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The Prince
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  • CHAPTER III CONCERNING MIXED PRINCIPALITIES
  1: Duke Lodovico was Lodovico Moro, a son of Francesco Sforza, who married Beatrice d’Este. He ruled[...]
  2: Louis XII, King of France, “The Father of the People,” born 1462, died 1515.
  3: Charles VIII, King of France, born 1470, died 1498.
  4: Louis XII divorced his wife, Jeanne, daughter of Louis XI, and married in 1499 Anne of Brittany, [...]
  5: The Archbishop of Rouen. He was Georges d’Amboise, created a cardinal by Alexander VI. Born 1460,[...]
  6: So called — in Italian — from the duchy of Valentinois, conferred on him by Louis XII.


  • CHAPTER VI CONCERNING NEW PRINCIPALITIES WHICH ARE ACQUIRED BY ONE’S OWN ARMS AND ABILITY
  7: Hiero II, born about 307 B.C., died 216 B.C.


  • CHAPTER VII CONCERNING NEW PRINCIPALITIES WHICH ARE ACQUIRED EITHER BY THE ARMS OF OTHERS OR BY GOOD FORTUNE
  8: “Le radici e corrispondenze,” their roots (i.e. foundations) and correspondencies or relations wi[...]
  9: Francesco Sforza, born 1401, died 1466. He married Bianca Maria Visconti, a natural daughter of Fi[...]
  10: Sinigalia, 31st December 1502.
  11: Ramiro d’Orco. Ramiro de Lorqua.
  12: Alexander VI died of fever, 18th August 1503.
  13: Julius II was Giuliano della Rovere, Cardinal of San Pietro ad Vincula, born 1443, died 1513.
  14: Julius II had been Cardinal of San Pietro ad Vincula; San Giorgio was Raffaells Riaxis, and Ascan[...]


  • CHAPTER VIII CONCERNING THOSE WHO HAVE OBTAINED A PRINCIPALITY BY WICKEDNESS
  15: Agathocles the Sicilian, born 361 B.C., died 289 B.C.
  16: Mr Burd suggests that this word probably comes near the modern equivalent of Machiavelli’s though[...]


  • CHAPTER IX CONCERNING A CIVIL PRINCIPALITY
  17: Nabis, tyrant of Sparta, conquered by the Romans under Flamininus in 195 B.C.; killed 192 B.C. [...]
  18: Messer Giorgio Scali. This event is to be found in Machiavelli’s “Florentine History,” Book III.


  • CHAPTER XI CONCERNING ECCLESIASTICAL PRINCIPALITIES
  19: Charles VIII invaded Italy in 1494.
  20: Pope Leo X was the Cardinal de’ Medici.


  • CHAPTER XII HOW MANY KINDS OF SOLDIERY THERE ARE, AND CONCERNING MERCENARIES
  21: “With chalk in hand,” “col gesso.” This is one of the bons mots of Alexander VI, and refers to th[...]
  22: Battle of Caravaggio, 15th September 1448.
  23: Johanna II of Naples, the widow of Ladislao, King of Naples.
  24: Giovanni Acuto. An English knight whose name was Sir John Hawkwood. He fought in the English wars [...]
  25: Carmignuola. Francesco Bussone, born at Carmagnola about 1390, executed at Venice, 5th May 1432. [...]
  26: Bartolomeo Colleoni of Bergamo; died 1457. Roberto of San Severino; died fighting for Venice again[...]
  27: Battle of Vaila in 1509.
  28: Alberigo da Conio. Alberico da Barbiano, Count of Cunio in Romagna. He was the leader of the famo[...]


  • CHAPTER XIII CONCERNING AUXILIARIES, MIXED SOLDIERY, AND ONE’S OWN
  29: Ferdinand V (F. II of Aragon and Sicily, F. III of Naples), surnamed “The Catholic,” born 1542, d[...]
  30: Joannes Cantacuzenus, born 1300, died 1383.
  31: Charles VII of France, surnamed “The Victorious,” born 1403, died 1461.
  32: Louis XI, son of the above, born 1423, died 1483.
  33: “Many speakers to the House the other night in the debate on the reduction of armaments seemed to[...]


  • CHAPTER XIV THAT WHICH CONCERNS A PRINCE ON THE SUBJECT OF THE ART OF WAR
  34: Philopoemen, “the last of the Greeks,” born 252 B.C., died 183 B.C.


  • CHAPTER XVII CONCERNING CRUELTY AND CLEMENCY, AND WHETHER IT IS BETTER TO BE LOVED THAN FEARED
  35: During the rioting between the Cancellieri and Panciatichi factions in 1502 and 1503.
  36: ...against my will, my fate, A throne unsettled, and an infant state, Bid me defend my realms wi[...]


  • CHAPTER XVIII CONCERNING THE WAY IN WHICH PRINCES SHOULD KEEP FAITH
  37: “The present chapter has given greater offence than any other portion of Machiavelli’s writings.”[...]
  38: “Contesting,” i.e. “striving for mastery.” Mr Burd points out that this passage is imitated direc[...]
  39: “Nondimanco sempre gli succederono gli inganni (ad votum).” The words “ad votum” are omitted in t[...]
  40: “Contrary to fidelity” or “faith,” “contro alla fede,” and “tutto fede,” “altogether faithful,” i[...]
  41: Ferdinand of Aragon. “When Machiavelli was writing ‘The Prince’ it would have been clearly imposs[...]


  • CHAPTER XIX THAT ONE SHOULD AVOID BEING DESPISED AND HATED
  42: Giovanni Bentivogli, born in Bologna 1438, died at Milan 1508. He ruled Bologna from 1462 to 1506[...]


  • CHAPTER XX ARE FORTRESSES, AND MANY OTHER THINGS TO WHICH PRINCES OFTEN RESORT, ADVANTAGEOUS OR HURTFUL?
  43: Catherine Sforza, a daughter of Galeazzo Sforza and Lucrezia Landriani, born 1463, died 1509. It [...]


  • CHAPTER XXI HOW A PRINCE SHOULD CONDUCT HIMSELF SO AS TO GAIN RENOWN
  44: “Guilds or societies,” “in arti o in tribu.” “Arti” were craft or trade guilds, cf. Florio: “Arte[...]


  • CHAPTER XXIII HOW FLATTERERS SHOULD BE AVOIDED
  45: Maximilian I, born in 1459, died 1519, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He married, first, Mary,[...]


  • CHAPTER XXV WHAT FORTUNE CAN EFFECT IN HUMAN AFFAIRS, AND HOW TO WITHSTAND HER
  46: Frederick the Great was accustomed to say: “The older one gets the more convinced one becomes tha[...]


  • CHAPTER XXVI AN EXHORTATION TO LIBERATE ITALY FROM THE BARBARIANS
  47: Giuliano de Medici. He had just been created a cardinal by Leo X. In 1523 Giuliano was elected Pop[...]
  48: The battles of Il Taro, 1495; Alessandria, 1499; Capua, 1501; Genoa, 1507; Vaila, 1509; Bologna, 1[...]
  49: Virtue against fury shall advance the fight, And it i’ th’ combat soon shall put to flight; For [...]


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