1-hatre | haugh-sland | slave-zeal
bold = Main text
Part grey = Comment text
501 Intro| character, and this apparent haughtiness as flowing from the natural
502 Text | the second class. They are headed by Meletus, that good man
503 Text | are you not ashamed of heaping up the greatest amount of
504 Intro| theirs; because he is their heaven-sent friend (and they will never
505 Text | departure punishment far heavier than you have inflicted
506 Intro| of his life, and in the height of his triumph, when he
507 Text | office of state which I ever held, O men of Athens, was that
508 Text | my wanderings and of the ‘Herculean’ labours, as I may call
509 Intro| passage, on the testimony of Hermogenes, the friend of Socrates,
510 Text | Telamon, and any other ancient hero who has suffered death through
511 Text | Orpheus and Musaeus and Hesiod and Homer? Nay, if this
512 Text | they also knew all sorts of high matters, and this defect
513 Intro| absolute truthfulness seems to hinder him from asserting positively
514 Intro| familiar divine voice has hindered him; if he had been a public
515 Text | and Prodicus of Ceos, and Hippias of Elis, who go the round
516 Text | Sophists, Callias, the son of Hipponicus, and knowing that he had
517 Text | put over them; we should hire a trainer of horses, or
518 Intro| the point of view of the historian. So in the Apology there
519 Text | ridiculous, than him who holds his peace.~But, setting
520 Text | Leon, but I went quietly home. For which I might have
521 Intro| sceptical. He is arguing ‘ad hominem’ according to the notions
522 Text | Reflecting that I was really too honest a man to be a politician
523 Text | or any other multitude, honestly striving against the many
524 Text | which is either possible or honourable; the easiest and the noblest
525 Intro| disappointed him in his hopes of learning about mind and
526 Text | prize at Olympia in the horse or chariot race, whether
527 Text | ever any man believe in horsemanship, and not in horses? or in
528 Text | spectacle, together with a host of relations and friends;
529 Text | either when I was leaving my house in the morning, or when
530 | however
531 Intro| obedient to the laws. The idealization of the sufferer is carried
532 Intro| in accordance with the ideas of the time, that a downright
533 Intro| the multitude, he had been identified with the teachers of physical
534 Text | never had the wit to be idle during his whole life; but
535 Intro| have turned out well or ill, he cannot justly be charged
536 Text | Prytanes who was opposed to the illegality, and I gave my vote against
537 Text | if the demigods are the illegitimate sons of gods, whether by
538 Text | judges, if you fancy them illiterate to such a degree as not
539 Text | using my name by way of illustration, as if he said, He, O men,
540 Intro| have been due only to the imagination of Plato. The arguments
541 Intro| knew little or nothing, and imagined that they knew all things.
542 Text | examined, and they often imitate me, and proceed to examine
543 Intro| and desultory style is an imitation of the ‘accustomed manner’
544 Text | who are my murderers, that immediately after my departure punishment
545 Intro| other hand, his hope of immortality is uncertain;—he also conceives
546 Text | the orators threatened to impeach and arrest me, and you called
547 Text | Chaerephon, as you know, was very impetuous in all his doings, and he
548 Text | consider dishonourable and impious and wrong, especially now,
549 Text | giving with the view of implicating as many as possible in their
550 Text | cross-examining other men has been imposed upon me by God; and has
551 Text | days when you were more impressible than you are now—in childhood,
552 Intro| go on to ask what was the impression which Plato in the Apology
553 Intro| defence might have been improved and strengthened, at all
554 Text | them.~Then every Athenian improves and elevates them; all with
555 Text | disabling others, but to be improving yourselves. This is the
556 Text | Meletus is reckless and impudent, and that he has written
557 Intro| Socrates received the first impulse to his favourite calling
558 Text | neither result can be justly imputed to me; for I never taught
559 Text | especially to the citizens, inasmuch as they are my brethren.
560 Intro| Anytus and Meletus. Yet incidentally the antagonism between Socrates
561 Text | boldness or impudence or inclination to address you as you would
562 Intro| brothers all appear in court (including ‘this’ Plato), to witness
563 Intro| to analogy is this! How inconceivable too, that he should make
564 Text | what I conceive to be his inconsistency; and do you, Meletus, answer.
565 Intro| that they should never have indicted him if they meant to let
566 Intro| life and death are simply indifferent to him. But such a defence
567 Text | doing yours, coming to you individually like a father or elder brother,
568 Intro| And we may perhaps even indulge in the fancy that the actual
569 Text | I suppose you mean, as I infer from your indictment, that
570 Intro| know, never fulfilled. No inference can be drawn from this circumstance
571 Text | men and women too! What infinite delight would there be in
572 Text | far heavier than you have inflicted on me will surely await
573 Text | may imagine, that he is inflicting a great injury upon him:
574 Intro| ignorant as to attribute to the influence of Socrates notions which
575 Text | an acquittal, instead of informing and convincing him. For
576 Intro| of the dicasts;’ and who informs us in another passage, on
577 Text | of the corrupter, of the injurer of their kindred, as Meletus
578 Text | he is inflicting a great injury upon him: but there I do
579 Text | better off as I was.~This inquisition has led to my having many
580 Intro| would rather not appear insolent, if he could avoid it (ouch
581 Text | by a sort of genius and inspiration; they are like diviners
582 Intro| again, as in the former instance, the defence of Socrates
583 Text | said to myself, you will be instantly detected; now you will find
584 Intro| unintentional, he ought to have been instructed by Meletus, and not accused
585 Intro| he has passed his days in instructing the citizens without fee
586 Intro| marketplace to their private instructions; his tarry-at-home life
587 Intro| last great scene? Did he intend to represent him (1) as
588 Text | wise; and by his answer he intends to show that the wisdom
589 Intro| them. This surely cannot be intentional; and if unintentional, he
590 Intro| Symposium engaged in friendly intercourse. Nor is there any trace
591 Text | of the courts, not very interesting perhaps, but nevertheless
592 Text | foreign city, and no one will interfere with you? Now I have great
593 Text | at once; but I proceed to interrogate and examine and cross-examine
594 Intro| who is present and can be interrogated. ‘If he is the corrupter,
595 Intro| second accusation he meets by interrogating Meletus, who is present
596 Intro| that the divine sign never interrupted him in the course of his
597 Text | always trying to get up an interruption. Did ever any man believe
598 Text | of divine power was ever intimated to any one. This is true,
599 Text | will tell you. It is an intimation that what has happened to
600 Text | Aristoph., Clouds.), who has introduced a man whom he calls Socrates,
601 Intro| the state receives, but introduces other new divinities.’ These
602 Intro| does not prevent Plato from introducing them together in the Symposium
603 Intro| INTRODUCTION~In what relation the Apology
604 Text | ears with their loud and inveterate calumnies. And this is the
605 Intro| must have corrupted them involuntarily.’ But if, as Socrates argues,
606 Intro| Socratic doctrine of the involuntariness of evil is clearly intended
607 Intro| Socrates argues, all evil is involuntary, then all criminals ought
608 Text | find at last the oracle irrefutable. After the politicians,
609 Text | earnest when he is only in jest, and is so eager to bring
610 Intro| of gods, is he serious or jesting? It may be observed that
611 Text | you, O men of Athens, to join me in examining what I conceive
612 Text | you may think that I am joking, I declare that I will tell
613 Intro| aut dominus videretur esse judicum’ (Cic. de Orat.); and the
614 Text | Athens, in the character of a juvenile orator—let no one expect
615 Text | me, and my accusers are keen and quick, and the faster
616 Text | them. If you think that by killing men you can prevent some
617 Intro| nature, he shows a less kindly feeling, which is also the
618 Text | of the injurer of their kindred, as Meletus and Anytus call
619 Text | my opponents are of two kinds; one recent, the other ancient:
620 Text | fathers, brothers, or other kinsmen, should say what evil their
621 Text | his arms, and fall on his knees before his pursuers, he
622 Text | wanderings and of the ‘Herculean’ labours, as I may call them, which
623 Text | this: but necessity was laid upon me,—the word of God,
624 Text | which I provoked, and I lamented and feared this: but necessity
625 Text | weeping and wailing and lamenting, and saying and doing many
626 Text | quite a stranger to the language of the place; and therefore
627 Text | against me would have been far larger; but now, had thirty votes
628 Text | time, a slander which has lasted a long time. May I succeed,
629 | later
630 Text | might pay their money, and laugh at Socrates if he pretends
631 Text | here by the beaked ships, a laughing-stock and a burden of the earth.’
632 Text | striving against the many lawless and unrighteous deeds which
633 Text | atheist—this you do not lay to my charge,—but only you
634 Text | And what a life should I lead, at my age, wandering from
635 Text | to be able to examine the leader of the great Trojan expedition;
636 Intro| following a profession which leads him to death? Why?—because
637 Intro| disappointed him in his hopes of learning about mind and nature, he
638 Intro| opinion, assumes the same legal style.~The answer begins
639 Intro| os authadizomenos touto lego). Neither is he desirous
640 Text | benefactor, and who desires leisure that he may instruct you?
641 Text | him. There is Gorgias of Leontium, and Prodicus of Ceos, and
642 Intro| The notion that demons or lesser divinities are the sons
643 Text | their stead. These are the lessons by which I corrupt the youth,
644 Text | great and only care was lest I should do an unrighteous
645 Text | truth, and that Meletus is a liar.~Well, Athenians, this and
646 Intro| accuser, of whom he makes very light. Also there is a touch of
647 Text | disciples. But if any one likes to come and hear me while
648 Text | detected as soon as I opened my lips and proved myself to be
649 Text | all be utterly ruined by listening to my words—if you say to
650 Intro| necessarily flow out of the loftiness of his situation. He is
651 Intro| Cic. de Orat.); and the loose and desultory style is an
652 Text | filled your ears with their loud and inveterate calumnies.
653 Text | that good man and true lover of his country, as he calls
654 Text | demigods?~He cannot.~How lucky I am to have extracted that
655 Text | who, if I may use such a ludicrous figure of speech, am a sort
656 Intro| another), or, as he may be ludicrously described, he is the gadfly
657 Intro| ear of the multitude, is lurking here.~He then goes on to
658 Text | see. Then again there is Lysanias of Sphettus, who is the
659 Intro| regular defence such as Lysias or one of the orators might
660 Intro| non supplex aut reus sed magister aut dominus videretur esse
661 Text | speaking in the assembly, and magistracies, and plots, and parties.
662 Intro| of some parts. But in the main it must be regarded as the
663 Text | for I had thought that the majority against me would have been
664 Text | poet. All who from envy and malice have persuaded you—some
665 Intro| which they are contained is manifestly spurious. The statements
666 Intro| things; his talking in the marketplace to their private instructions;
667 Intro| aspiration of the first martyr of philosophy, that he would
668 Text | expect to get rid of such a mass of calumny all in a moment.
669 Intro| who is easily foiled and mastered in the hands of the great
670 Intro| is weakest, and yet his mastery over mankind is greatest,
671 Intro| commonplaces about atheism and materialism and sophistry, which are
672 Text | wonderful interest in there meeting and conversing with Palamedes,
673 Intro| The second accusation he meets by interrogating Meletus,
674 Intro| indictment (compare Xen. Mem.); and the previous formula,
675 Text | improve them.~But perhaps the members of the assembly corrupt
676 Intro| as well as Xenophon (Memor.), he was punctual in the
677 Intro| be denied. Fresh in the memory of the Athenians, and detestable
678 Text | consideration, I thought of a method of trying the question.
679 Text | often been stopped in the middle of a speech, but now in
680 Text | citizen of the great and mighty and wise city of Athens,—
681 Text | say, there is a change and migration of the soul from this world
682 Text | and family interests, and military offices, and speaking in
683 Text | took possession of your minds with their falsehoods, telling
684 Text | to give judgment there, Minos and Rhadamanthus and Aeacus
685 Text | corrupts the youth, I am a mischievous person. But if any one says
686 Text | they say; this villainous misleader of youth!— and then if somebody
687 Intro| passed his life as a sort of missionary in detecting the pretended
688 Intro| The shorter address in mitigation of the penalty; 3rd. The
689 Text | leaving my house in the morning, or when I was on my way
690 Text | slay Hector, his goddess mother said to him, that if he
691 Text | the nymphs or by any other mothers, of whom they are said to
692 Intro| the generous steed into motion. Why then has he never taken
693 Text | steed who is tardy in his motions owing to his very size,
694 Text | there might have been a motive for that—but their uncorrupted
695 Intro| has been cast anew in the mould of Plato.~There is not much
696 Intro| accusers, who are but the mouth-piece of the others. The accusations
697 Text | than death. I am old and move slowly, and the slower runner
698 Text | children in court, which was a moving spectacle, together with
699 Text | affirm the existence of mules, and deny that of horses
700 Text | prophesy to you who are my murderers, that immediately after
701 Text | converse with Orpheus and Musaeus and Hesiod and Homer? Nay,
702 Intro| classes; first, there is the nameless accuser—public opinion.
703 Intro| of Socratic irony in the narrative of Xenophon.~The Apology
704 Text | excuse if he spoke in his native tongue, and after the fashion
705 Intro| not the person of man,’ necessarily flow out of the loftiness
706 Text | observed him—his name I need not mention; he was a politician
707 Intro| also be answered in the negative. His irony, his superiority,
708 Text | concerns or patiently seen the neglect of them during all these
709 Intro| they deserved to be to the newly restored democracy, were
710 Text | goddess Here, that is good news! There are plenty of improvers,
711 Text | associated with me. There is Nicostratus the son of Theosdotides,
712 Text | the state is a great and noble steed who is tardy in his
713 Text | honourable; the easiest and the noblest way is not to be disabling
714 | Nobody
715 Intro| spirit of defiance, (ut non supplex aut reus sed magister
716 Text | either death is a state of nothingness and utter unconsciousness,
717 Intro| of Xenophon are not worth noticing, because the writing in
718 | nowhere
719 Text | sons, O Athenians, three in number, one almost a man, and two
720 Text | Odysseus or Sisyphus, or numberless others, men and women too!
721 Text | the truth; and as they are numerous and ambitious and energetic,
722 Text | of gods, whether by the nymphs or by any other mothers,
723 Intro| is not made of ‘rock or oak.’ Some of the judges themselves
724 Intro| asking the judge to break his oath, when he is himself being
725 Text | entreaty I could overpower your oaths, then I should be teaching
726 Text | paid? There is the same objection. I should have to lie in
727 Text | should be the order which he observes in all his actions. What
728 Intro| Critias, Charmides. It is obviously not a sufficient answer
729 Intro| this practice on similar occasions, and he trusts that they
730 Intro| recorded must have actually occurred. It is significant that
731 Text | great Trojan expedition; or Odysseus or Sisyphus, or numberless
732 Text | cognizance of unintentional offences: you ought to have taken
733 Text | defence which I have to offer. Yet a word more. Perhaps
734 Text | nevertheless true. The only office of state which I ever held,
735 Text | interests, and military offices, and speaking in the assembly,
736 Text | before the others, and much oftener.~Well, then, I must make
737 Text | I have to reply to the older charges and to my first
738 Text | democracy. But when the oligarchy of the Thirty was in power,
739 Text | who has won the prize at Olympia in the horse or chariot
740 Intro| should at least have the Olympic victor’s reward of maintenance
741 Text | be detected as soon as I opened my lips and proved myself
742 Intro| suffering death for his opinions.~Nothing evil can happen
743 Text | as I was saying, that my opponents are of two kinds; one recent,
744 Intro| against him, and there is an opportunity still for them to appear.
745 Text | constantly been in the habit of opposing me even about trifles, if
746 Text | the oracle made no sign of opposition, either when I was leaving
747 Text | For the strong arm of that oppressive power did not frighten me
748 Text | been signified to me by oracles, visions, and in every way
749 Intro| have believed in his own oracular sign, of which he seemed
750 Intro| videretur esse judicum’ (Cic. de Orat.); and the loose and desultory
751 Text | after their manner in a set oration duly ornamented with words
752 Text | character of a juvenile orator—let no one expect it of
753 Text | Athens, if I who, when I was ordered by the generals whom you
754 Text | conceive and imagine, God orders me to fulfil the philosopher’
755 Text | Socrates, but what is the origin of these accusations which
756 Intro| reformers of mankind, and originates in an accident. The dedication
757 Text | manner in a set oration duly ornamented with words and phrases.
758 Text | if he might converse with Orpheus and Musaeus and Hesiod and
759 Intro| he could avoid it (ouch os authadizomenos touto lego).
760 Intro| insolent, if he could avoid it (ouch os authadizomenos touto
761 Text | persuasion and entreaty I could overpower your oaths, then I should
762 Text | and this defect in them overshadowed their wisdom; and therefore
763 Intro| accusers as death will soon overtake him.~And now, as one who
764 Text | undervaluing the greater, and overvaluing the less. And I shall repeat
765 Intro| him. Besides, he is not so overwise as to imagine that he knows
766 Text | is tardy in his motions owing to his very size, and requires
767 Text | know, as you have taken the pains to discover their corrupter,
768 Text | meeting and conversing with Palamedes, and Ajax the son of Telamon,
769 Intro| of self-accusation. The parallelisms which occur in the so-called
770 Text | stop him); and there is Paralus the son of Demodocus, who
771 Text | me. But no one who has a particle of understanding will ever
772 Text | magistracies, and plots, and parties. Reflecting that I was really
773 Intro| of the words of Socrates, partly because Plato would not
774 Text | thing which has come to pass, while the magistrates are
775 Intro| the richer sort had made a pastime of the same pursuit, ‘which
776 Intro| meaning and a sort of tragic pathos in the face of death. The
777 Text | neglected all my own concerns or patiently seen the neglect of them
778 Text | he avenged his companion Patroclus, and slew Hector, he would
779 Intro| of his sureties for the payment of the fine which he proposed
780 Text | than him who holds his peace.~But, setting aside the
781 Intro| That had arisen out of a peculiar mission which he had taken
782 Intro| he was punctual in the performance of the least religious duties;
783 Intro| and policy of the great Pericles, and which at the same time
784 Text | politics, I should have perished long ago, and done no good
785 Text | encouraged, in this habit of perjury—there can be no piety in
786 Text | are done, you ought not to permit them; you ought rather to
787 Intro| was beyond the reach of persecution.~It has been remarked that
788 Intro| listen to him he will still persevere and reprove them. This is
789 Intro| may be asked, Why will he persist in following a profession
790 Intro| which he lived and to his personal character, and this apparent
791 Intro| to make Anytus or Meletus personally odious in the eyes of the
792 Text | from envy and malice have persuaded you—some of them having
793 Text | men of Athens, by force of persuasion and entreaty I could overpower
794 Text | in battle array and have persuasive tongues, they have filled
795 Text | made me forget who I was—so persuasively did they speak; and yet
796 Intro| or do anything that might pervert the course of justice; he
797 Text | them hither in order to petition you for an acquittal. And
798 Intro| foundation of religion. (Compare Phaedr.; Euthyph.; Republic.)~The
799 Text | ornamented with words and phrases. No, by heaven! but I shall
800 Text | perjury—there can be no piety in that. Do not then require
801 Text | this? If indeed when the pilgrim arrives in the world below,
802 Text | in their own life, that pilgrimage will be worth making. What
803 Text | whom are you thinking of placing over them? Is there any
804 Text | and the court, in somewhat plainer terms, what you mean! for
805 Text | And yet, I know that my plainness of speech makes them hate
806 Intro| accusers he will only fence and play, as he had fenced with other ‘
807 Text | his life better and more pleasantly than this one, I think that
808 Text | assembly, and magistracies, and plots, and parties. Reflecting
809 Intro| the wisdom of Critias, the poem of Solon, the virtues of
810 Text | the chance case of a Comic poet. All who from envy and malice
811 Intro| them, and also because many points of the defence might have
812 Intro| the lofty character and policy of the great Pericles, and
813 Text | who understands human and political virtue? You must have thought
814 Text | that if I had engaged in politics, I should have perished
815 Intro| in the existence of the popular gods; he had no means of
816 Intro| work of art, which is the portrait of Socrates.~Yet some of
817 Intro| natural elevation of his position?~For example, when he says
818 Intro| hinder him from asserting positively more than this; and he makes
819 Intro| which in some cases they possessed was more than counter-balanced
820 Text | were children, and took possession of your minds with their
821 Text | say exile (and this may possibly be the penalty which you
822 Intro| defence of Socrates is untrue practically, but may be true in some
823 Text | Why, what evil does he practise or teach? they do not know,
824 Text | a less serious occasion, prayed and entreated the judges
825 Text | before about the tears and prayers. But this is not so. I speak
826 Intro| man; and will continue to preach to all men of all ages the
827 Intro| which does not admit of a precise solution, we may go on to
828 Intro| them, if they appear to prefer riches to virtue, or to
829 Text | truth?—Hence has arisen the prejudice against me; and this is
830 Intro| refused to allow him to prepare a defence, and also that
831 Intro| his life long he had been preparing against that hour. For the
832 Text | which is my tribe, had the presidency at the trial of the generals
833 Text | another who had still higher pretensions to wisdom, and my conclusion
834 Text | believe you, Meletus, and I am pretty sure that you do not believe
835 Intro| compare Xen. Mem.); and the previous formula, which is a summary
836 Text | other dramatic poets.) (price of admission one drachma
837 Intro| accepted by him as the guiding principle of his life. Socrates is
838 Intro| self-examination, and of those principles of truth and right which
839 Text | citizen who has won the prize at Olympia in the horse
840 Intro| this circumstance as to the probability of the words attributed
841 Intro| making a speech. Then he proceeds to divide his accusers into
842 Intro| was composed during the process, resting on no evidence,
843 Intro| to his judges and might procure an acquittal, it is not
844 Text | the sort which would have procured my acquittal—I mean, if
845 Intro| compose for him. But he first procures himself a hearing by conciliatory
846 Text | favour of a judge, and thus procuring an acquittal, instead of
847 Text | Gorgias of Leontium, and Prodicus of Ceos, and Hippias of
848 Intro| error. For both of them he professes a respect in the open court,
849 Intro| the result, for he never promised to teach them anything.
850 Text | perfect them in their own proper virtue and excellence; but
851 Intro| parts: 1st. The defence properly so called; 2nd. The shorter
852 Text | for your persons or your properties, but first and chiefly to
853 Text | than I was, and the Pythian prophetess answered, that there was
854 Text | therefore I must ask you to proportion the fine to my means. Well,
855 Text | hope that you will see the propriety of my answering the latter
856 Text | slanderers say? They shall be my prosecutors, and I will sum up their
857 Text | I should have been very proud and conceited; but the truth
858 Text | as I opened my lips and proved myself to be anything but
859 Intro| had to live; or, when he proves his belief in the gods because
860 Intro| that with which Plato has provided him. But leaving this question,
861 Text | unconscious of the enmity which I provoked, and I lamented and feared
862 Text | was the only one of the Prytanes who was opposed to the illegality,
863 Intro| Xenophon (Memor.), he was punctual in the performance of the
864 Text | ask you, O my friends, to punish them; and I would have you
865 Intro| to be admonished and not punished. In these words the Socratic
866 Intro| described as only useful for the purpose of self-accusation. The
867 Text | on his knees before his pursuers, he may escape death; and
868 Text | come and hear me while I am pursuing my mission, whether he be
869 Intro| made a pastime of the same pursuit, ‘which was not unamusing.’
870 Intro| not that he despises such pursuits, but the fact is that he
871 Text | wiser than I was, and the Pythian prophetess answered, that
872 Text | upon me; Meletus, who has a quarrel with me on behalf of the
873 Text | my accusers are keen and quick, and the faster runner,
874 Text | plenty of persons, as they quickly discover, who think that
875 Text | fetched Leon, but I went quietly home. For which I might
876 Text | in the horse or chariot race, whether the chariots were
877 Intro| years, and was beyond the reach of persecution.~It has been
878 Text | whole state. One who has reached my years, and who has a
879 Text | Let their affidavit be read: it contains something of
880 Intro| nothing is opposed to their readiness to teach all things; his
881 Text | truth. For all these are ready to witness on behalf of
882 Text | a loss, they repeat the ready-made charges which are used against
883 Text | happiness, and I give you the reality. And if I am to estimate
884 Intro| refutation. Nor are the reasonings of Schleiermacher, who argues
885 Text | and me.~...~There are many reasons why I am not grieved, O
886 Text | next after Hector;’ he, receiving this warning, utterly despised
887 Text | Athens, that Meletus is reckless and impudent, and that he
888 Text | your superior wisdom has recognized thus early in life, and
889 Text | same gods which the city recognizes—the charge is that they
890 Intro| remembered, and some of the facts recorded must have actually occurred.
891 Text | speak is not mine. I will refer you to a witness who is
892 Text | and not to good.~Let us reflect in another way, and we shall
893 Text | of trying the question. I reflected that if I could only find
894 Intro| distinguish him from all other reformers of mankind, and originates
895 Text | not true, would be soon refuted. If I am or have been corrupting
896 Intro| superiority, his audacity, ‘regarding not the person of man,’
897 Text | far more—actions. Let me relate to you a passage of my own
898 Intro| INTRODUCTION~In what relation the Apology of Plato stands
899 Text | better for me to die and be released from trouble; wherefore
900 Intro| performance of the least religious duties; and he must have
901 Text | you would sleep on for the remainder of your lives, unless God
902 Intro| fellow-citizens is not so remarkable as the ironical spirit in
903 Intro| persecution.~It has been remarked that the prophecy of a new
904 Intro| the sons of gods, we must remember that this is a refutation
905 Intro| used by him must have been remembered, and some of the facts recorded
906 Text | Meletus, answer. And I must remind the audience of my request
907 Intro| corrupter of youth, and by repeating the commonplaces about atheism
908 Text | Evenus the Parian,’ he replied; ‘he is the man, and his
909 Intro| clearing up a confusion. In the representations of the Comic poets, and
910 Text | arousing and persuading and reproaching you. You will not easily
911 Intro| an exact or nearly exact reproduction of the words of Socrates,
912 Text | reprove them, as I have reproved you, for not caring about
913 Text | found that the men most in repute were all but the most foolish;
914 Text | time a Parian philosopher residing in Athens, of whom I have
915 Intro| and at last falls back on resignation to the divine will, and
916 Intro| the generals; and again in resistance to the tyrannical commands
917 Intro| statements of the Memorabilia respecting the trial and death of Socrates
918 Intro| composed during the process, resting on no evidence, do not require
919 Intro| deserved to be to the newly restored democracy, were the names
920 Text | accusers whom hitherto I have restrained: and as they are younger
921 Text | exile of the people, and returned with you. Well, Chaerephon,
922 Intro| words spent upon him, he returns to the original accusation.
923 Intro| defiance, (ut non supplex aut reus sed magister aut dominus
924 Text | accusers, and take their revenge; or if they do not like
925 Intro| professors of knowledge had revenged themselves by calling him
926 Text | judgment there, Minos and Rhadamanthus and Aeacus and Triptolemus,
927 Intro| that he will not speak as a rhetorician, that is to say, he will
928 Text | Lycon, on behalf of the rhetoricians: and as I said at the beginning,
929 Text | I cannot expect to get rid of such a mass of calumny
930 Intro| went to consult the Oracle (Riddell), and the story is of a
931 Intro| himself; they were equally ridiculed by the Comic poets, and
932 Text | the divinity which Meletus ridicules in the indictment. This
933 Text | scene and makes the city ridiculous, than him who holds his
934 Text | other sons of God who were righteous in their own life, that
935 Text | being a politician. And rightly, as I think. For I am certain,
936 Text | or deprive him of civil rights; and he may imagine, and
937 Text | accusation which has given rise to the slander of me, and
938 Text | mind that I would run the risk, having law and justice
939 Intro| in public matters he has risked his life for the sake of
940 Intro| he, too, is not made of ‘rock or oak.’ Some of the judges
941 Text | Hippias of Elis, who go the round of the cities, and are able
942 Text | sons will all be utterly ruined by listening to my words—
943 Text | have been doing? All these rumours and this talk about you
944 Text | up my mind that I would run the risk, having law and
945 Intro| his very words may have rung in the ears of his disciple.
946 Text | unrighteousness; for that runs faster than death. I am
947 Text | will drive me out for their sakes.~Some one will say: Yes,
948 Text | and bade us bring Leon the Salaminian from Salamis, as they wanted
949 Text | are done in a state, will save his life; he who will fight
950 Text | I was saying, they have scarcely spoken the truth at all;
951 Intro| to us as a freethinker or sceptic. There is no reason to doubt
952 Intro| regarded as ironical or sceptical. He is arguing ‘ad hominem’
953 Intro| Nor are the reasonings of Schleiermacher, who argues that the Platonic
954 Intro| the teachers of physical science and with the Sophists. But
955 Intro| nevertheless represented as scrupulously obedient to the laws. The
956 Text | about the heaven above, and searched into the earth beneath,
957 Text | and a curious person, who searches into things under the earth
958 Intro| Clouds of Aristophanes. Secondly, there are the professed
959 Intro| which they will be excellent securities.~(He is condemned to death.)~
960 Text | which sum they will be ample security to you.~...~Not much time
961 Intro| ut non supplex aut reus sed magister aut dominus videretur
962 Intro| But his death ‘will be the seed’ of many disciples who will
963 | seeming
964 Text | For if a person were to select the night in which his sleep
965 Text | was a politician whom I selected for examination—and the
966 Intro| useful for the purpose of self-accusation. The parallelisms which
967 Text | And why not? Not from any self-assertion or want of respect for you.
968 Intro| comparison of the duty of self-examination, and of those principles
969 Text | men of Athens, was that of senator: the tribe Antiochis, which
970 Text | grown up and have become sensible that I gave them bad advice
971 Intro| cannot show that any single sentence in it was actually spoken
972 Text | happened in the state than my service to the God. For I do nothing
973 Text | who holds his peace.~But, setting aside the question of public
974 Text | account. For I am more than seventy years of age, and appearing
975 Text | I must simply fight with shadows in my own defence, and argue
976 Text | themselves in this way, how shameful is their conduct! I have
977 Text | indeed appear to me most shameless—unless by the force of eloquence
978 | she
979 Text | abide here by the beaked ships, a laughing-stock and a
980 Intro| properly so called; 2nd. The shorter address in mitigation of
981 Text | the power of the Thirty shortly afterwards come to an end.
982 Text | arrest me, and you called and shouted, I made up my mind that
983 Text | their crimes; and then I showed, not in word only but in
984 Text | Meletus, have sufficiently shown that you never had a thought
985 Text | votes gone over to the other side, I should have been acquitted.
986 Intro| actually occurred. It is significant that Plato is said to have
987 Text | me by God; and has been signified to me by oracles, visions,
988 Text | Observe, Meletus, that you are silent, and have nothing to say.
989 Text | charge against me. But the simple truth is, O Athenians, that
990 Intro| arrangement, the ironical simplicity, are found to result in
991 Text | yours, that you may not sin against the God by condemning
992 | since
993 Intro| is no reason to doubt his sincerity when he speculates on the
994 Intro| man than himself. Yet this singular and almost accidental character
995 Text | laws.~But that, my good sir, is not my meaning. I want
996 Text | expedition; or Odysseus or Sisyphus, or numberless others, men
997 Text | motions owing to his very size, and requires to be stirred
998 Text | taken up the bodies of the slain after the battle of Arginusae;
999 Text | against me. Well, what do the slanderers say? They shall be my prosecutors,
1000 Text | compliance to those who are slanderously termed my disciples, or
1001 Text | in a moment refute great slanders; and, as I am convinced
|