Dialogue

  1 Phaedo|          Death is the separation of soul and body—and the philosopher
  2 Phaedo|             as purifications of the soul. And this was the meaning
  3 Phaedo|          fear is expressed that the soul upon leaving the body may
  4 Phaedo|            the pre-existence of the soul. Some proofs of this doctrine
  5 Phaedo|            The pre-existence of the soul stands or falls with the
  6 Phaedo|         dead. But the fear that the soul at departing may vanish
  7 Phaedo|     proceeds: When we fear that the soul will vanish away, let us
  8 Phaedo|       former; and therefore not the soul, which in her own pure thought
  9 Phaedo|        region of change. Again, the soul commands, the body serves:
 10 Phaedo|             in this respect too the soul is akin to the divine, and
 11 Phaedo|             every point of view the soul is the image of divinity
 12 Phaedo|             speedy dissolution, the soul is almost if not quite indissoluble. (
 13 Phaedo|            unlikely, then, that the soul will perish and be dissipated
 14 Phaedo|        company of the gods.~But the soul which is polluted and engrossed
 15 Phaedo|             which envelope him; his soul has escaped from the influence
 16 Phaedo|            has been argued that the soul is invisible and incorporeal,
 17 Phaedo|            the body. But is not the soul acknowledged to be a harmony,
 18 Phaedo|           willing to admit that the soul is more lasting than the
 19 Phaedo|          more lasting nature of the soul does not prove her immortality;
 20 Phaedo|        prove the immortality of the soul, must prove not only that
 21 Phaedo|             prove not only that the soul outlives one or many bodies,
 22 Phaedo|      Simmias is of opinion that the soul is a harmony of the body.
 23 Phaedo|         ideas, and therefore of the soul, is at variance with this. (
 24 Phaedo|           is an effect, whereas the soul is not an effect, but a
 25 Phaedo|            harmony follows, but the soul leads; a harmony admits
 26 Phaedo|          admits of degrees, and the soul has no degrees. Again, upon
 27 Phaedo|            the supposition that the soul is a harmony, why is one
 28 Phaedo|            is a harmony, why is one soul better than another? Are
 29 Phaedo|             within another? But the soul does not admit of degrees,
 30 Phaedo|            harmonized. Further, the soul is often engaged in resisting
 31 Phaedo|             under the idea that the soul is a harmony of the body?
 32 Phaedo|         might injure the eye of the soul. I thought that I had better
 33 Phaedo|      proving the immortality of the soul. He will only ask for a
 34 Phaedo|         life exclude death, but the soul, of which life is the inseparable
 35 Phaedo|     imperishable; and therefore the soul on the approach of death
 36 Phaedo|  application has to be made: If the soul is immortal, ‘what manner
 37 Phaedo|           only.~For after death the soul is carried away to judgment,
 38 Phaedo|            course of ages. The wise soul is conscious of her situation,
 39 Phaedo|         world below; but the impure soul wanders hither and thither
 40 Phaedo|          her own place, as the pure soul is also carried away to
 41 Phaedo|           of the immortality of the soul has sunk deep into the heart
 42 Phaedo|           in the immortality of the soul. It was based on the authority
 43 Phaedo|           by the immortality of the soul the immortality of fame,
 44 Phaedo|             idea can we form of the soul when separated from the
 45 Phaedo|            the body? Or how can the soul be united with the body
 46 Phaedo|        still be independent? Is the soul related to the body as the
 47 Phaedo|            with Aristotle, that the soul is the entelechy or form
 48 Phaedo|            truer expression? Is the soul related to the body as sight
 49 Phaedo|       another state of being is the soul to be conceived of as vanishing
 50 Phaedo|             Or is the opposition of soul and body a mere illusion,
 51 Phaedo|           and the true self neither soul nor body, but the union
 52 Phaedo|           thought? The body and the soul seem to be inseparable,
 53 Phaedo|           in the immortality of the soul, we must still ask the question
 54 Phaedo|            prone to argue about the soul from analogies of outward
 55 Phaedo|           of the immortality of the soul, we must ask further what
 56 Phaedo|      language. For we feel that the soul partakes of the ideal and
 57 Phaedo|        forces. The value of a human soul, like the value of a man’
 58 Phaedo|       consciousness of God. And the soul becoming more conscious
 59 Phaedo|         without attributing to each soul an incomparable value. But
 60 Phaedo|       present, whether in the human soul or in the order of nature,
 61 Phaedo|           in the immortality of the soul rests at last on the belief
 62 Phaedo|           and in a figure, that the soul is immortal.~But besides
 63 Phaedo|          the childish fear that the soul upon leaving the body may ‘
 64 Phaedo|         that to our minds the risen soul can no longer be described,
 65 Phaedo|          the same doubt whether the soul is to be regarded as a cause
 66 Phaedo|      convictions. In the Phaedo the soul is conscious of her divine
 67 Phaedo|          more general notion of the soul; the contemplation of ideas ‘
 68 Phaedo|         ever-present quality of the soul. Yet at the conclusion of
 69 Phaedo|        mythology, and describes the soul and her attendant genius
 70 Phaedo|           of the immortality of the soul was not new to the Greeks
 71 Phaedo|            as the world. Either the soul was supposed to exist in
 72 Phaedo|       assisted in the separation of soul and body. If ideas were
 73 Phaedo|             conception of the human soul became more developed. The
 74 Phaedo|            the individuality of the soul after death had but a feeble
 75 Phaedo|       future life of the individual soul to the eternal being of
 76 Phaedo|       eternal being of the absolute soul. There has been a clearer
 77 Phaedo|        about the immortality of the soul than they are in their theory
 78 Phaedo|           conception of an abstract soul which is the impersonation
 79 Phaedo|           into a logical form:—‘The soul is immortal because it contains
 80 Phaedo|             If God exists, then the soul exists after death; and
 81 Phaedo|        there is no existence of the soul after death.’ For the ideas
 82 Phaedo|           of the immortality of the soul, they represent fairly enough
 83 Phaedo|           of the immortality of the soul, and are led by the belief
 84 Phaedo|          eternal ideas of which the soul is a partaker; the other
 85 Phaedo|           of the immortality of the soul is a theory of knowledge,
 86 Phaedo|          for the immortality of the soul has collected many elements
 87 Phaedo|            as the aspiration of the soul after another state of being.
 88 Phaedo|            from the progress of the soul towards perfection. In using
 89 Phaedo|          has certainly confused the soul which has left the body,
 90 Phaedo|             left the body, with the soul of the good and wise. (Compare
 91 Phaedo|            out of the antithesis of soul and body. The soul in her
 92 Phaedo|    antithesis of soul and body. The soul in her own essence, and
 93 Phaedo|            her own essence, and the soul ‘clothed upon’ with virtues
 94 Phaedo|           of the immortality of the soul is derived from the necessity
 95 Phaedo|            the pre-existence of the soul. It is Cebes who urges that
 96 Phaedo|             future existence of the soul, as is shown by the illustration
 97 Phaedo|        which the immortality of the soul is connected with the doctrine
 98 Phaedo|     Phaedrus the immortality of the soul is supposed to rest on the
 99 Phaedo|            on the conception of the soul as a principle of motion,
100 Phaedo|          natural continuance of the soul, which, if not destroyed
101 Phaedo|         destroyed by any other. The soul of man in the Timaeus is
102 Phaedo|       digression, the desire of the soul to fly away and be with
103 Phaedo|             the conviction that the soul is inseparable from the
104 Phaedo|            it not the separation of soul and body? And to be dead
105 Phaedo|        completion of this; when the soul exists in herself, and is
106 Phaedo|           body is released from the soul, what is this but death?~
107 Phaedo|         entirely concerned with the soul and not with the body? He
108 Phaedo|             body and to turn to the soul.~Quite true.~In matters
109 Phaedo|         sort of way to dissever the soul from the communion of the
110 Phaedo|         replied.~Then when does the soul attain truth?—for in attempting
111 Phaedo|            dishonours the body; his soul runs away from his body
112 Phaedo|          which when they infect the soul hinder her from acquiring
113 Phaedo|             the body, and while the soul is infected with the evils
114 Phaedo|             be quit of the body—the soul in herself must behold things
115 Phaedo|          company with the body, the soul cannot have pure knowledge,
116 Phaedo|              and not till then, the soul will be parted from the
117 Phaedo|           but the separation of the soul from the body, as I was
118 Phaedo|            before; the habit of the soul gathering and collecting
119 Phaedo|             can;—the release of the soul from the chains of the body?~
120 Phaedo|       separation and release of the soul from the body is termed
121 Phaedo|         ever seeking to release the soul. Is not the separation and
122 Phaedo|       separation and release of the soul from the body their especial
123 Phaedo|        wanting to be alone with the soul, when this desire of theirs
124 Phaedo|            But in what concerns the soul, men are apt to be incredulous;
125 Phaedo|            when the man is dead his soul yet exists, and has any
126 Phaedo|            be impossible unless our soul had been in some place before
127 Phaedo|             is another proof of the soul’s immortality.~But tell
128 Phaedo|           that the existence of the soul before birth cannot be separated
129 Phaedo|             of the existence of the soul before birth. But that after
130 Phaedo|            But that after death the soul will continue to exist is
131 Phaedo|          that when the man dies the soul will be dispersed, and that
132 Phaedo|       before we were born:—that the soul will exist after death as
133 Phaedo|             of the dead. For if the soul exists before birth, and
134 Phaedo|           with a fear that when the soul leaves the body, the wind
135 Phaedo|             is not of the nature of soul—our hopes and fears as to
136 Phaedo|            of us body, another part soul?~To be sure.~And to which
137 Phaedo|          can doubt that.~And is the soul seen or not seen?~Not by
138 Phaedo|          the eye of man.~And is the soul seen or not seen?~Not seen.~
139 Phaedo|          Unseen then?~Yes.~Then the soul is more like to the unseen,
140 Phaedo|            saying long ago that the soul when using the body as an
141 Phaedo|         were we not saying that the soul too is then dragged by the
142 Phaedo|   unchanging. And this state of the soul is called wisdom?~That is
143 Phaedo|           And to which class is the soul more nearly alike and akin,
144 Phaedo|           follows the argument, the soul will be infinitely more
145 Phaedo|             another light: When the soul and the body are united,
146 Phaedo|              then nature orders the soul to rule and govern, and
147 Phaedo|            True.~And which does the soul resemble?~The soul resembles
148 Phaedo|         does the soul resemble?~The soul resembles the divine, and
149 Phaedo|            the conclusion?—that the soul is in the very likeness
150 Phaedo|         dissolution? and is not the soul almost or altogether indissoluble?~
151 Phaedo|           And is it likely that the soul, which is invisible, in
152 Phaedo|            whither, if God will, my soul is also soon to go,—that
153 Phaedo|           also soon to go,—that the soul, I repeat, if this be her
154 Phaedo|           truth rather is, that the soul which is pure at departing
155 Phaedo|             death?—~Certainly—~That soul, I say, herself invisible,
156 Phaedo|             beyond a doubt.~But the soul which has been polluted,
157 Phaedo|          purposes of his lusts,—the soul, I mean, accustomed to hate
158 Phaedo|             you suppose that such a soul will depart pure and unalloyed?~
159 Phaedo|         element of sight by which a soul is depressed and dragged
160 Phaedo|            to the inward parts, The soul grows clotted by contagion,
161 Phaedo|    knowledge are conscious that the soul was simply fastened and
162 Phaedo| intelligible and invisible. And the soul of the true philosopher
163 Phaedo|         pain is most intense, every soul of man imagines the objects
164 Phaedo|         this the state in which the soul is most enthralled by the
165 Phaedo|          which nails and rivets the soul to the body, until she becomes
166 Phaedo|             not.~Certainly not! The soul of a philosopher will reason
167 Phaedo|           Simmias and Cebes, that a soul which has been thus nurtured
168 Phaedo|            is our conception of the soul; and that when the body
169 Phaedo|         cold, wet and dry, then the soul is the harmony or due proportionate
170 Phaedo|           or other injury, then the soul, though most divine, like
171 Phaedo|          any one maintains that the soul, being the harmony of the
172 Phaedo|           that the existence of the soul before entering into the
173 Phaedo|            but the existence of the soul after death is still, in
174 Phaedo|           disposed to deny that the soul is stronger and more lasting
175 Phaedo|            in all such respects the soul very far excels the body.
176 Phaedo|         relation of the body to the soul may be expressed in a similar
177 Phaedo|             in like manner that the soul is lasting, and the body
178 Phaedo|           in like manner that every soul wears out many bodies, especially
179 Phaedo|     deliquesces and decays, and the soul always weaves another garment
180 Phaedo|             of course, whenever the soul perishes, she must have
181 Phaedo|            then at length, when the soul is dead, the body will show
182 Phaedo|          continued existence of the soul after death. For granting
183 Phaedo|     acknowledging not only that the soul existed before birth, but
184 Phaedo|             natural strength in the soul which will hold out and
185 Phaedo|           brings destruction to the soul may be unknown to any of
186 Phaedo|           is able to prove that the soul is altogether immortal and
187 Phaedo|          But if he cannot prove the soul’s immortality, he who is
188 Phaedo|          the body is disunited, the soul also may utterly perish.~
189 Phaedo|            into discredit? That the soul is a harmony is a doctrine
190 Phaedo|            when the man is dead the soul survives. Tell me, I implore
191 Phaedo|          and misgivings whether the soul, although a fairer and diviner
192 Phaedo|          appeared to grant that the soul was more lasting than the
193 Phaedo|          one could know whether the soul, after having worn out many
194 Phaedo|          not of the body but of the soul, for in the body the work
195 Phaedo|             hence inferred that the soul must have previously existed
196 Phaedo|            a compound, and that the soul is a harmony which is made
197 Phaedo|         imply when you say that the soul existed before she took
198 Phaedo|             harmony is not like the soul, as you suppose; but first
199 Phaedo|            can such a notion of the soul as this agree with the other?~
200 Phaedo|          recollection, and that the soul is a harmony. Which of them
201 Phaedo|          and the proof was that the soul must have existed before
202 Phaedo|            others to argue that the soul is a harmony.~Let me put
203 Phaedo|      harmonized.~True.~But does the soul admit of degrees? or is
204 Phaedo|         admit of degrees? or is one soul in the very least degree
205 Phaedo|          more or less completely, a soul than another?~Not in the
206 Phaedo|             vice, and to be an evil soul: and this is said truly?~
207 Phaedo|         will those who maintain the soul to be a harmony say of this
208 Phaedo|           of virtue and vice in the soul?—will they say that here
209 Phaedo|      discord, and that the virtuous soul is harmonized, and herself
210 Phaedo|           her, and that the vicious soul is inharmonical and has
211 Phaedo|           by those who say that the soul is a harmony.~And we have
212 Phaedo|            already admitted that no soul is more a soul than another;
213 Phaedo|     admitted that no soul is more a soul than another; which is equivalent
214 Phaedo|             equal harmony.~Then one soul not being more or less absolutely
215 Phaedo|           more or less absolutely a soul than another, is not more
216 Phaedo|          harmony or of discord, one soul has no more vice or virtue
217 Phaedo|             correctly, Simmias, the soul, if she is a harmony, will
218 Phaedo|   inharmonical.~No.~And therefore a soul which is absolutely a soul
219 Phaedo|          soul which is absolutely a soul has no vice?~How can she
220 Phaedo|             the assumption that the soul is a harmony?~It cannot
221 Phaedo|         human nature other than the soul, and especially the wise
222 Phaedo|             and especially the wise soul? Do you know of any?~Indeed,
223 Phaedo|        Indeed, I do not.~And is the soul in agreement with the affections
224 Phaedo|           and thirsty, does not the soul incline us against drinking?
225 Phaedo|            of the opposition of the soul to the things of the body.~
226 Phaedo|       already acknowledged that the soul, being a harmony, can never
227 Phaedo|             we not now discover the soul to be doing the exact opposite—
228 Phaedo|             under the idea that the soul is a harmony capable of
229 Phaedo|            right in saying that the soul is a harmony, for we should
230 Phaedo|           it proven to you that the soul is imperishable and immortal,
231 Phaedo|        strength and divinity of the soul, and of her existence prior
232 Phaedo|          immortality. Admitting the soul to be longlived, and to
233 Phaedo|       called death. And whether the soul enters into the body once
234 Phaedo|          can give no account of the soul’s immortality. This, or
235 Phaedo|          did not lose the eye of my soul; as people may injure their
236 Phaedo|          case, I was afraid that my soul might be blinded altogether
237 Phaedo|        prove the immortality of the soul.~Cebes said: You may proceed
238 Phaedo|          render the body alive?~The soul, he replied.~And is this
239 Phaedo|           course.~Then whatever the soul possesses, to that she comes
240 Phaedo|            is that?~Death.~Then the soul, as has been acknowledged,
241 Phaedo|     immortal, he said.~And does the soul admit of death?~No.~Then
242 Phaedo|        admit of death?~No.~Then the soul is immortal?~Yes, he said.~
243 Phaedo|           is also imperishable, the soul when attacked by death cannot
244 Phaedo|             argument shows that the soul will not admit of death,
245 Phaedo|         also imperishable, then the soul will be imperishable as
246 Phaedo|        indestructible, must not the soul, if she is immortal, be
247 Phaedo|         Cebes, beyond question, the soul is immortal and imperishable,
248 Phaedo|            friends, he said, if the soul is really immortal, what
249 Phaedo|            But now, inasmuch as the soul is manifestly immortal,
250 Phaedo|          virtue and wisdom. For the soul when on her progress to
251 Phaedo|         earth. The wise and orderly soul follows in the straight
252 Phaedo|           her surroundings; but the soul which desires the body,
253 Phaedo|         brothers in crime—from that soul every one flees and turns
254 Phaedo|              as every pure and just soul which has passed through
255 Phaedo|           which I have given of the soul and her mansions is exactly
256 Phaedo|           say that, inasmuch as the soul is shown to be immortal,
257 Phaedo|             of good cheer about his soul, who having cast away the
258 Phaedo|      knowledge; and has arrayed the soul, not in some foreign attire,
259 Phaedo|     themselves, but they infect the soul with evil. Be of good cheer,