De Viris Illustribus




  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • PREFACE.
1. * Plerosque.] For plurimos. So, a little below, pleraque----sunt decora, for plurima.
2. † Hoc genus scriptures.] These brief memoirs of eminent men, interspersed with allusions to national habits and pecu[...]
3. ‡ Tibiis cantasse.] The plural, flutes, is used, because the Greeks, and the Romans, who adopted the practice from t[...]
4. § Sororem germanam.] A half-sister by the mother's side was called soror uterina. Her name was Elpinice. See the Lif[...]
5. * Amatores.] See the Life of Alcibiades, c. 2. Apud Graecos, says Cic. de Rep. fragm. lib. iv., opprobrio fuit adole[...]
6. † Nulla----vidua----quae non ad scenam eat mercede conducta.] This is not said with reference to that period in the h[...]
7. ‡ In scenam prodire et populo esse spectaculo, &c ] Actors are here confounded with the rhapsodists, or reciters of [...]
8. * This is not true of the Spartan women, for they, who boasted that they alone were the mothers of men, led a life o[...]



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • I. MILTIADES.
9. * Modestia.] "Good conduct," or "prudence," or "knowledge how to act," seems to be the true sense of the word. "Ita[...]
10. † The Thracian Chersonese. But it is to be observed that the author, in this biography, confounds Miltiades, the son[...]
11. ‡ Ex his delecti Delphos deliberatum missi sunt, oui consulerent Apollinem, &c.] Either deliberatum, or qui consuler[...]
12. * Cum delecta manu.] A body independent of those who were going to settle in the colony.
13. † Loca castellis idonea communiit.] A late editor absurdly takes castellis for a dative. Tacit. Ann. iii. 74: Castel[...]
14. * Dum ipse abesset.] He fixed, according to Herodotus, a term of sixty days for his absence, on the expiration of wh[...]
15. † Principes.] The tyrants or sovereigns of the Greek cities, who held their power under the protection of Darius.
16. ‡ Se oppressa.] If he should be crushed, and the Persian empire consequently overthrown, they would be left without a[...]
17. * Civibus suis poenas daturos.] They would be called to account for having made themselves tyrants.
18. † The Ionians had rebelled against Persia, to which they had been subject, and, with some Athenians and Eretrians, h[...]
19. ‡ Omnes ejus gentis cives.] That is, all the people of Eretria in Euboea. They were carried to Susa, and treated kin[...]
20. § 9Hmerodro&moi, "day couriers," who could run a great distance in a day. Ingens die uno cursu emetientes spatium. [...]
21. * The text is here in an unsatisfactory state, as all the critics remark, but I have given what is evidently the sen[...]
22. * Poiki/lh Stoa&, "the painted portico," as being adorned with pictures on subjects from Athenian history.
23. † Ad officium redire.] To submit again to the power of the Athenians.
24. ‡ Urbem.] The chief town of the island, bearing the same nama with it.
25. § See on Sall. Jug. c 37. The testudines were similar in construction and use to the vineae.
26. || Deterrerentur.] They feared the vengeance of the Persians if they submitted to Miltiades.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • II. THEMISTOCLES.
27. * Acharnanam civem.] This is the reading of most, if not all, of the MSS., and Bos retains it. "Aldus," says Bos, "w[...]
28. * Bello Corcyraeo.] Rather Aeginetico, in the war with Aegina, as Lambinus and other commentators have observed; for[...]
29. † Largitione.] The money was divided, if we listen to Herodotus, vi. 46, 47; vii. 144, among the whole people, ten d[...]
30. * Adeo angusto mari.] It was in the strait between the island of Salamis and the temple of Hercules, on the coast of [...]
31. † Interim.] The MSS. and editions are divided between interim and iterum. Bos prefers the former; Van Staveren the l[...]
32. ‡ Pari modo.] Under the same circumstances as at Marathon a greater force being defeated by a smaller.
33. § Triplex Piraeei portus.] It is acutely shown by Bos that the Piraeeus was called triple from its containing three [...]
34. * By public gods, deos publicos, are meant the deities worshipped throughout all the states of Greece, as Jupiter, M[...]
35. † Hospitium.] A mutual agreement to receive one another as guests. But according to Thucydides, i. 136, there was no[...]
36. * Multo commodius.] This seems impossible. He might have better matter to produce, but surely not better language.
37. † Opsonium.] The word signifies all that was eaten with bread; all kinds of food besides bread.
38. ‡ Prope oppidum.] That is, near the city of Athens, where we learn from Pausanias that the tomb of Themistocles was [...]



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • III. ARISTIDES.
39. * Obtrectârunt inter se.] Diepoliteu&santo: they supported opposite parties in the state. So in the Life of Epaminon[...]
40. † Abstinente.] That is, abstaining from the property of others; moderation; disinterestedness.
41. ‡ Priusquam poenâ liberaretur.] Before he was freed from the punishment (of exile).
42. * At the commencement of this chapter I have departed from Bos's text, and followed that of Freund and others, who m[...]



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • IV. PAUSANIAS
43. * Plurima miscere.] To mingle, or throw into confusion, very many things.
44. † Book i. c. 128.
45. * Cum scytala.] The scytala was a staff, round which a slip of parchment being rolled obliquely, the orders of the E[...]
46. † More illorum. ] That is, with extreme brevity.
47. * Regi.] Pausanias was not actually a king, but guardian to the young prince Pleistarchus, the son of Leonidas. Thuc[...]
48. † Argilius.] A native of Argilus, a town of Thrace on the Strymonic Gulf.
49. ‡ Amore venereo.] See the note on amatores in the preface.
50. § Vincula epistolae laxavit.] Letters were tied round with a string, which was sealed, probably, over the knot. The [...]
51. * Quae Chalcioecos vocatur.] Whether the quae refers to aedem of Minervae, the critics are not agreed. Thucydides, i[...]



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • V. CIMON.
52. * Neque legibus Atheniensibus emitti poterat.] Yet by Justin, ii. 15, Val. Maximus, v. 3 ext. 3, and v. 4 ext. 2, Se[...]
53. † See note on the preface.
54. * Hospitio.] See note on Themistocles, c. 8. Hospitium, might exist between two states, or between a state and a pri[...]
55. * Offensum fortuna.] That is, casu obvium, fortuito oblatum, "thrown in his way by chance," as Heusinger explains it[...]



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • VI. LYSANDER.
56. * Pervertere.] "Corrupt" is evidently the sense of pervertere in this passage, not "destroy," as some would make it.[...]
57. * The account of Lysander's treachery to the Thasians is wanting in the manuscripts, but may be supplied from Polyae[...]
58. † Quàm verè de eo foret judicatum.] That is, how little he deserved acquittal.
59. * Librum graveni multis verbis.] "A heavy letter in many words."



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • VII. ALCIBIADES.
60. * Dives; quum tempus posceret, &c.] This is Bos's reading. Many editions have Idem, quum tempus, &c.
61. † Non minus in vitâ quàm victu.] Bos and Boeder distinguish vita and victus in this manner; vita, they say, means a [...]
62. ‡ Privignus.] If we believe Diodorus Siculus, lib. xii, and Suidas, Alcibiades was the son of Pericles's sister. Henc[...]
63. * Omnes Hermae.] Mercury was reckoned the god of thieves, and therefore they used to erect his statues before their [...]
64. † Itaque ille postea Mercurius Andocidis vocitatus est.] This is the reading of Bos and Van Staveren. Many other edi[...]
65. ‡ Quod non ad privatam, sed ad publicam rem pertineret.] A manuscript of Boeder's has quae, but, as I suppose, from [...]
66. § Mysteria.] The mysteries of Ceres; the Eleusinian mysteries.
67. * They thought that there was some conspiracy under the cloak of it.
68. † Consuetudinem.] Knowing the fickle character of the Athenians,
69. ‡ Crimine invidiae.] This is evidently the sense. Crimine invidiae for crimine invidioso.
70. § Licentia.] The license of the populace, which could scarcely be controlled.
71. * Ab hoc destitutus.] On the contrary, he was, according to Thucydides, viii. 49, 53, supported by Pisander.---- Bos.
72.  * A considerable town of Aeolia. But it was at Notium, near Ephesus, not at Cyme, that the affair that caused the [...]
73. † A city on the isthmus of the Thracian Chersonese. Most editions, previous to that of Bos, had Perinthus, from a co[...]
74. ‡ Primus Graeciae civitatis.] He was the first man of Greece that penetrated into that part of Thrace which was free[...]
75. * Agere.] In its rhetorical sense, to state, plead, declare.
76. * Quem manu superari posse diffidebant.] "Whom they despaired would be able (i.e. whom they expected or thought woul[...]
77. † Emanus.] Bos would omit this word, as wanting authority.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • VIII. THRASYBULUS.
78. * Matrem timidi flere non solere.] I have translated this according to the notion of Bremi, who says that timidus he[...]
79. † One of the minor harbours of Athens.
80. ‡ Quae ad victum pertinebant.] "Things which pertained to sustenance," i.e. provisions.
81. * Superioris more crudelitatis erant usi.] "Had used the manner of the former cruelty."
82. † Jugerum.] Though the juger or jugerum is generally rendered an acre, it in reality contained little more than half[...]
83. ‡ Non propria esse consueverunt.] By propria, is meant "peculiarly one's own, and likely to continue so; appropriate[...]
84. * Ex oppido.] The town was Aspendus, as appears from Xen. Hell. iv. 8, 30; Diod. Sic. xiv. 99.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • IX. CONON.
85.  * Apud quem ut multùm gratia valeret----effecit.] With whom he brought it to pass that he prevailed much by persona[...]
86.  † What Nepos says here, as to the Lacedaemonians being persuaded by Tissaphernes to go to war with Persia, is scarc[...]
87.  ‡ Chiliarchum.] "Captain of a thousand." He is generally considered to have been chief of the life-guards, and to h[...]
88.  * Sine hoc.] Some consider hoc masculine, referring to the chiliarchus.
89.  * If this statement respecting Conon be true, his conduct in the matter is not to be reckoned among pia et probanda[...]
90. † He was the father of Cleitarchus, who wrote a history of Alexander the Great's expedition. See Plin. H. N. x. 70. [...]



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • X. DION.
91.  * Utrâque implicatus tyrannide Dionysiorum.] "Involved in," or "connected with, each tyranny of the Dionysii." For [...]
92. † Dionysius married two wives in the same day, Doris, a native of Locris, and Aristomache, the sister of Dion. But D[...]
93. ‡ Dion, therefore, as Ernstius observes, married his own niece.
94. § Quae non minimum commendatur.] "Which is not in the lowest degree (i.e. which is in the highest degree) commended[...]
95. * Suorum causa.] For the sake of Aristomache and her children.
96. † Legationes.] Most editions have omnes after legationes. Bos and Van Staveren omit it.
97. ‡ Uni huic maxime indulgeret.] "He indulged him alone most "
98. § Ambitione.] Exquisito apparatu et ambitioso comitatu.----Gebhard. It was not, however, the elder, but the younger [...]
99. || Quippe quem venundari jussisset.] Bremi conjectures quippe qui eum, &c, which the sense indeed requires. Consult[...]
100.  * That is, the portion of Italy, or Great Greece, which had been under the power of the elder Dionysius, part of w[...]
101. † Lambinus first saw that we ought to read Dionysius, not Dion,Bos, Mosche, and most other editors, approve Lambinus[...]
102. * Ver. 204.
103. * Offensa in eum militum voluntate.] Yet Nepos says above, in this same chapter, that Dion "had gained the soldiery.[...]
104.  * The ancients were accustomed, when they wished to devote themselves to prayer, or to do anything in private, to g[...]
105. † Illi ipsi custodes.] The guards that had been stationed by Callicrates round Dion's house.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XI. IPHICRATES.
106. * Peltam pro parmâ fecit.] The pelta, was smaller than the parma, but both were smaller than the clypeus.----Bos.
107.  * Apud Corinthum.] In the war generally called the Corinthian war, carried on by the Athenians, Thebans, and Argive[...]
108. † From Xenophon, de Rep. Lacedaem., we learn that the mora consisted of 400 men; for it had four lochagi and eight p[...]
109. † His name was Acoris; he had assisted Evagoras of Cyprus against Artaxerxes Mnemon. See Diod. Sic. xv. 29. He appea[...]
110.  § Fabiani.] If the Roman soldiers were used to be called Fabians, which is an account given by none but our author,[...]
111.  * Nisi ejus adventus appropinquasset.] "Unless his approach, had been drawing near."
112. † The father of Philip, and grandfather of Alexander the Great. "This subject is more fully noticed by Aeschines de [...]
113. ‡ Bella Sociali.] A war in which Byzantium, Rhodes, Chios, and Cos leagued themselves against the Athenians, from t[...]



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XII. CHABRIAS.
114.  * Phalanx is here used as a general term for a body of troops in close array.
115. † Artifices.] This word is here used in a very comprehensive sense, including actors, musicians, and every other kin[...]
116. ‡ Often written Nectanebis. "Diodorus Siculus has it either Nektenabw_j or Nektanebw&j."----Bos.
117.  * A quitus magnas proedas Agesilaus rex eorum faciebat.] Attempts to interpret this passage have much exercised the[...]
118.  * See Life of Iphicrates, c. 3.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XIII. TIMOTHEUS.
119.  * Id----restituit.] Many editions, for id, have hanc, sc. pecuniam, but "id" says Bos, "for argentum or argentipon[...]
120. † A prince of Thrace. Comp. Iphic. c. 3.
121. ‡ A strong city of the Propontis, on an island of the same name. It was besieged on this occasion, as Mitford suppos[...]
122.  § Satrap of Phrygia, who had revolted from Artaxerxes. "This war is mentioned by Demosthenes de Rhodior. Libertate[...]
123.  || A city on the Hellespont, in the Thracian Chersonese, mentioned by Scylax, Stephanus de Urb., Strabo, and Pliny.[...]
124.  ¶ The Ionian Sea.
125.  ** A pulvinus or pulvinar was a cushion, pillow, or bolster, and to support the arm or side of those who reclined o[...]
126.  * That is, the cities on the Hellespont.
127. † Cui oppositus Chares quum esset, non satis in eo praesidii putabatur.] "To whom, when Chares had been opposed, the[...]
128. ‡ In consilium.] The words quorum consilio uteretur, which occur a little below, are not translated, as they appear,[...]
129.  § Classem suppresserunt.] Probably that they might not be driven on shore.
130.  || It does not appear what place this was.
131.  * Jason tyrannus.] He was tyrant of Pherae in Thessaly, and was, as it were, from his great power, king of the whol[...]
132. † De famâ.] For his honour as a citizen. Conviction, on this occasion, would have subjected him, it appears, to loss[...]
133. ‡ Unless we except Phocion, whose military character, however, was not very high.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XIV. DATAMES.
134.  * Pylaemenes was not killed by Patroclus, but by Menelaus; Hom. Il. v. 576.
135. † Agresti duplici amiculo.] Called duplex because it was thick and stout, woven of thread of a double thickness; or b[...]
136. * Qui tantum quod ad hostes pervenerat..] This reading is an emendation of Lambinus, and it is extremely doubtful w[...]
137. * Cilciae vortae.] A pass so called.
138. † A body of soldiery among the Persians, mentioned by Strabo, Plutarch, Arrian, Pausanias, and others. Hesychras thi[...]
139. ‡ Captianorum. A people unknown to geographers. Schottus suggested that we should read, with a slight alteration, Ca[...]
140.  * Quibus fretus.] I have given the quibus that sense which it evidently requires.
141. † Peace and friendship with himself, preparatory to his being received into favour by the kiag. This is Nipperdey's [...]
142.  * A rege missam.] These words are wanting in some editions. The king presented his right hand to some person, in or[...]



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XV. EPAMINONDAS
143.  *. In vitiis poni.] "Is accounted among disparagements, disgraces, or vices."
144. † A plurimis omnium anteponuntur virtutibus.] "Are by many preferred to the best qualities of all." Many would rathe[...]
145. ‡ Damon was an Athenian, mentioned by Plutarch de Musicâ, Plato, de Rep., lib. iv., and Athenaeus, xiv. 11. Lamprus [...]
146. § Tibiis.] See the note on this word in the preface.
147.  || See Cic. de Orat. iii. 34; Off. i. 4; Diod. Sic. lib. vi. in Exc. Peiresc. p. 247; Pausanias, ix. 13; Aelian, V.[...]
148.  * Tristem et severum senem in familiaritate antepossuerit.] "He preferred a grave and austere old man in familiarit[...]
149. † Levia et potius contemnenda.] The study of philosophy, at least in the time of Nepos, was not numbered by the Roma[...]
150. ‡ Ad eum finem quoad, &c.] Ad eum finem, as Bos observes, is the same as usque eo.
151.  * Multis millibus versuum.] "In many thousands of verses." Versus was used by the Roman as well for a line in prose[...]
152. † Indidem Thebis.] That is, "from the same place, Thebes."
153. ‡ Castris est vobis utendum, non palaestra.] That is, you must give your serious attention to the one more than to t[...]
154. * Hîc.] Some read huic, "to him."
155. † The argument of Epaminondas, in these observations, is this, referring properly only to Orestes and Oedipus: that [...]
156. ‡ Legati ante pugnam Leuctricam.] These words are rejected by Longolius, Magius, Lambinus, and Schottus, as a gloss [...]
157.  * This was the army that was sent into Thessaly to rescue Pelopidas from Alexander of Pherae. See Diod. Sic. xv. 71, 72.
158. † He had been accused of treachery, and the people in consequence had taken from him his Boiwtarxi/a, and reduced h[...]
159. ‡ Saepius.] Nepos mentions, however, only two occasions; and no more are discoverable from other authors.
160.  * Collegae ejus.] His colleagues and himself.
161. † In periculo suo.] The word periculum, in this passage, greatly perplexed the old commentators; no one could find a[...]
162. ‡ Messene constituta.] He settled or built (e!ktise) Messene, and brought many colonists to it, says Diod. Sic. xv.[...]
163.  * Quod liberos non relinqueret.] These words, in most editions, are placed lower down, after consulere diceret, whe[...]
164.  * Apud Cadmaeam.] The citadel of Thebes, said to have been founded by Cadmus.
165. † Aliena paruisse imperio.] By these words it is not signified that Thebes was actually subject to any other power,[...]



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XVI. PELOPIDAS.
166.  ‡ Phoebidas was sent to assist Amyntas, king of Macedonia, who was going to besiege Olynthus with the aid of his al[...]
167.  § Per Thebas.] This is evidently the sense.
168.  * See Epaminondas, c. 10.
169. † Ut quemque ex proximo locum fors obtulisset, eo patriam recuperare niterentur.] "Opportunity" seems to be the sen[...]
170.  * Tempus et dies.] Charon had not only settled the day, but the time of the day.----Bos.
171.  † Sejunctum ab re positâ.] By res, "the subject," we must understand the life of Pelopidas. Yet no apology was nece[...]
172.  ‡ Hierophante.] A hierophantes was one who understood and could interpret religious mysteries. Archias was high-pri[...]
173.  * See Epaminondas, c. 8.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XVII. AGESILAUS.
174.  * In comitio.] A Latin word used by the author for the Greek, which would be e0forei=n, the court of the Ephori.
175. † Quod iter Xerxes anno vertente confecerat.] Anno vertente, sc. se, "a year turning itself or revolving," i.e. in[...]
176.  * Supplicibus eorum.] Whether eorum refers to barbaros, which is nearer to it, or to deorum, which is farther from [...]
177.  † This appears to be an error; for Xenophon, Ages. 7, 5, and Plutarch, Vit. Ages, speak of Agesilaus as having hear[...]
178. ‡ Ab insolentia gloriae.] "From the presumptuousness of boasting."
179. * Quo ne proficisceretur----exire noluit.] The conclusion of the sentence does not suit the commencement of it. It [...]
180. † Nisi ille fuisset, Spartam futuram non fuisse.] "Unless he had been, Sparta would not have been."
181. ‡ Aucto numero eorum qui expertes erant consilii.] Bos suggests this explanation of the passage: that only a part of[...]
182.  * Among whom were Tachos of Egypt, and Mausolus, king of Caria, from both of whom he received large presents; as he[...]
183.  † Huc.] That is, on the straw.
184.  * Nectanabis II., nephew of Tachos, whom he dethroned with the aid of Agesilaus.
185. † Portum qui Menelai vocatur.] On the coast of Marmorica.
186.  ‡ Cyrenae, -arum, or Cyrene, -es, but the latter is the far more common form.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XVIII. EUMENES.
187.  * Cardianus.] Cardia was a town in the Thracian Chersonese, on the gulf of Mêlas.
188.  † Multo honorificentius.] Because freedmen and slaves, for the most part, purchased the office of scribe or secreta[...]
189.  * 9Etairikh_ i3ppoj, about a thousand or twelve hundred of the flower of the Macedonian cavalry. The name is from[...]
190. † Tradita esset tuenda eidem----Perdiccae.] "Was committed, to be taken care of, to the same Perdiccas."
191. ‡ In suam tutelam pervertissent.] Should come "to their own guardianship," should be out of their minority, and no l[...]
192.  § Industriam.
193.  * A distinguished officer in the army of Alexander, after whose death he had the government of Phrygia on the Helle[...]
194. † Ad internecionem.] Properly, "to the utter destruction" of one of the two contending parties.
195. ‡ Antipater, Craterus, and their supporters.
196.  * A Seleuco et Antigono.] For Antigono it is now generally supposed that we should read Antigene, Antigenes being m[...]
197.  † Plaga.] Meaning the death of Perdiccas.
198.  * Callidum fuit ejus inventum, quemadmodum, &c.] "It was an ingenious contrivance of his, how the animal might be w[...]
199.  † Caput.] Not only the head, however, but all the fore-part of the body must have been tied up, the strap being pas[...]
200.  * In principiis.] See note on Florus, iii. 10, Bonn's Cl. Library. Eumenes, to give effect to this device, pretende[...]
201.  * De rebus summis.] "Of their chief concerns." 
202.  † Non minus totidem dierum spatio.] "Not less than the space of just as many days."
203.  * Fructum oculis capere.] "To gain gratification for their eyes." 
204.  † Ut deuteretur.] The word deutor is not found elsewhere. It seems not to be the same with abutor, as some suppose,[...]
205.  * This is so little of a reason for Eumenes' success against his opponents in the field, that Buchner, Bos, and oth[...]
206.  * The sentence begins with Sic Eumenes, and ends with talem habuit exitum vitae, a fault similar to that which has [...]



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XIX. PHOCION.
207. † Memoria est nulla.] That is, no one thinks of praising his military exploits equally with his moral virtues.
208.  * Quum adversus Charetem eum subornaret.] I have given to subornaret the sense to which Bos thinks it entitled. To [...]
209.  * Capitis damnatos.] That is, made atimous, or infamous, deprived of civil rights, and condemned, perhaps, in addit[...]
210.  † Philip Aridaeus, the half brother and nominal successor of Alexander the Great.
211.  ‡ An Athenian demagogue, who was put to death by the people of Athens soon after the death of Phocion.
212.  * Undecim viris.] Eleven petty officers, whose duty was to see the sentences of the law put in execution.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XX. TIMOLEON.
213. † Namque huic uni contigit, quod nescio an nulli.] I have endeavoured to give a satisfactory turn in the English to[...]
214.  * A barbaris.] The Carthaginians, when they were at war with the elder Dionysius.
215.  † Soror ex iisdem parentibus nata.] She was whole sister to him and Timophanes.
216. * Fana deserta.] Bos retains deserta, in his text, but shows an inclination, in his note, to adopt the emendation of[...]
217.  * In theatrum.] Public assemblies were often held in theatres.
218.  † Sacellum Au)tomati/aj.] A word compounded of au)toj, self, and ma&w, to desire or will, and applied to Fortune as [...]
219. * Se voti esse damnatum.] The meaning is, that he was now obliged to the fulfilment of that which he had vowed when [...]
220.  † Timoleonteum.] Sc. Gymnasium.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XXI. OF KINGS.
221.  ‡ Graecae gentis.] All the preceding biographies are those of Greeks, except that of Datames.
222.  § Separatem sunt relatae.] In another book written by Nepos, which contained the lives of kings, as Lambinus thinks[...]
223. * Macrochir, Longimanus, or "long-handed." Mnemon, mnh&mwn, signifying one that has a good memory.
224.  † There was no remarkable proof of his justice given on this occasion. His mother Parysatis poisoned his wife Stati[...]
225.  ‡ Morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt.] "Paid (their) debt to nature by disease."



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XXII. HAMILCAR.
226. * Nunquam hosti cessit.] Not exactly true; but he doubtless resisted the enemy vigorously.
227. † Erycem.] Not the mountain, as Bos observes, but the town situated between the top and the foot of the mountain, of[...]
228. ‡ Three islands on the western coast of Sicily. This battle brought the first Punic war to an end.



  • LIVES OF EMINENT COMMANDERS.
    • XXIII. HANNIBAL.
229.  * Son of Demetrius, and last king but one of Macedonia. See Justin, xxviii. 4; xxix. 1-4; xxx. 3; xxxii. 2.
230.  † A Rubro Mari.] It is the Mare Erythraeum that is meant, lying between Arabia and India.
231.  * Saltum Pyrenaeum.] The forest, i. e. the woody chain or range of the Pyrenees.
232.  † Clastidio.] Clastidio, thus given by Bos, without a preposition or any word to govern it, cannot be right. It see[...]
233.  * Quo repentino objectu viso.] "Which sudden appearance being seen" by the Romans.
234.  * Absens----sustulit.] The battle being fought by one of Hannibal's generals in his absence.
235. † Circiter millia passuum trecenta.] One hundred and fifty miles is supposed to be nearer the truth.
236.  * A town on the Liris, in the Volscian territory.
237. † Praetor.] This office seems, from what follows, to have been in a great degree financial; but judicial duties were[...]
238. ‡ Rex.] The two annual magistrates at Carthage were called suffetes in the Punic tongue; the Greeks and Romans calle[...]
239.  * Antiochus here suffered a defeat from the Romans.
240. † In Pamphylio mari.] The sea on the coast of Pamphylia in Asia Minor.
241. ‡ Antiocho fugato.] Viz., in the battle near Magnesia, at the bottom of Mount Sipylus in Lydia.
242.  § Principibus praesentibus.] Many of the old editions have Gortyniis praesentibus, a manifest error, as Bos observe[...]
243.  * Illud recusavit, ne id a se fieri postularent.] "He refused this, (requesting) that they would not require that t[...]



  • FROM THE SECOND BOOK OF CORNELIUS NEPOS.
    • XXIV. MARCUS PORCIUS CATO.
244.  * Cato the censor, the great grandfather of the Cato that killed himself at Utica.
245.  † Situate about ten miles south-east of Rome, not far from the modern Frascati.
246. † Aedilis plebis.] There were two sorts of aediles, plebeian and curule.
247.  * Privatus in urbe mansit.] That is, he did not take any other foreign province. Plutarch, however, in his life of [...]
248.  † Edictum.] The code of regulations which a magistrate published on entering upon his office, adopting what he chos[...]
249.  ‡ Circiter annos octoginta.] This passage is in some way faulty. Bos thinks that the number is corrupt, or that the[...]
250.  § A multis tentatus.] Plutarch, in his life of Cato, c. 15, says that Cato was attacked or accused about fifty time[...]



  • FROM THE SECOND BOOK OF CORNELIUS NEPOS.
    • XXV. TITUS POMPONIUS ATTICUS.
251. * Ab origine ultima stirpis Romanae.] "From the most remote origin of the Roman race." His family was so old that i[...]
252.  * Versuram facere.] Versura, according to Festus süb voce, properly signifies borrowing from one to pay another. Ou[...]
253.  † Septem modii.] This is the reading of the old editions, and of the manuscripts of Manutius, Gifanius, Schottus, L[...]
254.  * Phidiae.] Some editions have Piliae. "This was some Phidias, who, though unmentioned by any other writer, was kno[...]
255.  * About £1600 of our money.
256. † About £80,729 3s. 4d.
257.  * Optimarum partium.] Ursinus and Schottus conjecture optimatum partium.----Heusinger thinks optimarum right.
258.  † Ad hastam publicam nunquam, accessit.] That is, to a sale of the property confiscated in the proscriptions. A has[...]
259.  † Nullius rei neque praes, neque manceps factus est.] The farmers, mancipes, of the revenues were chiefly equités, [...]
260. § Neque suo nomine neque subscribens.] He neither brought accusations against people himself, nor supported the acc[...]
261.  || That he declined offices generally is stated above in this chapter; there is no particular mention that he decli[...]
262.  * Ejus observantia.] Observantia, as Bos and Fischer observe, is evidently to be understood actively.
263. † Secutum est illud, occiso Caesare, &c.] The commencement of this chapter is extremely bald. Whether tempus, which[...]
264.  ‡ Penes Brutos.] Some editions have Brutum. I prefer the plural, says Bos, Marcus and Decimus being meant.
265. * Dicis----causa.] Bos's text, and many others, with all the manuscripts, have necis causa. Dicis causa is a conject[...]
266.  † £807 5s. 10d.
267.  ‡ £2421 17s. 6d.
268.  § A war that arose between Mark Antony and Octavius (see Florus, iv. 4), through a dispute about the will of Caesar[...]
269.  || Divinatio.] We should rather read divinitas, as Buchner first observed. Divinatio occurs below, c. 16, but in it[...]
270.  * Commendationem.] Manuscripts and editions are divided between this word and commoditatem.
271.  † Stiterit vadimonium.] Promittere vadimonium is to give bail for one's appearance in court on a certain day; siste[...]
272.  ‡ Versuram facere.] See note on c. 2.
273. § Ille autem sui judicii----intuebatur, &c.] The words sui judicii must be taken as a genitive of the quality, Ille[...]
274.  * Imperatorum.] The triumvirs, Caesar, Antony, and Lepidus. At their approach he retired from the forum, i.e., from[...]
275.  * Where Atticus had estates. See c. 14.
276. † Neque tamen priùs ille fortunam, quàm se ipse, finxit.] A very inapplicable observation. Nepos first says that a m[...]
277.  * Nisi in deprecandis amicorum aut periculis aut incommodis.] "Unless in deprecating either the dangers or troubles[...]
278.  † Domum Tamphilanam.] To what Tamphilus the house had belonged is not known. There were two consuls with that surna[...]
279.  * Plus salis.] The word salis does not admit of a very satisfactory explanation in this passage. Most interpreters,[...]
280.  † Pedissequus.] The word signifies any slave or servant who follows or attends on his master; a footman, lacquey, o[...]
281.  † Artifices caeteri.] Workmen of all kinds.
282.  § Terna millia ceris.] Such is the reading of all the manuscripts and editions, but no commentator has thought it a[...]
283.  * Aliud acroama.] Acroama, as Fischer observes, generally signified among the Latins, not a thing, but a person; an[...]
284.  † In sestertio vicies.] £16,145 16s. 8d.
285.  ‡ In sestertio centies.] £80,729 3s. 4d
286.  § Religiose promittebat.] He made no promise lightly, but as if he were religiously determined to fulfil it.
287.  * Omnia negotia.] This must be taken with much limitation; he might do all the business with which they troubled him.
288. † Nunquam cum matre in gratiam rediisse.] Never having had any disagreement with her.
289.  * Ornavit.] Bos, Vossius, and others, prefer ordinavit. But Hensinger thinks ornavit may very well be taken in the [...]
290. * Conciliare fortunam.] "Procure him his fortune," make his fortune. As the mores are, so the fortune will be.
291.  † Dignitate pari.] It is evidently dignity of birth that is intended.
292.  * In unum intestinum.] Barthius wished to alter it to imum intestinum, because, I suppose, he knew that there was t[...]
293. * Temporibus superesse.] The commentators are not agreed about the exact sense of these words. I follow Heusinger, w[...]
294.  † A.U.C. 720; B.C. 34.
295.  ‡ Comitantibus omnibus bonis.] This omnibus, like the omnia in c. 15, must be understood in a limited sense.



  • FROM THE SECOND BOOK OF CORNELIUS NEPOS.
    • FRAGMENTS
296. The following text, and the notes to it, are not found in the Bohn text, and have been added to the public domain on[...]
297. This comes from the Codex Gif., according to Savaro and Patavius.
298. On the first page of the Codex Guelferbytanus Gudianus 2788, saec. xiii, of Cicero's Philippics.  Apparently formed [...]
299. I.e., history.
300. From Lactantius, Inst. Div. iii.15.10. The dots indicate a lacuna in the Latin. Other brief quotations from Nepos m[...]


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