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501 Lache|              grandfather; and this is mine, who is also called after
502 Lache|            the enemy; there can be no mistake about that.~SOCRATES: Very
503 Lache|             of Homer, who says, that~‘Modesty is not good for a needy
504 Lache|       reclaims, but is in some degree mollified by a compliment to his own
505 Lache|         friends, Laches, at this very moment inviting us to consider
506 Lache|               stag, and a bull, and a monkey, have equally little pretensions
507 Lache|         perhaps, become worthy of the names which they bear. They, on
508 Lache|             and his military exploits naturally connect him with the two
509 Lache|              against any one by those nearest to him. As for myself, Lysimachus
510 Lache|              Socrates; as is the more necessary because the two councillors
511 Lache|              one is in a manner still needed who will decide between
512 Lache|             Modesty is not good for a needy man.’~Let us then, regardless
513 Lache|          those great masters of arms, neglect it. His own experience in
514 Lache|           sons of great men, has been neglected; and they are resolved that
515 Lache|             persons are too apt to be negligent and careless of their own
516 Lache|            the world, looking at your neighbour and not at yourself. I am
517      | nevertheless
518 Lache|               else to be the tutor of Niceratus. But I observe that when
519 Lache|               the examination of such niceties is a much more suitable
520 Lache|             you what happened to this notable invention of the scythe
521 Lache|               his temper. It is to be noted that one of them is supposed
522 Lache|       therefore, Socrates, I give you notice that you may teach and confute
523 Lache|           character will be only more notorious; or if he be brave, and
524 Lache|           than those who have. Like a novice in the art of disputation,
525 Lache|             to fight in a line with a number of others, such an acquirement
526 Lache|               on knowledge and not on numbers?~MELESIAS: To be sure.~SOCRATES:
527 Lache|             home by old age; but you, O son of Sophroniscus, should
528 Lache|             same time, if you did not object, to take counsel with you
529 Lache|         SOCRATES: Yes, Laches, I have observed that; but you would not
530 Lache|           these circumstances, let me offer you a piece of advice (and
531 Lache|             Socrates; and as I am the oldest, I am also the most eager
532 Lache|            had not been diametrically opposed.~Lysimachus here proposes
533 Lache|           that he, or some man in the opposing army who is in the opposite
534 Lache|           opposing army who is in the opposite circumstances to these and
535 Lache|         Against this inversion of the ordinary use of language Laches reclaims,
536 Lache|             But if you are yourselves original discoverers in that field,
537 Lache|           again. You remember that we originally considered courage to be
538 Lache|    preliminary question, the truth is parted between them. Gradually,
539 Lache|             than to the Spartans; and particularly to those who would themselves
540 Lache|              us, for Laches and I are partners in the argument: Do you
541 Lache|           hither and thither’; and he passes an encomium on Aeneas himself,
542 Lache|       physician, and his son, or some patient of his, has inflammation
543 Lache|             he has never been able to pay the sophists for instructing
544 Lache|            own fathers did in war and peace—in the management of the
545 Lache|            the end of the handle. The people in the transport clapped
546 Lache|              and improvement, and, if perchance you have not attended to
547 Lache|               right in inviting me to perform this duty; but as we are
548 Lache|             but who are courageous in perils by sea, and who in disease,
549 Lache|             as we are all in the same perplexity, why should one of us be
550 Lache|                We too must endure and persevere in the enquiry, and then
551 Lache|            the universal nature which pervades them all.~SOCRATES: But
552 Lache|              more popular to the more philosophical; it has never occurred to
553 Lache|              in the Ionian, or in the Phrygian mode, nor yet in the Lydian,
554 Lache|           courage is moral as well as physical: (2) That true courage is
555 Lache|     circumstances, let me offer you a piece of advice (and this need
556 Lache|              to be the best puller to pieces of words of this sort.~LACHES:
557 Lache|             of the freedom with which Plato treats facts. For the scene
558 Lache|               is found in running, in playing the lyre, in speaking, in
559 Lache|              that of the lyre, or any pleasant instrument of music; for
560 Lache|             Melesias would be greatly pleased to hear you answer the questions
561 Lache|              decide the question by a plurality of votes: in such a serious
562 Lache|             nations, just as a tragic poet would who is honoured among
563 Lache|               Lysis. There is less of poetical and simple beauty, and more
564 Lache|               all this upon the lads, pointing out to them that they will
565 Lache|             to have one. But I am too poor to give money to the Sophists,
566 Lache|              to pass on from the more popular to the more philosophical;
567 Lache|            exhibition of himself. The possession of the art will make the
568 Lache|          risking the greatest of your possessions? For children are your riches;
569 Lache|           wisdom.~LACHES: What can he possibly mean, Socrates?~SOCRATES:
570 Lache|            vessel in learning to make pots.’ Tell us then, what qualities
571 Lache|             and who in disease, or in poverty, or again in politics, are
572 Lache|              of dramatic interest and power. They are richer in the
573 Lache|              great professions of his powers, I have seen at another
574 Lache|               Aves); the other is the practical man, who relies on his own
575 Lache|             passed in finding out and practising the arts which give them
576 Lache|            young man to learn; and he praised the man whose exhibition
577 Lache|       pretenders; and unless a man be pre-eminent in valour, he cannot help
578 Lache|             you call courage?~NICIAS: Precisely.~SOCRATES: And now let me
579 Lache|              No they do not. They may predict results, but cannot tell
580 Lache|            which I am making all this preface is as follows: Melesias
581 Lache|               why should one of us be preferred to another? I certainly
582 Lache|              either Nicias or Laches, prefers to wait until they have
583 Lache|                and in this, as in the preliminary question, the truth is parted
584 Lache|              with all this wisdom and preparation, that he, or some man in
585 Lache|              whom the city chooses to preside over her.~SOCRATES: Yes,
586 Lache|        SOCRATES: Then, Laches, we may presume that we know the nature
587 Lache|           monkey, have equally little pretensions to courage.~LACHES: Capital,
588 Lache|            like proceeding from first principles. For if we knew that the
589 Lache|          their own children and their private concerns. There is much
590 Lache|           part; the enquiry will thus probably be made easier to us.~LACHES:
591 Lache|          point, and will be more like proceeding from first principles. For
592 Lache|     correspond to his words.~Socrates proceeds: We might ask who are our
593 Lache|               often submitted to this process; and Laches is quite willing
594 Lache|              and Damon is always with Prodicus, who, of all the Sophists,
595 Lache|            and have been, and will be produced, would he not be perfect,
596 Lache|           which is concerned with the productions of the earth in all times.
597 Lache|              if not, and if those who profess to teach it are deceivers
598 Lache|               trust them if they only professed to be masters of their art,
599 Lache|              athletes of our military profession, trained in that on which
600 Lache|           crowd and making such great professions of his powers, I have seen
601 Lache|               opinion is, that if the professor of this art be a coward,
602 Lache|            bear. They, on their part, promise to comply with our wishes;
603 Lache|          death or disease, or loss of property, or victory, or defeat in
604 Lache|         to-morrow, Lysimachus, as you propose, God willing.~THE END~
605 Lache|              opposed.~Lysimachus here proposes to resign the argument into
606 Lache|              I further rejoice at the prospect of our family ties being
607 Lache|             Socrates; but having been proved to be talking nonsense himself,
608 Lache|              or natural; and he would provide the good, as he would know
609 Lache|              one who is occupied with public affairs. As he says, such
610 Lache|             considered to be the best puller to pieces of words of this
611 Lache|             be a dull and uncongenial pupil: but that the teacher is
612 Lache|              Melesias, I applaud your purpose, and will gladly assist
613 Lache|                that they knew ‘how to pursue, and fly quickly hither
614 Lache|              fight, flying as well as pursuing; and as Homer says in praise
615 Lache|         determine whether you will be questioned, and give an explanation
616 Lache|                how to pursue, and fly quickly hither and thither’; and
617 Lache|              deck at his feet, and he quitted his hold of the scythe-spear,
618 Lache|            school at our age, I would quote to them the authority of
619 Lache|         passing one another. He first ran along his own ship holding
620 Lache|       possessed by very few, but that rashness and boldness, and fearlessness,
621 Lache|            LYSIMACHUS: Those who have reached my time of life, Socrates
622 Lache|               harmony of both is only realized in Socrates himself.~The
623 Lache|          Socrates; as would surely be reasonable.~SOCRATES: His one vote
624 Lache|              in this art, and for the reasons which I have given. But
625 Lache|              up to honour if they are rebellious and take no pains about
626 Lache|              taken of them, than they received themselves at the hands
627 Lache|          yours as well as ours, for I reckon you as one of us. Please
628 Lache|       ordinary use of language Laches reclaims, but is in some degree mollified
629 Lache|         Lysimachus, but is afterwards recognised as the son of his old friend
630 Lache|          virtue cannot be taught. The recognition of Socrates by Lysimachus
631 Lache|           aware: nevertheless I would recommend Lysimachus and Melesias
632 Lache|          mention the matter to him he recommends to me some other tutor and
633 Lache|           every good and evil without reference to time. What do you say
634 Lache|               to which I was just now referring?~LACHES: I should say that
635 Lache|         disposed to be angry with the refinements of Nicias.~In the discussion
636 Lache|              laughing; they could not refrain when they beheld the weapon
637 Lache|               should be very wrong in refusing to aid in the improvement
638 Lache|              on the other hand, to be regarded as evil and hurtful?~LACHES:
639 Lache|          excellent man; and I further rejoice at the prospect of our family
640 Lache|             is the practical man, who relies on his own experience, and
641 Lache|           that either of you show any reluctance to take counsel and advise
642 Lache|             make a slip, to invidious remarks. And now let Socrates be
643 Lache|             there is no harm in being reminded of any wrong thing which
644 Lache|              of our family ties being renewed.~LACHES: Indeed, Lysimachus,
645 Lache|               now appealed to; and in reply he offers a definition which
646 Lache|             hurtful to a young man. I repose confidence in both of them;
647 Lache|               be at, Socrates; for he represents the courageous man as neither
648 Lache|              he who does not fly from reproof will be sure to take more
649 Lache|         compared with Cephalus in the Republic, and, like him, withdraws
650 Lache|             younger, or not as yet in repute—anything of that sort is
651 Lache|              bad memory. He earnestly requests Socrates to remain;—in this
652 Lache|               and all.~Some points of resemblance, and some points of difference,
653 Lache|       certainly ought not to have any reserve with you. The reason was,
654 Lache|           Lysimachus here proposes to resign the argument into the hands
655 Lache|            you learned, who were your respective teachers, and who were their
656 Lache|             is Virtue?’—or rather, to restrict the enquiry to that part
657 Lache|              we arrive at no distinct result. The two aspects of courage
658 Lache|              do not. They may predict results, but cannot tell whether
659 Lache|    sophistries of this sort. Socrates resumes the argument. Courage has
660 Lache|             through his hand until he retained only the end of the handle.
661 Lache|               was my companion in the retreat from Delium, and I can tell
662 Lache|       satisfactory?~LACHES: Quite the reverse.~SOCRATES: Suppose, however,
663 Lache|    possessions? For children are your riches; and upon their turning
664 Lache|              which Laches treats with ridicule, seeming to think that this,
665 Lache|              scythe was caught in the rigging of the other ship, and stuck
666 Lache|             deliberating? Are you not risking the greatest of your possessions?
667 Lache|              And yet men who thus run risks and endure are foolish,
668 Lache|              neighbouring states, but rushes hither straight, and exhibits
669 Lache|         armour regard Lacedaemon as a sacred inviolable territory, which
670 Lache|         company with his father, at a sacrifice, or at some other gathering.
671 Lache|               I will freely impart my satisfaction to you, for I think that
672 Lache|             is this condition of ours satisfactory?~LACHES: Quite the reverse.~
673 Lache|              of others. And when I am satisfied myself, I will freely impart
674 Lache|            see our extremity, and may save us and also settle your
675 Lache|               that we had courage who saw us in action, but not, I
676 Lache|               courage, like the other sciences, is concerned not only with
677 Lache|               quitted his hold of the scythe-spear, the crew of his own trireme
678 Lache|              you were speaking of the Scythian cavalry, who have that way
679 Lache|         flying?~SOCRATES: Why, as the Scythians are said to fight, flying
680 Lache|               courageous in perils by sea, and who in disease, or
681 Lache|               a subordinate part. The seance is of old and elder men,
682 Lache|              our faint-heartedness in searching for courage; which after
683 Lache|         nature of courage, and in the second place proceed to enquire
684 Lache|             There is no difficulty in seeing that the knowledge and practice
685 Lache|           himself out in words, while seeking to deprive of the honour
686      | seeming
687      | seems
688 Lache|           great deal more valiant and self-possessed in the field. And I will
689 Lache|           proposed discussion by your selves; and I will listen, and
690 Lache|     courageous, but only fearless and senseless. Do you imagine that I should
691 Lache|              show that free and noble sentiments are natural to him. And
692 Lache|            knowledge of the future is separable from that of the past and
693 Lache|      knowledge of future good or evil separated from a knowledge of the
694 Lache|              of an army, which is the sequel of the lesson: and when
695 Lache|             be the master and not the servant of the soothsayer, because
696 Lache|              and may save us and also settle your own opinion, if you
697 Lache|             military question, may be settled by asking, ‘What do the
698 Lache|             if Socrates was more than seventy years of age at his trial
699 Lache|             Melesias, who is only his shadow, also subsides into silence.
700      | she
701 Lache|              they came upon the light shields of the Persians, are said
702 Lache|              his weapon free. The two ships were passing one another.
703 Lache|             man. To make a long story short, I will only tell you what
704 Lache|           Socrates to remain;—in this showing, as Nicias says, how little
705 Lache|          great? For example, if a man shows the quality of endurance
706 Lache|              have practised a similar shuffle just now, if we had only
707 Lache|         talking nonsense, but that he shuffles up and down in order to
708 Lache|             completely and thoroughly sifted him. Now I am used to his
709 Lache|     soothsayer ought to know only the signs of things that are about
710 Lache|            shadow, also subsides into silence. Both of them, by their
711 Lache|               he denies; but he is so silly.~SOCRATES: Suppose that
712 Lache|               is less of poetical and simple beauty, and more of dramatic
713 Lache|          broken and you have to fight singly, either in pursuit, when
714 Lache|              vile corpus’ of a Carian slave, but on your own sons, or
715 Lache|           knowledge of the use of the sling, or the bow, or of any other
716 Lache|             somehow or other, she has slipped away from me, and I cannot
717 Lache|               another time making, in sober truth, an involuntary exhibition
718 Lache|               the other side with the Socratic doctrine, that courage is
719 Lache|            the courage of heavy-armed soldiers, but about the courage of
720 Lache|              this contradiction to be solved? Socrates and Laches are
721      | somehow
722 Lache|               was, the argument would soon pass from our sons to ourselves;
723 Lache|             general notion at all. No sooner has this general notion
724 Lache|              his way of speaking, the soothsayers are courageous. For who
725 Lache|             and general descending to sophistries of this sort. Socrates resumes
726 Lache|              board ship making a very sorry exhibition of himself. The
727 Lache|        courage, but of courage of all sorts, tried both amid pleasures
728 Lache|               makes me merry with the sound of his voice; and when I
729 Lache|              you are not aware of the source from which his wisdom is
730 Lache|            big pig as the Crommyonian sow would be called by you courageous.
731 Lache|               use of arms is really a species of knowledge, then it ought
732 Lache|                which was a far better spectacle. He was a marine on board
733 Lache|  investigations of this sort. But the spirit of controversy has been
734 Lache|             fathers for letting us be spoiled in the days of our youth,
735 Lache|               and not run the risk of spoiling the children of friends,
736 Lache|               he may be better at the sport than we are. What do you
737 Lache|           friend, should not the good sportsman follow the track, and not
738 Lache|             affirm that a lion, and a stag, and a bull, and a monkey,
739 Lache|               to have been willing to stand and fight, and to have fled;
740 Lache|               whatever subject he may start, he will be continually
741 Lache|              And now let us proceed a step, and try to arrive at a
742 Lache|             and when some one threw a stone, which fell on the deck
743 Lache|               the man. To make a long story short, I will only tell
744 Lache|             states, but rushes hither straight, and exhibits at Athens;
745 Lache|              in anything.~LACHES: How strangely he is talking, Socrates.~
746 Lache|             the consultation. He is a stranger to Lysimachus, but is afterwards
747 Lache|             to them what Athenians or strangers, bond or free, he is generally
748 Lache|              when his appearance will strike terror into his enemies.
749 Lache|          marine on board a ship which struck a transport vessel, and
750 Lache|        rigging of the other ship, and stuck fast; and he tugged, but
751 Lache|                neither discoverer nor student is he of anything of the
752 Lache|              the youth have any noble study or pursuit, such as you
753 Lache|               cavalry and every other style of soldier; and not only
754 Lache|               lives. Nicias has often submitted to this process; and Laches
755 Lache|        forgotten, and the boys play a subordinate part. The seance is of old
756 Lache|              is only his shadow, also subsides into silence. Both of them,
757 Lache|             Which of us is skilful or successful in the treatment of the
758 Lache|            that I myself shall be the sufferer; for I am fond of his conversation,
759 Lache|            consider whether we have a sufficient knowledge of a part; the
760 Lache|               their opinion; but they suggest that Socrates should be
761 Lache|      therefore, Lysimachus, as Laches suggested that you should detain me,
762 Lache|               niceties is a much more suitable employment for a Sophist
763 Lache|        against them whether they were supernatural or natural; and he would
764 Lache|           Laches; for quite lately he supplied me with a teacher of music
765 Lache|             weapon waving in the air, suspended from the transport. Now
766 Lache|           over her.~SOCRATES: Yes, my sweet friend, but a great statesman
767 Lache|             battle of Delium (compare Symp.).~Socrates, as he is younger
768 Lache|    characteristic manner. Nicias, the tactician, is very much in favour
769 Lache|              their difficulty. He who takes your view of courage must
770 Lache|             even at the risk of being tedious, how we came to think of
771 Lache|               not have you cast in my teeth that I am a haughty Aexonian.~
772 Lache|                and is apt to lose his temper. It is to be noted that
773 Lache|            they should have one which tends to improve and not to injure
774 Lache|               speaking of Socrates in terms of the highest praise; but
775 Lache|     Lacedaemon as a sacred inviolable territory, which they do not touch
776 Lache|            his appearance will strike terror into his enemies. My opinion
777 Lache|            true man and worthy of his theme, I am delighted beyond measure:
778      | thereby
779 Lache|            the discussion of the main thesis of the Dialogue—‘What is
780 Lache|            and fly quickly hither and thither’; and he passes an encomium
781 Lache|       teachers? But a better and more thorough way of examining the question
782 Lache|           until he has completely and thoroughly sifted him. Now I am used
783 Lache|               future; but that of all three there is one science only:
784 Lache|             figure; and when some one threw a stone, which fell on the
785      | through
786 Lache|            the prospect of our family ties being renewed.~LACHES: Indeed,
787 Lache|         exhibition you have seen, and told us to go and see him. And
788 Lache|               began by saying that we took you into our counsels because
789 Lache|            help your friends, who are tossing on the waves of argument,
790 Lache|          territory, which they do not touch with the point of their
791 Lache|             good sportsman follow the track, and not be lazy?~LACHES:
792 Lache|                and he will be greatly traduced; for there is a jealousy
793 Lache|           fancies that he can write a tragedy does not go about itinerating
794 Lache|              other nations, just as a tragic poet would who is honoured
795 Lache|            consider, who was the best trainer. Should we not select him
796 Lache|              of merit and experienced trainers of the minds of youth and
797 Lache|              lost in an unmeaning and transcendental conception. Yet several
798 Lache|          skilful or successful in the treatment of the soul, and which of
799 Lache|           seventy years of age at his trial in 399 (see Apology), he
800 Lache|              of courage of all sorts, tried both amid pleasures and
801 Lache|     scythe-spear, the crew of his own trireme also burst out laughing;
802 Lache|          would not be very willing to trust them if they only professed
803 Lache|        discoveries; and he would have trusted them entirely, if they had
804 Lache|              a danger that you may be trying the experiment, not on the ‘
805 Lache|                and stuck fast; and he tugged, but was unable to get his
806 Lache|             go until I answered, I in turn earnestly beseech and advise
807 Lache|            Persians were broken, they turned upon them like cavalry,
808 Lache|            that on which the conflict turns. Moreover in actual battle,
809 Lache|              or I shall be a dull and uncongenial pupil: but that the teacher
810 Lache|             that the same science has understanding of the same things, whether
811 Lache|              they appear to be a most unfortunate exception. For example,
812 Lache|              be added. But then again unintelligent endurance may often be more
813 Lache|       intimation of the connexion and unity of virtue and knowledge,
814 Lache|              pains is here lost in an unmeaning and transcendental conception.
815 Lache|       Socrates is neither unusual nor unpleasant; indeed, I knew all along
816 Lache|                Socrates; and yet I am unused to investigations of this
817 Lache| cross-examined by Socrates is neither unusual nor unpleasant; indeed,
818 Lache|             elsewhere Socrates is not unwilling to admit, but which will
819 Lache|            bad in that in which he is unwise.’~SOCRATES: That is certainly
820 Lache|               country would have been upheld, and the great defeat would
821 Lache|            concerns of others; and we urge all this upon the lads,
822      | used
823 Lache|             that these pretenders are useless and ridiculous. This man
824 Lache|              begin at once and do the utmost that we can for them. And
825 Lache|             man deck himself out with vain words at a meeting of friends
826 Lache|             any man a great deal more valiant and self-possessed in the
827 Lache|            and which includes all the various uses of the term when applied
828 Lache|               or loss of property, or victory, or defeat in war, or in
829 Lache|               experiment, not on the ‘vile corpus’ of a Carian slave,
830 Lache|            friends. You ought to have visited us long ago, and made yourself
831 Lache|           required. But as Laches has voted one way and Nicias another,
832 Lache|            question by a plurality of votes: in such a serious matter
833 Lache|          Nicias or Laches, prefers to wait until they have delivered
834 Lache|              regard me as one of your warmest friends. You ought to have
835 Lache|              field. Laches, the blunt warrior, is of opinion that such
836 Lache|              other men will be on the watch, and he will be greatly
837 Lache|                who are tossing on the waves of argument, and at the
838 Lache|           when they beheld the weapon waving in the air, suspended from
839 Lache|          learned it; for they are far wealthier than I am, and may therefore
840 Lache|             concerned with the use of weapons—‘What is Courage?’ Laches
841      | whenever
842 Lache|             they are not courageous a whit the more for that.~SOCRATES:
843 Lache|             something of which we are wholly ignorant?~LACHES: I do not
844 Lache|           hope, cannot allow that any wild beast is courageous, unless
845 Lache|             be courageous, are really wiser than mankind; or whether
846 Lache|            him, and has never had the wit to do or discover anything.
847 Lache|              Republic, and, like him, withdraws from the argument. Melesias,
848 Lache|           possessed by many men, many women, many children, many animals.
849 Lache|           upon them like cavalry, and won the battle of Plataea.~LACHES:
850 Lache|            but the arts of riding and wrestling is adduced as a proof that
851 Lache|               who fancies that he can write a tragedy does not go about
852 Lache|        Socrates was more than seventy years of age at his trial in 399 (
853 Lache|               of whom Socrates is the youngest.~First is the aged Lysimachus,