Sec.

  1 3    |            to be a RIGHT of making laws with penalties of death,
  2 3    |           in the execution of such laws, and in the defence of the
  3 7    |         nature would, as all other laws that concern men in this
  4 9    |       country. It is certain their laws, by virtue of any sanction
  5 9    |            supreme power of making laws in England, France or Holland,
  6 12   |          that law, as the positive laws of commonwealths; nay, possibly
  7 12   |        great part of the municipal laws of countries, which are
  8 15   |             10, where he says, The laws which have been hitherto
  9 15   |       hitherto mentioned, i.e. the laws of nature, do bind men absolutely,
 10 20   |       nature, for want of positive laws, and judges with authority
 11 20   |          barefaced wresting of the laws to protect or indemnify
 12 22   |          and not to be tied by any laws: but freedom of men under
 13 30   |            and multiplied positive laws to determine property, this
 14 38   |           their neighbours; and by laws within themselves, settled
 15 42   |         godlike, as by established laws of liberty to secure protection
 16 45   |       distinct territories, and by laws within themselves regulated
 17 50   |            for in governments, the laws regulate the right of property,
 18 57   |          created beings capable of laws, where there is no law,
 19 57   |      within the allowance of those laws under which he is, and therein
 20 59   |          59. This holds in all the laws a man is under, whether
 21 59   |      nature, or under the positive laws of an established government.~
 22 61   |          make him capable of those laws whereby he is then bound
 23 66   |            or an authority to make laws and dispose as they please
 24 69   |           far from a power to make laws, and enforcing them with
 25 70   |        right to any one, of making laws over him from whom they
 26 74   |          of governing, i.e. making laws and enacting penalties on
 27 82   |       nature, or by the customs or laws of the country they live
 28 88   |       which is the power of making laws) as well as it has the power
 29 88   |            is to judge by standing laws, how far offences are to
 30 89   |       legislative thereof, to make laws for him, as the public good
 31 90   |          of that power is, to give laws unto all that are under
 32 90   |           that are under it, which laws in such cases we must obey,
 33 93   |            there must be measures, laws and judges, for their mutual
 34 93   |          be under the restraint of laws, but that he should still
 35 94   |          the meanest men, to those laws, which he himself, as part
 36 94(*)|      constrained them to come unto laws, wherein all men might see
 37 94   |           can be exempted from the laws of it: for if any man may
 38 96   |       impowered to act by positive laws, where no number is set
 39 107  |            than of multiplicity of laws. The equality of a simple
 40 107  |             and so no need of many laws to decide them, or variety
 41 111  |      constrained them to come unto laws wherein all men might see
 42 116  |    polities, that have established laws, and set forms of government,
 43 119  |            make him subject to the laws of any government. There
 44 119  |        obliged to obedience to the laws of that government, during
 45 120  |          is to be regulated by the laws of the society, should be
 46 122  |         122. But submitting to the laws of any country, living quietly,
 47 122  |           whereof the force of its laws extends. But this no more
 48 122  |         obliged to comply with the laws, and submit to the government
 49 127  |    sanctuary under the established laws of government, and therein
 50 129  |        gives up to be regulated by laws made by the society, so
 51 129  |       society shall require; which laws of the society in many things
 52 131  |            by established standing laws, promulgated and known to
 53 131  |      decide controversies by those laws; and to employ the force
 54 131  |           in the execution of such laws, or abroad to prevent or
 55 132  |           all that power in making laws for the community from time
 56 132  |          time, and executing those laws by officers of their own
 57 132  |            put the power of making laws into the hands of a few
 58 132  |           any but the supreme make laws, according as the power
 59 132  |   according as the power of making laws is placed, such is the form
 60 134  |            means of that being the laws established in that society;
 61 134  |           can have a power to make laws, but by their own consent,
 62 134  |           and is directed by those laws which it enacts: nor can
 63 134  |          obedience contrary to the laws so enacted, or farther than
 64 134  |         The lawful power of making laws to command whole politic
 65 134  |          whose persons they impose laws, it is no better than mere
 66 134  |          better than mere tyranny. Laws they are not therefore which
 67 134  |          like universal agreement.~Laws therefore human, of what
 68 135  |          closer, and have by human laws known penalties annexed
 69 135  |         the common good requireth. Laws politic, ordained for external
 70 135  |            obedience to the sacred laws of his nature; in a word,
 71 136  |            by promulgated standing laws, and known authorized judges:
 72 136  |            be governed by declared laws, or else their peace, quiet,
 73 136  |           state of nature.~(*Human laws are measures in respect
 74 136  |         the law of nature; so that laws human must be made according
 75 136  |           according to the general laws of nature, and without contradiction
 76 137  |           without settled standing laws, can neither of them consist
 77 137  |           by declared and received laws, and not by extemporary
 78 137  |        established and promulgated laws; that both the people may
 79 138  |          subjects under the common laws of their country, equally
 80 138  |        there be good and equitable laws to set the bounds of it
 81 139  |          it may have power to make laws, for the regulating of property
 82 141  |       transfer the power of making laws to any other hands: for
 83 141  |          rules, and be governed by laws made by such men, and in
 84 141  |           say other men shall make laws for them; nor can the people
 85 141  |         the people be bound by any laws, but such as are enacted
 86 141  |             and authorized to make laws for them. The power of the
 87 141  |           which being only to make laws, and not to make legislators,
 88 141  |          their authority of making laws, and place it in other hands.~
 89 142  |            promulgated established laws, not to be varied in particular
 90 142  |            plough.~Secondly, These laws also ought to be designed
 91 142  |       transfer the power of making laws to any body else, or place
 92 143  |           of it. But because those laws which are constantly to
 93 143  |           have the power of making laws, to have also in their hands
 94 143  |   themselves from obedience to the laws they make, and suit the
 95 143  |            others, a power to make laws, which when they have done,
 96 143  |          themselves subject to the laws they have made; which is
 97 144  |          Sec. 144. But because the laws, that are at once, and in
 98 144  |            to the execution of the laws that are made, and remain
 99 145  |            such as governed by the laws of the society; yet in reference
100 147  |         execution of the municipal laws of the society within its
101 147  |     antecedent, standing, positive laws, than the executive; and
102 147  |           the public good: for the laws that concern subjects one
103 150  |           power: for what can give laws to another, must needs be
104 150  |           the right it has to make laws for all the parts, and for
105 151  |           society, declared in its laws; and thus he has no will,
106 153  |          is not always need of new laws to be made, but always need
107 153  |           need of execution of the laws that are made. When the
108 153  |           put the execution of the laws, they make, into other hands,
109 153  |      maladministration against the laws. The same holds also in
110 154  |           of old, or making of new laws, or the redress or prevention
111 155  |       exercise the power of making laws, either at certain set times,
112 156  |          with the execution of the laws for the same end? Thus supposing
113 157  |         antecedent to all positive laws in it, and depending wholly
114 158  |            certain and unalterable laws could not safely direct;
115 159  |            foresee, and provide by laws, for all that may be useful
116 159  |     community, the executor of the laws having the power in his
117 159  |            nay, it is fit that the laws themselves should in some
118 159  |           rigid observation of the laws may do harm; (as not to
119 160  |   impossible to foresee, and so by laws to provide for, all accidents
120 160  |            public, or to make such laws as will do no harm, if they
121 160  |         things of choice which the laws do not prescribe.~
122 162  |            but little in number of laws: and the governors, being
123 162  |     prerogative. A few established laws served the turn, and the
124 162  |        people were fain by express laws to get prerogative determined
125 163  |          to be defined by positive laws: for in so doing they have
126 165  |          to the prejudice of their laws, since they acted conformable
127 165  |          foundation and end of all laws, the public good.~
128 168  |          paramount to all positive laws of men, reserved that ultimate
129 171  |     preserved; but a power to make laws, and annex such penalties
130 178  |         one people, under the same laws and freedom; let us see
131 191  |        that belonged to him by the laws of it, and the possessions
132 192  |            they have such standing laws, to which they have by themselves
133 195  |        princes are exempt from the laws of their country; but this
134 195  |         they owe subjection to the laws of God and nature. No body,
135 198  |           other ways than what the laws of the community have prescribed,
136 198  |           he is not the person the laws have appointed, and consequently
137 200  |    commonwealth, in making of good laws and constitutions, to any
138 200  |     observation of the fundamental laws of his kingdom; tacitly,
139 200  |            well the people, as the laws of his kingdom; and expressly,
140 200  |         made to his people, by his laws, in framing his government
141 200  |           to rule according to his laws, And a little after, Therefore
142 200  |         within the limits of their laws; and they that persuade
143 200  |           this, that one makes the laws the bounds of his power,
144 205  |            strength to subvert the laws, nor oppress the body of
145 206  |            acting; and against the laws there can be no authority.
146 209  |            consciences, that their laws, and with them their estates,
147 209  |    preservation of them, and their laws together, not to make them
148 212  |           of persons, and bonds of laws, made by persons authorized
149 212  |           have authority of making laws that shall be binding to
150 212  |       shall take upon them to make laws, whom the people have not
151 212  |      appointed so to do, they make laws without authority, which
152 214  |     arbitrary will in place of the laws, which are the will of the
153 214  |       legislative, whose rules and laws are put in execution, and
154 214  |           to be obeyed; when other laws are set up, and other rules
155 214  |             Whoever introduces new laws, not being thereunto authorized
156 217  |          to be governed by its own laws; this is lost, whenever
157 219  |           that charge, so that the laws already made can no longer
158 219  |       dissolve the government: for laws not being made for themselves,
159 219  |         government left. Where the laws cannot be executed, it is
160 219  |            one as if there were no laws; and a government without
161 219  |           and a government without laws is, I suppose, a mystery
162 220  |         impartial execution of the laws made by it. But the state
163 222  | legislative, is, that there may be laws made, and rules set, as
164 225  |        many wrong and inconvenient laws, and all the slips of human
165 226  |           in the constitutions and laws of the government; those,
166 226  |     excluded force, and introduced laws for the preservation of
167 226  |         again in opposition to the laws, do rebellare, that is,
168 227  |            of any society, and the laws by them made, pursuant to
169 231  |     thereby a power to break those laws, by which alone they were