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Niccolò Machiavelli
On the Art of War

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1501 7 | should be able to dress in silk, except whoever keeps a 1502 1 | or those which have some similarity.~FABRIZIO: You have come 1503 7 | men, and not accustomed to sincere obedience. It is not enough, 1504 5 | the ford, so that horses sink, what remedy do you have?~ 1505 3 | should be such that I could situate it on the flank in a safe 1506 2 | it happens in particular situations, that you must make a front 1507 6 | in which there would be sixteen quarters, and total thirty 1508 6 | ability to demonstrate their skill and virtu. So this suffices 1509 2 | Cuirass which, with the skirt, came down to the knees, 1510 6 | the four regions of the sky, that is, east, west, south 1511 7 | a town, been repulsed or slain. The remedy is, that the 1512 4 | out that (the enemy) say slanderous things of them, and showing 1513 4 | fills with hope, praises, slanders, and does all those things 1514 2 | understand. Those others who are slave, to whom such examples ought 1515 2 | put to death or remained slaves in perpetuity, where they 1516 4 | had pointed out to him the slaying of one of his Heads, for 1517 1 | small stomach, round hips, sleek legs and feet: which parts 1518 7 | Athenian, slew a guard who was sleeping, saying he was leaving him 1519 7 | are easily taken away from slender battlements; the (places 1520 7 | Hissicratus, the Athenian, slew a guard who was sleeping, 1521 7 | Arc-Ballistas, Large Bows, Slingshots; and those with which they 1522 7 | those situated on a rock or sloping mountain, as Monaco and 1523 2 | the halted one, march much slower then those who are in the 1524 7 | ferocious and ready, which by smell, detect the presence of 1525 6 | cannot be called orderly and sober as the ancients, but licentious 1526 1 | rugged things, not in the soft and delicate, and in the 1527 1 | man who disliked living as softly as he, and that he was so 1528 7 | could be found in them any softness or anything to condemn, 1529 1 | addition to tillers of the soil, smiths and blacksmiths, 1530 4 | the Shah in Persia and the Soldan in Syria with nothing else 1531 4 | Sulpicius also placed many soldier-packs on mules and other animals 1532 6 | country, exhibited them with solemn pomp and with great demonstrations 1533 2 | greater industry and more solicitude, and I would train them 1534 3 | not able to maintain the solidity of the Phalanx. With these 1535 5 | sometimes for many days, through solitary and difficult places without 1536 1 | life, nor in that of his sons, having been born in so 1537 2 | for these orders, and the sorrow that I feel seeing that 1538 2 | being at table, and someone sounding the Frigio call, it so excited 1539 7 | allowed the Campanians to sow so that they should lack 1540 7 | that grain which they were sowing. Dionysius, when he was 1541 2 | of only one, despite its spacing, can remedy any ruin. And 1542 4 | but when it is open and spacious, many have employed the 1543 3 | Triari, and with ranks so sparse, as to be able, if necessary, 1544 3 | it weak both from their sparseness and their numbers. But the 1545 7 | Athens was besieged by the Spartans, Alcibiades, in order to 1546 2 | right side. They carried a spear, which they called Pilus, 1547 2 | that, after hurling the spears, they put their hands on 1548 1 | arms, as it is a beautiful spectacle, is thus delightful to the 1549 4 | of your forces cannot be speeded, as must be done in such 1550 1 | the Romans under Matus and Spendius was ended, tumultuously 1551 7 | goes level and they (the spikes) are bent, they sustain 1552 2 | they called Chiocciole (Spiralling). And as I told you that 1553 2 | enkindle or quiet, or firm the spirits of men. And as the sounds 1554 2 | hand in the manner of a spit, I do not know how a staff 1555 4 | them, after they had been split by the river. Some time 1556 4 | Captain. Love of Country springs from nature: that of the 1557 2 | excellent men should not have sprung up. And so likewise in France 1558 2 | less to the pike than the spur, I say that, as soon as 1559 7 | want to see whether any spy has come into the camp during 1560 2 | securely: so that today one squadron of very heavily (armed) 1561 2 | of Macedonia, who carried staffs which they called Sarisse, 1562 4 | talking with a Hind (female stag), which promised him victory 1563 5 | in that part between the stagnant water and the current, always 1564 2 | jumping, strong in driving stakes and wrestling. And these 1565 3 | commission prudently, and stalwartly resist an attack, and should 1566 2 | forward, or to move from a stand-still, or to stand still after 1567 5 | the military up to your standards.~ZANOBI: I believe it is 1568 1 | afterwards, either at a standstill or while marching. All the 1569 2 | which they exalt to the stars (skies) the obstinacy which 1570 4 | to the weaker: then, when starting a battle, they cornered 1571 7 | much praise that all the statues erected in his honor show 1572 1 | profession. As to men of lower status and gregarious soldiers, 1573 2 | all quickly, for the flag staying fixed, the Centurions and 1574 2 | used by the ancients, one stays more securely on the horse 1575 1 | when there is peace, it stems from a corrupt order. As 1576 1 | being deprived of their stipends and of their licentious 1577 2 | with respect to saddles and stirrups not used by the ancients, 1578 6 | that he used to make the stockades around his army in Gaul, 1579 1 | arms, long fingers, a small stomach, round hips, sleek legs 1580 6 | immediately each of them threw stones or darts, or hit him with 1581 7 | in battle, after having stood guard, that is, at dawn, 1582 1 | the shadow they cast. And stopping speaking of this, and somewhat 1583 2 | horses of wood on which they straddled, and jumped over them armed 1584 3 | care of themselves in every strait.~LUIGI: We now await with 1585 4 | resistance was made with some stratagems, as did Sulla, the Roman, 1586 7 | country. Therefore, any straw, grain, and cattle, which 1587 5 | battle. I do not want to stray far from this method, and 1588 4 | were in the middle of the stream, and then assaulted them 1589 1 | by necessity to roam the streets, and justice is forced to 1590 1 | not have a proverb which strengthens my argument, which says: 1591 6 | and consideration of his strengths and weaknesses, have given 1592 3 | which you see with their stride, and with the men-at-arms 1593 4 | one and the other do not strike the front, because both 1594 6 | with a rod: after which striking of the criminal, he was 1595 Pre| WAR~TO~LORENZO DI FILIPPO STROZZI,~A GENTLEMAN OF FLORENCE~ 1596 1 | most ardent in the same studies and loved by him, whose 1597 3 | astonished, and in fact so stupefied, that I do not believe I 1598 7 | flights, and the miraculous (stupendous) losses: and those most 1599 2 | that each one is further subdivided into small Battaglia (Companies), 1600 2 | often in our times been subjected to disgrace by the infantry 1601 2 | gold that makes the enemy submit themselves to you, but only 1602 7 | water protect you from (subterranean) tunnels, the ditches without 1603 6 | 635) arm lengths. I then subtract from each of these spaces 1604 4 | is nothing so capable of success as that which the enemy 1605 1 | which if it is not then successful, it is seen that either 1606 3 | I am pleased with such a successor, as long as you are satisfied 1607 7 | conceded to me what would have sufficed for such an enterprise, 1608 6 | skill and virtu. So this suffices to (answer) your question; 1609 1 | mine and according to my suggestion, say otherwise, and if this 1610 4 | Accilius Glabrius, Caius Sulpicius also placed many soldier-packs 1611 3 | about artillery, and in sum, it seems to me you have 1612 2 | flag and (bugle) sound.~¶ Summarizing, therefore, a Battalion 1613 6 | or wage it only in the summer, and go into quarters in 1614 Pre| than the habitation of a superb and regal palace, which, 1615 1 | Nor does it appear to me superfluous, rather I believe it necessary, 1616 4 | Army, because of certain superstitions, does not want to undertake 1617 6 | because our men are not as superstitious, as because our Religion, 1618 1 | dead since every reason and supervision for adulation is lacking, 1619 1 | organized, in order to supplement it, I would take those of 1620 6 | the site lacked strength, supplied it with (their) art and 1621 1 | the conduct of the war are supportable: but if he lacks this organization, 1622 2 | would need many and frequent supports, even if they are not so 1623 3 | short time ago. But let us suppose they can be kept there, 1624 3 | made up) of ranks, and supposing they had placed fifty men 1625 4 | not trying, see your ruin sure: and in such a case, it 1626 5 | you had been assaulted by surprise, and wanting, in accordance 1627 2 | these, at which do not be surprized, for I speak little of them 1628 3 | resign the speakership, and I surrender it to any of these friends 1629 7 | not succeed. Sieges and surrenders are also easily accomplished, 1630 5 | country which is hostile, or suspected (of being so). And first 1631 2 | most useful not only in sustaining (the attacks of) horses, 1632 2 | Knot (group) of infantry sustains every attack of the cavalry, 1633 6 | they made their soldiers swear to observe the military 1634 7 | gambling, lasciviousness, swearing, and insolence, which they 1635 4 | increases obstinacy, and sweeps away deceptions, promises 1636 5 | forward; which method is more swift and less disorderly than 1637 4 | the wings to move forward swiftly: so that only the wings 1638 2 | also exercise them in their swimming.~¶ I would also do as the 1639 6 | Illirici, and Leptenus the Syracusan against the Carthaginians, 1640 1 | examinations) that every common talent is capable of undertaking 1641 3 | custom, that the youngest talks first; for this being an 1642 3 | men-at-arms, because they are taller and can more easily be hit, 1643 6 | with injury to him. Thus Tamirus did against Cyrus, and Tiberius 1644 2 | partly unnecessary, partly a tangle they do not understand. 1645 7 | Italian Princes, before they tasted the blows of the ultramontane 1646 6 | month, and beyond that to tax the neighboring friends 1647 2 | victory with fame.~¶ As to the teaching of the use of arms, they 1648 1 | remembered by me without tears, as I have recognized in 1649 7 | which I will omit, not to be tedious; for the defenses are easily 1650 3 | to fire. Caesar in Gaul tells, that in coming to battle 1651 2 | they are all of mind and temperament to maintain their ranks 1652 4 | think it is well if I do not tempt fortune further, knowing 1653 2 | whom the ancients called Tergiduttori (Rear-leaders): The Constable, 1654 1 | began to hold fixed the (term of service of the) soldiers, 1655 1 | employment because of the termination of wars, gathered themselves 1656 2 | war, are most useful in terrifying the peasants, and place 1657 7 | virtu merited. Which was testified to by the many epigrams 1658 1 | redoubles that desire. We thank you, therefore, for what 1659 6 | cannot do a greater or more thankful benefit to us than to furnish 1660 7 | armies from Epaminondas, the Theban, became, with these arrangements 1661 | thereby 1662 6 | whom the command is given, thinks of obeying it, and not of 1663 6 | double quarters, and on thirteen roads, counting the Captain’ 1664 2 | Companies, to train them thoroughly, and have them proceed bravely 1665 1 | in a naked state should thrash upon the sand under the 1666 4 | them, reprimands, begs, threatens, fills with hope, praises, 1667 2 | to making men expert in throwing, also makes the arm more 1668 5 | side) closed, and he then throws a wooden bridge, planned 1669 3 | ancients used. According as Thucydides affirms, whistles were used 1670 2 | so that having the river Tiber nearby, they would be able 1671 5 | multitude of the enemy, has tightened his ranks, and given the 1672 1 | want that, in addition to tillers of the soil, smiths and 1673 5 | lacking it, they drank water tinted with a little vinegar, and 1674 2 | solid and with two iron tips, so that if the one side 1675 1 | soldiers, whom they called Tironi, as teachers to train them, 1676 2 | in one place today, and tomorrow fifty miles distant. Because 1677 6 | Maximus, at night placed some torches between the horns of many 1678 2 | is seen in the sacking of Tortona and not Milan, Capua and 1679 4 | out of their hands, and tossing it amid the enemy, offered 1680 2 | that (the side of) one man touches the next; but on the other 1681 5 | arises from not keeping track in these times of the booty ( 1682 6 | I would want in all that tract between them and the said 1683 1 | to their particular arts (trades or professions); and everyone 1684 2 | The third, to teach the trainees the observance of orders 1685 1 | would have made it more tranquil and lasting; for the Captains 1686 5 | call being drawn into a trap)) you ought to look out 1687 6 | Hannibal did, who, being trapped by Fabius Maximus, at night 1688 3 | carriages, for the artillery travel in one direction, and are 1689 3 | desired to be fired while travelling, it is necessary before 1690 5 | because an organized Army travels at its own rate (step), 1691 7 | sought to occupy towns by treachery, corrupting some inside, 1692 5 | with his triumphs, much treasure into the Treasury, which ( 1693 5 | much treasure into the Treasury, which (consisted) entirely 1694 6 | the Roman methods I have treated. You know that at the encounter 1695 7 | obedience, and respect, that a tree full of apples which should 1696 7 | Hollow Metal Fuses (Muscoli), Trench Covers (Plutei), Siege Machines ( 1697 2 | were able to make a great trial with that army with respect 1698 1 | to be made, and of that Tribe they selected four of their 1699 1 | Afterwards, by lot they drew the Tribes, from which the first Selection 1700 6 | was convicted before the Tribune or the Consul, he was struck 1701 1 | being content with the triumph, returned with a desire 1702 5 | Consul brought, with his triumphs, much treasure into the 1703 2 | and to keep harassing and troubling the enemy army so as to 1704 6 | an accord, and to make a truce with him for several days; 1705 7 | overcome without steel. Whoever trusts more in cavalry than in 1706 2 | Constable and Centurion have tufts of feathers on their head-dress 1707 1 | and Spendius was ended, tumultuously chose two leaders, and waged 1708 7 | City of the Veienti: or, by tunnelling they undermined a wall, 1709 7 | Machines (Vinee), Scythes, Turtles (somewhat similar to present 1710 1 | there are for example in Tuscany, does not cause you to have 1711 7 | industry is, to make the walls twisted and full of turned recesses; 1712 1 | which cause a City to be tyrannized; and, as they had a good 1713 1 | provinces, usurping and tyrannizing the country, and imposing 1714 1 | citizens could not create Tyrants, but the evil institutions 1715 2 | mentioned, do not fear an ultimate ruin.~COSIMO: And in the 1716 2 | as in Asia, which virtu ultimately came to decline; for all 1717 7 | from the examples of the Ultramontanes. You may have heard, and 1718 2 | of that ancient military umbrage, in our times is called 1719 6 | the Gauls, the Tuscans, Umbrians, and Samnites. Titus Didius, 1720 4 | affected their cavalry by their unaccustomed noises, that the Turk was 1721 4 | opportunity can arise from the unawareness of the enemy, which frequently 1722 6 | who carry burdens from the unburdened ones. I would quarter all 1723 2 | fighting unstable and full of uncertainties. The Romans, it may be recalled, 1724 1 | usefulness, and preserve the City uncorrupted for a longer time by means 1725 6 | brave, desired rather to undergo the hardship of pursuing 1726 Pre| of God than in him who, undergoing infinite dangers every day, 1727 2 | sustain a blow, and another underneath, so that in rubbing on the 1728 3 | able to have a very good understanding since you have so much discoursed 1729 6 | of sinister omen to their undertakings; for if an arrow fell in 1730 2 | without doubt, bold but undisciplined men are more weak than the 1731 1 | army, and the payment is unendurable to a State; and on the other 1732 3 | the infantry). Also, the unevenness of the ground saves them, 1733 4 | because he had found them unfaithful, he had cunningly sent them 1734 5 | regular way, so that in some unforeseen place, neither the inhabitants 1735 1 | that fortune was not so unfriendly to him that it did not leave 1736 1 | having been born to die young unhonored within his own home, without 1737 5 | should maintain the steps uniform, restraining those which 1738 1 | rules) there must have this unique power: in other matters, 1739 3 | company behind them, and uniting with them, (and) en masse 1740 1 | are undertaken cautiously, unknown to anyone, no none can be 1741 2 | it appears to them partly unnecessary, partly a tangle they do 1742 6 | which I would want left unoccupied would be the Way of the 1743 5 | enemy takes to sudden and unreasonable flight: in such cases, you 1744 5 | against an enemy which is unseen, but which you are continually 1745 4 | may be easily disturbed by unusual forms (sights) or noises; 1746 1 | it on land; which was an unwise belief (distrust), because 1747 1 | them for the horse and its upkeep.~COSIMO: How many would 1748 7 | on one side with feigned uproars, and on the other silently 1749 7 | turned toward the State of Urbino, and occupied a State in 1750 3 | what the hand occupies, uses up an arm’s length of the 1751 1 | despoiling the provinces, usurping and tyrannizing the country, 1752 7 | Borgia, called the Duke Valentine, who, when he was at Nocera 1753 6 | occupied the town. Publius Valerius, fearful of the loyalty 1754 4 | was apprehensive of the valor of Marcus Marcellus. Several, 1755 2 | staff, or, having it, they valued it little, you will read 1756 3 | them into three ranks, the Vanguard, the Company (main body) 1757 7 | does nothing but become vanquished from having been a victor. 1758 4 | help the other. He made the vans of the army full of intervals; 1759 6 | the form according to the variations in the sites. But the Romans 1760 2 | various, so they named them variously. The Doric call (sound) 1761 3 | have the same emblem, but varying with the fields, or with 1762 7 | Romans took the City of the Veienti: or, by tunnelling they 1763 6 | them to think either of Venery, or of games, or of other 1764 3 | would like to follow the Venetian custom, that the youngest 1765 3 | ancients, I will do so. Ventidius, coming to battle with the 1766 1 | compositions of amorous verses, in which (as he was not 1767 7 | come to be (more) straight (vertical), and can sustain all the 1768 4 | against Ariovistus, and Vespatianus in Syria against the Jews. 1769 6 | when his army is in the vicinity of the enemy army, to send 1770 1 | to harden them to endure vicissitudes, so that they then might 1771 7 | vanquished from having been a victor. Whoever does not make provisions 1772 4 | arms organization, fresh victories, and the knowledge of the 1773 3 | long as each of them should vie to be promoted to the second 1774 7 | the enemy. Whoever is more vigilant in observing the designs 1775 7 | Plutei), Siege Machines (Vinee), Scythes, Turtles (somewhat 1776 1 | lowest fortune think of violating the sacred agreement, adhere 1777 1 | be rapacious, deceitful, violent, and have many qualities, 1778 2 | the enemy. When Filippo Visconti, Duke of Milan, was assaulted 1779 1 | in that City in order to visit His Excellency the Duke, 1780 1 | those of greater courage and vitality may be observed. So that, 1781 5 | forward through the open void that exists between the 1782 5 | the Army. Then, into the voids left by them, enter the 1783 3 | same trumpets, but of lower volume and different pitch of sounds 1784 2 | first countersigned, I would wager you would put it (the barrel) 1785 5 | come the left wing with its wagon in the rear, and the remainder 1786 7 | and Sculpture. But as for waiting for me, because of my years, 1787 6 | escape them. But whoever waits, can select the place to 1788 1 | in order to make it after wards into an army; which yet 1789 1 | spirit and are prudent; for warm countries give rise to men 1790 5 | ought you to esteem (be wary) of him. And in this you 1791 5 | happens that the river has washed away the bottom of the ford, 1792 7 | the town. I do not want to waste much time in showing you 1793 5 | and having passed, they wasted and plundered the country, 1794 6 | method is accomplished by watching the things of some of those 1795 5 | the flanks, which does not weaken it. But as the five companies 1796 3 | organized as you, if he weakens himself by assaulting you 1797 7 | others can remember, how weakly things were built before 1798 6 | consideration of his strengths and weaknesses, have given them the occasion 1799 3 | endure hardship in carrying a weapon that cannot defend you.~ 1800 3 | soldiers on foot of our times wear the breastplate or the corselet 1801 7 | in his words, know how to weave a deception, ornament himself 1802 7 | it is lowered, by those weaves and intervals, to be able 1803 2 | put on arms (armor) which weighed more than twice that of 1804 2 | accustom it to carry great weights. This accustoming is necessary, 1805 7 | otherwise than to dig many deep wells within your walls, which 1806 2 | seen from the experience of Western Cities, where these methods 1807 7 | another, which afterwards by wetting or scalding (caused) the 1808 | whereas 1809 2 | Prince, Republic, or King, whichever it may be. It happens, therefore, 1810 2 | as galleys do from the whistle)) as to what they have to 1811 1 | others, whose hair (head) is white and whose blood is icy, 1812 | whomever 1813 1 | are some which were more widely known by the ancients than 1814 7 | the wall, and then again widen it up to the outside edge: 1815 5 | The roads ought to be widened, so that at least one company 1816 4 | that your soldiers are not willing to fight, and you know that 1817 1 | a compulsion mixed with willingness, from which that discontent 1818 6 | with poor color, or short winded, or full of other infections, 1819 7 | it, since the walls being winding and recessed, you can enter 1820 5 | anciently did not happen, as the winner of a war (then) was enriched. 1821 6 | to them that from being winners, they have become losers. 1822 4 | lost, or are won. When one wins, he ought to follow up the 1823 1 | other question, nor did I wish for any other. And although 1824 1 | it away from anyone they wished, and it often occurred that 1825 7 | a beautiful letter, show wit and promptness in his sayings 1826 5 | caused all the wagons to be withdrawn either on the right, or 1827 1 | which he can with little wonderment.~FABRIZIO: You have excused 1828 5 | closed, and he then throws a wooden bridge, planned for such 1829 5 | made an encampment in a woody place (and) suitable to 1830 6 | as are carpenters (wood workers), smiths, blacksmiths, shoe 1831 6 | another to Artificers and workmen, another to the public wagons 1832 2 | ground, it should not be worn out. For attacking, they 1833 4 | the victory. To want to worry the enemy during the battle, 1834 1 | rather they are of the worst of a province; for if nay 1835 2 | and he cannot do anything worthwhile with one hand because of 1836 7 | one also on the outside, wouldnt (the encampment) be stronger?~ 1837 2 | armor, they were exposed to wounds. Afterwards, with time, 1838 7 | part outside, which are woven together from one beam to 1839 1 | demonstrated by some of his writings and compositions of amorous 1840 1 | them wrongly.~COSIMO: The wrong conclusion that he has made 1841 1 | and to have censured them wrongly.~COSIMO: The wrong conclusion 1842 4 | through the counsel of Xantippe, the Lacedemonian, who had 1843 5 | approaching you in the way of yelping dogs around a mastiff. Hannibal, 1844 4 | the weaker part made to yield. When a Captain finds himself


1250-disin | disli-m | machi-silen | silk-yield

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