Book,  Chapter

  1     II,  IV   |         modified.~2. Solidity fills space. This is the idea which
  2     II,  IV   |      whereby we conceive it to fill space. The idea of which filling
  3     II,  IV   |            idea of which filling of space is,—that where we imagine
  4     II,  IV   |           that where we imagine any space taken up by a solid substance,
  5     II,  IV   |           us with.~3. Distinct from space. This resistance, whereby
  6     II,  IV   |             other bodies out of the space which it possesses, is so
  7     II,  IV   |        distinguished both from pure space, which is capable neither
  8     II,  IV   |           we have the clear idea of space without solidity. For (not
  9     II,  IV   |           gives us the idea of pure space without solidity; whereinto
 10     II,  IV   |             in a pump is drawn, the space it filled in the tube is
 11     II,  IV   |            on the distinct ideas of space and solidity, which are
 12     II,  IV   |          And that men have ideas of space without a body, their very
 13     II,  IV   |             other bodies out of the space it possesses: but hardness,
 14     II,  IV   | distinguished from the extension of space:—the extension of body being
 15     II,  IV   |         parts; and the extension of space, the continuity of unsolid,
 16     II,  IV   |             and protrusion. Of pure space then, and solidity, there
 17     II,  IV   |          and that they can think on space, without anything in it
 18     II,  IV   |            This is the idea of pure space, which they think they have
 19     II,  IV   |          distinct from that of pure space, the idea of something that
 20     II,  IV   |             of something that fills space, that can be protruded by
 21     II,  V    |         more than one sense are, of space or extension, figure, rest,
 22     II,  IX   |          the far different ideas of space, figure, and motion, the
 23     II,  IX   |            is thought to take up no space, to have no extension; so
 24     II,  XII  |             in the ideas we have of space, time, and infinity, and
 25     II,  XIII |         Simple Modes of the Idea of Space ~1. Simple modes of simple
 26     II,  XIII |        gross, a million.~2. Idea of Space. I shall begin with the
 27     II,  XIII |             with the simple idea of space. I have showed above, chap.
 28     II,  XIII |             that we get the idea of space, both by our sight and touch;
 29     II,  XIII |            by feeling and touch.~3. Space and extension. This space,
 30     II,  XIII |           Space and extension. This space, considered barely in length
 31     II,  XIII |           different modification of space; and each idea of any different
 32     II,  XIII |          any different distance, or space, is a simple mode of this
 33     II,  XIII |      distinct ideas made up only of space. When any such stated lengths
 34     II,  XIII |       stated lengths or measures of space are made familiar to men’
 35     II,  XIII |              enlarge their ideas of space as much as they please.
 36     II,  XIII |         extension, or circumscribed space, have amongst themselves.
 37     II,  XIII |          extremities of any body or space, it has that idea we call
 38     II,  XIII |              by varying the idea of space, and thereby making still
 39     II,  XIII |             has wholly enclosed any space, it is evident that it can
 40     II,  XIII |           different simple modes of space.~The same that it can do
 41     II,  XIII |        multiply the simple modes of space.~7. Place. Another idea
 42     II,  XIII |            call place. As in simple space, we consider the relation
 43     II,  XIII |            beyond it is one uniform space or expansion, wherein the
 44     II,  XIII | undistinguishable inane of infinite space: though it be true that
 45     II,  XIII |          sense, and stands for that space which anybody takes up;
 46     II,  XIII |             that we get the idea of space, (whereof this is but a
 47     II,  XIII |          and by extension, only the space that lies between the extremities
 48     II,  XIII |        thoughts whether the idea of space be not as distinct from
 49     II,  XIII |           nor be conceived, without space; and yet motion is not space,
 50     II,  XIII |        space; and yet motion is not space, nor space motion; space
 51     II,  XIII |            motion is not space, nor space motion; space can exist
 52     II,  XIII |            space, nor space motion; space can exist without it, and
 53     II,  XIII |           so, I think, are those of space and solidity. Solidity is
 54     II,  XIII |         that depends its filling of space, its contact, impulse, and
 55     II,  XIII |            I suppose, to prove that space is not body, because it
 56     II,  XIII |             idea of solidity in it; space and solidity being as distinct
 57     II,  XIII |         body does.~13. The parts of space inseparable, both really
 58     II,  XIII |         Secondly, The parts of pure space are inseparable one from
 59     II,  XIII |           think, compatible to pure space.~It is true, a man may consider
 60     II,  XIII |          consider so much of such a space as is answerable or commensurate
 61     II,  XIII |        separately.~14. The parts of space, immovable. Thirdly, The
 62     II,  XIII |          Thirdly, The parts of pure space are immovable, which follows
 63     II,  XIII |           determined idea of simple space distinguishes it plainly
 64     II,  XIII |            any one ask me what this space I speak of is, I will tell
 65     II,  XIII |       bodies and spirits proves not space and body the same. Those
 66     II,  XIII |              Those who contend that space and body are the same, bring
 67     II,  XIII |           this dilemma:—either this space is something or nothing;
 68     II,  XIII |          know not, no proof against space without body. If it be demanded (
 69     II,  XIII |         usually it is) whether this space, void of body, be substance
 70     II,  XIII |            to return to our idea of space. If body be not supposed
 71     II,  XIII |          arm where there was before space without body; and if there
 72     II,  XIII |       fingers, there would still be space between them without body.
 73     II,  XIII |         necessarily touch. For pure space between is sufficient to
 74     II,  XIII |            mutual contact; but bare space in the way is not sufficient
 75     II,  XIII |            out, or else affirm that space is not body. For I would
 76     II,  XIII |          thoughts set any bounds to space, more than he can to duration;
 77     II,  XIII |         assert the impossibility of space existing without matter,
 78     II,  XIII |              it is evident that the space that was filled by the parts
 79     II,  XIII |         will still remain, and be a space without body. For the circumambient
 80     II,  XIII |         other body to get into that space. And indeed the necessary
 81     II,  XIII |         necessary connexion between space and solidity, since we can
 82     II,  XIII |            its existence, signifies space without body; whose very
 83     II,  XIII |            be not left in it a void space as big as the least part
 84     II,  XIII |           as a mustard-seed, a void space equal to the bulk of a mustard-seed
 85     II,  XIII |  mustard-seed, there must also be a space void of solid matter as
 86     II,  XIII |        infinitum. And let this void space be as little as it will,
 87     II,  XIII |    plenitude. For if there can be a space void of body equal to the
 88     II,  XIII |     existing in nature, it is still space without body; and makes
 89     II,  XIII |          great a difference between space and body as if it were mega
 90     II,  XIII |             we suppose not the void space necessary to motion equal
 91     II,  XIII |   consequence will always follow of space without matter.~24. The
 92     II,  XIII |            matter.~24. The ideas of space and body distinct. But the
 93     II,  XIII |           here,—Whether the idea of space or extension be the same
 94     II,  XIII |            they had not the idea of space without body, they could
 95     II,  XIII |          more than the bare idea of space, they could have no doubt
 96     II,  XIII |          demand, whether there were space without body, as whether
 97     II,  XIII |         body, as whether there were space without space, or body without
 98     II,  XIII |            there were space without space, or body without body, since
 99     II,  XIII |          sufficiently.~27. Ideas of space and solidity distinct. To
100     II,  XIII |            have as clear an idea of space distinct from solidity,
101     II,  XIII |         from motion, or motion from space. We have not any two more
102     II,  XIII |           we can as easily conceive space without solidity, as we
103     II,  XIII |             we can conceive body or space without motion, though it
104     II,  XIII |            motion can exist without space. But whether any one will
105     II,  XIII |           whether any one will take space to be only a relation resulting
106     II,  XIII |          consider: only our idea of space is, I think, such as I have
107     II,  XIII |         same uniform simple idea of space, taken from objects about
108     II,  XIII |           we will, and consider the space or distance so imagined,
109     II,  XIII |    dimensions to that empty or pure space may be placed in it, without
110     II,  XIII |           and the term expansion to space in general, with or without
111     II,  XIII |         possessing it,—so as to say space is expanded and body extended.
112     II,  XIV  |         from the permanent parts of space, but from the fleeting and
113     II,  XIV  |        hours after, and that in the space of an annual revolution
114     II,  XIV  |             that to measure motion, space is as necessary to be considered
115     II,  XIV  |          all.~25. As we can measure space in our thoughts where there
116     II,  XIV  |           this measure of a mile to space beyond the utmost bodies;
117     II,  XIV  |             as by the other measure space in our thoughts, where there
118     II,  XIV  |         belonging to it; but not to space, where no body is, the utmost
119     II,  XIV  |            is, the utmost bounds of space and duration being beyond
120     II,  XV   |            on the considerations of space and duration, yet, they
121     II,  XV   |          them together. Distance or space, in its simple abstract
122     II,  XV   |          also the word expansion to space, because space is often
123     II,  XV   |         expansion to space, because space is often applied to distance
124     II,  XV   |             suppose the infinity of space. The reason whereof seems
125     II,  XV   |            pursue their thoughts of space, they are apt to stop at
126     II,  XV   |             confines of body: as if space were there at an end too,
127     II,  XV   |             the universe, imaginary space: as if it were nothing,
128     II,  XV   |          body, into the infinity of space or expansion; the idea whereof
129     II,  XV   |     infinite oceans of duration and space. These, rightly considered,
130     II,  XV   |             place. For duration and space being in themselves uniform
131     II,  XV   |           those infinite abysses of space and duration, set out or
132     II,  XV   |            that portion of infinite space which is possessed by and
133     II,  XV   |            consider so much of that space as is equal to, or capable
134     II,  XV   |            so much of that infinite space as the bulk of the body
135     II,  XV   |        existed is, the idea of that space of duration which passed
136     II,  XV   |          from other fixed points of space or duration, as that it
137     II,  XV   |         ideas of certain lengths of space and duration,—as inches,
138     II,  XV   |           is one thing more wherein space and duration have a great
139     II,  XV   |             to frame an idea of any space without parts, instead thereof
140     II,  XV   |             and division, either of space or duration, when the idea
141     II,  XV   |            in the vast expansion of space, or divisibility of matter.
142     II,  XV   |          which our complex modes of space, extension, and duration
143     II,  XV   |         least particle of matter or space we can discern, which is
144     II,  XV   |             spirits have to do with space, or how they communicate
145     II,  XV   |          that particular portion of space, whilst it remains there.~
146     II,  XV   |           each other; every part of space being in every part of duration,
147     II,  XVI  |      because our thoughts cannot in space arrive at any determined
148     II,  XVII |            intention, attributed to space, duration, and number. He
149     II,  XVII |           and such are the ideas of space, duration, and number, which
150     II,  XVII |            of any stated lengths of space, as a foot, finds that he
151     II,  XVII |            of enlarging his idea of space by further additions remaining
152     II,  XVII |          takes the idea of infinite space.~4. Our idea of space boundless.
153     II,  XVII |      infinite space.~4. Our idea of space boundless. This, I think,
154     II,  XVII |           gets the idea of infinite space. It is a quite different
155     II,  XVII |            idea of such a boundless space actually existing; since
156     II,  XVII |            we are apt to think that space in itself is actually boundless,
157     II,  XVII |             imagination the idea of space or expansion of itself naturally
158     II,  XVII |             up, (for of such a void space we have not only the idea,
159     II,  XVII |             in its progress in this space, how far soever it extends
160     II,  XVII |             its further progress in space and extension that it rather
161     II,  XVII |            that it is at the end of space, when it perceives that
162     II,  XVII |            there should be an empty space, though ever so little,
163     II,  XVII |            in or through that empty space;—nay, it is impossible for
164     II,  XVII |           to move but into an empty space; the same possibility of
165     II,  XVII |           body’s moving into a void space, beyond the utmost bounds
166     II,  XVII |              as well as into a void space interspersed amongst bodies,
167     II,  XVII |              the idea of empty pure space, whether within or beyond
168     II,  XVII |             in this uniform idea of space, nowhere find any bounds,
169     II,  XVII |             as we will, any idea of space, we get the idea of immensity;
170     II,  XVII |          ideas, as well as those of space and duration; since they
171     II,  XVII |       received by their senses; but space, duration, and number, being
172     II,  XVII |      Difference between infinity of space, and space infinite. Though
173     II,  XVII |      between infinity of space, and space infinite. Though our idea
174     II,  XVII |            quantity, as an infinite space, or an infinite duration.
175     II,  XVII |             idea of the infinity of space, and the idea of a space
176     II,  XVII |            space, and the idea of a space infinite. The first is nothing
177     II,  XVII |         over what repeated ideas of space it pleases; but to have
178     II,  XVII |           in the mind the idea of a space infinite, is to suppose
179     II,  XVII |             those repeated ideas of space which an endless repetition
180     II,  XVII |            have no idea of infinite space. This, perhaps, will be
181     II,  XVII |            have in our minds of any space, duration, or number, let
182     II,  XVII |             the idea of an infinite space or duration, that idea is
183     II,  XVII |             his mind an idea of any space or number, as great as he
184     II,  XVII |           and reason about infinite space or duration, &c. Because
185     II,  XVII |           to me to be the idea of a space, or (which is the same thing)
186     II,  XVII |          number infinite, i.e. of a space or number which the mind
187     II,  XVII |             terminates in; and of a space or number, which, in a constant
188     II,  XVII |             large soever an idea of space I have in my mind, it is
189     II,  XVII |            capable of. For, even in space and duration, when the mind
190     II,  XVII |        pleases, of known lengths of space or duration, the clearest
191     II,  XVII |             we can conceive. But in space and duration it is otherwise.
192     II,  XVII |            conceive the infinity of space. The same happens also in
193     II,  XVII |            The same happens also in space, wherein, conceiving ourselves
194     II,  XVII |   considerations of the infinity of space and duration, we only use
195     II,  XVII |         more the positive idea of a space infinitely great, than,
196     II,  XVII |            being in the infinity of space and duration, which power
197     II,  XVII |            of infinite duration and space. It would, I think, be enough
198     II,  XVII |             no positive idea of any space or duration which is not
199     II,  XVII |           since an infinite idea of space or duration must needs be
200     II,  XVII |             would think of infinite space or duration, we at first
201     II,  XVII |         number of positive ideas of space or duration. But what still
202     II,  XVII |             mind comprehends of any space, it has a positive idea
203     II,  XVII |             and incomplete. So much space as the mind takes a view
204     II,  XVII |          idea has he of an infinite space or duration, who says it
205     II,  XVII |           positive idea of infinite space. He that thinks he has a
206     II,  XVII |           positive idea of infinite space, will, when he considers
207     II,  XVII |            than he has of the least space. For in this latter, which
208     II,  XVII |          chain measure out infinite space, as a philosopher by the
209     II,  XVII |            applies it to, let it be space or duration; and possibly
210     II,  XVII |       eternity, and not of infinite space. There are some I have met
211     II,  XVII |      infinite duration and infinite space, that they persuade themselves
212     II,  XVII |           have any idea of infinite space. The reason of which mistake
213     II,  XVII |            have no idea of infinite space, because they can have no
214     II,  XVII |       necessary to the existence of space, no more than the existence
215     II,  XVII |           to me to have the idea of space empty of body, as to think
216     II,  XVII |             idea of the infinity of space, than it is necessary that
217     II,  XVII |          think our idea of infinite space requires the real existence
218     II,  XVII |           duration than of infinite space, because it is past doubt
219     II,  XVII |           co-extended with infinite space; yet those philosophers
220     II,  XVII |            of opinion that infinite space is possessed by God’s infinite
221     II,  XVII |           clear an idea of infinite space as of infinite duration;
222     II,  XVII |        infinite, either duration or space, he could add two infinities
223     II,  XVII |     concerning infinity,—whether of space, duration, or divisibility,
224     II,  XVII |             and dispute of infinite space or duration, as if they
225     II,  XVII |          consideration of duration, space, and number, and what arises
226     II,  XVIII|           the distances of time and space put together; so they are
227     II,  XVIII|              comprehending time and space with motion.~3. Modes of
228     II,  XXIII|            succeed in each point of space, deserted by a lateral motion,
229     II,  XXIX |            our thoughts to infinite space. After a few doublings of
230     II,  XXIX |         clear distinct idea of that space: it becomes a confusedly
231     II,  XXXI |             three lines including a space. But it is plain that in
232     II,  XXXII|             three lines including a space make up that essence: but
233    III,  III  |          Thus, a figure including a space between three lines, is
234    III,  VI   |         people be bare extension or space, then solidity is not essential
235     IV,  II   |          appear, that from an equal space sends to the retina the
236     IV,  VII  |         there is no vacuum, i.e. no space void of body, by this maxim,
237     IV,  VII  |       extension, his knowledge that space cannot be without body,
238     IV,  VII  |             names,—extension, body, space. Which three words, standing
239     IV,  VII  |            its signification, that “space is body,” as this predication
240     IV,  VII  |            there may be a vacuum or space without a body, as Descartes
241     IV,  VII  |             which he gives the name space being barely the simple
242     IV,  VII  |          proposition: “Extension or space is not body,” is as true