Book,  Chapter

  1    Ded        |            common. But truth, like gold, is not the less so for
  2      I,  III  |        fairy money, though it were gold in the hand from which he
  3     II,  IV   |             with a hollow globe of gold filled with water, and exactly
  4     II,  IX   |           any uniform colour, v.g. gold, alabaster, or jet, it is
  5     II,  XXI  |           Fire has a power to melt gold, i.e. to destroy the consistency
  6     II,  XXI  |             and make it fluid; and gold has a power to be melted;
  7     II,  XXI  |           purpose to observe, that gold or saffron has a power to
  8     II,  XXIII|         the ideas of a man, horse, gold, water, &c.; of which substances,
  9     II,  XXIII|          substance, v.g. let it be gold, horse, iron, man, vitriol,
 10     II,  XXIII|        examine his complex idea of gold, will find several of its
 11     II,  XXIII|        make up our complex idea of gold, as its colour and weight:
 12     II,  XXIII|      yellowness is not actually in gold, but is a power in gold
 13     II,  XXIII|            gold, but is a power in gold to produce that idea in
 14     II,  XXIII|           now the yellow colour of gold, would then disappear, and
 15     II,  XXIII|            to me, how the parts of gold, or brass, (that but now
 16     II,  XXIII|           make our complex idea of gold are yellowness, great weight,
 17     II,  XXIII|          and are not really in the gold, considered barely in itself,
 18     II,  XXIV |      substances, as of man, horse, gold, violet, apple, &c., the
 19     II,  XXIX |          same uniform matter, viz. gold or wax of an equal bulk,
 20     II,  XXIX |      figure of these two pieces of gold; as he could, if the same
 21     II,  XXIX |             if the same parcels of gold were made one into a cube,
 22     II,  XXX  |        pass that one man’s idea of gold, or justice, is different
 23     II,  XXXI |        real essence, whereby it is gold; and from whence those qualities
 24     II,  XXXI |          in use, and denominate it gold, do they not ordinarily,
 25     II,  XXXI |    substance we denote by the word gold, could not rationally take
 26     II,  XXXI |          that sort of body we call gold.~10. Substances have innumerable
 27     II,  XXXI |            doubt that this, called gold, has infinite other properties
 28     II,  XXXI |        times as many properties in gold, all of them as inseparable
 29     II,  XXXI |          go to the complex idea of gold as any one man yet has in
 30     II,  XXXII|  weightiness, and yellow colour of gold, any one join in his thoughts
 31     II,  XXXII|           way, the complex idea of gold being made up of such simple
 32     II,  XXXII|       fusibility, and fixedness of gold.~23. When judged adequate,
 33     II,  XXXII|            be the complete idea of gold, when yet its peculiar fixedness,
 34    III,  II   |          the metal he hears called gold, but the bright shining
 35    III,  II   |        colour, he applies the word gold only to his own idea of
 36    III,  II   |         colour in a peacock’s tail gold. Another that hath better
 37    III,  II   |         weight: and then the sound gold, when he uses it, stands
 38    III,  II   |      fusibility: and then the word gold signifies to him a body,
 39    III,  II   |        these uses equally the word gold, when they have occasion
 40    III,  III  |           c., which makes it to be gold, or gives it a right to
 41    III,  III  |        Since nothing can be called gold but what has a conformity
 42    III,  VI   |        v.g. the nominal essence of gold is that complex idea the
 43    III,  VI   |         that complex idea the word gold stands for, let it be, for
 44    III,  VI   |            the other properties of gold depend. How far these two
 45    III,  VI   |   supposing the nominal essence of gold to be a body of such a peculiar
 46    III,  VI   |           and warm; or than liquid gold in the furnace is a distinct
 47    III,  VI   |         distinct species from hard gold in the hands of a workman.
 48    III,  VI   |   depending on the real essence of gold, any one of which failing,
 49    III,  VI   |       failing, the real essence of gold, and consequently gold,
 50    III,  VI   |          of gold, and consequently gold, would not be there, unless
 51    III,  VI   |           knew the real essence of gold itself, and by that determined
 52    III,  VI   |          that species. By the word gold here, I must be understood
 53    III,  VI   |            I or any one else calls gold, i.e. for the nominal essence
 54    III,  VI   |         for the nominal essence of gold, it would be jargon. So
 55    III,  VI   |            weight and fixedness of gold, to be the complex ideas
 56    III,  VI   |        where we find the colour of gold, we are apt to imagine all
 57    III,  VI   |         and that a rose; this is a gold, and that a silver goblet,
 58    III,  VI   |        yellow shining colour makes gold to children; others add
 59    III,  VI   |         have different essences of gold, which must therefore be
 60    III,  VI   |           that may comprehend both gold and silver, and some other
 61    III,  VI   |        other qualities peculiar to gold and silver, and the other
 62    III,  VI   |         all the other qualities of gold except malleableness, it
 63    III,  VI   |           question whether it were gold or not, i.e. whether it
 64    III,  VI   |         every one annexed the name gold: so that it would be true
 65    III,  VI   |           so that it would be true gold to him, and belong to that
 66    III,  VI   |             signified by the sound gold; and on the other side it
 67    III,  VI   |          side it would not be true gold, or of that species, to
 68    III,  VI   |         other obvious qualities of gold may be without malleableness;
 69    III,  VI   |           since it is certain that gold itself will be sometimes
 70    III,  VI   |          the complex idea the name gold is by any one annexed to,
 71    III,  VI   |          And thus anything is true gold, perfect metal. All which
 72    III,  VI   |           when we affirm that “all gold is fixed,” either it means
 73    III,  VI   |           nominal essence the word gold stands for; and so this
 74    III,  VI   |          so this affirmation, “all gold is fixed,” contains nothing
 75    III,  VI   |          signification of the term gold. Or else it means, that
 76    III,  VI   |           of the definition of the gold, is a property of that substance
 77    III,  VI   |          it is plain that the word gold stands in the place of a
 78    III,  VI   |           though this proposition—“gold is fixed”—be in that sense
 79    III,  VI   |          be ever so true, that all gold, i.e. all that has the real
 80    III,  VI   |            has the real essence of gold, is fixed, what serves this
 81    III,  VI   |           sense, what is or is not gold? For if we know not the
 82    III,  VI   |            not the real essence of gold, it is impossible we should
 83    III,  VI   |          and so whether it be true gold or no.~51. Conclusion. To
 84    III,  VIII |        ideas enough to distinguish gold from a stone, and metal
 85    III,  IX   |         though in the substance of gold one satisfies himself with
 86    III,  IX   |         that colour in his idea of gold, as any one does its fusibility;
 87    III,  IX   |         signification of the word, gold? Or who shall be the judge
 88    III,  IX   |         idea signified by the word gold, those qualities, which,
 89    III,  IX   |       substances meant by the word gold or apple, to distinguish
 90    III,  IX   |        part of his complex idea of gold, may make propositions concerning
 91    III,  IX   |            propositions concerning gold, and draw consequences from
 92    III,  IX   |            and clearly follow from gold, taken in such a signification:
 93    III,  IX   |         complex idea that the name gold, in his use of it, stands
 94    III,  IX   |    contending about.~17. Instance, gold. How much this is the case
 95    III,  IX   | forementioned instance of the word gold, and we shall see how hard
 96    III,  IX   |           tail is properly to them gold. Others finding fusibility
 97    III,  IX   |           which they give the name gold, to denote a sort of substances;
 98    III,  IX   |          and so exclude from being gold all such yellow shining
 99    III,  IX   |       comprehended under that name gold, only such substances as,
100    III,  IX   |          left out: or why the word gold, signifying that sort of
101    III,  IX   |      essence signified by the word gold, and solubility but a property
102    III,  IX   |          signification of the word gold (as referred to such a body
103    III,  IX   |       enough know what is meant by gold or iron; yet the precise
104    III,  X    |   substances. For, when a man says gold is malleable, he means and
105    III,  X    |        than this. That what I call gold is malleable, (though truly
106    III,  X    |         this understood, viz. That gold, i.e. what has the real
107    III,  X    |            has the real essence of gold, is malleable; which amounts
108    III,  X    |           from the real essence of gold. But a man, not knowing
109    III,  X    |            but only with the sound gold he puts for it. Thus, when
110    III,  X    |             though the word man or gold signify nothing truly but
111    III,  X    |          For though in that called gold, one puts into his complex
112    III,  X    |        adds to his complex idea of gold that of fixedness and solubility
113    III,  X    |        species of bodies, the word gold (which, by standing for
114    III,  X    |    different thing, to argue about gold in name, and about a parcel
115    III,  XI   |       speaks of a cube or globe of gold, or of any other body, he
116    III,  XI   |           the particular colour of gold is not to be got by any
117    III,  XI   |          ringing sound there is in gold, distinct from the sound
118    III,  XI   |           yellow shining colour of gold, got by sight, shall, from
119    III,  XI   |           have a perfecter idea of gold than he can have by seeing
120    III,  XI   |          have by seeing a piece of gold, and thereby imprinting
121    III,  XI   |          signification of the word gold might as easily be ascertained
122     IV,  I    |            we pronounce concerning gold, that it is fixed, our knowledge
123     IV,  I    |         idea signified by the word gold,~7. Of real existence agreeing
124     IV,  III  |    luminous, and moving upward; of gold, a body heavy to a certain
125     IV,  III  |    different substances, flame and gold, stand for. When we would
126     IV,  III  |           make our complex idea of gold, it is impossible we should
127     IV,  III  |            the insensible parts of gold; and so consequently must
128     IV,  III  |           are united in a piece of gold, yet; because no one of
129     IV,  III  |         silver in aqua fortis, and gold in aqua regia, and not vice
130     IV,  VI   |        thus, speaking of a man, or gold, or any other species of
131     IV,  VI   |    negation made of it. For man or gold, taken in this sense, and
132     IV,  VI   |          are rational, or that all gold is yellow. But where the
133     IV,  VI   |         this or that quality is in gold, when we know not what is
134     IV,  VI   |         know not what is or is not gold? Since in this way of speaking,
135     IV,  VI   |            of speaking, nothing is gold but what partakes of an
136     IV,  VI   |            or is not in this sense gold; being incurably ignorant
137     IV,  VI   |        makes anything to be called gold; i.e. that real essence
138     IV,  VI   |          i.e. that real essence of gold whereof we have no idea
139     IV,  VI   |         matter the real essence of gold is, yet could we not be
140     IV,  VI   |          with truth be affirmed of gold; since it is impossible
141     IV,  VI   |          certainty.~8. Instance in gold. “All gold is fixed,” is
142     IV,  VI   |             Instance in gold. “All gold is fixed,” is a proposition
143     IV,  VI   |          any one supposes the term gold to stand for a species of
144     IV,  VI   |            anything universally of gold. But if he makes gold stand
145     IV,  VI   |           of gold. But if he makes gold stand for a species determined
146     IV,  VI   |        this proper use of the word gold, there is no difficulty
147     IV,  VI   |          to know what is or is not gold. But yet no other quality
148     IV,  VI   |  universally affirmed or denied of gold, but what hath a discoverable
149     IV,  VI   |         this proposition, that all gold is fixed.~9. No discoverable
150     IV,  VI   |         between nominal essence of gold and other simple ideas.
151     IV,  VI   |            that nominal essence of gold; so, if we make our complex
152     IV,  VI   |           make our complex idea of gold, a body yellow, fusible,
153     IV,  VI   |          concerning any quality of gold, that any one can certainly
154     IV,  VI   |         universal proposition, All gold is malleable? To which I
155     IV,  VI   |          the complex idea the word gold stands for. But then here
156     IV,  VI   |        here is nothing affirmed of gold, but that that sound stands
157     IV,  VI   |       specific essence the name of gold stands for, it is plain,
158     IV,  VI   |       stands for, it is plain, all gold is malleable, is not a certain
159     IV,  VI   |            let the complex idea of gold be made up of whichsoever
160     IV,  VI   |            the colour or weight of gold, or any other part of the
161     IV,  VI   |   universal proposition concerning gold in this respect; and the
162     IV,  VI   |         this proposition, that all gold is malleable, would be as
163     IV,  VI   |          to know the properties of gold, it would be no more necessary
164     IV,  VI   |          be no more necessary that gold should exist, and that we
165     IV,  VI   |    denominate them. Put a piece of gold anywhere by itself, separate
166     IV,  VII  |            ideas, v.g. man, horse, gold, virtue; there they are
167     IV,  VIII |       whole complex idea; as, “All gold is fusible.” For fusibility
168     IV,  VIII |          the complex one the sound gold stands for, what can it
169     IV,  VIII |            affirm that of the name gold, which is comprehended in
170     IV,  VIII |            a truth of moment, that gold is yellow; and I see not
171     IV,  VIII |           idea, of which the sound gold is the mark in ordinary
172     IV,  VIII |            if I know that the name gold stands for this complex
173     IV,  VIII |  proposition, and gravely say, all gold is fusible. Such propositions
174     IV,  VIII |           verbal: v.g. to say that gold is a metal, or heavy. And
175     IV,  XII  |         heavy, fusible body I call gold, be malleable, or no; which
176     IV,  XII  |          of the nominal essence of gold, supposed to consist of
177     IV,  XII  |           of my nominal essence of gold: whereby though I make my
178     IV,  XII  |          to which I affix the name gold, to consist of more simple
179     IV,  XII  |         this complex idea, whether gold be fixed or no; because,