Dialogue

 502 Craty|                 In Greek there are three declensions of nouns; the forms of cases
 503 Craty|                 same nouns may be partly declinable and partly indeclinable,
 504 Craty|            inclined to agglutinate or to decompose them: they may have modified
 505 Craty|                   Why yes, the end I now dedicate to God, not, however, until
 506 Craty|                  kai de and the like, or deduced from one another by ara,
 507 Craty|        consistently mistaken in the long deductions which follow. And this is
 508 Craty|         equivalent, has the meaning of a deep sound. We may observe also (
 509 Craty|                which is the greatest and deepest truth of philology; although
 510 Craty|                 powers in which they are deficient; there is the distinction
 511 Craty|            prepositions are used only to define the meaning of them with
 512 Craty|            theory, unless very precisely defined, hardly escapes from being
 513 Craty|                  the dialectician is the definer or distinguisher of them.
 514 Craty|           Grammar, like law, delights in definition: human speech, like human
 515 Craty|                  and Ares, and the other deities?~SOCRATES: Demeter is e
 516 Craty|                  about the power of this deity, and the foolish fears which
 517 Craty|                latter part of the Essay, Delbruck, ‘Study of Language;’ Paul’
 518 Craty|                 the notion of aiming and deliberating—all these words seem to
 519 Craty|                here I seem to discover a delicate allusion to the flux of
 520 Craty|                   At first, Socrates has delighted himself with discovering
 521 Craty|                are truly humorous. While delivering a lecture on the philosophy
 522 Craty|           interesting, but are apt to be delusive. Yet such figures of speech
 523 Craty|          quantity. But after a time they demanded a greater degree of freedom,
 524 Craty|             Euthyphro of the Prospaltian deme, who gave me a long lecture
 525 Craty|                wish; let us try gods and demi-gods. Gods are so called, apo
 526 Craty|                 know that the heroes are demigods?~HERMOGENES: What then?~
 527 Craty|              Sophist. And he proceeds to demolish, with no less delight than
 528 Craty|                that any one who seeks to demonstrate the fitness of these names
 529 Craty|                  me, the good is happily denominated lusiteloun—being that which
 530 Craty|             after death, and of the soul denuded of the body going to him (
 531 Craty|              length of the interval must depend on the character of the
 532 Craty|                be considered. Upon these depends the question whether it
 533 Craty|                 a trickling stream which deposits debris of the rocks over
 534 Craty|            another.~It has been usual to depreciate modern languages when compared
 535 Craty|                 things which he says are depreciated by himself. He professes
 536 Craty|                the truth of first names. Deprived of this, we must have recourse
 537 Craty|            moving about somewhere in the depths of the human soul, but they
 538 Craty|                 be even better still, of deriving them from some barbarous
 539 Craty|                  from which they are all descended. No inference can be drawn
 540 Craty|                the muse of Euthyphro has deserted me, or there is some very
 541 Craty|                 arisen; they are chiefly designed to bring an earlier use
 542 Craty|               the word to have been ‘the desired one coming after night,’
 543 Craty|              SOCRATES: Now then, as I am desirous that we being friends should
 544 Craty|                   zugon is duogon, quasi desis duein eis agogen—(the binding
 545 Craty|              last give up the enquiry in despair.~HERMOGENES: Very true.~
 546 Craty|            affirm!~SOCRATES: Then if you despise him, you must learn of Homer
 547 Craty|               dictionaries are not to be despised; for in teaching we need
 548 Craty|             pursuit of his vocation as a detector of false knowledge, lights
 549 Craty|               perfected. The finer sense detects the differences of them,
 550 Craty|              liquidity; gamma lambda the detention of the liquid or slippery
 551 Craty|              literary use of words. They develope rapidly in childhood, and
 552 Craty|                 birds, beasts and fishes devour one another, but of a milder
 553 Craty|                 more than in geometrical diagrams, which have often a slight
 554 Craty|                 he only is the piercing (diaionta) and burning (kaonta) element
 555 Craty|               the penetrating principle (diaiontos), need not be considered.
 556 Craty|                  Homer, and the spurious dialectic which is applied to them;
 557 Craty|               Theonoa);—using alpha as a dialectical variety for eta, and taking
 558 Craty|              skilful as rhetoricians and dialecticians, and able to put the question (
 559 Craty|                  lupe is derived apo tes dialuseos tou somatos: ania is from
 560 Craty|                   and we may imagine him dictating to us the use of this name: ‘
 561 Craty|               true. And therefore a wise dictator, like yourself, should observe
 562 Craty|                  The fact is, that great dictators of literature like yourself
 563 Craty|                young pupil. Grammars and dictionaries are not to be despised;
 564 Craty|               beforehand, as in a modern didactic treatise, the nature and
 565 Craty|            didous oinon (giver of wine), Didoinusos, as he might be called in
 566 Craty|                 traditional methods have died away. The study has passed
 567 Craty|               chremata, eita nous elthon diekosmese: the light of reason lighted
 568 Craty|               were in time parted off or differentiated. (1) The chief causes which
 569 Craty|                  of the English language differs greatly from that of either
 570 Craty|                  the point from which we digressed. You were saying, if you
 571 Craty|               which has led me into this digression, was given to justice for
 572 Craty|                expressive of good, quasi diion, that which penetrates or
 573 Craty|                exaggerating, and also of diminishing the interval which separates
 574 Craty|                the Gods too love a joke. Dionusos is simply didous oinon (
 575 Craty|                philos may be turned into Diphilos), and we may make words
 576 Craty|                  round and moving in all directions; and this appearance, which
 577 Craty|               letters. A few of them are directly imitative, as for example
 578 Craty|                 dialectician must be his director if the names are to be rightly
 579 Craty|                   and then they begin to disagree. For those who suppose all
 580 Craty|                 writers are beginning to disappear: it may also be remarked
 581 Craty|                 become disguised and has disappeared; but in no stage of language
 582 Craty|                  nation cannot be wholly discarded, for nations are made up
 583 Craty|                 opens the eyes of men to discern the similarities and differences
 584 Craty|                  of language can be best discerned in the great crises of language,
 585 Craty|                of hearing finer and more discerning; in which they lived more
 586 Craty|                 partly in earnest. He is discoursing in a high-flown vein, which
 587 Craty|               onomatopea has fallen into discredit, partly because it has been
 588 Craty|                have been more accurately discriminated; the manner in which dialects
 589 Craty|                  is, that we separate or disengage the warp from the woof.~
 590 Craty|             class of names which you are disinterring; still, as I have put on
 591 Craty|                was it due to the natural dislike which may be supposed to
 592 Craty|                many first thoughts to be dismissed, before we can proceed safely
 593 Craty|           without sounds, of the various disorders of speech; and we have the
 594 Craty|                many fallacies have to be dispelled, as well as observations
 595 Craty|                hitherto not succeeded in dispelling. We need not suppose that
 596 Craty|                The true conception of it dispels many errors, not only of
 597 Craty|              admixture and confusion and displacement and contamination of sounds
 598 Craty|                 Yet the materials at our disposal are far greater than any
 599 Craty|              which appear to be still in dispute. Is language conscious or
 600 Craty|              right, which need hardly be disputed at present. But if I can
 601 Craty|        civilisations to be in a state of dissolution; they do not easily pass
 602 Craty|            thoughts, attaining a greater distinctness and consecutiveness in speech,
 603 Craty|              wisdom and folly are really distinguishable, you will allow, I think,
 604 Craty|                  expression might not be distinguished from the idea? They were
 605 Craty|           dialectician is the definer or distinguisher of them. The latter calls
 606 Craty|               alpha and ienai); algedon (distress), if I am not mistaken,
 607 Craty|               divided into countries and districts by natural boundaries, or
 608 Craty|                 became a barbarism which disturbed the flow and equilibrium
 609 Craty|                  must always have been a disturbing element. Like great writers
 610 Craty|                 preserve the memory of a disused custom; but we cannot safely
 611 Craty|                  may be compared to the ‘dithyrambics of the Phaedrus.’ They are
 612 Craty|                 respect of his powers of divination, and his truth and sincerity,
 613 Craty|          purifications which doctors and diviners use, and their fumigations
 614 Craty|               evidence of the nature and divisions of sound; we may be truly
 615 Craty|                  and purifications which doctors and diviners use, and their
 616 Craty|              time upon ‘Cratylus and the doctrines of Heracleitus’ in the days
 617 Craty|                meaning.~SOCRATES: By the dog of Egypt I have a not bad
 618 Craty|                  part: Socrates is not a dogmatic teacher, and therefore he
 619 Craty|                  udor (water) and kunes (dogs), and many other words.~
 620 Craty|                 prevails in all the vast domain of language, there is no
 621 Craty|                 and may remark how, when domesticated, they have the power of
 622 Craty|                  the Doric form, for the Dorians call him alios, and this
 623 Craty|                 friend, in Pan being the double-formed son of Hermes.~HERMOGENES:
 624 Craty|               human mind...Lastly, it is doubted by recent philologians whether
 625 Craty|              perished wholly, or is only doubtfully recovered by the efforts
 626 Craty|                upwardness; heaviness and downwardness would be expressed by letting
 627 Craty|             things; but I fear that this dragging in of resemblance, as Hermogenes
 628 Craty|              more truly viewed:—they are dramatic sketches of an argument.
 629 Craty|            thirst are present: the whole draught may be conscious, but not
 630 Craty|                 is supposed to have some dreadful meaning, but is susceptible
 631 Craty|            Cratylus, about which I often dream, and should like to ask
 632 Craty|              Philosophers have sometimes dreamed of a technical or scientific
 633 Craty|             truth. He is guessing, he is dreaming; he has heard, as he says
 634 Craty|              consistency, fading away in dreams and more like pictures,
 635 Craty|          difficulty in understanding his drift, or his relation to the
 636 Craty|             because wine makes those who drink, think (oiesthai) that they
 637 Craty|               pronouns, like ripe fruit, dropped out of verbs,’ is a misleading
 638 Craty|               the ripe fruit of pronouns dropping from verbs’ (see above),
 639 Craty|                  word is thus made to do duty for many more things than
 640 Craty|                pause at each mouthful to dwell upon the taste of it: nor
 641 Craty|               and things, and yet hardly dwelling upon them seriously; blending
 642 Craty|               modifications of them. The earliest parts of speech, as we may
 643 Craty|                 sun is down?’ And when I earnestly beg my questioner to tell
 644 Craty|                 Nothing would seem to be easier or more trivial than a few
 645 Craty|                 survival of the fittest, easiest, most euphonic, most economical
 646 Craty|           amiability, and her smooth and easy-going way of behaving. Artemis
 647 Craty|                  he learns to walk or to eat, by a natural impulse; yet
 648 Craty|                quasi phuseche = e phusin echei or ochei?—this might easily
 649 Craty|                 revived; the sound again echoes to the sense; men find themselves
 650 Craty|             easiest, most euphonic, most economical of breath, in the case of
 651 Craty|                rejected on the ground of economy or parsimony or ease to
 652 Craty|                 food—e didousa meter tes edodes. Here is erate tis, or perhaps
 653 Craty|                been unintelligible to an educated contemporary. In the Phaedrus
 654 Craty|           another. The change in them is effected in earlier ages by musical
 655 Craty|                 in a chain of causes and effects going back to the beginning
 656 Craty|         represents the round form of the egg by the figure of the mouth:
 657 Craty|           punished like the traveller in Egina who goes about at night,
 658 Craty|             tithemi, though analogous to ego, me, either became pronouns
 659 Craty|                  SOCRATES: By the dog of Egypt I have a not bad notion
 660 Craty|                  because he rolls about (eilei) the earth, or because he
 661 Craty|               rolling in his course (aei eilein ion) about the earth; or
 662 Craty|                  tes psuches: imeros—oti eimenos pei e psuche: pothos, the
 663 Craty|        talanteias, or apo tou talantaton einai, signifying at once the
 664 Craty|                 eirein momenos, that is, eiremes or ermes—the speaker or
 665 Craty|                 you may rightly call him Eirhemes.’ And this has been improved
 666 Craty|                duogon, quasi desis duein eis agogen—(the binding of two
 667 Craty|         Anaxagoras’ omou panta chremata, eita nous elthon diekosmese:
 668 Craty|               nature (e phusin okei, kai ekei), and this may be refined
 669 Craty|                king (anax) and a holder (ektor) have nearly the same meaning,
 670 Craty|        intimation to a friend; a long or elaborate speech or composition is
 671 Craty|                between Heracleiteans and Eleatics, but no man of sense would
 672 Craty|                distinguish the powers of elementary, and then of compound sounds,
 673 Craty|        principles of philosophy could be elicited from the analysis of the
 674 Craty|            figures of speech, pleonasms, ellipses, anacolutha, pros to semainomenon,
 675 Craty|               time seem to conspire; the eloquence of the bard or chief, as
 676 Craty|                panta chremata, eita nous elthon diekosmese: the light of
 677 Craty|        pheromenon), that principle which embraces and touches and is able
 678 Craty|               the attributes of the God, embracing and in a manner signifying
 679 Craty|                 expression of feeling or emotion in no respect differing
 680 Craty|      civilization, harmonized by poetry, emphasized by literature, technically
 681 Craty|                  excuses himself for the employment of such a device, and remarks
 682 Craty|              accident. Such a conception enables us to grasp the power and
 683 Craty|                 is only the counterflux (enantia rhon): if you extract the
 684 Craty|              they could, is that the God enchains them by the strongest of
 685 Craty|             listened, and his wisdom and enchanting ravishment has not only
 686 Craty|                  and that the body is an enclosure or prison in which the soul
 687 Craty|                manner, would have vainly endeavoured to trace the process by
 688 Craty|                 6) Thus far we have been endeavouring to strip off from language
 689 Craty|                  early Greek philosophy, endeavours to show Cratylus that imitation
 690 Craty|              groups of personal and case endings are placed side by side.
 691 Craty|                  introduced the sound in endos and entos: alpha he assigned
 692 Craty|          enthusiasm has abated, Socrates ends, as he has begun, with a
 693 Craty|                  proof of that admirable endurance in him which is signified
 694 Craty|                suffering too great to be endured by the human race, in which
 695 Craty|               algeinou: odune is apo tes enduseos tes lupes: achthedon is
 696 Craty|              called from the putting on (endusis) sorrow; in achthedon (vexation) ‘
 697 Craty|           neighbours as is sufficient to enforce them. And there are many
 698 Craty|                  most of the counties of England there is still a provincial
 699 Craty|                 trained and improved and engrafted upon one another. The change
 700 Craty|               the truth to peer through; enjoying the flow of his own humour,
 701 Craty|                sister arts, preserve and enlarge the decaying instinct of
 702 Craty|            powers of the human mind were enlarged; how the inner world took
 703 Craty|               words, and generally to an enlargement of the vocabulary. It is
 704 Craty|              What was the origin of this enmity we can hardly determine:—
 705 Craty|                 mind. Nor do we deny the enormous influence which language
 706 Craty|                 as they are confused and entangled by fleshly lusts. Demeter
 707 Craty|                life of words it does not enter. The ordinary Greek grammar
 708 Craty|              fervour of his etymological enthusiasm has abated, Socrates ends,
 709 Craty|                  I, Hermogenes, being an enthusiastic disciple, have been told
 710 Craty|        introduced the sound in endos and entos: alpha he assigned to the
 711 Craty|            observation of facts, only to envelope it in a mist of words. Some
 712 Craty|             character of Socrates, Plato envelopes the whole subject in a robe
 713 Craty|                  and nonsense; sometimes enveloping in a blaze of jests the
 714 Craty|                 be supposed to have been eone, but this has been altered
 715 Craty|                motion, and the touching (epaphe) of motion is expressed
 716 Craty|                 aphaeresis of tau and an epenthesis of omicron in two places,
 717 Craty|              compare omartein, sunienai, epesthai, sumpheresthai); and much
 718 Craty|               good for anything follows (epetai) the motion of things, neither
 719 Craty|            HERMOGENES: Surely.~SOCRATES: Ephaistos is Phaistos, and has added
 720 Craty|                epsilon (not pioteme, but epiisteme). Take another example:
 721 Craty|               were just now considering. Epioteme (knowledge) is akin to this,
 722 Craty|                go along with), and, like epistasthai (to know), implies the progression
 723 Craty|                 should rather be read as epistemene, inserting epsilon nu. Sunesis (
 724 Craty|               attributed to a particular epoch, and we are apt to think
 725 Craty|                phroneseos; episteme is e epomene tois pragmasin—the faculty
 726 Craty|               function; he is merely the Eponymus of the State, who prescribes
 727 Craty|             which disturbed the flow and equilibrium of discourse; it was an
 728 Craty|               strike), thrauein (crush), ereikein (bruise), thruptein (break),
 729 Craty|            meaning. But then, why do the Eritreans call that skleroter which
 730 Craty|             momenos, that is, eiremes or ermes—the speaker or contriver
 731 Craty|               was no true son of Hermes (Ermogenes), for I am not a good hand
 732 Craty|              breath (pnoe) which creeps (erpei) through the soul: euphrosune
 733 Craty|                  and terpnon is properly erpnon, because the sensation of
 734 Craty|            breath (pnoe) and is properly erpnoun, but has been altered by
 735 Craty|              from the pleasure creeping (erpon) through the soul, which
 736 Craty|              think that many a one would escape from Hades, if he did not
 737 Craty|              most draws the soul dia ten esin tes roes— because flowing
 738 Craty|          therefore, a wise man will take especial care of first principles.
 739 Craty|               the first to marry, and he espoused his sister Tethys, who was
 740 Craty|               which he describes Oceanus espousing his sister Tethys. Tethys
 741 Craty|            called because it flows into (esrei) the soul from without:
 742 Craty|               called because flowing in (esron) from without; the stream
 743 Craty|         principle, ‘quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi.’~(
 744 Craty|                 nous) who have none. The established derivation of Aphrodite
 745 Craty|                 sought after—on ou masma estin. On and ousia are only ion
 746 Craty|                  en eauto, and etos from etazei, just as the original name
 747 Craty|           boundaries, or of a vast river eternally flowing whose origin is
 748 Craty|              merry at the expense of the etymologists. The simplicity of Hermogenes,
 749 Craty|              which he compares to sleep (eudein); but the original meaning
 750 Craty|                  the figure of sleep, to eudon; the psi is an addition.
 751 Craty|                  furious, vires acquirit eundo, remind us strongly of the
 752 Craty|              earth; or the word may be a euphemism for Hades, which is usually
 753 Craty|             pheretapha, which is only an euphonious contraction of e tou pheromenou
 754 Craty|         poreuesthai to go), and arete is euporia, which is the opposite of
 755 Craty|                   sumpheron (expedient), euporon (plenteous), the same conception
 756 Craty|                forms of them, whether in Europe or Asia. Such changes are
 757 Craty|               between ancient and modern European languages. In the child
 758 Craty|                  for an old man (compare Euthyd.), could only have arisen
 759 Craty|                expression of a wish like Eutychides (the son of good fortune),
 760 Craty|             ceased when they were on the eve of completion: they became
 761 Craty|              when he returns home in the evening. And so the cry becomes
 762 Craty|                 expressions of things or events. It was the principle of
 763 Craty|                more correctly, aeireite (ever-flowing), and may perhaps have had
 764 Craty|               who is the single one, the everdarting, the purifier, the mover
 765 Craty|                 the opposite of this—the everflowing (aei reousa or aeireite),
 766 Craty|              many names of each thing as everybody says that there are? and
 767 Craty|           liberated from the desires and evils of the body. Now there is
 768 Craty|           definite knowledge. The words ‘evolution,’ ‘birth,’ ‘law,’ development,’ ‘
 769 Craty|                  There is the fallacy of exaggerating, and also of diminishing
 770 Craty|          puzzling mankind by an ironical exaggeration of their absurdities. Such
 771 Craty|                   Too late.’ And, errors excepted, we may still affirm that
 772 Craty|              much which is accidental or exceptional in language. Some words
 773 Craty|                  of the chase, which are excited by his appearance. In the
 774 Craty|                  of discourse; it was an excrescence which had to be cut out,
 775 Craty|                sphere of grammar and are exempt from the proprieties of
 776 Craty|             greater and more natural the exercise of the power is in the use
 777 Craty|                   Many thousand times he exercises this power; like a child
 778 Craty|                  other words, are always exercising an influence over them.
 779 Craty|             human mind; nor is the force exerted by them constraining or
 780 Craty|                  within itself (en eauto exetazei)’: this is broken up into
 781 Craty|               condemns himself and other existences to an unhealthy state of
 782 Craty|                 of language of which all existent languages may be supposed
 783 Craty|                  and to-morrow I will be exorcised by some priest or sophist. ‘
 784 Craty|              reason why every man should expend his chief thought and attention
 785 Craty|                  is accompanied by great expenditure of breath; these are used
 786 Craty|              Socrates makes merry at the expense of the etymologists. The
 787 Craty|                 over us. Most of us have experienced a sort of delight and feeling
 788 Craty|                   these and other latent experiences wake up in the mind of the
 789 Craty|               might be gathered from his experiment. For he finds as many, or
 790 Craty|                 he is answered; he tries experiments with a like result, and
 791 Craty|                  instinct,’ ‘implicit,’ ‘explicit,’ and the like, have a false
 792 Craty|                  dangers to which we are exposed. (1) There is the confusion
 793 Craty|             brother of the rich Callias, expounds the doctrine that names
 794 Craty|                 of language. He does not expressively distinguish between mere
 795 Craty|             Sophist and Politicus, Plato expressly draws attention to the want
 796 Craty|                 line is not found in the extant works of Hesiod.).’~And
 797 Craty|               developed. Those who would extend the use of technical phraseology
 798 Craty|             until at length the sensuous exterior falls away, and the severance
 799 Craty|            imagined to take place in the external world. You have no doubt
 800 Craty|       counterflux (enantia rhon): if you extract the delta from andreia,
 801 Craty|                  which is either weak or extravagant. Plato is a supporter of
 802 Craty|             after him.~Between these two extremes, which have both of them
 803 Craty|              named Atreus, which, to the eye of the etymologist, is ateros (
 804 Craty|                  the ear and the greater facility to the organs of speech
 805 Craty|                 They carry with them the faded recollection of their own
 806 Craty|               clearness and consistency, fading away in dreams and more
 807 Craty|                 when this reviving power fails then the body perishes and
 808 Craty|                 will result in error and failure.~HERMOGENES: I quite agree
 809 Craty|              possible?~CRATYLUS: I would fain agree with you, Socrates;
 810 Craty|               lion’s skin, I must not be faint of heart; and I suppose
 811 Craty|              also, the better sort build fairer houses, and the worse build
 812 Craty|              philosophie une langue bien faite.’ At first, Socrates has
 813 Craty|                Of course.~SOCRATES: Your faith is not vain; for at this
 814 Craty|             stream; and the word piston (faithful) certainly indicates cessation
 815 Craty|                  he not be even speaking falsely? For there may be a doubt
 816 Craty|                  something also from the falterings of old age, the searching
 817 Craty|               one which is rare, and our familiarity with it more than compensates
 818 Craty|               case the language which is familiarly spoken may have grown up
 819 Craty|                any, in which the greater families of languages stand to each
 820 Craty|                of man. In time, when the family became a nation, the wild
 821 Craty|                 them with him in his own far-famed chains.~HERMOGENES: There
 822 Craty|                 are seen by men to reach farther down into the nature of
 823 Craty|                say to you, that the fine fashionable language of modern times
 824 Craty|                 subject, would have been fatal to the spirit of enquiry
 825 Craty|              says of them—~‘But now that fate has closed over this race
 826 Craty|              might be given, which would favour a theory of rest rather
 827 Craty|               the unity of his work, not fearing any ‘judge, or spectator,
 828 Craty|               curious and characteristic features of language, affecting both
 829 Craty|        relaxation (luein) which the body feels when in sorrow; ania (trouble)
 830 Craty|                mere synonym for it,—e.g. felicity and happiness. The cultivated
 831 Craty|                 use of the masculine and feminine gender to objects of sense
 832 Craty|              Compare Phaedrus.)~When the fervour of his etymological enthusiasm
 833 Craty|                 repeat themselves by the fewness of their words, also escapes
 834 Craty|               among words is not of that fierce and irresistible kind in
 835 Craty|                express the brutality and fierceness and mountain wildness of
 836 Craty|              ideas of it which prevailed fifty years ago; partly also because
 837 Craty|                more troublesome than the figments of grammar, because they
 838 Craty|                different and distinct. A figurative use of a word may easily
 839 Craty|             worked a miracle in order to fill up a lacuna in human knowledge. (
 840 Craty|               that which is strained and filtered (diattomenon, ethoumenon)
 841 Craty|                dialogue? And what is the final result of the enquiry? Is
 842 Craty|                  or whether they are now finally fixed and have received
 843 Craty|                  to say to you, that the fine fashionable language of
 844 Craty|              movement of the eyes, nose, fingers, hands, feet which contributes
 845 Craty|                superhuman power work and finish the investigation of names—
 846 Craty|               cause and effect or of the finite and infinite or of the same
 847 Craty|                  which birds, beasts and fishes devour one another, but
 848 Craty|                 as truth, he may be most fitly called Aplos, from aplous (
 849 Craty|                  that which is naturally fitted to act as a shuttle?~HERMOGENES:
 850 Craty|               always reappearing when we fix our thoughts. And speech
 851 Craty|                 may attain permanence or fixity. First, it may have been
 852 Craty|              garments, thin or thick, of flaxen, woollen, or other material,
 853 Craty|                  is when he has to paint flesh colour or anything of that
 854 Craty|                confused and entangled by fleshly lusts. Demeter is the mother
 855 Craty|                order of words gives more flexibility and also a kind of dignity
 856 Craty|               organs of speech were more flexible, and the sense of hearing
 857 Craty|                  them, occur among these flights of humour.~We can imagine
 858 Craty|                attention and we must not flinch. For we should remember,
 859 Craty|             better. The world before the flood, that is to say, the world
 860 Craty|                 us, or influenced by us, fluctuating according to our fancy,
 861 Craty|               the very expression of the fluency and diffusion of the soul (
 862 Craty|                  alive, half solid, half fluid; the breath of a moment,
 863 Craty|               virtue, but while they are flustered and maddened by the body,
 864 Craty|               before supposed of a horse foaling a calf.~HERMOGENES: Quite
 865 Craty|                of Aphrodite, born of the foam (aphros), may be fairly
 866 Craty|               ten, twenty or one hundred fold by the invention of printing.~
 867 Craty|                  to the swimming in some folks’ heads. On the other hand,
 868 Craty|                  parodying the ingenious follies of early logic; in the Cratylus
 869 Craty|           appeared, and rhythm and metre followed. Each stage in the progress
 870 Craty|          disciple of the Sophist and the follower of Heracleitus are found
 871 Craty|               the other hand, wisdom and folly are really distinguishable,
 872 Craty|               things. Men in general are foolishly afraid of him, and talk
 873 Craty|                of the human mind and the forces and influences by which
 874 Craty|                mountain river’ is always forcing its way out. We may witness
 875 Craty|                 he had no forethought or foresight of all the evil which the
 876 Craty|              SOCRATES: The word seems to forestall his recent discovery, that
 877 Craty|                 the tradition, he had no forethought or foresight of all the
 878 Craty|               them with one another, the forgetfulness of proper names (more commonly
 879 Craty|           falsehood) and on (being), not forgetting to enquire why the word
 880 Craty|                  because she is ready to forgive and forget (lethe). Artemis
 881 Craty|                  the task ‘of a not very fortunate individual, who had a great
 882 Craty|                  about the river God who fought with Hephaestus, ‘whom the
 883 Craty|                 on Heracleitean fancies, fourfold interpretations of words,
 884 Craty|                other Heracleitean of the fourth century B.C., on the nature
 885 Craty|            language only begins when the frame-work is complete. The savage
 886 Craty|                 must have a meaning. The framers of language were aware of
 887 Craty|              similar movement of our own frames. The body can only express
 888 Craty|                  there any better way of framing representations than by
 889 Craty|               the Mental sciences, if we frankly recognize that, like all
 890 Craty|                 exception or accident or free-will, which cannot be eliminated.~
 891 Craty|             uniformly when there is such frequency of intercourse among neighbours
 892 Craty|                knowledge; they receive a fresh impress from individual
 893 Craty|                winters and winds and the fruits of the earth. The words
 894 Craty|                  individuals attain to a fuller consciousness of themselves.~
 895 Craty|          confined to languages which are fully developed. They are of several
 896 Craty|                   thunder), in which the fulness of the sound of the word
 897 Craty|                  diviners use, and their fumigations with drugs magical or medicinal,
 898 Craty|             performing any extraordinary function; he is merely the Eponymus
 899 Craty|                  which the fun, fast and furious, vires acquirit eundo, remind
 900 Craty|               link between them was also furnished by proverbs. We may trace
 901 Craty|               The latter are regarded as furnishing a type of excellence to
 902 Craty|                  the parts of a piece of furniture, language becomes unpoetical,
 903 Craty|             pushed our researches to the furthest point, in language as in
 904 Craty|                  is called from cherdos (gain), but you must alter the
 905 Craty|             leaping). Pray observe how I gallop away when I get on smooth
 906 Craty|                   for the manufacture of garments, thin or thick, of flaxen,
 907 Craty|              rule and method, which they gather from analysis and observation.~(
 908 Craty|                Homer (Od.) gegaasi means gegennesthai.~HERMOGENES: Good.~SOCRATES:
 909 Craty|                  loss of inflections and genders they lack some power or
 910 Craty|                  mere possibilities, and generalities, and modes of conception
 911 Craty|                 making these and similar generalizations we may note also dangers
 912 Craty|                well as too few; and they generalize the objects or ideas which
 913 Craty|                  became pronouns or were generated out of pronouns. To say
 914 Craty|               and that all the preceding generations survive (after a manner)
 915 Craty|             Aphrodite dia ten tou athrou genesin may be accepted on the authority
 916 Craty|                  effect. Socrates in his genial and ironical mood hits right
 917 Craty|                 said, to interrogate him gently: ‘Well, my excellent friend,’
 918 Craty|              with space, arithmetic with geometry. Not only in musical notes,
 919 Craty|          explained, oti airei ta apo tes ges; or, oti aei rei; or, oti
 920 Craty|            assisted or half expressed by gesticulation. A sound or word is not
 921 Craty|                look and behaviour, whose gesticulations and other peculiarities
 922 Craty|                some more probable notion gets into your head.~SOCRATES:
 923 Craty|             language. For like the other gifts which nature has bestowed
 924 Craty|               nomesis; noesis is neou or gignomenon esis; the word neos implies
 925 Craty|                  or, oti pneuma ex autou ginetai (compare the poetic word
 926 Craty|                  and countries,—like the glacier, too, containing within
 927 Craty|           glutinous clammy nature, as in glischros, glukus, gloiodes. The nu
 928 Craty|                 as in glischros, glukus, gloiodes. The nu he observed to be
 929 Craty|                    in the word kollodes (gluey), and the like: the heavier
 930 Craty|                 nature, as in glischros, glukus, gloiodes. The nu he observed
 931 Craty|                  rightly called aipolos (goat-herd), he being the two-formed
 932 Craty|                upper part, and rough and goatlike in his lower regions. And,
 933 Craty|              people may imitate sheep or goats without naming them. What,
 934 Craty|               more God; tell me about my godfather Hermes.’ He is ermeneus,
 935 Craty|                not men literally made of gold, but good and noble; and
 936 Craty|                with pheresthai; gnome is gones skepsis kai nomesis; noesis
 937 Craty|                  sophistry attributed to Gorgias, which reappears in the
 938 Craty|           suspect to be the same word as goun (birth): thelu (female)
 939 Craty|                  fixed ideas, have often governed the world. But in such representations
 940 Craty|               them is like the law which governs the circulation of the blood,
 941 Craty|                no doubt lends a nameless grace to style which we have a
 942 Craty|                  say in prayers, ‘May he graciously receive any name by which
 943 Craty|                 another by imperceptible gradation. But in both cases the newly-created
 944 Craty|              spelt correctly and written grammatically.~(9) Proceeding further
 945 Craty|              enable us to appreciate the grand difference between ancient
 946 Craty|                so willing (ethelemon) to grant our requests; or her name
 947 Craty|           Socrates; and therefore I say, Granted.~SOCRATES: That is very
 948 Craty|           dialogue stand to the serious? Granting all that can be said about
 949 Craty|                see whether the namer has grasped the nature of them in letters
 950 Craty|                 Yes.~SOCRATES: That is a graver matter, and there, my friend,
 951 Craty|               aleinos (grievous); odune (grief) is called from the putting
 952 Craty|                 is derived from aleinos (grievous); odune (grief) is called
 953 Craty|                 of in the Sophist. These grounds are not sufficient to enable
 954 Craty|                 why in some members of a group of languages b becomes p,
 955 Craty|                  to light the plants and growths of the earth in their turn,
 956 Craty|             kaonta) element which is the guardian of nature. And when I joyfully
 957 Craty|            Beneficent, averters of ills, guardians of mortal men.’ (Hesiod,
 958 Craty|         structure to be the safe or only guide to the affinities of them.
 959 Craty|               writer like Thucydides are guilty of taking unwarrantable
 960 Craty|            association of the nature and habits of the animal is more distinctly
 961 Craty|            impatient of hearing from the half-converted Cratylus the doctrine that
 962 Craty|              going badly, or limping and halting; of which the consequence
 963 Craty|                  were Sterne, Jean Paul, Hamann,— writers who sometimes
 964 Craty|                   signifying at once the hanging of the stone over his head
 965 Craty|             misfortunes are said to have happened to him in his life—last
 966 Craty|                  that every wise man who happens to be a good man is more
 967 Craty|               appears to me, the good is happily denominated lusiteloun—being
 968 Craty|                for it,—e.g. felicity and happiness. The cultivated mind desires
 969 Craty|               which is said to hinder or harm (blaptein) the stream (roun);
 970 Craty|                 take the words blaberon (harmful), zemiodes (hurtful).~HERMOGENES:
 971 Craty|                  every other. One letter harmonizes with another; every verb
 972 Craty|                like those of Hermogenes, hastily taken up, but are said to
 973 Craty|              arete), and perhaps also as hating intercourse of the sexes (
 974 Craty|                  destructive power still haunts the minds of some who do
 975 Craty|          physician, as Iatrocles (famous healer) and Acesimbrotus (curer
 976 Craty|               one at a distance not only hears the sound, but apprehends
 977 Craty|                 both his musical and his heavenly attributes; for there is
 978 Craty|           legislator was thinking of the heavens, and may be only a disguise
 979 Craty|                anything that he is told, heightens the effect. Socrates in
 980 Craty|                legislator, whether he be Hellene or barbarian, is not therefore
 981 Craty|                  that they require to be helped out by convention. But still
 982 Craty|                sun. The Doric form elios helps us to see that he is so
 983 Craty|                  than the conjectures of Hemsterhuis, and other critics of the
 984 Craty|               expression to all mankind. Henceforward prose and poetry formed
 985 Craty|             speculation to oppose to the Heracleiteanism of Cratylus.~The theory
 986 Craty|              moved all together,’ like a herd of wild animals, ‘when they
 987 Craty|              Again, when we speak of the hereditary or paternity of a language,
 988      | herein
 989 Craty|              Jesuit, Puritan, Methodist, Heretic, has been often converted
 990 Craty|                same surprising manner as heretofore; or that even if our materials
 991 Craty|                 see better that the name heros is only a slight alteration
 992 Craty|                out; and therefore do not hesitate to say what you think, which
 993 Craty|              secret place in which he is hiding himself; he remembers and
 994 Craty|                   He is discoursing in a high-flown vein, which may be compared
 995 Craty|                 wants of man, but of his highest thoughts; so various are
 996 Craty|                 is that which is said to hinder or harm (blaptein) the stream (
 997 Craty|                aeischoroun to that which hindered the flux (aei ischon roun),
 998 Craty|      nevertheless, the chain (desmos) or hinderer of motion, and therefore
 999 Craty|                 injustice, which clearly hinders the principle of penetration;
1000 Craty|                  which interpreters have hitherto not succeeded in dispelling.
1001 Craty|                 genial and ironical mood hits right and left at his adversaries: