Book

  1 1 |         every city is in a natural state of war with every other,
  2 1 |       imagine that a well governed state ought to be so ordered as
  3 1 |        house, the village, and the state?~Cleinias. You mean that
  4 1 |       above all in states; and the state in which the better citizens
  5 1 |         and when they prevail, the state may be truly called its
  6 1 |        will he who constitutes the state and orders the life of man
  7 1 |          have occurring in his own state; and when occurring, every
  8 1 |      latter in the case of his own state.~Athenian. And would not
  9 1 |          Nor is the victory of the state over itself to be regarded
 10 1 |           the body was in the best state when sick and purged by
 11 1 |    forgetting that there is also a state of the body which needs
 12 1 |     happiness of the individual or state, who looks only, or first
 13 1 |           upon the divine; and the state which attains the greater,
 14 1 |         from those of any ordinary state.~Megillus. That is not an
 15 1 |           or with what, or in what state and how, wheat is to be
 16 1 |          great good accrues to the state from the right training
 17 1 |            is the proxenus of your state. I imagine that from their
 18 1 |            proxeni of a particular state, feel kindly towards their
 19 1 |           case might be, “has your state treated us”; and having
 20 1 |        embodied in a decree by the State, is called Law.~Cleinias.
 21 1 |           us the common law of the State; there are others which
 22 1 |          Does he not return to the state of soul in which he was
 23 1 |        afterwards, he will be in a state of body which he would die
 24 1 |       first beginning reduced to a state of weakness?~Cleinias. Yes,
 25 1 |           Cretan, or for any other state, would you not like to have
 26 2 |          may do this in almost any state with the exception of Egypt.~
 27 2 |            of some really existing state of things, whereas I was
 28 2 |         improvement on the present state of things?~Cleinias. A very
 29 2 |           but also a governor of a state and of cities. Such an one,
 30 2 |            to be received into the State. For wine has many excellences,
 31 2 |            may be used. But if the State makes drinking an amusement
 32 3 |            we not suppose that the state of man was something of
 33 3 |          Athenian. And out of this state of things has there not
 34 3 |           he traces up the ancient state of mankind by the help of
 35 3 |     lordships, and in this altered state of the government they will
 36 3 |           first, second, and third state, succeeding one another
 37 3 |            on the horizon a fourth state or nation which was once
 38 3 |          what changes would make a state happy, O Megillus and Cleinias,
 39 3 |         with his reason. But every state and every individual ought
 40 3 |          the mass or populace in a state. And when the soul is opposed
 41 3 |         call folly, just as in the state, when the multitude refuses
 42 3 |       opposite of a saviour of the state: he is utterly ignorant
 43 3 |          was under the idea that a state ought to be free and wise
 44 3 |           Persians had more of the state which is a mean between
 45 3 |       equality in the order of the state, and he embodied in his
 46 3 |            pre–eminent honour in a state because he surpasses others
 47 3 |          We maintain, then, that a State which would be safe and
 48 3 |           And it any legislator or state departs from this rule by
 49 3 |            not say, that he or the state is doing an unholy and unpatriotic
 50 3 |          wrong which are made in a state are a trifle, when compared
 51 3 |           the view of seeing how a state might be best administered,
 52 3 |          and then let us imagine a State of which we will suppose
 53 3 |          let us begin to frame the State.~  ~
 54 4 |          is there any neighbouring State?~Cleinias. None whatever,
 55 4 |          chance of preserving your state from degeneracy and discordance
 56 4 |         unfaithful ways—making the state unfriendly and unfaithful
 57 4 |            most fatal results on a State whose aim is the attainment
 58 4 |       honour is due. But how can a state be in a right condition
 59 4 |       estimating the goodness of a state, we regard both the situation
 60 4 |             or when a portion of a state is driven by factions to
 61 4 |          caused innovations in the state, when there have been pestilences,
 62 4 |           for the happiness of the state, yet the true legislator
 63 4 |  conditions which you require in a state before you can organize
 64 4 |             He will say—”Give me a state which is governed by a tyrant,
 65 4 |            other qualities, if the state is to acquire in the best
 66 4 |            that he ever does for a state which he desires to be eminently
 67 4 |         has done second best for a state in which there are two such
 68 4 |       rulers, and third best for a state in which there are three.
 69 4 |            of the chief men of the state; and when the ruling element
 70 4 |            change the manners of a state: he has only to go in the
 71 4 |         which are suitable to your state.~Cleinias. Let us proceed
 72 4 |           at the settlement of our state; may he hear and be propitious
 73 4 |          come and set in order the State and the laws!~Cleinias.
 74 4 |    servants of a part of their own state, and each of them is named
 75 4 |       after their rulers, the true state ought to be called by the
 76 4 |     becomes the master either of a state or of an individual—then,
 77 4 |         laws have authority in any state?”~Cleinias. True.~Athenian. “
 78 4 |        Consider, then, to whom our state is to be entrusted. For
 79 4 |          for the good of the whole state. States which have such
 80 4 |     entrust the government in your state to any one because he is
 81 4 |        obedient to the laws of the state, he shall win the palm;
 82 4 |          well– or ill–being of the state. For that state in which
 83 4 |       being of the state. For that state in which the law is subject
 84 4 |           ruin; but I see that the state in which the law is above
 85 4 |           Gods and the Gods of the State, honour should be given
 86 4 |           and will thus render our state, if the Gods co–operate
 87 4 |           laws, to the hurt of the state.”~Cleinias. That is true.~
 88 4 |          first determined in every state?~Cleinias. Quite so.~Athenian.
 89 4 |         which the young men in the state give to the aged. Comparing
 90 4 |       which I myself prefer in the state, I should certainly determine
 91 4 |          consulted, for his is the state which is going to use these
 92 5 |           either to them or to the state. The condition of youth
 93 5 |            in his relations to the state and his fellow citizens,
 94 5 |             and in relation to the state, and his friends, and kindred,
 95 5 |       choose pain; and the neutral state we are ready to take in
 96 5 |           in the constitution of a state—one the creation of offices,
 97 5 |       greatest injury of the whole state. But the milder form of
 98 5 |          the natural plague of the state, are sent away by the legislator
 99 5 |        join and be citizens of our state, after we have tested them
100 5 |        beginning of salvation to a state, and upon this lasting basis
101 5 |          in the arrangement of the state until they are settled.
102 5 |           be the founders of a new state as yet free from enmity—
103 5 |            form and outline of our state. The number of our citizens
104 5 |   legislator is establishing a new state or restoring an old and
105 5 |            is no greater good in a state than that the citizens should
106 5 |      entitled: wherefore, in every state, above all things, every
107 5 |          may desire to give to his state some feature which is congenial
108 5 |            and highest form of the state and of the government and
109 5 |             will ever constitute a state which will be truer or better
110 5 |          in virtue. Whether such a state is governed by Gods or sons
111 5 |        look for the pattern of the state, and to cling to this, and
112 5 |            which is like this. The state which we have now in hand,
113 5 |       ministering to the Gods, the state and the family, as well
114 5 |          sending out a herald, the state must also possess a common
115 5 |       principle and intention of a state. The intention, as we affirm,
116 5 |       legislator, namely, that the state for the true interests of
117 5 |  impossible; and he who orders the state will desire what is possible,
118 5 |          that of the soul; and the state which we are describing
119 5 |           in special crises of the state, qualifications of property
120 5 |          would be as follows:—In a state which is desirous of being
121 5 |            back the surplus to the state, and to the Gods who are
122 5 |         who are the patrons of the state, he shall suffer no penalty
123 6 |     Athenian. In the ordering of a state there are two parts: first,
124 6 |       constitution of out intended state. In the first place, you
125 6 |          offered to settle the new state on behalf of the people
126 6 |            public elections of the state; I say, if this could be
127 6 |          the end of the time, of a state thus trained not being permanent.~
128 6 |        become a citizen of the new state; and if you and they cannot
129 6 |        held in whatever temple the state deems most venerable, and
130 6 |          other than the colonizing state. Well I know that many colonies
131 6 |     democracy, and such a mean the state ought always to observe;
132 6 |         without difficulty, by any state or any legislator in the
133 6 |           are times at which every state is compelled to use the
134 6 |            reasons given, should a state act which would endure and
135 6 |           furnish guardians of the state, each portion for a single
136 6 |          the presiding body of the state ought always to have the
137 6 |          the other officers of the state during one portion of the
138 6 |           place and city, that the state may be as far as possible
139 6 |          who has the safety of the state at heart will use his utmost
140 6 |           all the great offices of state, this is the greatest; for
141 6 |       follows:—All the officers of state, as well annual as those
142 6 |            of offences against the state, the people ought to participate,
143 6 |            when any one wrongs the state all are wronged, and may
144 6 |        that he has no share in the state at all. And for this reason
145 6 | deteriorate, but to improve in the state which he has established?~
146 6 |       principle, let us divide the state; and assigning to each portion
147 6 |          is most beneficial to the state. For somehow every one is
148 6 |            for the citizens of our state are provided with the necessaries
149 6 |       surprised, Megillus, for the state of the Helots among the
150 6 |       which has law and order in a state is the cause of every good,
151 6 |            to the happiness of the state. But at present, such is
152 6 |     tremendous outcry, but in this state perhaps they may. And if
153 6 |         whole discussion about the state has not been mere idle talk,
154 6 |        they are to produce for the state the best and fairest specimens
155 7 |            may order his house and state well and be happy.~Cleinias.
156 7 |         Cleinias. But how must the state educate those who do not
157 7 |          should embrace the middle state, which I just spoke of as
158 7 |        gentle and benign, and is a state which we by some divine
159 7 |         are the bonds of the whole state, and come in between the
160 7 |           to bind together the new state in every possible way, omitting
161 7 |         solemn institutions of the state are allowed to remain undisturbed.
162 7 |       greater evil can happen in a state; for he who changes the
163 7 |       everywhere and always in our state. I need hardly ask again,
164 7 |         Plutus should dwell in our state?~Cleinias. To be sure.~Athenian.
165 7 |           which are allowed in the state? nor shall he be permitted
166 7 |       regarded as belonging to the state rather than to their parents.
167 7 |        with one mind, for thus the state, instead of being a whole,
168 7 |          might have made the whole state happy.~Megillus. What shall
169 7 |        themselves and to the whole state.~A night which is passed
170 7 |            necessary for the whole state—I am speaking of the arrangements
171 7 |        work of legislation, I must state the more difficult as well
172 7 |        take alarm about our infant state. Many things have been said
173 7 |             receiving pay from the state, and their pupils should
174 7 |            the men and boys in the state, and also the girls and
175 7 |       would be the disgrace to the state, if the women had been so
176 7 |      unseemly thing to happen in a state, as well as a great misfortune.~
177 7 |         and noblest; for our whole state is an imitation of the best
178 7 |         opposite of our own. For a state would be mad which gave
179 7 |          and they will benefit the state. If anyone is of another
180 7 |      redeemed and removed from our state, if they do not please either
181 7 |           for the advantage of the state and in every way acceptable
182 7 |          whole constitution of our state having been thus delineated,
183 8 |         and also honourable in the state, creators of noble actions—
184 8 |            far greater evil to the state than the loss of a few.~
185 8 |         things, and that the whole state should practise them supposed~
186 8 |        notably the causes. But our state has escaped both of them;
187 8 |          great good or harm to the state. There is, however, another
188 8 |           convenient for the whole state amid the corruptions of
189 8 |         and dances. How, in such a state as this, will they abstain
190 8 |         should wish to have in the state the love which is of virtue
191 8 |           continuance of an entire state in the practice of common
192 8 |            great legislator of our state should determine all the
193 8 |            the public order of the state, has an art which requires
194 8 |         our first principle in the state:—No one who is a smith shall
195 8 |           but let every man in the state have one art, and get his
196 8 |             and expulsion from the state, until they compel him to
197 8 |           which they have with the state, or with some individual.
198 8 |            which he confers on the state, and he thinks that he can
199 9 |          the details of crime in a state which, as we say, is to
200 9 |           To assume that in such a state there will arise some one
201 9 |             or his parents, or the state, let the judge deem him
202 9 |           goods confiscated to the state, for the lots of the citizens
203 9 |          to the dissolution of the state:—Whoever by promoting a
204 9 |        greatest enemy of the whole state. But he who takes no part
205 9 |           chief magistrates of the state, has no knowledge of the
206 9 |        violence of the laws of the state. For a thief, whether he
207 9 |   convicted of a theft against the state, then if he can persuade
208 9 |           if I did not, let me now state—~Cleinias. What?~Athenian.
209 9 |           be described either as a state or a part of her, and is
210 9 |          these crimes, either in a state of madness or when affected
211 9 |        judged to have been in this state when he committed the offence,
212 9 |        degree to the chiefs of the state. And a third cause is cowardly
213 9 |         which represents the whole state, forbids him, and always
214 9 |         not because the law of the state requires him, nor yet under
215 9 |         states is greater when the state and not the individual is
216 9 |      public good as primary in the state, and the private good as
217 9 |             I may reply, that in a state in which the courts are
218 9 |            which affects the whole state. Unfortunate is the necessity
219 9 |          smallest offences; if the state for which he is legislating
220 9 |       speak distinctly. But when a state has good courts, and the
221 9 |            private property of the state. Now the state should seek
222 9 |     property of the state. Now the state should seek to have its
223 9 |        what family there is in the state which is of the highest
224 9 |     penalty for the loss which the state has incurred. And the penalty
225 10|           which the virtue of your state, as I am informed, refuses
226 10|      should he only rise up in the state and threaten all mankind,
227 10|          when passing into another state it is destroyed utterly.
228 10|            be three prisons in the state: the first of them is to
229 10|      consequence is that the whole state reaps the fruit of their
230 11|          as he ought to be, by the state, which shall give his master
231 11|            shall not remain in the state more than twenty years,
232 11|        especially those who are in state offices. And this is the
233 11|            the least injury to the state; and in the third place,
234 11|            be quite necessary in a state—about these the guardians
235 11|    possible injury to those in the state who practise it.~When a
236 11|            are the partners of the state, and overthrows the foundations
237 11|            the common bonds of the state. And let him who, having
238 11|          the saviours of the whole state, whether by their courage
239 11|            take effect in whatever state he may have been at the
240 11|    possessions as belonging to the state; wherefore, if some one
241 11|          what is best both for the state and for the family, esteeming
242 11|           within the limits of the state; and if any maiden has no
243 11|            of the law, and let the state appoint another guardian
244 11|         hatred as this. In another state, a son disowned by his father
245 11|           be a citizen, but in our state, of which these are to be
246 11|           to his family and to the state. And if a man dies leaving
247 11|            occur in a well–ordered state. Let this, then, be the
248 11|           education, he lives in a state of savageness and moroseness,
249 11|         then, do we admit into our state the comic writers who are
250 11|         there be no beggars in our state; and if anybody begs, seeking
251 11|           pay for them. Now in our state this so–called art, whether
252 12|       elements of dissolution in a state, as there are also in a
253 12|      without blame, then the whole state and country flourishes and
254 12|  constitutions, every power in the state is rent asunder from every
255 12|          these men, whom the whole state counts worthy of the rewards
256 12|         lawsuits are going on in a state that almost half the people
257 12|       choosing magistrates for the state shall either vote on oath
258 12|      freeman is disobedient to the state in minor matters, of which
259 12|            they are ordered.~Now a state which makes money from the
260 12|            class authorized by the state. To Apollo at Delphi and
261 12|            institutions in his own state which are good already;
262 12|          can be no dispute in this state of ours; but if a man has
263 12|            friend and enemy of the state as his own friend and enemy;
264 12|       without the authority of the state, he, like the receiver of
265 12|            way, and the public and state courts, and those which
266 12|           for the order of our new state, considering and correcting
267 12|           a subverter of the whole state and of the laws.~Thus a
268 12|           of the things which in a state and government give not
269 12|            to be the anchor of the state, our city, having everything
270 12|          what would you say of the state? If a person proves to be
271 12|        tell what is the aim of the state, and will inform us how
272 12|         advise us to that end. Any state which has no such institution
273 12|       parts or institutions of the state is any such guardian power
274 12|            should bear rule in the state, whether they be good or
275 12|          placed in the head of the state, having their souls all
276 12|           truly preserve the whole state:—Shall this or some other
277 12|          other be the order of our state? Are all our citizens to
278 12|            guardians of our divine state to perceive, in the first
279 12|   Certainly not; that would be the state of a slave.~Athenian. And
280 12|            a good ruler of a whole state; but he should be the subordinate
281 12|           for the salvation of the state. Shall we propose this?~
282 12|       hesitate about that. And the state will be perfected and become