Sec.

  1 [Title]|        times. It is necessary those men, who taking on them to be
  2 [Title]|    scripture-proofs, were there not men amongst us, who, by crying
  3 1      |        force and violence, and that men live together by no other
  4 4      |            consider, what state all men are naturally in, and that
  5 5      |           Sect. 5. This equality of men by nature, the judicious
  6 5      |   obligation to mutual love amongst men, on which he builds the
  7 5      |             inducement hath brought men to know that it is no less
  8 5      |             is undoubtedly in other men, being of one and the same
  9 6      |        liberty, or possessions: for men being all the workmanship
 10 7      |               Sect. 7. And that all men may be restrained from invading
 11 7      |             other laws that concern men in this world 'be in vain,
 12 8      |           has set to the actions of men, for their mutual security;
 13 9      |            strange doctrine to some men: but before they condemn
 14 9      |         like the rest of the world, men without authority: and therefore,
 15 10     |            common to him with other men, a particular right to seek
 16 11     |            body, and also to secure men from the attempts of a criminal,
 17 11     |            savage beasts, with whom men can have no society nor
 18 12     |           intricate contrivances of men, following contrary and
 19 13     |         that it is unreasonable for men to be judges in their own
 20 13     |             that selflove will make men partial to themselves and
 21 13     |          partiality and violence of men. I easily grant, that civil
 22 13     |           certainly be great, where men may be judges in their own
 23 13     |           absolute monarchs are but men; and if government is to
 24 13     |             necessarily follow from men's being judges in their
 25 13     |            state of nature, wherein men are not bound to submit
 26 14     |              or ever were there any men in such a state of nature?
 27 14     |         will be, without numbers of men in that state. I have named
 28 14     |             state of nature between men, but only this one of agreeing
 29 14     |             promises, and compacts, men may make one with another,
 30 14     |          truck, &c. between the two men in the desert island, mentioned
 31 14     |         keeping of faith belongs to men, as men, and not as members
 32 14     |            faith belongs to men, as men, and not as members of society.~
 33 15     |           say, there were never any men in the state of nature,
 34 15     |             laws of nature, do bind men absolutely, even as they
 35 15     |        absolutely, even as they are men, although they have never
 36 15     |       others: this was the cause of men's uniting themselves at
 37 15     |           moreover affirm, that all men are naturally in that state,
 38 16     |             or a lion; because such men are not under the ties of
 39 19     |             war, which however some men have confounded, are as
 40 19     |  destruction, are one from another. Men living together according
 41 19     |            with authority, puts all men in a state of nature: force
 42 20     |        violence or injuries of some men, or party of men, there
 43 20     |            of some men, or party of men, there it is hard to imagine
 44 21     |              is one great reason of men's putting themselves into
 45 21     |            the supreme judge of all men.~
 46 22     |            any laws: but freedom of men under government is, to
 47 24     |         well as other nations, that men did sell themselves; but,
 48 25     |        reason, which tells us, that men, being once born, have a
 49 25     |            earth to the children of men; given it to mankind in
 50 25     |        shall endeavour to shew, how men might come to have a property
 51 26     |             hath given the world to men in common, hath also given
 52 26     |             is therein, is given to men for the support and comfort
 53 26     |          being given for the use of men, there must of necessity
 54 27     |         creatures, be common to all men, yet every man has a property
 55 27     |           the common right of other men: for this labour being the
 56 34     |           34. God gave the world to men in common; but since he
 57 35     |          common, in respect of some men, it is not so to all mankind;
 58 36     |           well set by the extent of men's labour and the conveniencies
 59 36     |             ages of the world, when men were more in danger to be
 60 36     |    incroachment, though the race of men have now spread themselves
 61 36     |          and the tacit agreement of men to put a value on it, introduced (
 62 37     |          whole heap of corn; though men had a right to appropriate,
 63 39     |              exclusive of all other men, which can no way be proved,
 64 39     |             was, to the children of men in common, we see how labour
 65 39     |           see how labour could make men distinct titles to several
 66 42     |           shews how much numbers of men are to be preferred to largeness
 67 45     |          than mankind makes use of. Men, at first, for the most
 68 45     |           properties of the private men of their society, and so,
 69 47     |             some lasting thing that men might keep without spoiling,
 70 47     |          and that by mutual consent men would take in exchange for
 71 48     |           industry were apt to give men possessions in different
 72 48     |             to be hoarded up, there men will not be apt to enlarge
 73 50     |            only from the consent of men, whereof labour yet makes,
 74 50     |          measure, it is plain, that men have agreed to a disproportionate
 75 50     |             of private possessions, men have made practicable out
 76 52     |             the old are apt to lead men into mistakes, as this of
 77 53     |             might perhaps have kept men from running into those
 78 53     |             serve the turn of those men, who contend so much for
 79 54     |           above, Chap. II. That all men by nature are equal, I cannot
 80 54     |              age or virtue may give men a just precedency: excellency
 81 54     |             the equality, which all men are in, in respect of jurisdiction
 82 60     |           reason that guideth other men which are tutors over them,
 83 62     |           that there is a time when men are to begin to act like
 84 62     |           to begin to act like free men, and therefore till that
 85 72     |            common to him with other men, yet the occasions of shewing
 86 72     |            common to him with other men, yet the occasions of shewing
 87 72     | jurisdiction. And this is the power men generally have to bestow
 88 74(*)  |             and composition between men, judging it convenient and
 89 75     |             him, and when they were men, who fitter to rule them?
 90 85     |             of their masters. These men having, as I say, forfeited
 91 86     |             or any other society of men, differ from that which
 92 87     |             other man, or number of men in the world, hath by nature
 93 87     |      injuries and attempts of other men; but to judge of, and punish
 94 87     |         same to all parties; and by men having authority from the
 95 89     |             therefore any number of men are so united into one society,
 96 89     |            where-ever any number of men, in the state of nature,
 97 89     |      decrees) is due. And this puts men out of a state of nature
 98 89     |             there are any number of men, however associated, that
 99 90     |             monarchy, which by some men is counted the only government
100 91     |              for where-ever any two men are, who have no standing
101 91     |         wrongs, i.e. such as attend men in the state of nature,
102 91     |             rest might be procured. Men always knew that where force
103 91     |              they knew that however men may seek their own commodity,
104 91     |             be suffered, but by all men, and all good means to be
105 92     |             absolute power purifies men's blood, and corrects the
106 93     |           and rebellion: as if when men quitting the state of nature
107 93     |              This is to think, that men are so foolish, that they
108 94     |      understandings, it hinders not men from feeling; and when they
109 94     |             authority, and (as some men would persuade us) sacredness
110 94     |             in collective bodies of men, call them senate, parliament,
111 94     |      equally with other the meanest men, to those laws, which he
112 94(*)  |             became the cause of all men's misery. This constrained
113 94(*)  |         come unto laws, wherein all men might see their duty beforehand,
114 95     |                            Sec. 95. MEN being, as has been said,
115 95     |           is by agreeing with other men to join and unite into a
116 95     |           of it. This any number of men may do, because it injures
117 95     |          nature. When any number of men have so consented to make
118 96     |              For when any number of men have, by the consent of
119 98     |        happen in all collections of men, the coming into society
120 100    |           in story, of a company of men independent, and equal one
121 100    |           impossible of right, that men should do so, because all
122 100    |           should do so, because all men being born under government,
123 101    |            a very little account of men, that lived together in
124 101    |           And if we may not suppose men ever to have been in the
125 101    |             of them, till they were men, and imbodied in armies.
126 102    |         uniting together of several men free and independent one
127 102    |    conjectures, says he, that these men, speaking of those of Peru,
128 102    |           be that as it will, these men, it is evident, were actually
129 102    |             the mutual agreement of men freely acting in the choice
130 104    |             plain on our side, that men are naturally free, and
131 105    |       children, even when they were men, and out of their pupilage;
132 105    |        hardly to be avoided amongst men that live together; who
133 106    |            having given occasion to men to mistake, and think, that
134 107    |             procure and preserve to men all the political happiness
135 107    |         simple, and most obvious to men, whom neither experience
136 108    |            of people and money gave men no temptation to enlarge
137 110    |             last in the world) gave men one of another, made the
138 111    |        concupiscence, had corrupted men's minds into a mistake of
139 111    |        interests from their people, men found it necessary to examine
140 111    |             became the cause of all men's misery. This constrained
141 111    |          come unto laws wherein all men might see their duty before
142 113    |                  Sec. 113. That all men being born under government,
143 113    |             shew him ten other free men at liberty, at the same
144 113    |           own principle, either all men, however born, are free,
145 114    |      argument a little farther. All men, say they, are born under
146 115    |            and profane, as those of men withdrawing themselves,
147 115    |          one universal monarchy, if men had not been at liberty
148 117    |      naturally subjects as they are men.~
149 124    |            chief end, therefore, of men's uniting into commonwealths,
150 124    |             rational creatures; yet men being biassed by their interest,
151 125    |   executioner of the law of nature, men being partial to themselves,
152 125    |            them too remiss in other men's.~
153 127    |           seldom find any number of men live any time together in
154 128    |           vitiousness of degenerate men, there would be no need
155 128    |            other; no necessity that men should separate from this
156 131    |                Sec. 131. But though men, when they enter into society,
157 132    |            as has been shewed, upon men's first uniting into society,
158 132    |           the hands of a few select men, and their heirs or successors;
159 133    |         expresses such a society of men, which community or city
160 134    |          Sec. 134. THE great end of men's entering into society,
161 134    |          whole politic societies of men, belonging so properly unto
162 134    |           we are to note, that sith men naturally have no full and
163 134    |         whole politic multitudes of men, therefore utterly without
164 135    |           as an eternal rule to all men, legislators as well as
165 135    |            that they make for other men's actions, must, as well
166 135    |         well as their own and other men's actions, be conformable
167 135    |            inclination, whereby all men desire sociable life and
168 135    |          order and regiment amongst men, are never framed as they
169 136    |           found but in the minds of men, they who through passion
170 136    |      inconveniences, which disorder men's propperties in the state
171 136    |             in the state of nature, men unite into societies, that
172 136    |              To this end it is that men give up all their natural
173 136    |          are measures in respect of men whose actions they must
174 136    |          iii. sect. 9.~To constrain men to any thing inconvenient
175 137    |       society and government, which men would not quit the freedom
176 137    |             power of 100,000 single men; no body being secure, that
177 137    |           better than that of other men, though his force be 100,
178 137    |            have armed one, or a few men with the joint power of
179 138    |      government, and that for which men enter into society, it necessarily
180 138    |       absurdity for any man to own. Men therefore in society having
181 139    |              and for this end, that men might have and secure their
182 141    |       governed by laws made by such men, and in such forms, no body
183 141    |             body else can say other men shall make laws for them;
184 149    |            for no man or society of men, having a power to deliver
185 163    |          own pleasure or profit. If men were so void of reason,
186 163    |          might indeed be, what some men would have it, an arbitrary
187 165    |        mistake (for princes are but men, made as others) appeared
188 168    |             to all positive laws of men, reserved that ultimate
189 173    |            mean that property which men have in their persons as
190 174    |          property; political, where men have property in their own
191 176    |             be easily agreed by all men, who will not think, that
192 176    |           enough to master; or that men are bound by promises, which
193 184    |           No damage therefore, that men in the state of nature (
194 188    |            us suppose, that all the men of that community, being
195 189    |             than the persons of the men that were subdued by him,
196 192    |             consent, without which, men under any government are
197 194    |          the grants and promises of men in power are but mockery
198 205    |         body, that some few private men should be sometimes in danger
199 208    |           farther than some private men's cases, though they have
200 208    |             one, or a few oppressed men to disturb the government,
201 210    |            in his ship, and want of men and provisions did often
202 211    |           the community, and brings men out of the loose state of
203 212    |            no one man, or number of men, amongst them, can have
204 215    |             not a certain number of men, no, nor their meeting,
205 218    |        certainly the greatest crime men can be guilty of one towards
206 219    |        justice, for the securing of men's rights, nor any remaining
207 220    |            mockery than relief; and men can never be secure from
208 222    |            Sec. 222. The reason why men enter into society, is the
209 222    |           God hath provided for all men, against force and violence.
210 226    |           properly rebels: for when men, by entering into society
211 228    |            same ground, that honest men may not oppose robbers or
212 230    |        government. It is true, such men may stir, whenever they
213 230    |           and turbulency of private men have sometimes caused great
214 233    |             and yet sit still? Must men alone be debarred the common
215 233    |        person hath; that particular men are allowed by our adversaries
216 235    |         imaginary resistance, where men may not strike again. He
217 237    |            to cut off the worthiest men of both ranks, and then
218 239    |              and becomes like other men who have no authority. And
219 239    |             enough to satisfy those men, who relying on him for
220 239    |         tyranny, and would have all men born to, what their mean
221 240    |           ill-affected and factious men may spread amongst the people,
222 240    |         particular cases of private men, why should it be otherwise
223 241    |        decide controversies amongst men, God in heaven is judge.
224 242    |           of the law; there, if any men find themselves aggrieved,
225 243    |      legislative in any assembly of men, to continue in them and