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| Alphabetical [« »] ice 6 idea 1422 ideal 1 ideas 2621 idem 1 identical 19 identity 89 | Frequency [« »] 2999 which 2877 are 2840 not 2621 ideas 2583 we 2346 by 2283 but | John Locke An essay concerning human understanding IntraText - Concordances ideas |
Book, Chapter
1001 II, XXIV | substances, it makes collective ideas of substances, as a troop, 1002 II, XXIV | particular all the distinct ideas that make up the composition 1003 II, XXIV | substances are our collective ideas. Amongst such kind of collective 1004 II, XXIV | such kind of collective ideas are to be counted most part 1005 II, XXIV | consider all these collective ideas aright, as army, constellation, 1006 II, XXIV | united into so many single ideas, they are but the artificial 1007 II, XXV | Relation, what. Besides the ideas, whether simple or complex, 1008 II, XXV | distinct: therefore any of our ideas may be the foundation of 1009 II, XXV | whiter than free-stone.~2. Ideas of relations without correlative 1010 II, XXV | may be observed, That the ideas of relation may be the same 1011 II, XXV | men who have far different ideas of the things that are related, 1012 II, XXV | those who have far different ideas of a man, may yet agree 1013 II, XXV | and so not only simple ideas and substances, but modes 1014 II, XXV | always be in relation two ideas or things, either in themselves 1015 II, XXV | relation itself a name.~8. Our ideas of relations often clearer 1016 II, XXV | and superinduced, yet the ideas which relative words stand 1017 II, XXV | accurate collection of sundry ideas is necessary. A man, if 1018 II, XXV | idea of that relation. The ideas, then, of relations, are 1019 II, XXV | hard to know all the simple ideas which are really in any 1020 II, XXV | enough to know the simple ideas that make up any relation 1021 II, XXV | is very easy to frame the ideas of brothers, without having 1022 II, XXV | others, standing only for ideas; and those being all either 1023 II, XXV | all terminate in simple ideas. Thirdly, Though there be 1024 II, XXV | concerned about those simple ideas, either of sensation or 1025 II, XXV | will appear to have their ideas from thence, and leave it 1026 II, XXV | them are but certain simple ideas, and so originally derived 1027 II, XXV | lead the mind to any other ideas than are supposed really 1028 II, XXV | relatives made up of simple ideas. Having laid down these 1029 II, XXV | some instances, how all the ideas we have of relation are 1030 II, XXV | others are, only of simple ideas; and that they all, how 1031 II, XXV | terminate at last in simple ideas. I shall begin with the 1032 II, XXVI | Relations ~1. Whence the ideas of cause and effect got. 1033 II, XXVI | this observation we get our ideas of cause and effect. That 1034 II, XXVI | certain collection of simple ideas so called, by the application 1035 II, XXVI | of a collection of simple ideas, quite different from that 1036 II, XXVI | or collection of simple ideas, whether substance or mode, 1037 II, XXVI | such a collection of simple ideas, had not any existence before, 1038 II, XXVI | effect has its rise from ideas received by sensation or 1039 II, XXVI | another place how we get those ideas, it may suffice here to 1040 II, XXVI | consider it as related.~4. Some ideas of time supposed positive 1041 II, XXVI | thought to stand for positive ideas, which yet will, when considered, 1042 II, XXVI | compare their age to different ideas of duration, which are settled 1043 II, XXVI | and bulk, there are some ideas that are relative which 1044 II, XXVI | settled in our minds the ideas of the bigness of several 1045 II, XXVI | countries, taken several-sized ideas to which they compare, and 1046 II, XXVI | power, compared to some ideas we have at that time of 1047 II, XXVI | confined to, and terminate in ideas derived from sensation or 1048 II, XXVII | time, and thereon form the ideas of identity and diversity. 1049 II, XXVII | consists identity, when the ideas it is attributed to vary 1050 II, XXVII | substances. We have the ideas but of three sorts of substances: 1051 II, XXVII | standing for three different ideas;—for such as is the idea 1052 II, XXVII | articulate sounds to what ideas he thinks fit, and change 1053 II, XXVII | person, we must fix the ideas of spirit, man, or person 1054 II, XXVIII| XXVIII~Of Other Relations ~1. Ideas of proportional relations. 1055 II, XXVIII| conversant about those simple ideas received from sensation 1056 II, XXVIII| kindred one to another.~3. Ideas of instituted or voluntary 1057 II, XXVIII| general to his army.~4. Ideas of moral relations. Fourthly, 1058 II, XXVIII| careful to get determined ideas, and avoid, as much as may 1059 II, XXVIII| framed into distinct complex ideas, are, as has been shown 1060 II, XXVIII| there so many determined ideas of mixed modes. But this 1061 II, XXVIII| enough to have determined ideas of them, and to know what 1062 II, XXVIII| and such combinations of ideas. We have a further and greater 1063 II, XXVIII| collection of several simple ideas, the conformity thereto 1064 II, XXVIII| action, that the simple ideas belonging to it may correspond 1065 II, XXVIII| terminated in, these simple ideas we have received from sensation 1066 II, XXVIII| to a collection of simple ideas derived from reflection 1067 II, XXVIII| our own minds, we have the ideas of willing, considering, 1068 II, XXVIII| of those simple sensible ideas which are to be found in 1069 II, XXVIII| the man; all which simple ideas are comprehended in the 1070 II, XXVIII| This collection of simple ideas, being found by me to agree 1071 II, XXVIII| we frame in our minds the ideas of virtues or vices, they 1072 II, XXVIII| of collections of simple ideas, which we originally received 1073 II, XXVIII| either absolutely, or as ideas of relation. To conceive 1074 II, XXVIII| such a collection of simple ideas. Thus drunkenness, or lying, 1075 II, XXVIII| such a collection of simple ideas, which I call mixed modes: 1076 II, XXVIII| as much positive absolute ideas, as the drinking of a horse, 1077 II, XXVIII| of action, by particular ideas, distinguished from all 1078 II, XXVIII| show by these, what the ideas are we have of this comprehensive 1079 II, XXVIII| see from whence we get our ideas of relations, and wherein 1080 II, XXVIII| relations terminate in simple ideas. First, That it is evident, 1081 II, XXVIII| founded on, those simple ideas we have got from sensation 1082 II, XXVIII| nothing but some simple ideas, or collections of simple 1083 II, XXVIII| or collections of simple ideas, compared one with another. 1084 II, XXVIII| decompounded, the simple ideas they are made up of, are, 1085 II, XXVIII| secondly, those sensible simple ideas, signified by the word generation; 1086 II, XXVIII| of it, and all the simple ideas signified by the word child. 1087 II, XXVIII| has all these following ideas to the making of it up: 1088 II, XXVIII| up: first, all the simple ideas, comprehended in the word 1089 II, XXVIII| examined, in particular simple ideas, of which the word good 1090 II, XXVIII| removed from all simple ideas quite, it signifies nothing 1091 II, XXVIII| in a collection of simple ideas: the immediate signification 1092 II, XXVIII| another, still end in simple ideas.~19. We have ordinarily 1093 II, XXVIII| relation, as of the simple ideas in things on which it is 1094 II, XXVIII| we have of those simple ideas wherein it is founded: agreement 1095 II, XXVIII| we have commonly as clear ideas as of any other whatsoever; 1096 II, XXVIII| the distinguishing simple ideas, or their degrees one from 1097 II, XXVIII| brothers. But though the ideas of particular relations 1098 II, XXVIII| more than those of simple ideas. Because relative words, 1099 II, XXIX | Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas ~1. Ideas, some clear and 1100 II, XXIX | Distinct and Confused Ideas ~1. Ideas, some clear and distinct, 1101 II, XXIX | shown the original of our ideas, and taken a view of their 1102 II, XXIX | upon the examination of ideas. I must nevertheless, crave 1103 II, XXIX | clear and obscure in our ideas, by reflecting on what we 1104 II, XXIX | like manner, our simple ideas are clear, when they are 1105 II, XXIX | consider them, they are clear ideas. So far as they either want 1106 II, XXIX | are they obscure. Complex ideas, as they are made up of 1107 II, XXIX | they are clear, when the ideas that go to their composition 1108 II, XXIX | and order of those simple ideas that are the ingredients 1109 II, XXIX | of obscurity, in simple ideas, seem to be either dull 1110 II, XXIX | distinguishes it from all other ideas, which cannot be other, 1111 II, XXIX | different.~6. Confusion of ideas is in reference to their 1112 II, XXIX | that makes the confusion ideas are at any time chargeable 1113 II, XXIX | distinct from all other ideas but itself; that which makes 1114 II, XXIX | these following:~Complex Ideas made up of too few simple 1115 II, XXIX | idea (for it is complex ideas that are most liable to 1116 II, XXIX | small a number of simple ideas, and such only as are common 1117 II, XXIX | contributes to make the ideas we would express by them 1118 II, XXIX | is evident, that confused ideas are such as render the use 1119 II, XXIX | distinct names. When the ideas, for which we use different 1120 II, XXIX | Another fault which makes our ideas confused is, when, though 1121 II, XXIX | supposed to stand for different ideas from those signified by 1122 II, XXIX | or Pompey; i.e. from the ideas signified by those names. 1123 II, XXIX | Just thus it is with our ideas, which are as it were the 1124 II, XXIX | name of confused to our ideas, is, when any one of them 1125 II, XXIX | one precise combination of ideas that makes it up, is said 1126 II, XXIX | occasion of denominating ideas distinct or confused, by 1127 II, XXIX | reference the mind makes of its ideas to such names. This perhaps 1128 II, XXIX | notice of such a reference of ideas to distinct names, as the 1129 II, XXIX | the more particular the ideas are, and the greater and 1130 II, XXIX | separate and distinct from all ideas belonging to other names, 1131 II, XXIX | Confusion concerns always two ideas. Confusion making it a difficulty 1132 II, XXIX | separated, concerns always two ideas; and those most which most 1133 II, XXIX | 12. Causes of confused ideas. This, I think, is the confusion 1134 II, XXIX | the confusion proper to ideas; which still carries with 1135 II, XXIX | be any other confusion of ideas, this is that which most 1136 II, XXIX | thoughts and discourses: ideas, as ranked under names, 1137 II, XXIX | are supposed two different ideas, marked by two different 1138 II, XXIX | confusion; and where any ideas are distinct as the ideas 1139 II, XXIX | ideas are distinct as the ideas of those two sounds they 1140 II, XXIX | variable, and almost no ideas, serves both to cover our 1141 II, XXIX | everywhere wilful. Some ideas are so complex, and made 1142 II, XXIX | precise combination of simple ideas under one name: much less 1143 II, XXIX | more of it.~13. Complex ideas may be distinct in one part, 1144 II, XXIX | in another. Our complex ideas, being made up of collections, 1145 II, XXIX | of a thousand sides, the ideas of the figure may be very 1146 II, XXIX | to distinguish these two ideas one from another, by the 1147 II, XXIX | that part only of these ideas which is contained in their 1148 II, XXIX | to frame in his mind two ideas, one of them distinct from 1149 II, XXIX | sides. In which incomplete ideas, we are very apt to impose 1150 II, XXIX | matter, we have no clear ideas of the smallness of parts 1151 II, XXIX | infinitum, though we have clear ideas of division and divisibility, 1152 II, XXIX | divisibility, and have also clear ideas of parts made out of a whole 1153 II, XXIX | very obscure and confused ideas of corpuscles, or minute 1154 II, XXIX | have clear and distinct ideas of is of what division in 1155 II, XXIX | think he can refine his ideas to that degree, without 1156 II, XXIX | I have no clear distinct ideas of the different bulk or 1157 II, XXIX | that we have clear distinct ideas, we may say, of ten and 1158 II, XXIX | and one, but no distinct ideas of two such extensions. 1159 II, XXIX | our distinct and clear ideas are only of numbers: but 1160 II, XXIX | but the clear distinct ideas of extension after some 1161 II, XXIX | parts we have no distinct ideas at all; but it returns, 1162 II, XXIX | but it returns, as all our ideas of infinite do, at last 1163 II, XXIX | infinite; and therefore our ideas, which are all finite, cannot 1164 II, XXIX | a few doublings of those ideas of extension, which are 1165 II, XXIX | ourselves at a loss; confused ideas, in our arguings and deductions 1166 II, XXX | Of Real and Fantastical Ideas ~1. Ideas considered in 1167 II, XXX | and Fantastical Ideas ~1. Ideas considered in reference 1168 II, XXX | already mentioned concerning ideas, other considerations belong 1169 II, XXX | or false.~First, by real ideas, I mean such as have a foundation 1170 II, XXX | examine the several sorts of ideas before mentioned, we shall 1171 II, XXX | shall find that,~2. Simple ideas are all real appearances 1172 II, XXX | things. First, Our simple ideas are all real, all agree 1173 II, XXX | than pain is; yet those ideas of whiteness and coldness, 1174 II, XXX | sensations; they are real ideas in us, whereby we distinguish 1175 II, XXX | we have to do with, our ideas do as well serve us to that 1176 II, XXX | them. And thus our simple ideas are all real and true, because 1177 II, XXX | pleasure. For in simple ideas (as has been shown) the 1178 II, XXX | has received.~3. Complex ideas are voluntary combinations. 1179 II, XXX | in respect of its simple ideas; yet, I think, we may say 1180 II, XXX | in respect of its complex ideas. For those being combinations 1181 II, XXX | being combinations of simple ideas put together, and united 1182 II, XXX | in forming those complex ideas: how else comes it to pass 1183 II, XXX | relations, made of consistent ideas, are real. Secondly, Mixed 1184 II, XXX | required to this kind of ideas to make them real, but that 1185 II, XXX | conformable to them. These ideas themselves, being archetypes, 1186 II, XXX | together in them inconsistent ideas. Indeed, as any of them 1187 II, XXX | speech, than reality of ideas. For a man to be undisturbed 1188 II, XXX | anything but itself.~5. Complex ideas of substances are real, 1189 II, XXX | things. Thirdly, Our complex ideas of substances, being made 1190 II, XXX | such combinations of simple ideas as are really united, and 1191 II, XXX | such collections of simple ideas as were really never united, 1192 II, XXX | be that as it will, these ideas of substances, being made 1193 II, XXX | consisting of such collections of ideas as no substance ever showed 1194 II, XXX | much more are those complex ideas so, which contain in them 1195 II, XXXI | Adequate and Inadequate Ideas ~1. Adequate ideas are such 1196 II, XXXI | Inadequate Ideas ~1. Adequate ideas are such as perfectly represent 1197 II, XXXI | archetypes. Of our real ideas, some are adequate, and 1198 II, XXXI | refers them. Inadequate ideas are such, which are but 1199 II, XXXI | account it is plain,~2. Simple ideas all adequate. First, that 1200 II, XXXI | First, that all our simple ideas are adequate. Because, being 1201 II, XXXI | sugar produce in us the ideas which we call whiteness 1202 II, XXXI | in sugar to produce those ideas in our minds, or else they 1203 II, XXXI | power: and so all simple ideas are adequate. It is true, 1204 II, XXXI | producing in us these simple ideas are but few of them denominated 1205 II, XXXI | of them; but as if those ideas were real beings in them. 1206 II, XXXI | a power to excite these ideas in us; and therefore are 1207 II, XXXI | but powers to excite such ideas in us, I must in that sense 1208 II, XXXI | being in things; or of their ideas as being the objects that 1209 II, XXXI | excite certain sensations or ideas in us. Since were there 1210 II, XXXI | those organs to receive the ideas of light and heat by those 1211 II, XXXI | rest, whereof we have the ideas, would be really in the 1212 II, XXXI | proceed to show what complex ideas are adequate, and what not.~ 1213 II, XXXI | adequate. Secondly, our complex ideas of modes, being voluntary 1214 II, XXXI | voluntary collections of simple ideas, which the mind puts together, 1215 II, XXXI | and cannot but be adequate ideas. Because they, not being 1216 II, XXXI | them that combination of ideas, and thereby that perfection, 1217 II, XXXI | however it exists. But in our ideas of substances it is otherwise. 1218 II, XXXI | depend, we perceive our ideas attain not that perfection 1219 II, XXXI | have in it any other simple ideas but what it hath, it could 1220 II, XXXI | speech, to correspond to the ideas in some other mind. Therefore 1221 II, XXXI | Therefore these complex ideas of modes, which they are 1222 II, XXXI | intended to correspond to the ideas in the mind of some other 1223 II, XXXI | And on this account our ideas of mixed modes are the most 1224 II, XXXI | speaking than knowing right.~6. Ideas of substances, as referred 1225 II, XXXI | adequate. Thirdly, what ideas we have of substances, I 1226 II, XXXI | above shown. Now, those ideas have in the mind a double 1227 II, XXXI | things that do exist, by ideas of those qualities that 1228 II, XXXI | standing for nothing but the ideas that are in men’s minds, 1229 II, XXXI | must constantly refer their ideas to such real essences, as 1230 II, XXXI | whence it follows, that the ideas they have in their minds, 1231 II, XXXI | them at all. The complex ideas we have of substances are, 1232 II, XXXI | certain collections of simple ideas that have been observed 1233 II, XXXI | plain that in our complex ideas of substances are not contained 1234 II, XXXI | substances are not contained such ideas, on which all the other 1235 II, XXXI | confess I have no distinct ideas at all; and, I am apt to 1236 II, XXXI | the names know not, their ideas of substances must be all 1237 II, XXXI | intends they should.~8. Ideas of substances, when regarded 1238 II, XXXI | by putting together the ideas of those sensible qualities 1239 II, XXXI | not at perfectly adequate ideas of those substances they 1240 II, XXXI | whereof we make their complex ideas, are so many and various, 1241 II, XXXI | them all. That our complex ideas of substances do not contain 1242 II, XXXI | contain in them all the simple ideas that are united in the things 1243 II, XXXI | substance all the simple ideas they do know to exist in 1244 II, XXXI | they make their specific ideas of the sorts of substance, 1245 II, XXXI | of a few of those simple ideas which are to be found in 1246 II, XXXI | that both these ways our ideas of substances are deficient 1247 II, XXXI | and inadequate. The simple ideas whereof we make our complex 1248 II, XXXI | we should have adequate ideas of any substance made up 1249 II, XXXI | usually make up our complex ideas of substances. Whosoever 1250 II, XXXI | perhaps added to these the ideas of fusibility and fixedness, 1251 II, XXXI | contained in our complex ideas of them. But no one who 1252 II, XXXI | an hundred times as many ideas go to the complex idea of 1253 II, XXXI | mathematicians discovered of it.~11. Ideas of substances, being got 1254 II, XXXI | So that all our complex ideas of substances are imperfect 1255 II, XXXI | were to have our complex ideas of them, only by collecting 1256 II, XXXI | and imperfect would our ideas be of an ellipsis, if we 1257 II, XXXI | inseparable from it.~12. Simple ideas, ektupa, and adequate. Thus 1258 II, XXXI | three sorts of abstract ideas or nominal essences:~First, 1259 II, XXXI | essences:~First, simple ideas, which are ektupa or copies; 1260 II, XXXI | produce a different idea.~13. Ideas of substances are ektupa, 1261 II, XXXI | inadequate. Secondly, the complex ideas of substances are ectypes, 1262 II, XXXI | whatever collection of simple ideas it makes of any substance 1263 II, XXXI | Whereby it is plain, that our ideas of substances are not adequate; 1264 II, XXXI | substance is in itself.~14. Ideas of modes and relations are 1265 II, XXXI | adequate. Thirdly, complex ideas of modes and relations are 1266 II, XXXI | such collections of simple ideas that the mind itself puts 1267 II, XXXI | conformity with those complex ideas. The ideas, therefore, of 1268 II, XXXI | those complex ideas. The ideas, therefore, of modes and 1269 II, XXXII | XXXII~Of True and False Ideas ~1. Truth and falsehood 1270 II, XXXII | to propositions, not to ideas. Though truth and falsehood 1271 II, XXXII | only to propositions: yet ideas are oftentimes termed true 1272 II, XXXII | Though I think that when ideas themselves are termed true 1273 II, XXXII | that denomination. For our ideas, being nothing but bare 1274 II, XXXII | to be true or false.~2. Ideas and words may be said to 1275 II, XXXII | inasmuch as they really are ideas and words. Indeed both ideas 1276 II, XXXII | ideas and words. Indeed both ideas and words may be said to 1277 II, XXXII | secret reference to our ideas, looked upon as the standards 1278 II, XXXII | we examine, whether our ideas are capable of being true 1279 II, XXXII | words: and so I say that the ideas in our minds, being only 1280 II, XXXII | negation, mental or verbal, our ideas are not capable, any of 1281 II, XXXII | denies something of them.~4. Ideas referred to anything extraneous 1282 II, XXXII | the mind refers any of its ideas to anything extraneous to 1283 II, XXXII | be true or false, so the ideas themselves come to be denominated. 1284 II, XXXII | following:~5. Other men’s ideas; real existence; and supposed 1285 II, XXXII | men usually refer their ideas to. First, when the mind 1286 II, XXXII | mind intends or judges its ideas of justice, temperance, 1287 II, XXXII | existence. Thus the two ideas of a man and a centaur, 1288 II, XXXII | centaur, supposed to be the ideas of real substances, are 1289 II, XXXII | the mind refers any of its ideas to that real constitution 1290 II, XXXII | greatest part, if not all our ideas of substances, are false.~ 1291 II, XXXII | make concerning its own ideas. But yet, if we will examine 1292 II, XXXII | concerning its abstract complex ideas. For the natural tendency 1293 II, XXXII | things under comprehensive ideas, with names annexed to them, 1294 II, XXXII | How men suppose that their ideas must correspond to things, 1295 II, XXXII | given to it; it is in our ideas that both the rightness 1296 II, XXXII | suppose, that the abstract ideas they have in their minds 1297 II, XXXII | double conformity of their ideas, they find they should both 1298 II, XXXII | unintelligibly to others.~9. Simple ideas may be false, in reference 1299 II, XXXII | that when the truth of our ideas is judged of by the conformity 1300 II, XXXII | conformity they have to the ideas which other men have, and 1301 II, XXXII | them false. But yet simple ideas are least of all liable 1302 II, XXXII | himself what the simple ideas are which their several 1303 II, XXXII | mistakes in his names of simple ideas, or applies the name red 1304 II, XXXII | to confound the names of ideas belonging to different senses, 1305 II, XXXII | evident that the simple ideas they call by any name are 1306 II, XXXII | use the same names.~10. Ideas of mixed modes most liable 1307 II, XXXII | false in this sense. Complex ideas are much more liable to 1308 II, XXXII | respect; and the complex ideas of mixed modes, much more 1309 II, XXXII | And so in referring our ideas to those of other men, called 1310 II, XXXII | false. But whether or no our ideas of mixed modes are more 1311 II, XXXII | familiarly attributed to our ideas of mixed modes than to any 1312 II, XXXII | his agrees not with the ideas which each of those names 1313 II, XXXII | this: That the abstract ideas of mixed modes, being men’ 1314 II, XXXII | precise collection of simple ideas, and so the essence of each 1315 II, XXXII | else to refer these our ideas of mixed modes to, as a 1316 II, XXXII | would conform them, but the ideas of those who are thought 1317 II, XXXII | significations; and, so as our ideas conform or differ from them, 1318 II, XXXII | truth and falsehood of our ideas, in reference to their names.~ 1319 II, XXXII | real existence, none of our ideas can be false but those of 1320 II, XXXII | truth and falsehood of our ideas, in reference to the real 1321 II, XXXII | false but only our complex ideas of substances.~14. Simple 1322 II, XXXII | of substances.~14. Simple ideas in this sense not false, 1323 II, XXXII | and why. First, our simple ideas, being barely such perceptions 1324 II, XXXII | what they should be, true ideas. Nor do they become liable 1325 II, XXXII | believe it does) judges these ideas to be in the things themselves. 1326 II, XXXII | falsehood to our simple ideas, if by the different structure 1327 II, XXXII | several men’s minds different ideas at the same time; v.g. if 1328 II, XXXII | those organs; neither the ideas hereby, nor the names, would 1329 II, XXXII | as if the appearances or ideas in his mind received from 1330 II, XXXII | exactly the same with the ideas in other men’s minds. I 1331 II, XXXII | think that the sensible ideas produced by any object in 1332 II, XXXII | to examine it.~16. Simple ideas can none of them be false 1333 II, XXXII | said concerning our simple ideas, I think it evident that 1334 II, XXXII | evident that our simple ideas can none of them be false 1335 II, XXXII | sweet, can never be false ideas: these perceptions in the 1336 II, XXXII | makes no falsehood in the ideas; as if a man ignorant in 1337 II, XXXII | neither can our complex ideas of modes, in reference to 1338 II, XXXII | because whatever complex ideas I have of any mode, it hath 1339 II, XXXII | contain in it any other ideas than what it hath; nor to 1340 II, XXXII | but such a complication of ideas as it does. Thus, when I 1341 II, XXXII | of virtue and vice.~18. Ideas of substances may be false 1342 II, XXXII | things. Thirdly, our complex ideas of substances, being all 1343 II, XXXII | as collections of simple ideas in the mind, taken from 1344 II, XXXII | from combinations of simple ideas existing together constantly 1345 II, XXXII | of things, they are false ideas:—(1) When they put together 1346 II, XXXII | they put together simple ideas, which in the real existence 1347 II, XXXII | like a dog: which three ideas, however put together into 1348 II, XXXII | false idea of a horse. (2) Ideas of substances are, in this 1349 II, XXXII | any collection of simple ideas that do always exist together, 1350 II, XXXII | contains not all the simple ideas that are united in nature, 1351 II, XXXII | and upon what ground our ideas may be sometimes called 1352 II, XXXII | we chiefly use are either ideas or words; wherewith we make 1353 II, XXXII | fully shown hereafter.~20. Ideas in themselves neither true 1354 II, XXXII | false representations, or ideas of things they do not represent. 1355 II, XXXII | mixed modes, though other ideas also are liable to it.~22. 1356 II, XXXII | certain number of simple ideas that do really exist together 1357 II, XXXII | v.g. having joined the ideas of substance, yellow, malleable, 1358 II, XXXII | inseparable from those other ideas, or qualities, of that body 1359 II, XXXII | consists in a very few ideas: three lines including a 1360 II, XXXII | constitution are endless.~25. Ideas, when called false. To conclude, 1361 II, XXXII | matter, I think that our ideas, as they are considered 1362 II, XXXII | be called right or wrong ideas, according as they agree 1363 II, XXXII | mental proposition. The ideas that are in a man’s mind, 1364 II, XXXII | jumbled together. All other ideas are in themselves right, 1365 II, XXXIII| XXXIII~Of the Association of Ideas ~1. Something unreasonable 1366 II, XXXIII| From a wrong connexion of ideas. Some of our ideas have 1367 II, XXXIII| connexion of ideas. Some of our ideas have a natural correspondence 1368 II, XXXIII| is another connexion of ideas wholly owing to chance or 1369 II, XXXIII| owing to chance or custom. Ideas that in themselves are not 1370 II, XXXIII| This strong combination of ideas, not allied by nature, the 1371 II, XXXIII| comprehend thinking, thus ideas seem to be produced in our 1372 II, XXXIII| once begin in his head, the ideas of the several notes of 1373 II, XXXIII| the natural cause of these ideas, as well as of that regular 1374 II, XXXIII| of the tying together of ideas.~7. Some antipathies an 1375 II, XXXIII| accidental connexion of two ideas, which either the strength 1376 II, XXXIII| the very idea of it; other ideas of dislike, and sickness, 1377 II, XXXIII| prevent the undue connexion of ideas in the minds of young people. 1378 II, XXXIII| overlooked.~9. Wrong connexion of ideas a great cause of errors. 1379 II, XXXIII| connexion in our minds of ideas in themselves loose and 1380 II, XXXIII| after.~10. An instance. The ideas of goblins and sprites have 1381 II, XXXIII| with it those frightful ideas, and they shall be so joined, 1382 II, XXXIII| mind, so cements those two ideas together, that he makes 1383 II, XXXIII| from the effects of it. Ideas in our minds, when they 1384 II, XXXIII| the union between these ideas is never dissolved, spend 1385 II, XXXIII| effect of the association of ideas. A friend of mine knew one 1386 II, XXXIII| corrected for, so join those ideas together, that a book becomes 1387 II, XXXIII| reason of some accidental ideas which are annexed to them, 1388 II, XXXIII| though less observed. Let the ideas of being and matter be strongly 1389 II, XXXIII| unnatural combinations of ideas will be found to establish 1390 II, XXXIII| speaking of: some independent ideas, of no alliance to one another, 1391 II, XXXIII| mistakes that follow in two ideas that they have been accustomed 1392 II, XXXIII| confusion of two different ideas, which a customary connexion 1393 II, XXXIII| sorts, and extent of our IDEAS, with several other considerations 1394 II, XXXIII| close a connexion between ideas and WORDS, and our abstract 1395 II, XXXIII| WORDS, and our abstract ideas and general words have so 1396 III, I | these sounds as signs of ideas. Besides articulate sounds, 1397 III, I | them stand as marks for the ideas within his own mind, whereby 1398 III, I | sounds can be made signs of ideas, unless those signs can 1399 III, I | by the difference of the ideas they were made signs of: 1400 III, I | made to stand for general ideas, and those remaining particular, 1401 III, I | remaining particular, where the ideas they are used for are particular.~ 1402 III, I | the absence of positive ideas. Besides these names which 1403 III, I | these names which stand for ideas, there be other words which 1404 III, I | want or absence of some ideas, simple or complex, or all 1405 III, I | simple or complex, or all ideas together; such as are nihil 1406 III, I | belong to, or signify no ideas: for then they would be 1407 III, I | they relate to positive ideas, and signify their absence.~ 1408 III, I | such as signify sensible ideas. It may also lead us a little 1409 III, I | have on common sensible ideas; and how those which are 1410 III, I | and from obvious sensible ideas are transferred to more 1411 III, I | significations, and made to stand for ideas that come not under the 1412 III, I | first rise from sensible ideas. By which we may give some 1413 III, I | themselves, or any other ideas that came not under their 1414 III, I | words from ordinary known ideas of sensation, by that means 1415 III, I | by words all their other ideas; since they could consist 1416 III, I | as has been proved, no ideas at all, but what originally 1417 III, II | necessary for communication of ideas. Man, though he have great 1418 III, II | whereof those invisible ideas, which his thoughts are 1419 III, II | men as the signs of their ideas; not by any natural connexion 1420 III, II | articulate sounds and certain ideas, for then there would be 1421 III, II | to be sensible marks of ideas; and the ideas they stand 1422 III, II | marks of ideas; and the ideas they stand for are their 1423 III, II | the sensible signs of his ideas who uses them. The use men 1424 III, II | were, to bring out their ideas, and lay them before the 1425 III, II | stand for nothing but the ideas in the mind of him that 1426 III, II | soever or carelessly those ideas are collected from the things 1427 III, II | marks, may make known his ideas to the hearer. That then 1428 III, II | are the marks of are the ideas of the speaker: nor can 1429 III, II | to anything else but the ideas that he himself hath: for 1430 III, II | yet apply them to other ideas; which would be to make 1431 III, II | signs and not signs of his ideas at the same time, and so 1432 III, II | his own. Till he has some ideas of his own, he cannot suppose 1433 III, II | represents to himself other men’s ideas by some of his own, if he 1434 III, II | it is still to his own ideas; to ideas that he has, and 1435 III, II | still to his own ideas; to ideas that he has, and not to 1436 III, II | that he has, and not to ideas that he has not.~3. Examples 1437 III, II | man’s mouth, stand for the ideas he has, and which he would 1438 III, II | secretly referred first to the ideas supposed to be in other 1439 III, II | signify nothing but the ideas that are in the mind of 1440 III, II | words to be marks of the ideas in the minds also of other 1441 III, II | the former does to simple ideas and modes, we shall speak 1442 III, II | stand for anything but those ideas we have in our own minds.~ 1443 III, II | Words by use readily excite ideas of their objects. Concerning 1444 III, II | immediately the signs of men’s ideas, and by that means the instruments 1445 III, II | between certain sounds and the ideas they stand for, that the 1446 III, II | as readily excite certain ideas as if the objects themselves, 1447 III, II | signification of words are ideas in the mind of the speaker, 1448 III, II | them learned before the ideas are known for which they 1449 III, II | to excite in men certain ideas so constantly and readily, 1450 III, II | signify only men’s peculiar ideas, and that by a perfect arbitrary 1451 III, II | same language) the same ideas we take them to be signs 1452 III, II | make words stand for what ideas he pleases, that no one 1453 III, II | make others have the same ideas in their minds that he has, 1454 III, II | certain sounds to certain ideas in all languages, which 1455 III, II | s words excite the same ideas in the hearer which he makes 1456 III, II | them, is limited to his ideas, and they can be signs of 1457 III, III | the mind makes between its ideas and the sounds it uses as 1458 III, III | mind should have distinct ideas of the things, and retain 1459 III, III | frame and retain distinct ideas of all the particular things 1460 III, III | whereof I alone having the ideas in my mind, the names of 1461 III, III | made the signs of general ideas: and ideas become general, 1462 III, III | signs of general ideas: and ideas become general, by separating 1463 III, III | and place, and any other ideas that may determine them 1464 III, III | way we enlarge our complex ideas from infancy. But, to deduce 1465 III, III | what steps we enlarge our ideas from our first infancy. 1466 III, III | more evident, than that the ideas of the persons children 1467 III, III | themselves, only particular. The ideas of the nurse and the mother 1468 III, III | further enlarge our complex ideas, by still leaving out properties 1469 III, III | but abstract and partial ideas of more complex ones. That 1470 III, III | men first formed general ideas, and general names to them, 1471 III, III | such abstract and partial ideas of more complex ones, taken 1472 III, III | those particular complex ideas of several particular existences 1473 III, III | agree in? Of the complex ideas signified by the names man 1474 III, III | which stand for any of our ideas whatsoever. To conclude: 1475 III, III | nothing else but abstract ideas, more or less comprehensive, 1476 III, III | enumerating the several simple ideas which the next general word 1477 III, III | enumerating those simple ideas that are combined in the 1478 III, III | itself into those enumerated ideas. I have, in explaining the 1479 III, III | signs, whether words or ideas. Words are general, as has 1480 III, III | used for signs of general ideas, and so are applicable indifferently 1481 III, III | many particular things; and ideas are general when they are 1482 III, III | existence, even those words and ideas which in their signification 1483 III, III | added to them.~12. Abstract ideas are the essences of genera 1484 III, III | else but these abstract ideas. For the having the essence 1485 III, III | and makes those general ideas.~13. They are the workmanship 1486 III, III | to make abstract general ideas, and set them up in the 1487 III, III | agreeing to those abstract ideas, of which we have made those 1488 III, III | names, but those abstract ideas in the mind; which are, 1489 III, III | particular beings, these abstract ideas are the medium that unites 1490 III, III | but those precise abstract ideas we have in our minds. And 1491 III, III | different from our abstract ideas, cannot be the essences 1492 III, III | of things by our abstract ideas, this is easy to resolve: 1493 III, III | these essences, or abstract ideas (which are the measures 1494 III, III | different collections of simple ideas; and therefore that is covetousness 1495 III, III | substances, where their abstract ideas seem to be taken from the 1496 III, III | various collection of simple ideas, which the understanding 1497 III, III | stand for such distinct ideas are the names of things 1498 III, III | And thus any two abstract ideas, that in any part vary one 1499 III, III | any collection of simple ideas co-existing must depend. 1500 III, III | agree to certain abstract ideas, to which we have annexed