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1002 Text |           live in prison, and be the slave of the magistrates of the
1003 Text |              when he was so eager to slay Hector, his goddess mother
1004 Intro|              long sleep, the best of sleeps, or a journey to another
1005 Text |             companion Patroclus, and slew Hector, he would die himself—‘
1006 Text |     particular, then, I seem to have slightly the advantage of him. Then
1007 Text |             if I was going to make a slip or error in any matter;
1008 Text |             and move slowly, and the slower runner has overtaken me,
1009 Text |             death. I am old and move slowly, and the slower runner has
1010 Text |              he really never had the smallest interest. And the truth
1011 Intro|      parallelisms which occur in the so-called Apology of Xenophon are
1012 Intro|              of Critias, the poem of Solon, the virtues of Charmides,
1013 Intro|          does not admit of a precise solution, we may go on to ask what
1014 Text |     misleader of youth!— and then if somebody asks them, Why, what evil
1015 Text |            tell me and the court, in somewhat plainer terms, what you
1016 Text |            they are like diviners or soothsayers who also say many fine things,
1017 Intro|             Republic, Tim., Theaet., Soph., etc.) But at the same
1018 Intro|           may be observed that these sophisms all occur in his cross-examination
1019 Intro|             of youth,’ answering the Sophist according to his sophistry
1020 Intro|              may also be regarded as sophistical. He says that ‘if he has
1021 Intro|           another world in which the souls of the dead are gathered
1022 Intro|          ironical form, is doubtless sound: that his teaching had nothing
1023 Text |           the internal oracle is the source has constantly been in the
1024 Text |          would live even for a brief space, must have a private station
1025 Text |             he who says that I have, speaks falsely, and is taking away
1026 Text |             him to death. This was a specimen of the sort of commands
1027 Text |           you are not to enquire and speculate in this way any more, and
1028 Text |            Socrates, a wise man, who speculated about the heaven above,
1029 Intro|          doubt his sincerity when he speculates on the possibility of seeing
1030 Text |          nothing to do with physical speculations. Very many of those here
1031 Intro|        compared generally with those speeches of Thucydides in which he
1032 Text |           again there is Lysanias of Sphettus, who is the father of Aeschines—
1033 Intro|              contained is manifestly spurious. The statements of the Memorabilia
1034 Intro|            that he meant to give the stamp of authenticity to the one
1035 Intro|        relation the Apology of Plato stands to the real defence of Socrates,
1036 Intro|             manifestly spurious. The statements of the Memorabilia respecting
1037 Text |           space, must have a private station and not a public one.~I
1038 Text |          spiritual agencies in their stead. These are the lessons by
1039 Text |             size, and requires to be stirred into life. I am that gadfly
1040 Intro|      described, he is the gadfly who stirs the generous steed into
1041 Intro|             sophistry, which are the stock-accusations against all philosophers
1042      | stop
1043 Text |            and yet I have often been stopped in the middle of a speech,
1044 Intro|            Oracle (Riddell), and the story is of a kind which is very
1045 Text |           you affirm?~That is what I stoutly affirm.~I am very unfortunate
1046 Text |           condemned, behaving in the strangest manner: they seemed to fancy
1047 Text |            expression, I cared not a straw for death, and that my great
1048 Intro|         might have been improved and strengthened, at all more conclusive. (
1049 Text |          think that you might easily strike me dead as Anytus advises,
1050 Text |            other multitude, honestly striving against the many lawless
1051 Text |             or unholy thing. For the strong arm of that oppressive power
1052 Text |    disparagingly of any one who is a student of natural philosophy. I
1053 Intro|            is rather in form than in substance, though we might desire
1054 Text |           you will not easily find a successor to me, who, if I may use
1055 Text |         temper (like a person who is suddenly awakened from sleep), and
1056 Intro|              The idealization of the sufferer is carried still further
1057 Intro|            can be no fear of any one suffering death for his opinions.~
1058 Text |               But you, Meletus, have sufficiently shown that you never had
1059 Intro|         previous formula, which is a summary of public opinion, assumes
1060 Text |           You have heard me speak at sundry times and in divers places
1061 Intro|             negative. His irony, his superiority, his audacity, ‘regarding
1062 Intro|            He is not therefore to be supplemented from the Memorabilia and
1063 Intro|          spirit of defiance, (ut non supplex aut reus sed magister aut
1064 Text |       relatives. Why should they too support me with their testimony?
1065 Intro|          that the way in which he is supposed to corrupt the youth?’ ‘
1066 Text |             I had led a public life, supposing that like a good man I had
1067 Text |            imagine that I could have survived all these years, if I had
1068 Intro|            appearance of truth. More suspicious is the statement that Socrates
1069 Intro|        penalty of unrighteousness is swifter than death; that penalty
1070 Intro|            to Plato (compare Phaedo; Symp.), as well as Xenophon (
1071 Intro|              of irony in them, which takes them out of the category
1072 Text |           present who would not have talked better about their poetry
1073 Text |         great and noble steed who is tardy in his motions owing to
1074 Intro|            private instructions; his tarry-at-home life to their wandering
1075 Text |            avail me in my cause! The task is not an easy one; I quite
1076 Text |       Palamedes, and Ajax the son of Telamon, and any other ancient hero
1077 Text |             that you may feel out of temper (like a person who is suddenly
1078 Text |           those who are slanderously termed my disciples, or to any
1079 Text |           they not only pay, but are thankful if they may be allowed to
1080 Intro|      Sophists, Meno, Republic, Tim., Theaet., Soph., etc.) But at the
1081 Text |         Demodocus, who had a brother Theages; and Adeimantus the son
1082 Text |            is Nicostratus the son of Theosdotides, and the brother of Theodotus (
1083      | thereupon
1084 Intro|            the Gorgias, in which the thesis is maintained, that ‘to
1085 Text |             for much, and the son of Thetis above all, who altogether
1086 Text |            for he knows nothing, and thinks that he knows; I neither
1087 Text |       privately to every one of you, thither I went, and sought to persuade
1088 Text |            you; and when the orators threatened to impeach and arrest me,
1089 Intro|          with the aggravated, almost threatening, tone of the conclusion.
1090 Intro|            tongue bound even ‘in the throat of death.’ With his accusers
1091      | throughout
1092 Intro|     generally with those speeches of Thucydides in which he has embodied
1093 Intro|            Sophists, Meno, Republic, Tim., Theaet., Soph., etc.)
1094 Text |            array and have persuasive tongues, they have filled your ears
1095 Intro|            Socrates.~Yet some of the topics may have been actually used
1096 Intro|          very light. Also there is a touch of irony in them, which
1097 Text |         nothing I either said or did touching the matter in hand has the
1098 Intro|               ouch os authadizomenos touto lego). Neither is he desirous
1099 Intro|        intercourse. Nor is there any trace in the Dialogues of an attempt
1100 Intro|             be true in some ideal or transcendental sense. The commonplace reply,
1101 Intro|             conclusive. (See English Translation.) What effect the death
1102 Text |            of opposing me even about trifles, if I was going to make
1103 Text |          Rhadamanthus and Aeacus and Triptolemus, and other sons of God who
1104 Intro|             and in the height of his triumph, when he is weakest, and
1105 Text |               the heroes who fell at Troy were not good for much,
1106 Intro|            similar occasions, and he trusts that they will not be angry
1107 Intro|          life or death. His absolute truthfulness seems to hinder him from
1108 Text |              class of my accusers; I turn to the second class. They
1109 Intro|           Whether his disciples have turned out well or ill, he cannot
1110 Text |             my words; and whether he turns out to be a bad man or a
1111 Intro|         therefore have done no good. Twice in public matters he has
1112 Intro|           again in resistance to the tyrannical commands of the Thirty.~
1113 Intro|              pursuit, ‘which was not unamusing.’ And hence bitter enmities
1114 Text |             after another, being not unconscious of the enmity which I provoked,
1115 Text |             of nothingness and utter unconsciousness, or, as men say, there is
1116 Text |           them? Is there any one who understands human and political virtue?
1117 Intro|            The above remarks must be understood as applying with any degree
1118 Intro|             at the theatre. Socrates undertakes to show that Meletus (rather
1119 Text |             has, I reproach him with undervaluing the greater, and overvaluing
1120 Text |         thought fit to leave nothing undone or unsaid. Not so; the deficiency
1121 Text |            good of man, and that the unexamined life is not worth living,
1122 Text |              country:—Am I making an unfair request of you? Never mind
1123 Text |            stoutly affirm.~I am very unfortunate if you are right. But suppose
1124 Text |         Socrates, when there are not unfrequently exhibitions of them at the
1125 Text |          should do an unrighteous or unholy thing. For the strong arm
1126 Intro|            to him both uncertain and unimportant in comparison of the duty
1127 Text |            suffered death through an unjust judgment; and there will
1128 Intro|            show that Meletus (rather unjustifiably) has been compounding a
1129 Text |              he is doing—the evil of unjustly taking away the life of
1130 Text |              pretence of knowing the unknown; and no one knows whether
1131      | unlike
1132 Intro|               accompanied by the not unnatural feeling that they would
1133 Text |              leave nothing undone or unsaid. Not so; the deficiency
1134 Text |             dreams, death will be an unspeakable gain. For if a person were
1135      | until
1136 Text |            likely to bring you to an untimely end? To him I may fairly
1137 Intro|           the defence of Socrates is untrue practically, but may be
1138 Text |          teaching, he is speaking an untruth. Wherefore, O men of Athens,
1139 Text |            which, as I maintain, are unworthy of me. I thought at the
1140 Intro|        rhetoric is described as only useful for the purpose of self-accusation.
1141 Intro|    throughout a spirit of defiance, (ut non supplex aut reus sed
1142 Intro|            of the oracle, and in the vain hope of finding a wiser
1143 Text |             words only, but what you value far more—actions. Let me
1144 Intro|           and he makes no attempt to veil his ignorance in mythology
1145 Text |       concerns of others, but do not venture to come forward in public
1146 Intro|            at least have the Olympic victor’s reward of maintenance
1147 Intro|             sed magister aut dominus videretur esse judicum’ (Cic. de Orat.);
1148 Text |           father these extraordinary views. And so, Meletus, you really
1149 Text |             to suffer the penalty of villainy and wrong; and I must abide
1150 Intro|           people in harsher and more violent terms was, as far as we
1151 Intro|               the poem of Solon, the virtues of Charmides, they may have
1152 Text |          signified to me by oracles, visions, and in every way in which
1153 Text |          liked me to do, weeping and wailing and lamenting, and saying
1154 Text |             reproach you. If you had waited a little while, your desire
1155 Text |            these or the like words, ‘waits for you next after Hector;’
1156 Text |             about and saying that he walks in air, and talking a deal
1157 Text |              tell you the tale of my wanderings and of the ‘Herculean’ labours,
1158 Text |              the wisdom which I find wanting in others: but the truth
1159 Text |       indictment in a spirit of mere wantonness and youthful bravado. Has
1160 Text |              taken me privately, and warned and admonished me; for if
1161 Text |          Hector;’ he, receiving this warning, utterly despised danger
1162 Intro|              his triumph, when he is weakest, and yet his mastery over
1163 Text |              what the many care for— wealth, and family interests, and
1164      | Whereupon
1165 Text |         either acquit me or not; but whichever you do, understand that
1166 Intro|        religion. Probably he neither wholly believed, nor disbelieved,
1167 Text |          escaping death, if a man is willing to say and do anything.
1168 Intro|         would have acquitted him. He wishes them to know that the divine
1169 Text |            man who has never had the wit to be idle during his whole
1170 Intro|          relations would surely have witnessed against him, with which
1171 Text |             than the citizen who has won the prize at Olympia in
1172 Text |             my poverty.~Some one may wonder why I go about in private
1173 Text |         flesh and blood, and not ‘of wood or stone,’ as Homer says;
1174 Intro|         found to result in a perfect work of art, which is the portrait
1175 Text |               because they were good workmen they thought that they also
1176 Text |              you to a witness who is worthy of credit; that witness
1177 Text |          that not by wisdom do poets write poetry, but by a sort of
1178 Intro|          entirely different class of writers. The Apology of Plato is
1179 Intro|          worth noticing, because the writing in which they are contained
1180 Intro|           actual indictment (compare Xen. Mem.); and the previous
1181 Text |            of the magistrates of the year—of the Eleven? Or shall
1182 Text |             I should have refused to yield’ I must have died at once.
1183 Text |        spirit of mere wantonness and youthful bravado. Has he not compounded
1184 Text |            to trial from a pretended zeal and interest about matters