Dialogue

1502 Craty|             meanings of words or by the ‘persistence and survival of the fittest’
1503 Craty|               too may be allowed to ‘the persistency of the strongest,’ to ‘the
1504 Craty|              imperfect system; groups of personal and case endings are placed
1505 Craty|               sides of the argument were personified in the different speakers;
1506 Craty|               any other aim than that of personifying, in the characters of Hermogenes,
1507 Craty|                 not by force, but by the persuasion, or rather by the prevailing
1508 Craty|                may be supposed to be the perversion. But we must not conceive
1509 Craty|             compare Phaedrus and Lysias; Phaedr.) and expresses his intention
1510 Craty|                   SOCRATES: Ephaistos is Phaistos, and has added the eta by
1511 Craty|                accordance with the later phase of the philosophy of Plato,
1512 Craty|                   become dizzy; and this phenomenon, which was really in themselves,
1513 Craty|                 truly called Pherepaphe (Pherepapha), or some name like it,
1514 Craty|              Goddess may be truly called Pherepaphe (Pherepapha), or some name
1515 Craty|        Pherephatta, that word of awe, is pheretapha, which is only an euphonious
1516 Craty|          euphonious contraction of e tou pheromenou ephaptomene,—all things
1517 Craty|                go changing the name into Phersephone, and they are terrified
1518 Craty|              ought properly to be phigx, phiggos, and there are other examples.~
1519 Craty|               which ought properly to be phigx, phiggos, and there are
1520 Craty|                natural to the scientific philologist. For he, like the metaphysician,
1521 Craty|                And a Darwinian school of philologists has sprung up, who are sometimes
1522 Craty|               language is not truth, or ‘philosophie une langue bien faite.’
1523 Craty|                 is the separation of the phonetic from the mental element
1524 Craty|                the organs of speech. The phonograph affords a visible evidence
1525 Craty|             words selas (brightness) and phos (light) have much the same
1526 Craty|              extend the use of technical phraseology beyond the limits of science
1527 Craty|            striking examples of words or phrases which have this quality.
1528 Craty|           neoesis; sophrosune is soteria phroneseos; episteme is e epomene tois
1529 Craty|                 udor n kuon, is found in Phrygian, is a foreign word; for
1530 Craty|                 wants to imitate what is phusodes (windy). He seems to have
1531 Craty|         HERMOGENES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Physic does the work of a physician,
1532 Craty|         psychological, or historical, or physiological point of view, the materials
1533 Craty|                 together we must take to pieces in like manner, if we are
1534 Craty|                   SOCRATES: And when the piercer uses the awl, whose work
1535 Craty|              superintends all things and pierces (diaion) all, is rightly
1536 Craty|                  and that he only is the piercing (diaionta) and burning (
1537 Craty|                at all, if there were not pigments in nature which resembled
1538 Craty|                Aeschylus or Sophocles or Pindar or a great prose writer
1539 Craty|               instead of an epsilon (not pioteme, but epiisteme). Take another
1540 Craty|            personal and case endings are placed side by side. The fertility
1541 Craty|                shall not be far wrong in placing the Cratylus about the middle,
1542 Craty|                bursting into life like a plant or a flower, they are also
1543 Craty|            conversation. ‘Words are more plastic than wax’ (Rep.), and may
1544 Craty|           Apology and Symposium, not yet Platonized; and he describes, as in
1545 Craty|          sumpheron (expedient), euporon (plenteous), the same conception is
1546 Craty|                   Its figures of speech, pleonasms, ellipses, anacolutha, pros
1547 Craty|          childhood, while the organs are pliable, the intelligence is wanting,
1548 Craty|             quaedum mediocria, sunt mala plura. Most of them are ridiculously
1549 Craty|                 or, oti aei rei; or, oti pneuma ex autou ginetai (compare
1550 Craty|                  the sense of wind-flux (pneumatorroun); and because this moving
1551 Craty|               autou ginetai (compare the poetic word aetai). So aither quasi
1552 Craty|                  he variegates (aiolei = poikillei) the earth. Selene is an
1553 Craty|               the meaning is the same as poikillein (to variegate), because
1554 Craty|                   To poetry the form and polish of language is chiefly to
1555 Craty|              Here, as in the Sophist and Politicus, Plato expressly draws attention
1556 Craty|                 may have been originally polleidon, meaning, that the God knew
1557 Craty|                  tou mekous, which means polu, and anein, I shall be at
1558 Craty|           nomesis) of generation, for to ponder is the same as to consider;
1559 Craty|             again, certainly implies the ponderation or consideration (nomesis)
1560 Craty|                 meaning just the motion (pora) of the soul accompanying
1561 Craty|               SOCRATES: I am by no means positive, Cratylus, in the view which
1562 Craty|                and is termed imeros from possessing this power; pothos (longing)
1563 Craty|                the other is ‘a holder or possessor.’ For as the lion’s whelp
1564 Craty|                 ideas with facts—of mere possibilities, and generalities, and modes
1565 Craty|                often slept in the ear of posterity. Two causes may be assigned
1566 Craty|             causes still in action, some powerful and sudden, others working
1567 Craty|           Science. And it is not without practical and political importance.
1568 Craty|           correct; and he appeals to the practice of different nations, and
1569 Craty|        stagnation. Kalon is to kaloun ta pragmata—this is mind (nous or dianoia);
1570 Craty|                  from Euthyphro, and his prancing steeds, the light admixture
1571 Craty|                 pros ten onrsin teinousa praxis—the delta is an insertion:
1572 Craty|                 and allesthai (leaping). Pray observe how I gallop away
1573 Craty|                  the primary names which precede analysis show the natures
1574 Craty|               the fact that the sentence precedes the word and that all language
1575 Craty|             hearts of nations or are the precious stones and jewels of great
1576 Craty|                  relation of subject and predicate. Grammar and logic were
1577 Craty|                ability, saying by way of preface, as I said before of the
1578 Craty|              modified them by the use of prefixes, suffixes, infixes; by the
1579 Craty|         imitation in all this that he is preparing the way for the construction
1580 Craty|                 own essence the relation prescribed by nature.~HERMOGENES: I
1581 Craty|               Eponymus of the State, who prescribes rules for the dialectician
1582 Craty|           declare. And he is the God who presides over harmony, and makes
1583 Craty|             nature or convention? In the presocratic philosophy mankind had been
1584 Craty|                 acknowledges, when he is pressed by Socrates, that there
1585 Craty|                  lack of liars. Cratylus presses him with the old sophistical
1586 Craty|             thought that the closing and pressure of the tongue in the utterance
1587 Craty|          enquiring about them; we do not presume that we are able to do so;
1588 Craty|               beforehand that we are not presuming to enquire about them, but
1589 Craty|            hearer or reader, they may be presupposed; there is no need to allude
1590 Craty|                  covertly satirising the pretence of that or any other age
1591 Craty|                  committing impiety, the pretended derivation of his wisdom
1592 Craty|            ancestors of the Gods, agreed pretty much in the doctrine of
1593 Craty|               and sometimes another will prevail. In Greek there are three
1594 Craty|            superficial ideas of it which prevailed fifty years ago; partly
1595 Craty|                this principle of analogy prevails in all the vast domain of
1596 Craty|                 a fallacy which is still prevalent among theorizers about the
1597 Craty|                  aei ischon roes (always preventing from flowing), and this
1598 Craty|            expressive of rest, as he had previously found expressive of motion.
1599 Craty|                 accuracy, so that to the priests or rhapsodists of a nation
1600 Craty|               SOCRATES: Speak you of the princely lord of light (Phaeos istora)?~
1601 Craty|              point at which nearly every printed book is spelt correctly
1602 Craty|                  body is an enclosure or prison in which the soul is incarcerated,
1603 Craty|               the laws of moderation and probability.~HERMOGENES: Such is my
1604 Craty|                 remains inviolable. That problem is indissolubly bound up
1605 Craty|                with the other Gods, they proceeded to apply the same name to
1606 Craty|                course of nature, and are prodigies? for example, when a good
1607 Craty|                  the course of nature, a prodigy occurs, and the offspring
1608 Craty|               king. But if the horse had produced a calf, then that would
1609 Craty|           generally that language is the product of intelligence, and that
1610 Craty|                because he variegates the productions of the earth.~HERMOGENES:
1611 Craty|                  consistent with his own profession of ignorance. Hence his
1612 Craty|                primary. Clearly then the professor of languages should be able
1613 Craty|                 perhaps because she is a proficient in virtue (arete), and perhaps
1614 Craty|                which it can no longer be profitably studied. But at any rate
1615 Craty|                  of trees, is an endless profusion and variety. The laws of
1616 Craty|       epistasthai (to know), implies the progression of the soul in company with
1617 Craty|                 nor the truth wholly the property of any. And in the Cratylus
1618 Craty|                 four of them,—music, and prophecy, and medicine, and archery.~
1619 Craty|             Socrates, to be quite like a prophet newly inspired, and to be
1620 Craty|               true are those by which we propitiate them, as men say in prayers, ‘
1621 Craty|                  of the mark, or aim, or proposal, or object.~HERMOGENES:
1622 Craty|                 that I knew nothing, and proposing to share the enquiry with
1623 Craty|                  have justified Plato in propounding real derivations. Like his
1624 Craty|                  and are exempt from the proprieties of language. Every one knows
1625 Craty|               the great Euthyphro of the Prospaltian deme, who gave me a long
1626 Craty|               century; but this does not prove that they are serious. For
1627 Craty|            proposition been sufficiently proven?~CRATYLUS: Yes, Socrates,
1628 Craty|               them was also furnished by proverbs. We may trace in poetry
1629 Craty|           creature convention in the end proves too much for all the rest:
1630 Craty|                 England there is still a provincial style, which has been sometimes
1631 Craty|            gathered from nicknames, from provincialisms, from the slang of great
1632 Craty|             proceed then, in the hope of proving to you my originality. Andreia
1633 Craty|               that can be said about the provoking irony of Socrates, about
1634 Craty|             imitation of such notions as psuchron (shivering), xeon (seething),
1635 Craty|                 regard language from the psychological, or historical, or physiological
1636 Craty|                  by a rational theory of psychology. (See introductions to the
1637 Craty|                  mouth into a flute, and puffing away at some prelude to
1638 Craty|              strike), thruptein (break), pumbein (whirl),—in all which words
1639 Craty|                the soul is suffering the punishment of sin, and that the body
1640 Craty|            ordinary reader or to a young pupil. Grammars and dictionaries
1641 Craty|             conjure him away, and make a purgation of him, if we can only find
1642 Craty|                  In the first place, the purgations and purifications which
1643 Craty|                 which ‘to-morrow he will purge away,’ are truly humorous.
1644 Craty|             First, he is the purifier or purger or absolver (apolouon);
1645 Craty|               will go to a priest and be purified, we easily see that his
1646 Craty|                  a word, such as Jesuit, Puritan, Methodist, Heretic, has
1647 Craty|                  anything sometimes uses purple only, or any other colour,
1648 Craty|                 of it. And when, for the purposes of comparison, we form into
1649 Craty|               under which they are to be pursued, but, as in the Timaeus,
1650 Craty|            reason. New meanings of words push themselves into the vacant
1651 Craty|              sciences. For after we have pushed our researches to the furthest
1652 Craty|                teacher, and therefore he puts on this wild and fanciful
1653 Craty|              flow of his own humour, and puzzling mankind by an ironical exaggeration
1654 Craty|                 earnest?—Sunt bona, sunt quaedum mediocria, sunt mala plura.
1655 Craty|               not apply to that which is qualitative or to anything which is
1656 Craty|                 names are of this purely quantitative nature. Suppose that there
1657 Craty|             syllables, letters, accents, quantities, rhythms, rhymes, varieties
1658 Craty|              another, and at length they quarrel. For one of them says that
1659 Craty|                  no use, Socrates, in my quarrelling with you, since I cannot
1660 Craty|                is the ruling principle, ‘quem penes arbitrium est, et
1661 Craty|             drops of water with which we quench our thirst are present:
1662 Craty|               out to be rhetoricians and questioners. All this is easy enough;
1663 Craty|              object.~HERMOGENES: You are quickening your pace now, Socrates.~
1664 Craty|              have been slower with some, quicker with others. Some tribes
1665 Craty|                   the power of idiom and quotation; (5) the relativeness of
1666 Craty|                 expression in the letter R, because, as I imagine,
1667 Craty|               Such were Aristophanes and Rabelais; such, in a different style,
1668 Craty|                 because the teat is like rain, and makes things flourish (
1669 Craty|                 outward. Neither need we raise the question whether the
1670 Craty|           explained as the element which raises (airei) things from the
1671 Craty|             framed, and may have quickly ran through a whole language.
1672 Craty|        originality, this dialogue may be ranked with the best of the Platonic
1673 Craty|              letter rho is expressive of rapidity, motion, and hardness? Were
1674 Craty|                  to us than one which is rare, and our familiarity with
1675 Craty|                   by the condensation or rarefaction of consonants. But who gave
1676 Craty|                 and endeavour to see the rationale of kalon and aischron.~SOCRATES:
1677 Craty|               iousa, the passage through ravines which impede motion: aletheia
1678 Craty|                his wisdom and enchanting ravishment has not only filled my ears
1679 Craty|                common language sometimes reacts upon the dialects and imparts
1680 Craty|                delight to the hearers or readers of them than the Poems themselves,
1681 Craty|                  in this as in the other realms of nature.~These are some
1682 Craty|         expressions cannot be allowed to reappear, if at all, except at the
1683 Craty|             attributed to Gorgias, which reappears in the Sophist. And he proceeds
1684 Craty|             judge, or spectator, who may recall him to the point’ (Theat.), ‘
1685 Craty|                 discovery, that the moon receives her light from the sun.~
1686 Craty|              part of nature to be a mere receptacle; and they say that there
1687 Craty|               prose. We observe also the reciprocal influence of sounds and
1688 Craty|                notions about names to be reckless and ridiculous. Having explained
1689 Craty|                do you think that you can reckon the time which has elapsed
1690 Craty|             illusions of language may be reckoned many of the rules and traditions
1691 Craty|                sound the etymologist may recognise the same notion, just as
1692 Craty|                with more definite sounds recognized by custom as the expressions
1693 Craty|          antiquity may often prevent our recognizing words, after all the complications
1694 Craty|                 termination. But we must recollect that he was necessarily
1695 Craty|                carry with them the faded recollection of their own past history;
1696 Craty|                the nature of language by reconstructing them. (3) There is the danger
1697 Craty|               nothing, except that he is recorded by Aristotle to have been
1698 Craty|            wholly, or is only doubtfully recovered by the efforts of modern
1699 Craty|             modern times was a favourite recreation; and Socrates makes merry
1700 Craty|          conjunctions may or rather must recur in successive lines. It
1701 Craty|                  usage: grammar tries to reduce them to a single one. Grammar
1702 Craty|           English or French will ever be reduced to the low level of Modern
1703 Craty|           conception of language: for it reduces to a system that which is
1704 Craty|                 Thus did the legislator, reducing all things into letters
1705 Craty|                 all. But to what are you referring?~SOCRATES: Do you not know
1706 Craty|           thought to be the reviving, or refreshing, or animating principle—
1707 Craty|                 in my perplexity to take refuge with Protagoras; not that
1708 Craty|                  if you wish, I will not refuse.~HERMOGENES: You will oblige
1709 Craty|               names: will you answer me? Regarding the name as an instrument,
1710 Craty|           although to the physician, who regards the power of them, they
1711 Craty|                 it has passed out of the region of guesses and hypotheses,
1712 Craty|                and goatlike in his lower regions. And, as the son of Hermes,
1713 Craty|                   The chief causes which regulate the variations of sound
1714 Craty|       supernatural origin. The law which regulates them is like the law which
1715 Craty|                  revealed to us, and the reign of law becomes apparent.
1716 Craty|             example, in the actual words rein and roe he represents motion
1717 Craty|                out of use is selected or rejected on the ground of economy
1718 Craty|               the speaker and the hearer rejoice together in their newly-discovered
1719 Craty|              object, of the notional and relational, of the root or unchanging
1720 Craty|             idiom and quotation; (5) the relativeness of words to one another.~
1721 Craty|           appears to be derived from the relaxation (luein) which the body feels
1722 Craty|             which he seems so greatly to relish? Or is he serious in part
1723 Craty|                  seen by us, and is with reluctance admitted to be a fact.~Language
1724 Craty|                   he may have forced the remainder into agreement with the
1725 Craty|                keeping with the rest. It remained for the most part only as
1726 Craty|                 and superfluity. But the remedial measures by which both are
1727 Craty|                 he is hiding himself; he remembers and repeats the sound which
1728 Craty|                 to me at the moment, and reminds me of what I was going to
1729 Craty|                  such notions were but a remnant of the past which has survived
1730 Craty|            entail upon his whole race in remote ages; he saw only what was
1731 Craty|               are found to be not so far removed from one another as at first
1732 Craty|               form of a word in order to render it more expressive of the
1733 Craty|                  of being lost and being renewed, just as the picture is
1734 Craty|                  there is a principle of renovation as well as of decay which
1735 Craty|                this—the everflowing (aei reousa or aeireite), or the eligible,
1736 Craty|               does the carpenter make or repair the shuttle, and to what
1737 Craty|                 of constraint and forced repose, which is expressed under
1738 Craty|                alterations have now been reprinted. During the interval the
1739 Craty|           organism which is always being reproduced. They are refined by civilization,
1740 Craty|                   2nd, the difficulty of reproducing a state of life and literature
1741 Craty|                  should I be, if, whilst repudiating Protagoras and his truth (‘
1742 Craty|                  not see that ‘habit and repute,’ and their relation to
1743 Craty|                  here interposes his own request, that Cratylus will give
1744 Craty|                  ethelemon) to grant our requests; or her name may be Letho,
1745 Craty|                  speaker and the hearer, requiring in man a faculty not only
1746 Craty|                 no abstract language ‘in rerum natura,’ any more than there
1747 Craty|                 after we have pushed our researches to the furthest point, in
1748 Craty|                the manner in which their resemblances have arisen—they were not
1749 Craty|                  the offspring no longer resembles the parent, then the names
1750 Craty|                 that you will find names resembling every individual number,
1751 Craty|              will; but the necessary and resistant being contrary to our will,
1752 Craty|                the accomplishment of his resolves, and by his virtue crowns
1753 Craty|                 barbarians, and I always resort to this theory of a foreign
1754 Craty|         following him, utter a cry which resounds through the forest. The
1755 Craty|               ancient, are in many other respects superior to them: the thought
1756 Craty|                   the speaker met with a response from the hearer, and the
1757 Craty|             homes and but slowly found a resting-place. Language would be the greatest
1758 Craty|              plain.~SOCRATES: Not if you restore the ancient form, which
1759 Craty|                which is praised, and the restraining and binding principle which
1760 Craty|        HERMOGENES: You bring out curious results, Socrates, in the use of
1761 Craty|               that which pays (luei) the retailer, but they use the word in
1762 Craty|                 in the same sound though retaining their differences of meaning?
1763 Craty|                  ienai (to go), schesis (retention), about which you were asking;
1764 Craty|               the two is overpowered and retires from the field. They attain
1765 Craty|              hardness? ‘Why, Socrates, I retort upon you, that we put in
1766 Craty|               therefore I ought often to retrace my steps and endeavour to ‘
1767 Craty|                must also be like things. Returning to the image of the picture,
1768 Craty|                 scene over again when he returns home in the evening. And
1769 Craty|                 the subject is gradually revealed to us, and the reign of
1770 Craty|                their meaning is the very reverse of their etymology. Because
1771 Craty|                  relation of the two was reversed: the poems which had once
1772 Craty|                 turn, and passes them in review within itself (en eauto
1773 Craty|                  means that his power of reviewing from within is one, but
1774 Craty|                  the power of breath and revival (anapsuchon), and when this
1775 Craty|             beginning to be lost, is now revived; the sound again echoes
1776 Craty|                truly. For the sun in his revolution always adds new light, and
1777 Craty|                so that to the priests or rhapsodists of a nation the whole or
1778 Craty|                the word air (aer = aetes rheo). Aither (aether) I should
1779 Craty|                 education in grammar and rhetoric; the double explanation
1780 Craty|                  art of the namer or the rhetorician, or by some other art. Not
1781 Craty|                  a tribe of sophists and rhetors. But can you tell me why
1782 Craty|             which may signify phoras kai rhou noesis (perception of motion
1783 Craty|            accents, quantities, rhythms, rhymes, varieties and contrasts
1784 Craty|             psuche and selene. Again, he ridicules the arbitrary methods of
1785 Craty|             logic; in the Cratylus he is ridiculing the fancies of a new school
1786 Craty|                  plura. Most of them are ridiculously bad, and yet among them
1787 Craty|              field. They attain the full rights and dignity of language
1788 Craty|                and conquest were running riot over whole continents, times
1789 Craty|             given to him because when he rises he gathers (alizoi) men
1790 Craty|                  as a chant or part of a ritual, but they have had no relation
1791 Craty|                Sous, or Rush; agathon is ro agaston en te tachuteti,—
1792 Craty|                 can be referred.~Another road through this chaos is provided
1793 Craty|                  to express a rushing or roaring, or of omicron to express
1794 Craty|                   is imitation. The lion roars, the wolf howls in the solitude
1795 Craty|         envelopes the whole subject in a robe of fancy, and allows his
1796 Craty|             which deposits debris of the rocks over which it passes. There
1797 Craty|                  or because he is always rolling in his course (aei eilein
1798 Craty|                  together, or because he rolls about (eilei) the earth,
1799 Craty|              charm of novelty. The prose romances into which the Homeric Poems
1800 Craty|          condition to consider the names ron (stream), ienai (to go),
1801 Craty|                 they were expressed were rough-hewn at first; after a while
1802 Craty|              desire) denotes the stream (rous) which most draws the soul
1803 Craty|                   though we are commonly roused to attention by the misuse
1804 Craty|           language, in which Adam Smith, Rousseau, and other writers of the
1805 Craty|               are taken out of the first rude agglomeration of sounds
1806 Craty|                 understood, is the first rudiment of human speech.~After a
1807 Craty|                  They learnt of course a rudimentary, half-articulate language,
1808 Craty|             Speech before language was a rudis indigestaque materies, not
1809 Craty|              last of all, came the utter ruin of his country; and after
1810 Craty|                   kermatixein (crumble), rumbein (whirl): of all these sorts
1811 Craty|                 they were called Gods or runners (Theous, Theontas); and
1812 Craty|                  use the word esuthe (he rushed); and there was a famous
1813 Craty|                  is in him the smooth or sacred form which dwells above
1814 Craty|                For example: If a person, saluting you in a foreign country,
1815 Craty|               The word sophrosune is the salvation (soteria) of that wisdom (
1816 Craty|              which are like, if they are sanctioned by custom and convention.
1817 Craty|                 gradually developed into Sanscrit and Greek. They hardly enable
1818 Craty|                 literature, certainly in Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, we are not
1819 Craty|              blood, or the rising of the sap in trees; the action of
1820 Craty|                  the author. Plato wrote satires in the form of dialogues,
1821 Craty|             language. But he is covertly satirising the pretence of that or
1822 Craty|               language, Socrates is also satirizing the endless fertility of
1823 Craty|                answered, and they try to satisfy me with one derivation after
1824 Craty|               city’), because his father saved the city. The names Astyanax
1825 Craty|                city which his father was saving, as Homer observes.~HERMOGENES:
1826 Craty|                 pure and garnished mind (sc. apo tou chorein). He, as
1827 Craty|                  elements of the musical scale, are few and simple, though
1828 Craty|                philosophical remarks are scattered up and down, admitting of
1829 Craty|               absent; the others act the scene over again when he returns
1830 Craty|                  stream), ienai (to go), schesis (retention), about which
1831 Craty|                   Some philologers, like Schleicher, have been greatly influenced
1832 Craty|                of language that the real scholar is indisposed to touch the
1833 Craty|            writings, and still less from Scholiasts and Neoplatonist writers.
1834 Craty|       necessarily more ignorant than any schoolboy of Greek grammar, and had
1835 Craty|                word. Still less, even in schools and academies, do we ever
1836 Craty|          Hermogenes and himself are mere sciolists, but Cratylus has reflected
1837 Craty|                 of his time; or slightly scoffs at contemporary religious
1838 Craty|           because you cannot walk on the sea—the epsilon is inserted
1839 Craty|               falterings of old age, the searching for words, and the confusion
1840 Craty|                 better learn from him at second-hand. ‘Well, but I have just
1841 Craty|                  some of the other great secrets of nature,—the origin of
1842      | seeming
1843 Craty|             shivering), xeon (seething), seiesthai, (to be shaken), seismos (
1844 Craty|               seiesthai, (to be shaken), seismos (shock), and are always
1845 Craty|               but the causes of them are seldom known to us.~Language, like
1846 Craty|                of the sense. He can only select, perhaps out of some dialect,
1847 Craty|               use or drops out of use is selected or rejected on the ground
1848 Craty|               that he is afraid of being self-deceived, and therefore he must ‘
1849 Craty|              there is nothing worse than self-deception—when the deceiver is always
1850 Craty|           SOCRATES: Well, that is almost self-explained, being only the name of
1851 Craty|              possess as great a power of self-improvement as the Latin, if not as
1852 Craty|              that the body is the grave (sema) of the soul which may be
1853 Craty|            ellipses, anacolutha, pros to semainomenon, and the like have no reality;
1854 Craty|                nations in a primitive or semi-barbarous age. How, he would probably
1855 Craty|                Platonic ideas are only a semi-mythical form, in which he attempts
1856 Craty|                 us who are upon earth he sends from below exceeding blessings.
1857 Craty|             properly erpnon, because the sensation of pleasure is likened to
1858 Craty|                passages. The same subtle sensibility, which adapts the word to
1859 Craty|          particular person would be more sensitive and intelligent than the
1860 Craty|           invisible, until at length the sensuous exterior falls away, and
1861 Craty|              distinct head, although not separable from the preceding, may
1862 Craty|              play with them. The word is separated both from the object and
1863 Craty|               letters are not thought of separately when we are uttering them.
1864 Craty|                  way with letters; first separating the vowels, and then the
1865 Craty|                   A kindred error is the separation of the phonetic from the
1866 Craty|             words, impossible unions and separations of syllables and letters?~
1867 Craty|               language, making words our servants, and not allowing them to
1868 Craty|               transition. The process of settling down is aided by the organs
1869 Craty|             exterior falls away, and the severance of the inner and outer world,
1870 Craty|                hating intercourse of the sexes (ton aroton misesasa). He
1871 Craty|            smooth, and in the lower part shaggy. He is the goat of Tragedy,
1872 Craty|             seething), seiesthai, (to be shaken), seismos (shock), and are
1873 Craty|                hearts of nations, Homer, Shakespear, Dante, the German or English
1874      | shalt
1875 Craty|                of the lyre; the judge of ships is the pilot. And will not
1876 Craty|                  And who will direct the shipwright?~HERMOGENES: The pilot.~
1877 Craty|                  to be shaken), seismos (shock), and are always introduced
1878 Craty|                Some tribes may have used shorter, others longer words or
1879 Craty|                  the best grammar is the shortest and that in which he will
1880 Craty|          strength or weakness, length or shortness, emphasis or pitch, become
1881 Craty|       significant of his patience at the siege of Troy; while the name
1882 Craty|               down? and when he has duly sifted them, all the rest will
1883 Craty|               Asia. Such changes are the silent notes of the world’s history;
1884 Craty|                  better therefore not be silently assumed.~‘Natural selection’
1885 Craty|                  of his dialogues as the Silenus Socrates; and through this
1886 Craty|               eyes of men to discern the similarities and differences of things,
1887 Craty|               Heracleitus by ‘unsavoury’ similes—he cannot believe that the
1888 Craty|                 of the etymologists. The simplicity of Hermogenes, who is ready
1889 Craty|            person. They are fixed by the simultaneous utterance of millions, and
1890 Craty|            divination, and his truth and sincerity, which is the same as truth,
1891 Craty|                  the men of his tribe to sing or speak, showing them by
1892 Craty|               like the nightingale, is a singing bird, but is ever binding
1893 Craty|                 when we have learnt them singly, we shall learn to know
1894 Craty|                 his fancies. When a book sinks into the mind of a nation,
1895 Craty|                  his ‘longius ex altoque sinum trahit,’ can produce a far
1896 Craty|             noble son of a good or noble sire; and similarly the offspring
1897 Craty|                come back to us? Even the Sirens, like all the rest of the
1898 Craty|         Euthyphro, with whom he has been sitting from the early dawn (compare
1899 Craty| Sprachwissenschaft.’~...~It is more than sixteen years since the preceding
1900 Craty|               pheresthai; gnome is gones skepsis kai nomesis; noesis is neou
1901 Craty|                viewed:—they are dramatic sketches of an argument. We have
1902 Craty|                to both of us; when I say skleros (hard), you know what I
1903 Craty|                 provincialisms, from the slang of great cities, from the
1904 Craty|              each other. A comparatively slender link between them was also
1905 Craty|             satirical writers, has often slept in the ear of posterity.
1906 Craty|             words such as string, swing, sling, spring, sting, which are
1907 Craty|               detention of the liquid or slippery element; delta and tau binding;
1908 Craty|        pronunciation of which the tongue slips, and in this he found the
1909 Craty|               with one another either by slow transitions or by violent
1910 Craty|              HERMOGENES: No; that is the smallest.~SOCRATES: Then the name
1911 Craty|             stranger, Hermogenes, son of Smicrion’—these words, whether spoken,
1912 Craty|               future dialogues, that the so-called Platonic ideas are only
1913 Craty|            existence be deemed to be the sole or principal cause of changes
1914 Craty|              half dead, half alive, half solid, half fluid; the breath
1915 Craty|             roars, the wolf howls in the solitude of the forest: they are
1916 Craty|         existence; thus anticipating the solution of the mediaeval controversy
1917 Craty|                  poets when they have to solve a difficulty; thus anticipating
1918 Craty|            derived apo tes dialuseos tou somatos: ania is from alpha and
1919 Craty|                 notions, though they are somewhat crude:—the letter rho appears
1920      | somewhere
1921 Craty|                 cries of animals, of the songs of birds (‘man, like the
1922 Craty|                 eros (with an eta): ‘the sons of God saw the daughters
1923 Craty|                  the newly-created forms soon become fixed; there are
1924 Craty|                 names, which I would far sooner hear.~SOCRATES: Son of Hipponicus,
1925 Craty|                   friends of the ideas’ (Soph.)? or is it to be attributed
1926 Craty|                nor addressed; a piece of sophistry attributed to Gorgias, which
1927 Craty|                  poets like Aeschylus or Sophocles or Pindar or a great prose
1928 Craty|               dear Hermogenes, will be a sorry piece of work, and in the
1929 Craty|                 son of good fortune), or Sosias (the Saviour), or Theophilus (
1930 Craty|              also sought to indicate the sources of our knowledge of it and
1931 Craty|               themselves into the vacant spaces of language and retire when
1932 Craty|           between them is too wide to be spanned, the differences are too
1933 Craty|                  to ourselves, but had a special nature of their own?~HERMOGENES:
1934 Craty|                  name of kakia, or vice, specially appropriated to it. The
1935 Craty|               not fearing any ‘judge, or spectator, who may recall him to the
1936 Craty|                they are taken out of the sphere of grammar and are exempt
1937 Craty|                and in the harmony of the spheres. The second lambda is inserted
1938 Craty|              example is the word sphigx, sphiggos, which ought properly to
1939 Craty|                 derivation?~SOCRATES: In spite of the mistakes which are
1940 Craty|               part which is improper and spoils the beauty and formation
1941 Craty|                read, but he breaks forth spontaneously in speech. We can trace
1942 Craty|                immortals the tomb of the sportive Myrina.’) And there are
1943 Craty|            confines him more to the same spot,—desire or necessity?~HERMOGENES:
1944 Craty|               their washings and lustral sprinklings, have all one and the same
1945 Craty|               school of philologists has sprung up, who are sometimes accused
1946 Craty|           quotations from Homer, and the spurious dialectic which is applied
1947 Craty|              think that there is nothing stable or permanent, but only flux
1948 Craty|                apt to become awkward, to stammer and repeat itself, to lose
1949 Craty|                  in the case of the poor stammerer) that speech has the co-operation
1950 Craty|                 cries of animals, or the stammering lips of children, and to
1951 Craty|              fall into some absurdity in stating the principle of primary
1952 Craty|                find in a Greek temple or statue; nor should his works be
1953 Craty|                 and the ‘branches,’ the ‘stem,’ the ‘strata’ of Geology,
1954 Craty|                ought often to retrace my steps and endeavour to ‘look fore
1955 Craty|                  a different style, were Sterne, Jean Paul, Hamann,— writers
1956 Craty|                  and disguised by people sticking on and stripping off letters
1957 Craty|            string, swing, sling, spring, sting, which are parallel to one
1958 Craty|                the trees of the wood are stirred by the wind.’ The theory
1959 Craty|                 expression of a movement stirring the hearts not of one man
1960 Craty|              nations or are the precious stones and jewels of great authors
1961 Craty|            inventor of the name had been stopped by the watery element in
1962 Craty|             disguised; for that which is strained and filtered (diattomenon,
1963 Craty|                of harmony, swelling into strains not less majestic than those
1964 Craty|                as she is often called by strangers—they seem to imply by it
1965 Craty|               the giving of the names of streams to both of them purely accidental?
1966 Craty|              Aegina who wander about the street late at night: and be likewise
1967 Craty|                   by the lengthening and strengthening of vowels or by the shortening
1968 Craty|           instrument, by greater or less stress, by a higher or lower pitch
1969 Craty|                  groups of words such as string, swing, sling, spring, sting,
1970 Craty|                have been endeavouring to strip off from language the false
1971 Craty|               often concealed, have been stripped off; and we see language
1972 Craty|                by people sticking on and stripping off letters for the sake
1973 Craty|              philosophy mankind had been striving to attain an expression
1974 Craty|                 the soul is bound with a strong chain (desmos), for lian
1975 Craty|                 of the world are organic structures, and that every word in
1976 Craty|            account of them. Through what struggles the harmonious use of the
1977 Craty|               proceed—it is one of those studies in which we seem to know
1978 Craty|                languages which have been stunted in their growth,—lamed in
1979 Craty|              maintained by them.~The two subordinate persons of the dialogue,
1980 Craty|           relation to one another as the substances which they denote. But there
1981 Craty|          concerned. How did the roots or substantial portions of words become
1982 Craty|                 last century, would have substantially agreed. At the end of the
1983 Craty|                  their etymology? Why do substantives often differ in meaning
1984 Craty|                 of the voice, and we can substitute one note or accent for another.
1985 Craty|              past by the present, and of substituting the definite and intelligible
1986 Craty|                 but allow the occasional substitution of a wrong letter, and if
1987 Craty|                  us. But these and other subtleties of language escaped the
1988 Craty|                  you spoke of adding and subtracting letters upon occasion.~SOCRATES:
1989 Craty|                  words a name; but if he subtracts or perhaps adds a little,
1990 Craty|           interpreters have hitherto not succeeded in dispelling. We need not
1991 Craty|             other way shall we name with success.~HERMOGENES: I agree.~SOCRATES:
1992 Craty|                 he pleases? Will not the successful speaker rather be he who
1993 Craty|                 in poetry how the simple succession of lines, not without monotony,
1994 Craty|                however, either he or his successors have altered into what they
1995 Craty|               intelligent than the rest. Suddenly, on some occasion of interest (
1996 Craty|                of ward in which the soul suffers the penalty of sin,—en o
1997 Craty|                  by the use of prefixes, suffixes, infixes; by the lengthening
1998 Craty|            paradigm of the verb, without suggesting that the double or treble
1999 Craty|                  forget that freedom and suggestiveness and the play of association
2000 Craty|            modern philosophy of language suggests to us about the powers of
2001 Craty|                  is a kind of conclusion—sullogismos tis, akin therefore in idea