qualities we unite into one complex
266     IV,  VI   |       certainty, in respect of other qualities not contained in our complex
267     IV,  VI   |        perceive wherein all sensible qualities originally consist, and
268     IV,  VI   |              on which their sensible qualities depend, and are made up
269     IV,  VI   |         collection of those apparent qualities our senses can discover,
270     IV,  VI   |            amongst all the secondary qualities of substances, and the powers
271     IV,  VI   |            taste, sound, or tangible qualities it has, nor what alterations
272     IV,  VI   |              two right ones.~11. The qualities which make our complex ideas
273     IV,  VI   | constitutions produce those sensible qualities we find in them, and how
274     IV,  VI   |          find in them, and how those qualities flowed from thence, we could,
275     IV,  VI   |        properties, and discover what qualities they had or had not, than
276     IV,  VI   |            by itself, having all its qualities in itself, and independent
277     IV,  VI   |           the greatest part of those qualities which are taken notice of
278     IV,  VI   |            and the most considerable qualities to be observed in them,
279     IV,  VI   |            on extrinsical causes and qualities of other bodies that make
280     IV,  VI   |           globe exposes them to. The qualities observed in a loadstone
281     IV,  VI   |            us, and to preserve those qualities by which we know and distinguish
282     IV,  VI   |        contain within themselves the qualities that appear to us in them;
283     IV,  VI   |              upon which depend those qualities and powers we observe in
284     IV,  VI   |              by us. Their observable qualities, actions, and powers are
285     IV,  VI   |           comprehend perfectly those qualities that are in it.~12. Our
286     IV,  VI   |             remarkable part of those qualities we observe in them, and
287     IV,  VI   |               our knowledge of their qualities and properties goes very
288     IV,  VI   |             what changes the primary qualities of one body do regularly
289     IV,  VI   |     regularly produce in the primary qualities of another, and how. Secondly,
290     IV,  VI   |            We must know what primary qualities of any body produce certain
291     IV,  VI   |            up of that on which those qualities we observe in them, and
292     IV,  VI   |             there are very few other qualities with which we can perceive
293     IV,  VI   |          wherein all his inseparable qualities are united, and from whence
294     IV,  VI   |          collection of some sensible qualities and powers in him, there
295     IV,  VI   |           whereon these and the like qualities and powers depend, we must
296     IV,  XII  |           certainly know, what other qualities co-exist with those of my
297     IV,  XII  |            in taking notice of their qualities and operations on one another: