Dialogue

   1 Craty|             assigned for this obscurity: 1st, the subtlety and allusiveness
   2 Craty|              constraining or necessary.~(7) We have shown that language,
   3 Craty|                 jus et norma loquendi.’~(8) There are two ways in which
   4 Craty|                  written grammatically.~(9) Proceeding further to trace
   5 Craty|              etymological enthusiasm has abated, Socrates ends, as he has
   6 Craty|             language. The creative power abating is supplemented by a mechanical
   7 Craty|                 needed. Language equally abhors vacancy and superfluity.
   8 Craty|          transition and there is nothing abiding; for knowledge too cannot
   9 Craty|          according to the measure of our ability, saying by way of preface,
  10 Craty|                 Then in reference to his ablutions and absolutions, as being
  11 Craty|                  and ultimately tends to abolish the distinction between
  12 Craty|               the only Gods known to the aboriginal Hellenes. Seeing that they
  13 Craty|               shooting, just as aboulia, absence of counsel, on the other
  14 Craty|           reference to his ablutions and absolutions, as being the physician
  15 Craty|                the reality of that which absorbs his own mind. Nor do we
  16 Craty|             which he attempts to realize abstractions, and that they are replaced
  17 Craty|              admit etymologies which are absurd, based on Heracleitean fancies,
  18 Craty|           ironical exaggeration of their absurdities. Such were Aristophanes
  19 Craty|                 I may not fall into some absurdity in stating the principle
  20 Craty|             principle is liable to great abuse; and, like the ‘Deus ex
  21 Craty|                less, even in schools and academies, do we ever attempt to invent
  22 Craty|             something which will be more acceptable to the disciples of Euthyphro,
  23 Craty|                 various inflexions which accompany them; between the mere mechanical
  24 Craty|                motion (pora) of the soul accompanying the world, and things which
  25 Craty|                 and this flux of his may accomplish yet greater marvels. For
  26 Craty|               act of reflection that the accusative of a Latin noun in ‘us’
  27 Craty|             sprung up, who are sometimes accused of putting words in the
  28 Craty|             signifying to chatharon chai acheraton tou nou, the pure and garnished
  29 Craty|              with me. Were we not lately acknowledging that the first givers of
  30 Craty|                  society find themselves acquiescing in a new pronunciation or
  31 Craty|                  fast and furious, vires acquirit eundo, remind us strongly
  32      | across
  33 Craty|                   It makes three Voices, Active, Passive, and Middle, but
  34 Craty|             action and has a relation to acts, is not naming also a sort
  35 Craty|             origin of language, in which Adam Smith, Rousseau, and other
  36 Craty|                he may close or open, and adapt in various ways; making,
  37 Craty|               rightly, when you spoke of adding and subtracting letters
  38 Craty|             understand: Suppose a person addressing Cratylus were to say, Hail,
  39 Craty|             cannot be explained, or even adequately described. We can understand
  40 Craty|            courage (andreia),—injustice (adikia), which is obviously nothing
  41 Craty|                are related, adverbs from adjectives? Why do words differing
  42 Craty|              listens with a sort of half admiration, half belief, to the speculations
  43 Craty|           element of convention; but the admission of this does not help us
  44 Craty|               surely be so if our former admissions hold good?~CRATYLUS: Very
  45 Craty|                  the contrivance which I adopt whenever I am in a difficulty
  46 Craty|                  but I see that you have advanced; for you now admit that
  47 Craty|           character of an adjective, the adverb either of an adjective or
  48 Craty|                  which they are related, adverbs from adjectives? Why do
  49 Craty|               hits right and left at his adversaries: Ouranos is so called apo
  50 Craty|               philosopher is his natural advisor. We are not to suppose that
  51 Craty|                  usually derived apo tou aeidous, because the God is concerned
  52 Craty|                 us that great poets like Aeschylus or Sophocles or Pindar or
  53 Craty|              employs the word air (aer = aetes rheo). Aither (aether) I
  54 Craty|                   so to speak, air-flux (aetorroun), in the sense of wind-flux (
  55 Craty|     characteristic features of language, affecting both syntax and style, is
  56 Craty|            historical. They teach us the affinity of races, they tell us something
  57 Craty|             anything of this sort, he is affirming a proposition which has
  58 Craty|                 proceed? What names will afford the most crucial test of
  59 Craty|                of speech. The phonograph affords a visible evidence of the
  60 Craty|                aft,’ in the words of the aforesaid Homer. And now let me see;
  61 Craty|                  speech; and we have the after-growth of mythology, which, like
  62 Craty|                  to enquire: it is their aftergrowth with which we are now concerned.
  63 Craty|                  given to the admirable (agasto) in nature; for, although
  64 Craty|                   or Rush; agathon is ro agaston en te tachuteti,—for all
  65 Craty|       controversies in which the primary agency of the divine Being is confused
  66 Craty|               them, and begins, first to agglomerate, then to distinguish them.
  67 Craty|                 more or less inclined to agglutinate or to decompose them: they
  68 Craty|                 not lay aside but rather aggravates his banter of the Heracleiteans,
  69 Craty|           binding of two together (duein agoge) for the purpose of drawing;—
  70 Craty|            duogon, quasi desis duein eis agogen—(the binding of two together
  71 Craty|           meaning be perverted, are more agreeable to us and have a greater
  72 Craty|              process of settling down is aided by the organs of speech
  73 Craty|                   combines the notion of aiming and deliberating—all these
  74 Craty|                or because he variegates (aiolei = poikillei) the earth.
  75 Craty|                 about the earth; or from aiolein, of which the meaning is
  76 Craty|                things, is rightly called aipolos (goat-herd), he being the
  77 Craty|                the poets call the winds ‘air-blasts,’ (aetai); he who uses the
  78 Craty|              term may mean, so to speak, air-flux (aetorroun), in the sense
  79 Craty|                but quasi to katharon kai akeraton tou nou—the pure and garnished
  80 Craty|             alusiteles (unadvantageous), akerdes (ungainful).~HERMOGENES:
  81 Craty|              word, which is derived from aleinos (grievous); odune (grief)
  82 Craty|                 and is so called apo tou algeinou: odune is apo tes enduseos
  83 Craty|                 for the Dorians call him alios, and this name is given
  84 Craty|                at his rising he gathers (alizei) men together, or because
  85 Craty|                when he rises he gathers (alizoi) men together or because
  86 Craty|               implied of the ordering or all-pervading principle which is praised,
  87 Craty|                  on the left by men, de, alla, kaitoi, kai de and the
  88 Craty|                 name of Zeus, who is his alleged father, has also an excellent
  89 Craty|               Athene we must turn to the allegorical interpreters of Homer, who
  90 Craty|               which is in another place, allothi pou: eros was anciently
  91 Craty|                  the dialogues of Plato, allowance has to be made for the character
  92 Craty|         presupposed; there is no need to allude to them further. (3) It
  93 Craty|                 and the Orphic poets are alluded to by the way; then he discovers
  94 Craty|                have been found, like the allusions of Aristophanes in the Clouds,
  95 Craty|         obscurity: 1st, the subtlety and allusiveness of this species of composition;
  96      | along
  97 Craty|              name heros is only a slight alteration of Eros, from whom the heroes
  98 Craty|                written, which with a few alterations have now been reprinted.
  99 Craty|                 and time is also a great alterer of words. For example, what
 100 Craty|              anassein or his ‘longius ex altoque sinum trahit,’ can produce
 101 Craty|                anopheles (unprofitable), alusiteles (unadvantageous), akerdes (
 102 Craty|         languages be easily broken up by amalgamation with each other. The distance
 103 Craty|               knowledge) and observe how ambiguous this word is, seeming rather
 104 Craty|                  seem to imply by it her amiability, and her smooth and easy-going
 105 Craty|                may be disguised, and yet amid differences of sound the
 106 Craty|                  Thessalians call Apollo Amlos;’ ‘The Phrygians have the
 107 Craty|           impossible to assign a precise amount of meaning to each of the
 108 Craty|             Plato, like Lucian, has been amusing his fancy by writing a comedy
 109 Craty|                 not such distinctions an anachronism? for they imply a growth
 110 Craty|             speech, pleonasms, ellipses, anacolutha, pros to semainomenon, and
 111 Craty|               the derivation of the word anagkaion (necessary) an agke ion,
 112 Craty|               pictorial or symbolical or analogical word was refined into a
 113 Craty|                 search after things, and analyses their meaning, is in great
 114 Craty|                   that if a person go on analysing names into words, and enquiring
 115 Craty|                  which can be no further analyzed. For example; the word agathos
 116 Craty|                  of it, but he is merely analyzing what never existed, or is
 117 Craty|             power of breath and revival (anapsuchon), and when this reviving
 118 Craty|                 or animating principle—e anapsuchousa to soma; but I am afraid
 119 Craty|               nekuessi kataphthimenoisin anassein or his ‘longius ex altoque
 120 Craty|               the upsetting of the eyes (anastrephein opa).~HERMOGENES: What do
 121 Craty|                are Hellenic; and a king (anax) and a holder (ektor) have
 122 Craty|             place, allothi pou: eros was anciently esros, and so called because
 123 Craty|                one another or meet at an angle, or mix with one another
 124 Craty|              reviving, or refreshing, or animating principle—e anapsuchousa
 125 Craty|               please, in the first place announce to them that we are not
 126 Craty|                axumphoron (inexpedient), anopheles (unprofitable), alusiteles (
 127 Craty|            originality. Andreia is quasi anpeia quasi e ano roe, the stream
 128 Craty|                 flux of Heracleitus—that antediluvian philosopher who cannot walk
 129 Craty|               tell me why men are called anthropoi?—that is more difficult.~
 130 Craty|           sentences into words. The name anthrotos is a case in point, for
 131 Craty|              difficulty has been already anticipated in part: Socrates is not
 132 Craty|            actual existence; or that the antitheses, parallels, conjugates,
 133 Craty|                treble forms of Perfects, Aorists, etc. are hardly ever contemporaneous.
 134 Craty|                tries to move in a circle apart from them, laying down the
 135 Craty|                for instance. This, by an aphaeresis of tau and an epenthesis
 136 Craty|                 they are more isolated), aphasia, and the like. There are
 137 Craty|             Aphrodite, born of the foam (aphros), may be fairly accepted
 138 Craty|                  an omicron, so the name Apollon is equivalent to omopolon;
 139 Craty|          Cratylus is the Socrates of the Apology and Symposium, not yet Platonized;
 140 Craty|         ill-omened sound of destruction (apolon). Now the suspicion of this
 141 Craty|                 the reign of law becomes apparent. Yet the law is but partially
 142 Craty|                names are correct; and he appeals to the practice of different
 143 Craty|                urged equally against all applications of the Darwinian theory.
 144 Craty|          principle of correctness, which applies equally both to Greeks and
 145 Craty|              into differences of kind by applying the term only to conspicuous
 146 Craty|               been the idea of those who appointed that sacrifices should be
 147 Craty|                  his contemporaries have appreciably varied their intonation
 148 Craty|                  Latin will enable us to appreciate the grand difference between
 149 Craty|                  we have a difficulty in appreciating, and the possible variety
 150 Craty|          correctness may be more readily apprehended in that instance: you will
 151 Craty|                only hears the sound, but apprehends the meaning: or we may imagine
 152 Craty|                kakia, or vice, specially appropriated to it. The meaning of kakos
 153 Craty|                that Pelops is also named appropriately; for, as the name implies,
 154 Craty|                  HERMOGENES: I very much approve.~SOCRATES: That objects
 155 Craty|              deduced from one another by ara, de, oun, toinun and the
 156 Craty|                  that they are not given arbitrarily, but have a natural fitness?
 157 Craty|                  Again, he ridicules the arbitrary methods of pulling out and
 158 Craty|            ruling principle, ‘quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi.’~(
 159 Craty|               letters of their names has Archepolis (ruler of the city)—and
 160 Craty|              prophecy, and medicine, and archery.~HERMOGENES: That must be
 161 Craty|            nature, dia to artemes, or as aretes istor; or as a lover of
 162 Craty|                of great cities, from the argot of Paris (that language
 163 Craty|                   he would probably have argued, could men devoid of art
 164 Craty|                 that names can. Socrates argues, that he may go up to a
 165 Craty|                palaioi Omerikoi (compare Arist. Met.) and the Orphic poets
 166 Craty|              again improving or waning?’~Aristot. Metaph.:—~‘And if a person
 167 Craty|            except that he is recorded by Aristotle to have been the friend
 168 Craty|               has an analogy with space, arithmetic with geometry. Not only
 169 Craty|                at Troy with all the vast army is a proof of that admirable
 170 Craty|             passed into a language. Then arose poetry and literature. We
 171 Craty|           teacher, the dialectician, the arranger of species. There is nothing
 172 Craty|               far he goes back, he never arrives at the beginning; or rather,
 173 Craty|                naming is an art, and has artificers?~CRATYLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES:
 174 Craty|                 borrowed words which are artificially made or imported because
 175 Craty|           legislator, who of all skilled artisans in the world is the rarest.~
 176 Craty|                  psyche. ‘That is a more artistic etymology.’~After psuche
 177 Craty|         correctness of names can only be ascertained by an appeal to etymology.
 178 Craty|                 we have no difficulty in ascertaining how the sounds and meanings
 179 Craty|               them, whether in Europe or Asia. Such changes are the silent
 180 Craty|             thoughts; so various are the aspects in which it is regarded
 181 Craty|            Protagoras and Euthydemus are assailed; then the interpreters of
 182 Craty|                explanations of the poet, assert that he meant by Athene ‘
 183 Craty|            battle of names, some of them asserting that they are like the truth,
 184 Craty|                  representations than by assimilating them to the objects as much
 185 Craty|                  true way is to have the assistance of those who know, and you
 186 Craty|               you will be made better by associating with another?~HERMOGENES:
 187 Craty|               first names, or let him be assured he will only talk nonsense
 188 Craty|                  follow. Now I should be astonished to find that names are really
 189 Craty|                  diminution; the name of astra (stars) seems to be derived
 190 Craty|                suffering diminution, and astron is from astrape (lightning),
 191 Craty|                  an harmonious power, as astronomers and musicians ingeniously
 192 Craty|              rather, as in Geology or in Astronomy, there is no beginning.
 193 Craty|                 of Aphrodite dia ten tou athrou genesin may be accepted
 194 Craty|        destructive), ateires (stubborn), atreotos (fearless); and Pelops is
 195 Craty|              ateires the stubborn, or as atrestos the fearless, or as ateros
 196 Craty|              compare Theaet.), I were to attach any value to what he and
 197 Craty|                 further resolution seems attainable, we may fairly conclude
 198 Craty|                  in our waking thoughts, attaining a greater distinctness and
 199 Craty|                 we remark that words are attracted by the sounds and senses
 200 Craty|                  were due to many chance attractions of sound or of meaning,
 201 Craty|                or words) are not equally attributable and applicable to the things
 202 Craty|               some new idea to a popular audience or to the ordinary reader
 203 Craty|                 as Luther’s Bible or the Authorized English Translation of the
 204 Craty|               aei rei; or, oti pneuma ex autou ginetai (compare the poetic
 205 Craty|                invented prepositions and auxiliaries. The theologian would have
 206 Craty|              upon the earth, Beneficent, averters of ills, guardians of mortal
 207 Craty|              soul, but they were not yet awakened into consciousness and had
 208 Craty|                Pherephatta, that word of awe, is pheretapha, which is
 209 Craty|           philosophy it is apt to become awkward, to stammer and repeat itself,
 210 Craty|               put into iron the forms of awls adapted by nature to their
 211 Craty|                they?~SOCRATES: The words axumphoron (inexpedient), anopheles (
 212 Craty|       Heracleitean of the fourth century B.C., on the nature of language
 213 Craty|              young infant he laughed and babbled; but not until there were
 214 Craty|               the order of words and the balance of clauses, sometimes not
 215 Craty|                but rather aggravates his banter of the Heracleiteans, whom
 216 Craty|                 whether he be Hellene or barbarian, is not therefore to be
 217 Craty|               there may have been many a barbaric genius who taught the men
 218 Craty|             sense of harmony it became a barbarism which disturbed the flow
 219 Craty|           conspire; the eloquence of the bard or chief, as in later times
 220 Craty|                of language has been laid bare; the relations of sounds
 221 Craty|                  and am leaping over the barriers, and have been already sufficiently
 222 Craty|               the word istoria (enquiry) bears upon the face of it the
 223 Craty|        irresistible kind in which birds, beasts and fishes devour one another,
 224 Craty|            ischon roun), and that is now beaten together into aischron.~
 225 Craty|                euphony, and twisting and bedizening them in all sorts of ways:
 226 Craty|           question of its utility to the beginner in the study. Even to him
 227 Craty|             smooth and easy-going way of behaving. Artemis is named from her
 228 Craty|                 whose voice and look and behaviour, whose gesticulations and
 229 Craty|                  of view in which he may behold the progress of states and
 230 Craty|                too late” to us as to the belated traveller in Aegina.’~The
 231 Craty|                at contemporary religious beliefs. Lastly, he is impatient
 232 Craty|                  like the metaphysician, believes in the reality of that which
 233 Craty|             which comes out of the earth beneath. People in general appear
 234 Craty|              holy demons upon the earth, Beneficent, averters of ills, guardians
 235 Craty|               permitted to appear: 2. as Benfey remarks, an erroneous example
 236 Craty|            rather an harmonious name, as beseems the God of Harmony. In the
 237 Craty|                There is the danger which besets all enquiries into the early
 238 Craty|             other gifts which nature has bestowed upon man, that of speech
 239 Craty|                   philosophie une langue bien faite.’ At first, Socrates
 240 Craty|                 and not of extraordinary births;—if contrary to nature a
 241 Craty|               languages, such as that of Bishop Wilkins, are chiefly useful
 242 Craty|           foreign origin. Blaberon is to blamton or boulomenon aptein tou
 243 Craty|                  said to hinder or harm (blaptein) the stream (roun); blapton
 244 Craty|             blaptein) the stream (roun); blapton is boulomenon aptein (seeking
 245 Craty|                sometimes enveloping in a blaze of jests the most serious
 246 Craty|            dwelling upon them seriously; blending inextricably sense and nonsense;
 247 Craty|               perhaps phoras onesis (the blessing of motion), but is at any
 248 Craty|               sends from below exceeding blessings. For he has much more than
 249 Craty|             curiously contrasts with his blindness in another; for he appears
 250 Craty|           governs the circulation of the blood, or the rising of the sap
 251 Craty|                  painter might insert or blot out a shade of colour to
 252 Craty|                     whither the argument blows we follow’ (Rep.). To have
 253 Craty|               animal, we should make our bodies and their gestures as like
 254 Craty|                the rushing (thuseos) and boiling of the soul; imeros (desire)
 255 Craty|              philosophy? Or may we be so bold as to deny the connexion
 256 Craty|                thing signified by it; or bombos (buzzing), of which the
 257 Craty|              jest from his earnest?—Sunt bona, sunt quaedum mediocria,
 258 Craty|               the greatest and strongest bond of the soul; and aporia (
 259 Craty|                  at the end of our logic books; and the etymologies of
 260 Craty|               are used as symbols on the border-ground of human knowledge; they
 261 Craty|                which they are compounded bore some degree of resemblance
 262 Craty|                 many cautions have to be borne in mind, and so many first
 263 Craty|           various degrees,—they may only borrow a few words from one another
 264 Craty|                 and districts by natural boundaries, or of a vast river eternally
 265 Craty|                  like the hammering of a brass pot.’ But you would acknowledge
 266 Craty|                  noise of hammering at a brazen pot.~SOCRATES: But let us
 267 Craty|               too apt to suppose that by breaking up the existing forms of
 268 Craty|                is taught to read, but he breaks forth spontaneously in speech.
 269 Craty|                is easy enough; the noble breed of heroes are a tribe of
 270 Craty|          Hippodamia by all means for his bride. Every one would agree that
 271 Craty|               imaginary transitions will bridge over the chasm which separates
 272 Craty|                 nature. We may now speak briefly of the faults of language.
 273 Craty|           SOCRATES: The two words selas (brightness) and phos (light) have much
 274 Craty|               finding them. Naturally he broke out into speech—like the
 275 Craty|                  figure of the mouth: or bronte (thunder), in which the
 276 Craty|                 let us next take his two brothers, Poseidon and Pluto, whether
 277 Craty|              thrauein (crush), ereikein (bruise), thruptein (break), kermatixein (
 278 Craty|                 who meant to express the brutality and fierceness and mountain
 279 Craty|               execute them worse; and of builders also, the better sort build
 280 Craty|                than of the first huts or buildings which were constructed by
 281 Craty|         achthedon is in its very sound a burden: chapa expresses the flow
 282 Craty|         instrument with which men cut or burn, and any other way will
 283 Craty|                are made as well as grow; bursting into life like a plant or
 284 Craty|                day.~For the age was very busy with philological speculation;
 285 Craty|              signified by it; or bombos (buzzing), of which the first syllable,
 286 Craty|             human mind is not capable of calculating. They are a drop or two
 287 Craty|              sound of the words has been carefully preserved and that the meaning
 288 Craty|               from one topic to another, careless of the unity of his work,
 289 Craty|                 work of a physician, and carpentering does the works of a carpenter?~
 290 Craty|                 we should not forget how casual is the manner in which their
 291 Craty|           Antisthenes, how does the long catalogue of etymologies furnish any
 292 Craty|                of both combined. So many cautions have to be borne in mind,
 293 Craty|                  but, as in the Timaeus, cautious and tentative, when he is
 294 Craty|                 dein is always a term of censure; boulomenon aptein roun (
 295 Craty|               binding principle which is censured. And this is further illustrated
 296 Craty|                cannot be determined with certainty. The style and subject,
 297 Craty|                they may be all referred (cf. Phaedrus); and hence we
 298 Craty|                 b becomes p, or d, t, or ch, k; or why two languages
 299 Craty|                  signifying to chatharon chai acheraton tou nou, the pure
 300 Craty|                  have been repeated as a chant or part of a ritual, but
 301 Craty|                 its very sound a burden: chapa expresses the flow of soul:
 302 Craty|            labours,’ as any one may see; chara (joy) is the very expression
 303 Craty|              impossible,’ which Socrates characteristically sets aside as too subtle
 304 Craty|                association are essential characteristics of language. The great master
 305 Craty|                  1) in which things were characterized independently, (2) in which
 306 Craty|                  of personifying, in the characters of Hermogenes, Socrates,
 307 Craty|                hand, he cannot be justly charged with a desire to frame language
 308 Craty|                 found that in the Lysis, Charmides, Laches, Protagoras, Meno,
 309 Craty|               the fears and hopes of the chase, which are excited by his
 310 Craty|         transitions will bridge over the chasm which separates man from
 311 Craty|                 youth, but signifying to chatharon chai acheraton tou nou,
 312 Craty|               ermeneus, the messenger or cheater or thief or bargainer; or
 313 Craty|               into terpnon; eupherosune (cheerfulness) and epithumia explain themselves;
 314 Craty|                sounds or words, and the ‘chemical’ combination of them into
 315 Craty|              Geology, the ‘compounds’ of Chemistry, ‘the ripe fruit of pronouns
 316 Craty|               and diffusion of the soul (cheo); terpsis (delight) is so
 317 Craty|               probable.~SOCRATES: Again, cherdaleon (gainful) is called from
 318 Craty|                  gainful) is called from cherdos (gain), but you must alter
 319 Craty|             human frame, including head, chest, lungs, have a share in
 320 Craty|               omichrons, one between the chi and nu, and another between
 321 Craty|              garnished mind (sc. apo tou chorein). He, as we are informed
 322 Craty|                name: Kronos quasi Koros (Choreo, to sweep), not in the sense
 323 Craty|              entirely convince me, if he chose to be intelligible. Tell
 324 Craty|               was Anaxagoras’ omou panta chremata, eita nous elthon diekosmese:
 325 Craty|                the law which governs the circulation of the blood, or the rising
 326 Craty|               first existed and men were citizens of them?~CLEINIAS: Hardly.~
 327 Craty|      corresponding stage in the mind and civilisation of man. In time, when the
 328 Craty|                  languages any more than civilisations to be in a state of dissolution;
 329 Craty|                 or maker of words, as in civilised ages the dialectician is
 330 Craty|          reproduced. They are refined by civilization, harmonized by poetry, emphasized
 331 Craty|                too, who certainly have a claim upon you.~SOCRATES: I am
 332 Craty|               whether philology is to be classed with the Natural or the
 333 Craty|               when we have perfected the classification of things, we shall give
 334 Craty|                  to tend equally to some clearly-defined end. His idea of literary
 335 Craty|            Heracleitean philosophers, he clings to the doctrine of the flux. (
 336 Craty|                    But now that fate has closed over this race They are
 337 Craty|                of system generally, have clothed it. We have also sought
 338 Craty|         allusions of Aristophanes in the Clouds, to have gone home to the
 339 Craty|           stammerer) that speech has the co-operation of the whole body and may
 340 Craty|                words differing in origin coalesce in the same sound though
 341 Craty|             people who imitate sheep, or cocks, or other animals, name
 342 Craty|              between the mere mechanical cohesion of sounds or words, and
 343 Craty|                 he conceived words, like coins, to be issued from the mint
 344 Craty|                 psi, sigma, xi, wind and cold, and so on. Plato’s analysis
 345 Craty|                  still works through the collocation of them in the sentence
 346 Craty|           clearly enough that letters or collocations of letters do by various
 347 Craty|                 in Troy who had a single combat with Hephaestus?~‘Whom,’
 348 Craty|                 and boulesthai (to wish) combines the notion of aiming and
 349 Craty|           amusing his fancy by writing a comedy in the form of a prose dialogue?
 350 Craty|               have been ‘the desired one coming after night,’ and not, as
 351 Craty|            speech will give us a greater command of it and enable us to make
 352 Craty|                  me a long lecture which commenced at dawn: he talked and I
 353 Craty|                   when they speak of the commencement of any rapid motion, often
 354 Craty|                but no man of sense would commit his soul in such enquiries
 355 Craty|                the dialogue his dread of committing impiety, the pretended derivation
 356 Craty|        gradations until a whole tribe or community or society find themselves
 357 Craty|         knowledge are inexhaustible. The comparisons of children learning to
 358 Craty|           superfluity are thus partially compensated by each other. It must be
 359 Craty|            familiarity with it more than compensates for incorrectness or inaccuracy
 360 Craty|         single-drachma course, he is not competent to give an opinion on such
 361 Craty|                in the case of one of two competing sounds; but these expressions
 362 Craty|              word which is not. Socrates complains that this argument is too
 363 Craty|                  they were on the eve of completion: they became fixed or crystallized
 364 Craty|                 familiar passage gives a complexion to its use everywhere else,
 365 Craty|            contrived a structure of such complexity? No answer could have been
 366 Craty|         recognizing words, after all the complications which they have undergone;
 367 Craty|                   How could any one ever compose a picture which would be
 368 Craty|               elements of which they are compounded bore some degree of resemblance
 369 Craty|                 out of them by imitation compounding other signs. That is my
 370 Craty|                 strata’ of Geology, the ‘compounds’ of Chemistry, ‘the ripe
 371 Craty|                 like ourselves unable to comprehend the whole of language, was
 372 Craty|               fact that under cases were comprehended originally many more relations,
 373 Craty|                have a false clearness or comprehensiveness, which adds nothing to our
 374 Craty|                 word onoma seems to be a compressed sentence, signifying on
 375 Craty|             Plato used words in order to conceal his thoughts, or that he
 376 Craty|                of the other two, just as conceptualism is the meeting-point of
 377 Craty|            excuses for having no reasons concerning the truth of words. And
 378 Craty|                attainable, we may fairly conclude that we have reached one
 379 Craty|                 of song, which is termed concord, because he moves all together
 380 Craty|             point of accuracy. The three concords are more accurately observed
 381 Craty|              power of names: he will not condemn himself to be an unreal
 382 Craty|         confident in any knowledge which condemns himself and other existences
 383 Craty|                weakening of them, by the condensation or rarefaction of consonants.
 384 Craty|                  that the other name was conferred by the women? And which
 385 Craty|             great mystery which has been confided to me; but when I ask for
 386 Craty|                 givers of names as to be confident in any knowledge which condemns
 387 Craty|                  of words or attempts to confine their meaning in the satire
 388 Craty|          knowledge of language is almost confined to languages which are fully
 389 Craty|                  the stronger? and which confines him more to the same spot,—
 390 Craty|            different Hellenic tribes, in confirmation of his view. Socrates asks,
 391 Craty|             words, which often come into conflict with each other. The grammarian,
 392 Craty|             earlier use of language into conformity with the later. Often they
 393 Craty|            affinities of them. We do not confuse the parts of speech with
 394 Craty|            little danger of mistaking or confusing them. For the mind of primitive
 395 Craty|               the antitheses, parallels, conjugates, correlatives of language
 396 Craty|                  Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions may or rather must recur
 397 Craty|                 are so disposed, we will conjure him away, and make a purgation
 398 Craty|           together, how we construct and connect sentences, what are the
 399 Craty|                man creates or constructs consciously and by design; and see,
 400 Craty|                  if there were a similar consensus about some other points
 401 Craty|                  that your silence gives consent), then custom and convention
 402 Craty|                and halting; of which the consequence is, that the soul becomes
 403 Craty|               unconscious of the remoter consequences which the murder of Myrtilus
 404 Craty|                 the women, who are great conservatives, iota and delta were used
 405 Craty|                not only sees (opope) but considers and looks up at that which
 406 Craty|           admitted, of the vowel and the consonant, of quantity and accent,
 407 Craty|                applying the term only to conspicuous and striking examples of
 408 Craty|                 man and the time seem to conspire; the eloquence of the bard
 409 Craty|             which they hope to obtain by constant association with him. He
 410 Craty|                always getting dizzy from constantly going round and round, and
 411 Craty|               the whole of language, was constrained to ‘supplement the poor
 412 Craty|                the force exerted by them constraining or necessary.~(7) We have
 413 Craty|                implying the principle of constraint and forced repose, which
 414 Craty|               put words together, how we construct and connect sentences, what
 415 Craty|            understand how man creates or constructs consciously and by design;
 416 Craty|                 manner when language is ‘contaminated’ by philosophy it is apt
 417 Craty|           confusion and displacement and contamination of sounds and the meanings
 418 Craty|            Aorists, etc. are hardly ever contemporaneous. It distinguishes Moods
 419 Craty|               are like the truth, others contending that THEY are, how or by
 420 Craty|             prose. At first mankind were contented to express their thoughts
 421 Craty|                  running riot over whole continents, times of suffering too
 422 Craty|              virtue crowns them; and his continuance at Troy with all the vast
 423 Craty|          continue to be knowledge unless continuing always to abide and exist.
 424 Craty|                though the consistency or continuity of them is not always perceptible
 425 Craty|                moment, yet like the air, continuous in all ages and countries,—
 426 Craty|                  The latter is doubtless contracted from aeischoroun, quasi
 427 Craty|                  author of names has not contradicted himself, but in all these
 428 Craty|                 vocal effect partly from contrast of letters, but in which
 429 Craty|                we trace the opposite and contrasted elements of the individual
 430 Craty|           convention must be supposed to contribute to the indication of our
 431 Craty|               fingers, hands, feet which contributes to the effect of it.~The
 432 Craty|                 anticipating many modern controversies in which the primary agency
 433 Craty|               this; nor (c) from greater convenience or expressiveness of particular
 434 Craty|         consideration of them may form a convenient introduction to the general
 435 Craty|               also natural, and the true conventional-natural is the rational. It is a
 436 Craty|                 they can communicate and converse; they can not only use words,
 437 Craty|                 Certainly.~SOCRATES: And conversely you may attribute the likeness
 438 Craty|                The letters delta and tau convey the idea of binding and
 439 Craty|                  that of speech has been conveyed to him through the medium,
 440 Craty|         therefore I have the most entire conviction that he called them demons,
 441 Craty|                 good and noble; and I am convinced of this, because he further
 442 Craty|                transitions or by violent convulsions, leaving many lacunae which
 443 Craty|                  you have, and in a word copies all your qualities, and
 444 Craty|                slightly connected by the copula. But within the sentence
 445 Craty|                imitation, like any other copy, may be imperfectly executed;
 446 Craty|              degree of light upon a dark corner of the human mind.~In the
 447 Craty|                 language, how far by any correction of their usages existing
 448 Craty|           whether ancient grammar or the corrections of it which modern philology
 449 Craty|                 words; and he afterwards corrects any erroneous inference
 450 Craty|                 due to the formation and correlation of words by accident, that
 451 Craty|                   parallels, conjugates, correlatives of language have anything
 452 Craty|                 where there is a perfect correspondence of sound and meaning. But
 453 Craty|               would like to have an open council and to hear both sides.~
 454 Craty|             doctrine of flux is only the counterflux (enantia rhon): if you extract
 455 Craty|            qualities which are the exact counterpart of the realities which they
 456 Craty|                  if images are not exact counterparts, why should names be? if
 457 Craty|               literature. In most of the counties of England there is still
 458 Craty|          impressed on the minds of their countrymen, perhaps in the hour of
 459 Craty|       Heracleitus in language. But he is covertly satirising the pretence
 460 Craty|        illustrated by the use of deilia (cowardice), which ought to have come
 461 Craty|                   lungs, have a share in creating it; and it may be accompanied
 462 Craty|                 called from the pleasure creeping (erpon) through the soul,
 463 Craty|                 to a breath (pnoe) which creeps (erpei) through the soul:
 464 Craty|                language of suffering and crime, so pathetically described
 465 Craty|              best discerned in the great crises of language, especially
 466 Craty|              perhaps in the hour of some crisis of national development—
 467 Craty|                 THEY are, how or by what criterion are we to decide between
 468 Craty|                 attributed; and the most critical period in the history of
 469 Craty|                of Hemsterhuis, and other critics of the last century; but
 470 Craty|              many of them and they would crowd the mind; the vocal imitation,
 471 Craty|              resolves, and by his virtue crowns them; and his continuance
 472 Craty|        onomatopea which has banished the cruder sort as unworthy to have
 473 Craty|         completion: they became fixed or crystallized in an imperfect form either
 474 Craty|               first efforts to speak and culminating in philosophy. But there
 475 Craty|              felicity and happiness. The cultivated mind desires something more,
 476 Craty|                healer) and Acesimbrotus (curer of mortals); and there are
 477 Craty|                of delight and feeling of curiosity when we first came across
 478 Craty|                 insight in one direction curiously contrasts with his blindness
 479 Craty|             speaks of them, to have been current in his own age: 4. the philosophy
 480 Craty|                  theonoa = theounoa is a curtailed form of theou noesis, but
 481 Craty|             manners of men and gave them customs, whose voice and look and
 482 Craty|                languages b becomes p, or d, t, or ch, k; or why two
 483 Craty|              think of the words which we daily use, as derived from the
 484 Craty|                  man is more than human (daimonion) both in life and death,
 485 Craty|                  cruelty to Thyestes are damaging and destructive to his reputation—
 486 Craty|               call shaking (pallein), or dancing.~HERMOGENES: That is quite
 487 Craty|            Socrates expresses in his own dangerous discoveries, which ‘to-morrow
 488 Craty|         generalizations we may note also dangers to which we are exposed. (
 489 Craty|              been hammered into arete. I daresay that you will deem this
 490 Craty|              light which comes after the darkness, and is therefore called
 491 Craty|             Tethys, who was his mother’s daughter.’~You see that this is a
 492 Craty|                  the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair;’
 493 Craty|            countries; it brings back the dawning light from one end of the
 494 Craty|                   being no speaker;’ the dearly-bought wisdom of Callias, the Lacedaemonian
 495 Craty|          trickling stream which deposits debris of the rocks over which
 496 Craty|                 preserve and enlarge the decaying instinct of language, by
 497 Craty|                  self-deception—when the deceiver is always at home and always
 498 Craty|                that there is a degree of deception about names? He who first
 499 Craty|                is interspersed with many declarations ‘that he knows nothing,’ ‘
 500 Craty|             course of Prodicus, which is declared on the best authority, viz.
 501 Craty|              Then surely Pan, who is the declarer of all things (pan) and