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| Lucius Annaeus Seneca On the Shortness of Life IntraText CT - Text |
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| XIII. It would be
tedious to mention all the different men who have spent the whole of their life
over chess or ball or the practice of baking their bodies in the sun. They are
not unoccupied whose pleasures are made a busy occupation. For instance, no one
will have any doubt that those are laborious triflers who spend their time on
useless literary problems, of whom even among the
Romans there is now a great number. It was once a foible confined to the Greeks
to inquire into what number of rowers Ulysses had, whether the Iliad or the
Odyssey was written first, whether moreover they belong to the same author, and
various other matters of this stamp, which, if you keep them to yourself, in no
way pleasure your secret soul, and, if you publish them, make you seem more of
a bore than a scholar. But now this vain passion for learning useless things
has assailed the Romans also. In the last few days I heard someone telling who
was the first Roman general to do this or that; Duilius was the first who won a
naval battle, Curius Dentatus was the first who had elephants led in his
triumph. Still, these matters, even if they add nothing to real glory, are
nevertheless concerned with signal services to the state; there will be no
profit in such knowledge, nevertheless it wins our attention by reason of the
attractiveness of an empty subject. We may excuse also those who inquire into
this—who first induced the Romans to go on board ship. It was Claudius, and
this was the very reason he was surnamed Caudex, because among the ancients a
structure formed by joining together several boards was called a caudex,
whence also the Tables of the Law are called codices, 27 and, in
the ancient fashion, boats that carry provisions up the Tiber are even to-day
called codicariae. Doubtless this too may have some point—the fact that
Valerius Corvinus was the first to conquer Messana, and was the first of the
family of the Valerii to bear the surname Messana because be had transferred
the name of the conquered city to himself, and was later called Messala after
the gradual corruption of the name in the popular speech. Perhaps you will
permit someone to be interested also in this—the fact that Lucius Sulla was the
first to exhibit loosed lions in the Circus, though at other times they were
exhibited in chains, and that javelin-throwers were sent by King Bocchus to
despatch them? And, doubtless, this too may find some excuse—but does it serve
any useful purpose to know that Pompey was the first to exhibit the slaughter
of eighteen elephants in the Circus, pitting criminals against them in a mimic
battle? He, a leader of the state and one who, according to report, was
conspicuous among the leaders28 of old for the
kindness of his heart, thought it a notable kind of spectacle to kill human
beings after a new fashion. Do they fight to the death? That is not enough! Are
they torn to pieces? That is not enough! Let them be crushed by animals of
monstrous bulk! Better would it be that these things pass into oblivion lest
hereafter some all-powerful man should learn them and be jealous of an act that
was nowise human. 29 O, what blindness does
great prosperity cast upon our minds! When he was casting so many troops of
wretched human beings to wild beasts born under a different sky, when he was
proclaiming war between creatures so ill matched, when he was shedding so much
blood before the eyes of the Roman people, who itself was soon to be forced to
shed more. he then believed that he was beyond the
power of Nature. But later this same man, betrayed by Alexandrine treachery,
offered himself to the dagger of the vilest slave, and then at last discovered
what an empty boast his surname30 was. But to return to the point from which I have digressed, and to show that some people bestow useless pains upon these same matters—the man I mentioned related that Metellus, when he triumphed after his victory over the Carthaginians in Sicily, was the only one of all the Romans who had caused a hundred and twenty captured elephants to be led before his car; that Sulla was the last of the Roman's who extended the pomerium, 31 which in old times it was customary to extend after the acquisition of Italian but never of provincial, territory. Is it more profitable to know this than that Mount Aventine, according to him, is outside the pomerium for one of two reasons, either because that was the place to which the plebeians had seceded, or because the birds had not been favourable when Remus took his auspices on that spot—and, in turn, countless other reports that are either crammed with falsehood or are of the same sort? For though you grant that they tell these things in good faith, though they pledge themselves for the truth of what they write, still whose mistakes will be made fewer by such stories? Whose passions will they restrain? Whom will they make more brave, whom more just, whom more noble-minded? My friend Fabianus used to say that at times he was doubtful whether it was not better not to apply oneself to any studies than to become entangled in these. |
27 The ancient codex was made of tablets of wood fastened together. 28 Such, doubtless, as Marius, Sulla, Caesar, Crassus. 29 Pliny (Nat. Hist. viii. 21) reports that the people were so moved by pity that they rose in a body and called down curses upon Pompey. Cicero's impressions of the occasion are recorded in Ad Fam. vii. 1. 3: "extremus elephantorum dies fuit, in quo admiratio magna vulgi atque turbae, delectatio nulla exstitit; quin etiam misericordia quaedam consecuta est atque opinio eiusmodi, esse quandam illi beluae cum genere humana societatem." 30 i.e., Magnus. 31 A name applied to a consecrated space kept vacant within and (according to Livy, i. 44) without the city wall. The right of extending it belonged originally to the king who had added territory to Rome. |
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