Dialogue

 501 Intro|            which Protagoras evades by drawing a futile distinction between
 502  Prot|                All this has a similar drift, for Simonides was not so
 503  Prot|               than in buying meat and drink: the one you purchase of
 504  Prot|            know of many things—meats, drinks, medicines, and ten thousand
 505  Prot|              secret intercourse, they drive out all these laconizers,
 506  Prot|               the arts, are taken and driven back into them by these
 507  Prot|            not experience the sort of drudgery with which other Sophists
 508  Prot|              use of burning, cutting, drugging, and starving? Are these
 509  Prot|           what is good to be eaten or drunken, and what not, and how much,
 510  Prot|         calamities they suppose to be due to nature or chance; they
 511 Intro|           them ignorant of the common duty of citizens? To the doubt
 512  Prot|         citadel of heaven, where Zeus dwelt, who moreover had terrible
 513 Intro|          Plato. That it is one of the earlier or purely Socratic works—
 514 Intro|            fooling,’ how far he is in earnest.~All the interests and contrasts
 515 Intro|                but commends Socrates’ earnestness and his style of discussion.~
 516  Prot|              knows what is good to be eaten or drunken, and what not,
 517  Prot|               fine deep voice made an echo in the room which rendered
 518  Prot|              do not believe that they effected their purpose, which was
 519 Intro|             to be a partisan, lending effectual aid to Socrates; there is
 520 Intro|              to give another and more elaborate explanation of the whole
 521  Prot|             but before six months had elapsed, Ariphron sent him back,
 522  Prot|              you like? Shall I, as an elder, speak to you as younger
 523  Prot|             and take counsel with our elders; for we are still young—
 524  Prot|             eyes and saw’ Hippias the Elean sitting in the opposite
 525 Intro|              much to the point, which elicits the applause of the audience.~
 526 Intro|            familiar with the poem, is embarrassed at first, and invokes the
 527  Prot|               he aspires to political eminence; and this he thinks that
 528  Prot|              of the discussion.~May I employ an illustration? I said.
 529  Prot|          order that he may imitate or emulate them and desire to become
 530  Prot|             All these were lovers and emulators and disciples of the culture
 531  Prot|            means of life, and did not enable them to carry on war against
 532  Prot|              the practices which have enabled the Lacedaemonians to conquer
 533  Prot|         philosophy of synonyms, which enables you to distinguish ‘will’
 534  Prot|               tales, and praises, and encomia of ancient famous men, which
 535  Prot|             that the argument was not encouraging; at length, he consented
 536      | ending
 537 Intro|            virtue, and now the latter ends by affirming that virtue
 538  Prot|              but only adversaries and enemies wrangle. And then our meeting
 539  Prot|               cannot but applaud your energy and your conduct of an argument.
 540  Prot|             send him to teachers, and enjoin them to see to his manners
 541  Prot|             he is the subject of many enmities and conspiracies. Now the
 542  Prot|                suppose that you and I enquire into their natures. And
 543  Prot|              what is he overcome? the enquirer will proceed to ask. And
 544  Prot|               Suppose some one who is enquiring into the health or some
 545  Prot|        terrible sentinels; but he did enter by stealth into the common
 546  Prot|                that while we are thus enthusiastically pursuing our object some
 547  Prot|             in entreating him, as you entreated me, not to spoil the discussion.
 548  Prot|           last man in the world to be envious. I cannot but applaud your
 549  Prot|               he uses a Lesbian word, epainemi (approve), because he is
 550  Prot|          Prometheus and Epimetheus to equip them, and to distribute
 551  Prot|           without swiftness, while he equipped the weaker with swiftness;
 552  Prot|               are also aware that the erring act which is done without
 553  Prot|            allow that any human being errs voluntarily, or voluntarily
 554  Prot|            him were seated on benches Eryximachus, the son of Acumenus, and
 555  Prot|              who, when they have just escaped from the arts, are taken
 556  Prot|           names a separate underlying essence and corresponding thing
 557  Prot|           people, and indeed they are esteemed to be such by the other
 558 Intro|              strength and weakness of ethics and politics, is deeply
 559  Prot|            the door-keeper, who was a eunuch, and who was probably annoyed
 560  Prot|            only too glad to meet with Eurybates and Phrynondas, and you
 561 Intro|               in the arguments of the Euthydemus and of the Cratylus, the
 562 Intro|            inference which Protagoras evades by drawing a futile distinction
 563      | everywhere
 564  Prot|            this is ridiculous will be evident if only we give up the use
 565  Prot|         acquired; no one punishes the evil-doer under the notion, or for
 566 Intro|             the fact that they punish evil-doers, with a view to prevention,
 567  Prot|       astronomical questions, and he, ex cathedra, was determining
 568 Intro|              demanded of him. (2) The exact place of the Protagoras
 569  Prot|          citizens?~That, Socrates, is exactly the profession which I make.~
 570 Intro|             contrast with Protagoras’ exaltation of the study of them— this
 571  Prot|      otherwise than invite you to the examination of these subjects, and ask
 572  Prot|               of his resolution. So I examined him and put questions to
 573  Prot|           saying.~Let us all unite in examining his words, and see whether
 574  Prot|            also greatly increases the exasperation of mankind; for they regard
 575  Prot|               the Lacedaemonians this excellence in philosophy and speculation:
 576  Prot|             name of pleasure has been exchanged for that of good. In our
 577  Prot|               was getting ruffled and excited; he seemed to be setting
 578 Intro|                Socrates moderates his excitement and advises him to find
 579  Prot|           many ways on this subject?’ Excuse me, friends, I should reply;
 580  Prot|             are attained by study and exercise and teaching, and has only
 581  Prot|              goods, such as gymnastic exercises, and military service, and
 582 Intro|             Protagoras are not easily exhausted. The impressiveness of the
 583 Intro|              the good temper which he exhibits throughout the discussion
 584  Prot|         ignorance may cause death and exile to those who have no training
 585  Prot|              and punishment is either exiled or condemned to death under
 586  Prot|           that knowledge, in whatever existing, must have the advantage
 587  Prot|               which a good man may be expected to understand, and in particular
 588  Prot|       Protagoras, and are prepared to expend all the property of yourself
 589 Intro|               a little merry at their expense.~The ‘great personage’ is
 590  Prot|               at home and call in any experienced friend who knows what is
 591  Prot|               the body when eating or experiencing some other bodily delight.
 592  Prot|              blow from the hand of an expert boxer, when I heard his
 593  Prot|              find fault with them and expose and denounce them to others,
 594 Intro|                seems also intended to express the rival doctrines of Socrates
 595  Prot|              capable of uttering such expressions. Such were Thales of Miletus,
 596  Prot|           power of Prometheus did not extend to entering into the citadel
 597  Prot|              the entire race would be exterminated, and so he sent Hermes to
 598  Prot|     preventing any race from becoming extinct. And when he had provided
 599  Prot|            quantities, just enough to extinguish the disagreeable sensation
 600 Intro|              to this last position is extracted with great difficulty.~Socrates
 601  Prot|             not this, do consider how extraordinary their conduct would appear
 602  Prot|            the parts of the face;—the eye, for example, is not like
 603 Intro|              and Protagoras, and is a facetious commentary on their differences. (
 604  Prot|            that words never seemed to fail, or with such brevity that
 605 Intro|         himself; or that the Dialogue fails in unity, and has not a
 606 Intro|          brought together. Protagoras falls before him after two or
 607  Prot|            expression of men uttering falsehoods contrary to their conviction.
 608  Prot|               truth, you are speaking falsely about the highest matters.’—
 609  Prot|              word, may be the ruin of families—those things, I say, they
 610  Prot|               and not after their own fancies; and just as in learning
 611  Prot|     first-fruits of their wisdom, the far-famed inscriptions, which are
 612 Intro|           they bruise their ears; the far-fetched notion, which is ‘really
 613 Intro|               lights and shadows, and far-off and opposing points of view,
 614  Prot|           should be created, the gods fashioned them out of earth and fire
 615  Prot|            imitators of Lacedaemonian fashions in other cities, who go
 616  Prot|         moment sleep left me after my fatigue, I got up and came hither
 617  Prot|              vain to find a perfectly faultless man among those who partake
 618  Prot|            hope, as I may say, by the favour of heaven that no harm will
 619  Prot|      dispersion and destruction. Zeus feared that the entire race would
 620  Prot|             or the diminutive, or the feeble? And for this reason. Because
 621  Prot|             love, such as a man might feel to an unnatural father or
 622  Prot|               good man dissembles his feelings, and constrains himself
 623  Prot|               kinsmen and friends and fellow-citizens, by nature and not by law;
 624  Prot|             their fathers? He and his fellow-workmen have taught them to the
 625  Prot|               that he is not at home, fellows? But, my friend, I said,
 626 Intro|          before the dawn had risen—so fervid is his zeal. Socrates moderates
 627  Prot|               the last year’s Lenaean festival. If you were living among
 628 Intro|            Plato, like all writers of fiction, aims only at the probable,
 629 Intro|               regarded as affording a field for the ingenuity of the
 630  Prot|           face and at the tips of his fingers, and then he says, Uncover
 631  Prot|              Apollo at Delphi, as the first-fruits of their wisdom, the far-famed
 632  Prot|          formerly of Megara, who is a first-rate Sophist. Your own Agathocles
 633  Prot|               rhythmical, and so more fitted for speech and action; for
 634  Prot|           still speaking; still stood fixed to hear (Borrowed by Milton, “
 635  Prot|       compelled? Would not this be in flat contradiction to the admission
 636 Intro|            discussion. A few soothing flatteries are addressed to Protagoras
 637 Intro|            only with the intention of flattering him into absurdities. First
 638  Prot|               love and praise his own flesh and blood. And Simonides,
 639  Prot|            cities, and persuading the flower of the youth in them to
 640 Intro|     courageous and the confident in a fluent speech.~Socrates renews
 641  Prot|              great sum the voice of a flute instead of their own breath,
 642  Prot|            man says that he is a good flute-player, or skilful in any other
 643  Prot|            small, whose nature was to fly in the air or burrow in
 644  Prot|           confidence of the coward or foolhardy or madman, on the contrary,
 645 Intro|             of Simonides Socrates is ‘fooling,’ how far he is in earnest.~
 646  Prot|             and there are innumerable fools’~(implying that if he delighted
 647  Prot|               further on in the poem, forgetting, and blaming Pittacus and
 648      | formerly
 649  Prot|           have discussions in shorter forms of speech as well as in
 650  Prot|       retained.~Well, I said, and how fortunate are we in having Prodicus
 651  Prot|             if the man comes publicly forward and tells the truth about
 652  Prot|              a battle of words have I fought, and if I had followed the
 653 Intro|              the gods in a well-known fragment ascribed to him; he is the
 654 Intro|            somewhat ostentatious, but frank and honest. He is introduced
 655 Intro|           withdraws Prodicus from the fray, under the pretence that
 656 Intro|            which is inconsistent with freedom, and with a natural or even
 657  Prot|               a private gentleman and freeman ought to know them?~Just
 658  Prot|               cities and the bonds of friendship and conciliation. Hermes
 659  Prot|         either side; he was always in front, and they wheeled round
 660  Prot|              those who partake of the fruit of the broad-bosomed earth:
 661  Prot|          after the pattern which they furnish, and not after their own
 662  Prot|           existence of such a science furnishes a demonstrative answer to
 663  Prot|                 only the unreasonable fury of a beast acts in that
 664 Intro|        Protagoras evades by drawing a futile distinction between the
 665 Intro|            speeches. (3) The manifest futility and absurdity of the explanation
 666  Prot|            are sufficient, and we can gain him with these, we shall
 667  Prot|           sons the knowledge which is gained from teachers, and make
 668 Intro|             blows. Socrates partially gains his object in the first
 669  Prot|           Protagoras, go forth on the gale with every sail set out
 670  Prot|           your dearest interests at a game of chance. For there is
 671  Prot|              they have no nonsense or games, but are contented with
 672 Intro|               also the opinion of the generality of mankind. What does he
 673  Prot|            where the company are real gentlemen and men of education, you
 674  Prot|               minded my business, and gently said:—~When you say, Protagoras,
 675  Prot|       calculation, and astronomy, and geometry, and music (he gave a look
 676  Prot|           thought that Protagoras was getting ruffled and excited; he
 677  Prot|             this. And I felt at first giddy and faint, as if I had received
 678 Intro|        virtues are not like the arts, gifts or attainments of special
 679  Prot|            having no teacher, and yet giving advice; evidently because
 680  Prot|             and Charmides, the son of Glaucon. On the other side of him
 681  Prot|             have a little display and glorification in the presence of Prodicus
 682  Prot|              in the greatest and most glorious house of this city, should
 683  Prot|         replied, and the impetuous or goers. (You may remember, Protagoras,
 684  Prot|              from Oenoe whither I had gone in pursuit of my runaway
 685  Prot|            the art, even though he be good-looking, and rich, and noble, they
 686  Prot|             argue with friends out of good-will, but only adversaries and
 687  Prot|       yourself, but also the cause of goodness in others. Moreover such
 688 Intro|            retracted. The Phaedo, the Gorgias, and the Philebus offer
 689 Intro|               be lost upon us, or the gradual substitution of Socrates
 690  Prot|                that your words may be grander and more becoming to you.
 691  Prot|        gratified and not pleased; for gratification is of the mind when receiving
 692  Prot|               are the hearers will be gratified and not pleased; for gratification
 693  Prot|        Socrates, and therefore I will gratify you, and say, that this
 694  Prot|            well who lives in pain and grief?~He does not.~But if he
 695  Prot|              the air or burrow in the ground; this was to be their way
 696 Intro|        criteria which afford any real grounds for determining the date
 697  Prot|               he be a child only or a grown-up man or woman, must be taught
 698  Prot|              he opened and saw us, he grumbled: They are Sophists—he is
 699  Prot|            very same Pericles was the guardian; and he being in fact under
 700  Prot|              and made the room into a guest-chamber. Now Prodicus was still
 701  Prot|            the young man, in order to guide him in his conduct whether
 702  Prot|                even under the name of gymnastic-masters, like Iccus of Tarentum,
 703  Prot|             stronger than the love of gymnastics; they are conscious that
 704  Prot|             other Sophists are in the habit of insulting their pupils;
 705  Prot|             the mother’s side, is his half-brother, and Charmides, the son
 706  Prot|             being taught or not, lest haply Epimetheus should trip us
 707  Prot|         meaning of this? Has anything happened between you and him? For
 708  Prot|               go ringing on in a long harangue, like brazen pots, which
 709  Prot|             opinion of all men is the hardest of all things, can be easily
 710  Prot|              your way, either greatly harmed or greatly benefited; and
 711  Prot|              to music, and make their harmonies and rhythms quite familiar
 712  Prot|          learn to be more gentle, and harmonious, and rhythmical, and so
 713  Prot|                nor dancing-girls, nor harp-girls; and they have no nonsense
 714 Intro|               which has been somewhat hastily made, is now taken up and
 715 Intro|              Socrates is not merely a hasty assumption, but may be also
 716  Prot|             friend, pause, and do not hazard your dearest interests at
 717  Prot|             mind that you will at all hazards be a pupil of Protagoras,
 718  Prot|               knowledge of the art of healing the sick. ‘But he who does
 719  Prot|            there seemed to be a great heap; and there was sitting by
 720  Prot|               is required to learn by heart, in order that he may imitate
 721  Prot|            always admired, and do now heartily applaud and love your philosophical
 722  Prot|             instantly gave the door a hearty bang with both his hands.
 723  Prot|             able to resist the summer heat, so that they might have
 724  Prot|            what in the other case was held by them to be good sense,
 725      | hence
 726      | her
 727  Prot|            the young man Zeuxippus of Heraclea, who has lately been in
 728  Prot|               them varieties of food,—herb of the soil to some, to
 729      | hereby
 730  Prot|        together stay the force of the hero (Il.).’~And I summon you,
 731  Prot|              more recently celebrated Herodicus, now of Selymbria and formerly
 732 Intro|           already damaged by the mock heroic description of them in the
 733  Prot|               and Simonides, some, of hierophants and prophets, as Orpheus
 734  Prot|             run a race with Crison of Himera, when in his prime, or with
 735  Prot|            flute-girls in the market, hiring for a great sum the voice
 736  Prot|            living man in the power of holding and apprehending an argument.
 737 Intro|           wrong estimate of good, and honour, and pleasure. And why are
 738  Prot|           also he furnished them with hoofs and hair and hard and callous
 739  Prot|          listen to him, but laugh and hoot at him, until either he
 740  Prot|       searching after the impossible, hoping in vain to find a perfectly
 741  Prot|           confidence when fighting on horseback—the skilled horseman or
 742  Prot|              on horseback—the skilled horseman or the unskilled?~The skilled.~
 743  Prot|     inexpedient for man, but only for horses; and some for oxen only,
 744  Prot|           suppose him to speak with a hostile reference to the words of
 745  Prot|               and he also constructed houses and clothes and shoes and
 746  Prot|           been brought up in laws and humanities, would appear to be a just
 747  Prot|               is quite another, in my humble opinion.~But you see, Socrates,
 748  Prot|              are really beneficial or hurtful: neither do their customers
 749  Prot|            severity of the season the husbandman or the physician; for the
 750 Intro|             satire on the tedious and hypercritical arts of interpretation which
 751  Prot|               gymnastic-masters, like Iccus of Tarentum, or the more
 752 Intro|            Protagoras has ingeniously identified himself at the commencement
 753 Intro|               and whom he delights to identify with them. (5) The depreciating
 754 Intro|        greater. But then comes in the illusion of distance. Some art of
 755  Prot|             he would raise altars and images of them. He was not long
 756  Prot|          Pittacus, not, as Protagoras imagines, for repeating that which
 757  Prot|            with their ears bruised in imitation of them, and have the caestus
 758  Prot|          never been discovered by the imitators of Lacedaemonian fashions
 759 Intro|        sentiments of Protagoras which impairs this pleasing impression
 760  Prot|               discussions ought to be impartial hearers of both the speakers;
 761  Prot|              for both sides should be impartially heard, and yet an equal
 762  Prot|           conceal the other arts, but imparting them—for all of us have
 763  Prot|           these evil qualities one is impiety, another injustice, and
 764  Prot|       Socrates, that some of the most impious, and unrighteous, and intemperate,
 765 Intro|         proceeds to argue in a highly impressive manner that the whole composition
 766 Intro|             not easily exhausted. The impressiveness of the scene should not
 767  Prot|           that they should learn. How improbable is this, Socrates!~Education
 768  Prot|            the idea that they will be improved by his conversation, ought
 769  Prot|                but do nothing towards improving them in the virtues which
 770  Prot|               meaning, Prodicus would impute to Simonides a character
 771  Prot|              which rendered his words inaudible.~No sooner had we entered
 772  Prot|             is true, it must be quite incapable of being taught.’ Now I,
 773  Prot|              positive.~I said: I also incline to believe, Protagoras,
 774 Intro|               Callias, here as always inclining to the Sophists, but eager
 775  Prot|             all things are knowledge, including justice, and temperance,
 776  Prot|               folly, and also greatly increases the exasperation of mankind;
 777  Prot|            the odium which they would incur. But that is not my way,
 778  Prot|             under the idea that he is incurable—if what I am saying be true,
 779  Prot|            odium which is necessarily incurred by them may be increased:
 780  Prot|              the danger which you are incurring? If you were going to commit
 781 Intro|                We can only follow the indications given by Plato himself.
 782  Prot|             the body; for they praise indiscriminately all their goods, without
 783  Prot|            superadded, he was at last induced to argue, and said that
 784  Prot|              to be evil, nevertheless indulge in them, would you not say
 785  Prot|              doers; and hence, we may infer them to be of the number
 786  Prot|               do the better. And this inferiority of a man to himself is merely
 787  Prot|         manner. But he who desires to inflict rational punishment does
 788  Prot|             endeavour to instruct and inform them what is the nature
 789 Intro|              with whom Protagoras has ingeniously identified himself at the
 790 Intro|             affording a field for the ingenuity of the interpreter.~This
 791  Prot|            plants, and generally most injurious to the hair of every animal
 792  Prot|              not able to get into the inner circle, and his fine deep
 793  Prot|          finding fault, and there are innumerable fools’~(implying that if
 794  Prot|         probably annoyed at the great inroad of the Sophists, must have
 795  Prot|           their wisdom, the far-famed inscriptions, which are in all men’s
 796 Intro|        highest conception of them are inseparable. The thesis of Socrates
 797  Prot|               become good is hard, he inserted (Greek) ‘on the one hand’ (‘
 798  Prot|              passage accounts for the insertion of (Greek) ‘on the one hand,’
 799 Intro|            though full of meaning and insight, hardly intelligible to
 800  Prot|                but praise is often an insincere expression of men uttering
 801  Prot|              me to be an all-wise and inspired man; but I was not able
 802  Prot|              young branches; or I may instance olive oil, which is mischievous
 803  Prot|              oath of the value of the instructions, and he pays no more than
 804  Prot|            myself to be a Sophist and instructor of mankind; such an open
 805  Prot|          Sophists are in the habit of insulting their pupils; who, when
 806 Intro|           meaning and insight, hardly intelligible to the rest of mankind.
 807  Prot|               is the most famous, and intends to make sophistry his profession.
 808  Prot|            that the myth will be more interesting.~Once upon a time there
 809  Prot|  deliberations; and when any one else interferes, then, as you say, they
 810  Prot|               of both elements in the interior of the earth; and when they
 811 Intro|       audience.~Here occurs a sort of interlude, which commences with a
 812  Prot|            fault with the moderate or intermediate state.~(‘I do not hope’
 813  Prot|             in yours.~Here Alcibiades interposed, and said: That, Callias,
 814 Intro|     transparent irony of the previous interpretations given by Socrates. (2) The
 815 Intro|               Sophists, who are their interpreters, and whom he delights to
 816  Prot|             the poets whom you cannot interrogate about the meaning of what
 817 Intro|       rhetoric and the new science of interrogation and argument; also of the
 818 Intro|  philosophical aspect; and after many interruptions and detentions by the way,
 819  Prot|              do you just come from an interview with him?~SOCRATES: Yes;
 820  Prot|              of government, they evil intreated one another, and were again
 821 Intro|               towards one end.~In the introductory scene Plato raises the expectation
 822  Prot|               to whether you ought to intrust yourself to him or not;—
 823 Intro|              cunning of Socrates, who inveigles him into an admission that
 824  Prot|              them. He was not long in inventing articulate speech and names;
 825 Intro|              influence,’ of which the invidious nature is recognized by
 826  Prot|               can I do otherwise than invite you to the examination of
 827 Intro|             embarrassed at first, and invokes the aid of Prodicus, the
 828  Prot|             but there are some whom I involuntarily praise and love. And you,
 829  Prot|            and that there might be an involuntary love, such as a man might
 830  Prot|           ignorance of which does not involve the punishment of death:
 831  Prot|            Your correction, Socrates, involves a greater error than is
 832  Prot|              a very great evil to his inward parts: and for this reason
 833 Intro|        closely connected with it. The Io and the lesser Hippias contain
 834 Intro|             religious rather than the irreligious teacher in this Dialogue.
 835 Intro|          calculation of pleasure, and irresistible here, as everywhere in Plato,
 836  Prot|        hearers forget the question at issue (not that Socrates is likely
 837      | itself
 838  Prot|               be very cautious; great jealousies are aroused by his proceedings,
 839  Prot|                is to become good, not joining ‘truly’ with ‘good,’ but
 840  Prot|          cities visited by him in his journeys, he, like Orpheus, attracting
 841  Prot|           look on them with malignant joy, and find fault with them
 842  Prot|              pleasurable, delightful, joyful. However, by whatever name
 843  Prot|                of the wisdom which he keeps from me.~But, surely, I
 844  Prot|              ought long since to have kept the engagement of which
 845 Intro|           fact which is not generally known); and the soul of their
 846 Intro|            the true philosophers, and Laconic brevity as the true form
 847 Intro|        Protagoras; the mistake of the Laconizing set in supposing that the
 848  Prot|              sail set out of sight of land into an ocean of words,
 849  Prot|             preservation, making some large, and having their size as
 850  Prot|              he said: Yesterday quite late in the evening, on my return
 851  Prot|        Zeuxippus of Heraclea, who has lately been in Athens, and he had
 852  Prot|          school soonest and leave off latest. When they have done with
 853  Prot|            were the invention of good lawgivers living in the olden time;
 854  Prot|          begin?~You ought to take the lead, he said; for you are the
 855 Intro|        disciples of Protagoras and of leading Athenians belonging to the
 856 Intro|             in the introduction which leads to the inference that Plato
 857  Prot|             you and I should imitate. Leaving the poets, and keeping to
 858  Prot|           fain ask the same of my own legs; but they refuse to comply.
 859  Prot|              stage at the last year’s Lenaean festival. If you were living
 860 Intro|              nature to be a partisan, lending effectual aid to Socrates;
 861  Prot|              they may not unlearn the lessons which they have taught them.
 862  Prot|               of being taught or not, lest haply Epimetheus should
 863  Prot|               Cepis, and the other of Leucolophides, and some others. I was
 864  Prot|           were the same readiness and liberality among us in teaching one
 865 Intro|               allowing Protagoras the liberty which he takes himself of
 866 Intro|              5) The error of Socrates lies in supposing that there
 867  Prot|               as Homer says (Od.), ‘I lifted up my eyes and saw’ Hippias
 868 Intro|          thrown over truths which are lightly suggested, and all woven
 869 Intro|             revealing the truth is by lights and shadows, and far-off
 870  Prot|                although I should have liked to have heard you.~Thus
 871  Prot|            have but a small degree of likeness?~Certainly not; any more
 872  Prot|              relates to the making of likenesses, and similarly of other
 873 Intro|            himself who would pass the limits of proverbial and popular
 874  Prot|              Solon, and Cleobulus the Lindian, and Myson the Chenian;
 875 Intro|              But he has still a doubt lingering in his mind. Protagoras
 876  Prot|              is the doubt which still lingers in my mind.~There is no
 877  Prot|           would rather, I will be the listener.~To this proposal Protagoras
 878  Prot|          shall be grateful to you for listening.~COMPANION: Thank you, too,
 879  Prot|            was at Athens: he had been lodged in a room which, in the
 880  Prot|            shall find him at home. He lodges, as I hear, with Callias
 881  Prot|             They are the best for the longest time whom the gods love.’~
 882  Prot|               Protagoras objects, but loosen and let go the reins of
 883  Prot|   Lacedaemonian Chilo. All these were lovers and emulators and disciples
 884  Prot|              this led Alcibiades, who loves opposition, to take the
 885  Prot|               rich and poor, high and low—any one who likes gets up,
 886  Prot|           meed should be given, and a lower to the less wise. And I
 887  Prot|            Simonides must have been a lunatic, if, in the very first words
 888  Prot|          excellent poets, who are the lyric poets; and these they set
 889 Intro|                The Charmides, Laches, Lysis, all touch on the question
 890  Prot|               often had to praise and magnify a tyrant or the like, much
 891  Prot|             question: Do not the same magnitudes appear larger to your sight
 892 Intro|        virtues, which were originally maintained to have five different natures,
 893  Prot|            But are you aware that the majority of the world are of another
 894  Prot|            defects, look on them with malignant joy, and find fault with
 895  Prot|          living among men such as the man-haters in his Chorus, you would
 896  Prot|               of wisdom; but I cannot manage these long speeches: I only
 897 Intro|                long speeches. (3) The manifest futility and absurdity of
 898  Prot|              holiness and, in a word, manly virtue—if this is the quality
 899  Prot|             enjoin them to see to his manners even more than to his reading
 900  Prot|              Sophist, and what is the manufacture over which he presides?—
 901  Prot|             branches, as for example, manure, which is a good thing when
 902 Intro|         defence of Simonides. (6) the marked approval of Hippias, who
 903  Prot|           price of flute-girls in the market, hiring for a great sum
 904  Prot|            more ready to trust. But I marvel at one thing about which
 905  Prot|               natural ability quite a match for anybody of his own age.
 906 Intro|           should supply them with the materials for discussion. A few soothing
 907 Intro|               common sense and common maxims of morality, while that
 908  Prot|             with one another like the meanest of mankind! I do pray and
 909      | Meanwhile
 910  Prot|              knowledge than in buying meat and drink: the one you purchase
 911  Prot|           individual having enough of medicine or of any other art for
 912  Prot|            many things—meats, drinks, medicines, and ten thousand other
 913 Intro|          accepted by the company, and meets with the special approval
 914  Prot|             Selymbria and formerly of Megara, who is a first-rate Sophist.
 915 Intro|          depicted to us in Xenophon’s Memorabilia. Like Socrates, he finds
 916  Prot|        character; consisting of short memorable sentences, which they severally
 917  Prot|        Philomelus; also Antimoerus of Mende, who of all the disciples
 918 Intro|             the Phaedrus and with the Menexenus. Several lesser touches
 919  Prot|             of the examples which you mentioned instead. Do you admit the
 920  Prot|       affections which I was just now mentioning.~Yes, Socrates, he replied;
 921 Intro|              policy, and particularly mentions his own liberal mode of
 922 Intro|                he only makes a little merry at their expense.~The ‘great
 923 Intro|              an anticipation of some ‘metaphysic of the future,’ in which
 924 Intro|       Socrates is a caricature of the methods of interpretation which
 925  Prot|               this city, which is the metropolis of wisdom, and in the greatest
 926  Prot|             ourselves, let us try the mettle of one another and make
 927 Intro|               not a proper beginning, middle, and ending. They seem to
 928  Prot|       agreeing that there was nothing mightier than knowledge, and that
 929 Intro|             of the Sophists under the milder aspect under which he once
 930  Prot|      expressions. Such were Thales of Miletus, and Pittacus of Mitylene,
 931  Prot|              gymnastic exercises, and military service, and the physician’
 932  Prot|            fixed to hear (Borrowed by Milton, “Paradise Lost”.).’~At
 933 Intro|               way complete when their minds are fairly brought together.
 934  Prot|               their bodies may better minister to the virtuous mind, and
 935  Prot|               very finished, but such minutiae would be tedious. I should
 936  Prot|            temperate and gets into no mischief; and when they have taught
 937  Prot|          instance olive oil, which is mischievous to all plants, and generally
 938  Prot|              hither; I would not have missed the speech of Protagoras
 939  Prot|              Miletus, and Pittacus of Mitylene, and Bias of Priene, and
 940  Prot|            earth and fire and various mixtures of both elements in the
 941 Intro|           been already damaged by the mock heroic description of them
 942  Prot|       conversation. And these are the models which I desire that you
 943  Prot|               finds no fault with the moderate or intermediate state.~(‘
 944 Intro|          fervid is his zeal. Socrates moderates his excitement and advises
 945 Intro|              speak short?~Counsels of moderation are urged first in a few
 946 Intro|               paradox—they are really moments or aspects of the truth
 947  Prot|              educated; but before six months had elapsed, Ariphron sent
 948  Prot|          there were gods only, and no mortal creatures. But when the
 949  Prot|               he said.~Then as to the motive from which the cowards act,
 950  Prot|                which are in all men’s mouths—‘Know thyself,’ and ‘Nothing
 951  Prot|           than the precision of their movements: they never got into his
 952 Intro|               in a single design, and moving towards one end.~In the
 953  Prot|              prophets, as Orpheus and Musaeus, and some, as I observe,
 954  Prot|             them—for all of us have a mutual interest in the justice
 955  Prot|            Acumenus, and Phaedrus the Myrrhinusian, and Andron the son of Androtion,
 956  Prot|            Cleobulus the Lindian, and Myson the Chenian; and seventh
 957 Intro|             same arts when applied to mythology in the Phaedrus, and with
 958  Prot|                but that man alone was naked and shoeless, and had neither
 959  Prot|              are paying money to your namesake Hippocrates, O Hippocrates;
 960  Prot|        DIALOGUE: Socrates, who is the narrator of the Dialogue to his Companion.
 961 Intro|            Lacedaemonians are a great nation because they bruise their
 962  Prot|              and the pains, and their nearness and distance, and weigh
 963  Prot|               that the odium which is necessarily incurred by them may be
 964  Prot|               Thus man had the wisdom necessary to the support of life,
 965      | nobody
 966  Prot|              point he would no longer nod assent, but was silent.~
 967  Prot|           shields—the peltasts or the nonpeltasts?~The peltasts. And that
 968  Prot|          harp-girls; and they have no nonsense or games, but are contented
 969  Prot|            same sense in which mouth, nose, and eyes, and ears, are
 970  Prot|              will be darting out some notable saying, terse and full of
 971  Prot|               and of former ages have noted that the true Lacedaemonian
 972 Intro|              ascribed to preconceived notions of commentators, who imagine
 973  Prot|              private and public; and, notwithstanding, they have their sons taught
 974      | nowhere
 975  Prot|              him. And I could mention numberless other instances of persons
 976  Prot|               end of life. Mother and nurse and father and tutor are
 977  Prot|             into a temple and take an oath of the value of the instructions,
 978  Prot|           whether he is commanding or obeying; and he who transgresses
 979  Prot|          abstain from that. And if he obeys, well and good; if not,
 980  Prot|              life. And if you have no objection, as I said at first, I should
 981  Prot|           this would be a very simple observation, and quite unworthy of Simonides);
 982  Prot|           made these and some similar observations; but Protagoras would not
 983 Intro|                4) he is right also in observing that the virtues are not
 984 Intro|               of the adversary, first obtaining from him the admission that
 985  Prot|              anything that happens to occur to them?~I believe, I said,
 986 Intro|        applause of the audience.~Here occurs a sort of interlude, which
 987  Prot|              of sight of land into an ocean of words, but let there
 988  Prot|              have done with poems and odes, if he does not object,
 989  Prot|            evening, on my return from Oenoe whither I had gone in pursuit
 990 Intro|         likely that the reconcilement offered by Socrates is a caricature
 991  Prot|           learned. And if some person offers to give them advice who
 992  Prot|               lawgivers living in the olden time; these are given to
 993  Prot|              old as Simonides or even older. Learned as you are in many
 994  Prot|           branches; or I may instance olive oil, which is mischievous
 995  Prot|              bad player as freely and openly as every man now teaches
 996 Intro|               Athenians. He considers openness to be the best policy, and
 997 Intro|              shadows, and far-off and opposing points of view, and not
 998 Intro|           after many preparations and oppositions, both of the characters
 999  Prot|              one thing, and making an oration is quite another, in my
1000  Prot|           into the light of day, they ordered Prometheus and Epimetheus
1001  Prot|       reverence and justice to be the ordering principles of cities and
1002  Prot|           carry on by turns and in an orderly manner, even though they