Dialogue

   1 State|        direction?~STRANGER: Shall we abide by what we said at first,
   2 Intro|             sovereigns in virtue and ability. In certain states of the
   3 Intro|           comprehended in one of the above-mentioned classes. Thus they will
   4 Intro|             because their pilots are absolutely ignorant of the science
   5 Intro|        dialectic, which has begun to absorb him.~The plan of the Politicus
   6 Intro|         wanting to break through the abstraction and interrupt the law, in
   7 State|            before, the last and most absurd thing which he could say
   8 State|            earth gave them fruits in abundance, which grew on trees and
   9 State|            All that you say has been abundantly proved, and may therefore
  10 Intro|       instead of flying; that is, to accommodate himself to the actual state
  11 Intro|             the way of mesotomy, and accords with the principle which
  12 State|           also their match-maker and accoucheur; no one else knows that
  13 Intro|         requirement of an impossible accuracy in the use of terms, the
  14 State|             form, we have not as yet accurately worked out the true image
  15 State|             who pleases may be their accuser, and may lay to their charge,
  16 Intro|      interlace these is the crowning achievement of political science. In
  17 State|             one of those universally acknowledged,—the art of working in wool.~
  18 Intro|             for his tediousness, and acknowledges that the improvement of
  19 State|           believe themselves to have acquired the most perfect knowledge.~
  20 State|        Certainly.~STRANGER: Shall we add a fifth class, of ornamentation
  21 State|               and I suppose that you added the digression by way of
  22 Intro|     gathering from every nature some addition to their store of knowledge;—
  23 State|            all mankind is most of an adept at the airy life. (Plato
  24 Intro|         world we can form no true or adequate conception; and this our
  25 Intro|           and better elements, which adhere to the royal science, and
  26 State|          more ruinous error than any adherence to written law?~YOUNG SOCRATES:
  27 Intro|          higher than that which only administers them. And the science which
  28 State|              calm! How temperate! in admiration of the slow and quiet working
  29 Intro|              for his other myths, by adopting received traditions, of
  30 State|         division of the great art of adornment, may be all comprehended
  31 Intro|          proceed one or two steps in advance of public opinion. In all
  32 State|            on these points, upon the advice of persons skilled or unskilled,
  33 Intro|        education. Man should be well advised that he is only one of the
  34 Intro|           analogies are brought from afar which throw light on the
  35 Intro|              slender a hold upon the affections to be made the basis of
  36 State|        According to their respective affinities to either class of actions
  37 State|              me; for the one, as you affirm, has the cut of my ugly
  38 State|              the phenomenon which we affirmed to be the cause of all these
  39 Intro|              holds up the ideal, and affirms that in some sense science
  40 Intro|            feeling of the ills which afflict states. The condition of
  41 State|     attainment of the mean, seems to afford a grand support and satisfactory
  42 State|              precisely at first, but afterwords with less exactness. The
  43 State|             in the earth through the agency of other creative beings,
  44 State|       violence with wanting skill or aggravating his disease.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
  45 State|           universe, and of necessity agreeing with that in their mode
  46 State|         animals. While the world was aided by the pilot in nurturing
  47 State|              most of an adept at the airy life. (Plato is here introducing
  48 State|        STRANGER: In like manner, all alien and uncongenial matter has
  49 Intro|           differ in them, if we make allowance for the mythic character
  50 Intro|              there is less danger of allowing ourselves to be deluded
  51 State|          sort of oratory which is an ally of the royal art, and persuades
  52 State|           same uncertainty about the alphabet of things, and sometimes
  53 State|         reversal, which is the least alteration possible. For the lord of
  54 Intro|             he to be prohibited from altering his own laws? The common
  55 Intro|             Sicilian cities in their alternations of democratic excess and
  56 State|           this is the only remaining alternative) the world is guided at
  57 Intro|              of states seem to be an amplification of the ‘Cities will never
  58 Intro|             old tradition, which may amuse as well as instruct us;
  59 Intro|             who is not too old to be amused ‘with a tale which a child
  60 Intro|             Still less would any one analyze the nature of weaving for
  61 Intro|           guard—that is, an army—and announces himself as the saviour.~
  62 State|            is the reverse of what we anticipated.~YOUNG SOCRATES: Who are
  63 Intro|              their subjects;’ or the anticipation that the rivals of the king
  64 State|             always feel the greatest antipathy and antagonism towards one
  65 Intro|             years of Hadrian and the Antonines. The kings of Spain during
  66 State|            best show what you are so anxious to know. Tell me, then—~
  67 Intro|              Yet they are not so far apart as they appear: in his own
  68 Intro|            mind of the reader. Plato apologizes for his tediousness, and
  69 Intro|              others.—Having made our apology, we return once more to
  70 Intro|            same love of divisions is apparent in the Gorgias. But in a
  71 State|          contentious disputants, who appeal to popular opinion.~YOUNG
  72 State|     management of herds. To this you appeared rather too ready to answer
  73 State|             to offer. This, however, appertains rather to the husbandman,
  74 State|           the laws, while in reality appetite and ignorance are the motives
  75 State|               is not ‘care’ of herds applicable to all? For this implies
  76 Intro|            and of freedom; and their applications whether made by law or equity
  77 State|             with law or without law, applies to this as well as to the
  78 Intro|       measure, which we are now only applying to the arts, may be some
  79 State|            not reason just to now to apprehend, that although we may have
  80 Intro|           first time, of possessions appropriated by the labour of man, which
  81 State|              difference which may be appropriately employed by you and Theaetetus,
  82 State|             do what is now generally approved, although not the best thing
  83 Intro|               the Statesman seems to approximate in thought and language
  84 Intro|             Gorgias, but may be more aptly compared with the didactic
  85 State|           manner, and to exercise an arbitrary rule over their patients
  86 Intro|     superintending, like that of the architect or master-builder. And the
  87 State|              them, no one would have argued that there was no care of
  88 State|            king, of oligarchies, and aristocracies, and democracies,—because
  89 Intro|              have been themselves of aristocratic origin. The people are expecting
  90 Intro|          nature, upon which the puny arm of man hardly makes an impression.
  91 Intro|           the tale of Er, the son of Armenius, he touches upon the question
  92 Intro|             served in her fleets and armies. But though we sometimes
  93 Intro|          obtains a guard—that is, an army—and announces himself as
  94 Intro|           how the sun and stars once arose in the west and set in the
  95      | around
  96 Intro|              opinion. But however we arrange the order, or narrow the
  97 Intro|              idea of measure and the arrangement of the sciences supply connecting
  98 Intro|             are related also lend an artful aid. The profound interest
  99 State|    subtracted the manufacture of all articles made of flax and cords,
 100 Intro|          institutions cannot thus be artificially created, nor can the external
 101 Intro|               shall be called not an artist, but a dreamer, a prating
 102 Intro|              callida junctura’ of an artistic whole. Both the serious
 103 State|           subdivide accordingly, and ascribe to monarchy two forms and
 104 State|             play false and leave you ashore when the hour of sailing
 105 Intro|              answer that question by asking you whether the training
 106 Intro|           the narrative, the Eleatic asks his companion whether this
 107 State|        suspect that in this the real aspirants for the throne, who are
 108 State|        another, is a position easily assailable by contentious disputants,
 109 Intro|           this position is sometimes assailed by Eristics), and one part
 110 Intro|          profound interest and ready assent of the young Socrates, who
 111 Intro|             is also first distinctly asserted in the Statesman of Plato.
 112 State|               I mean that horses and asses naturally breed from one
 113 State|   prerogative of weaving, and though assigning a larger sphere to that,
 114 State|         night returning and becoming assimilated to the nature of a newly-born
 115 State|     persuades men to do justice, and assists in guiding the helm of States:—
 116 Intro|          rival of the statesman, but assumes his form. Plato sees that
 117 State|              also, and may have been assured by report, although you
 118 Intro|           wide asunder as the poles, astronomy and medicine, were naturally
 119 Intro|              which to us appear wide asunder as the poles, astronomy
 120 Intro|            violently carried away to atheism and injustice, and enslaving
 121 Intro|      position similar to that of the Athenian Stranger in the Laws.~VII.
 122 State|              other conditions of the atmosphere, contrary to the written
 123 Intro|           which positive laws may be attacked:—either from the side of
 124 Intro|              admitted to be the only attainable one in this world. The ‘
 125 Intro|              side of idealism, which attempts to soar above them,—and
 126 Intro|            servants; or the imposing attitude of the priests, who are
 127 Intro|          that the improvement of his audience has been his only aim in
 128 State|            aristocracy, which has an auspicious name, and oligarchy; and
 129 State|              is at once judicial and authoritative?~YOUNG SOCRATES: Yes.~STRANGER:
 130 Intro|  interpreters of the will of heaven, authorized by law. Nothing is more
 131 State|      prerogative, and they create an awful impression of themselves
 132 Intro|             same self-consciousness, awkwardness, and over-civility; and
 133 Intro|              are the most permanent.~b. Whether the best form of
 134 State|          think that we had better go backwards, starting from the end.
 135 Intro|              place of things. He has banished the poets, and is beginning
 136 Intro|      distinction between Hellene and Barbarian, and that the Phrygian would
 137 Intro|            still deeper decline into barbarism; (4) the restoration of
 138 Intro|          furnish gold, silver, wood, bark, and other materials, which
 139 State|              there is the process of barking and stripping the cuticle
 140 State|           wallowing in ignorance and baseness she bows under the yoke
 141 State|              defect; we have only to bear in mind that two divisions
 142      | becoming
 143 State|              the State is not like a beehive, and has no natural head
 144      | beforehand
 145 State|              them, and to ask on our behalf blessings in return from
 146 State|     incidental to the voyage, how to behave when encountering pirates,
 147 State|              this is their manner of behaving with all men at home, and
 148 Intro|            people according to their behest. When with the best intentions
 149      | behind
 150 Intro|      refusing to disturb the popular belief in them.~The greater interest
 151 State|              men, Socrates, who say, believing themselves to speak wisely,
 152 State|           may be classed together as belonging both to the art of wool-working,
 153 Intro|               and will not swerve or bend in extreme cases. It is
 154 Intro|           tyrant is converted into a beneficent king. The sophist too is
 155 State|     generally the regimen which will benefit the majority.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 156      | beside
 157 State|       between individuals by private betrothals and espousals. For most
 158      | beyond
 159 State|      naturally opposed, she seeks to bind and weave together in the
 160 Intro|             medicine which are to be binding on these professions for
 161 State|           dividing land animals into biped and quadruped; and since
 162 Intro|      Statesman and set him over the ‘bipes implume,’ and put the reins
 163 Intro|          previous decisions.~IV. The bitterness of the Statesman is characteristic
 164 Intro|             locks of the aged became black; the cheeks of the bearded
 165 Intro|         length of a discourse may be blamed; but who can say what is
 166 Intro|     legislator did not really take a blank tablet and inscribe upon
 167 State|           another time in another is blasphemy. Hence we must not say that
 168 Intro|              may reduce or fatten or bleed the body corporate, while
 169 Intro|          mode of treatment, burning, bleeding, lowering, fattening, if
 170 State|      clearness which is given by the blending of colours. Now to intelligent
 171 Intro|              in spite of law, and is blind with ignorance and passion,
 172 State|         herald, the interpreter, the boatswain, the prophet, and the numerous
 173 Intro|    courageous and the temperate, the bold and the gentle, who are
 174 Intro|            and the temperate, which, borrowing an expression derived from
 175 Intro|      speaking of the veritable slave bought with money, nor of the hireling
 176 State|              any affinity within the bounds of one similarity and embraced
 177 State|           ignorance and baseness she bows under the yoke of slavery.~
 178 State|              with making the lids of boxes and the fixing of doors,
 179 State|              true.~STRANGER: Yes, my boy, but that is not all; for
 180 State|           about generalship, and any branch of hunting, or about painting
 181 State|             them. Now both these are branches of the servile or ministerial
 182 State|           violation of the art, or a breach of the laws of health? Nothing
 183 Intro|           reconstructed. He now eats bread in the sweat of his brow,
 184 State|       measure number, length, depth, breadth, swiftness with their opposites;
 185 State|             drawn out lengthwise and breadthwise is said to be pulled out.~
 186 Intro|           condemned and punished for breaking the regulations. They even
 187 Intro|      knowledge, is also power, would breathe a new religious life into
 188 Intro|            bread in the sweat of his brow, and has dominion over the
 189 State|            partaking, is inclined to brutality. Is not that true?~YOUNG
 190 State|             with others of a similar build— and that, whatever shall
 191 State|          regarded as the work of the builder or of the weaver, rather
 192 State|    water-tight which are employed in building, and in general in carpentering,
 193 Intro|        impossible.~The statesman who builds his hope upon the aristocracy,
 194 State|            in States? Any other art, built on such a foundation and
 195 Intro|             state and have borne her burdens, and should have served
 196 State|          discord again held sway and burst forth in full glory; and
 197 State|              strengthen, but at last bursts forth into downright madness.~
 198 Intro|       religious life into the world.~c. Besides the imaginary rule
 199 Intro|        against them in the spirit of Callicles in the Gorgias; or from
 200 Intro|            thesis; there is not the ‘callida junctura’ of an artistic
 201 Intro|             the image of weaving, he calls the warp and the woof of
 202 Intro|           found an answer. Professor Campbell well observes, that the
 203 Intro|              will save them from the caprice of individuals. They are
 204 Intro|       indignant at the rogueries and caprices of physicians and pilots,
 205 Intro|        should kill their patients or captains cast away their ships, but
 206 State|        STRANGER: As thus: A piece of carded wool which is drawn out
 207 State|             hands, or by lot, and he caring nothing about the laws,
 208 State|            the Statesman, but of the carpenter, potter, and coppersmith.~
 209 State|             do so.~STRANGER: We must carve them like a victim into
 210 Intro|           and therefore they must be carved neatly, like the limbs of
 211 Intro|             to be governed. A ruling caste does not soon altogether
 212 Intro|         attainment of it. Aristotle, casting aside ideals, would place
 213 Intro|          falling under the two great categories of composition and division.
 214 Intro|             distinctions between God causing and permitting evil, and
 215 State|            the former in justice and caution, but has the power of action
 216 Intro|            of the ‘Cities will never cease from ill’ of the Republic.
 217 State|        sacrifices are supposed to be celebrated by him who has been chosen
 218 State|         change of the winds or other celestial influences, something else
 219 Intro|           rule of the Five Thousand— characterized by Thucydides as the best
 220 Intro|           and will also assist us in characterizing the political science, and
 221 State|            ruler, and set him like a charioteer in his place, and hand over
 222 Intro|              Sophists, the prince of charlatans, the most accomplished of
 223 Intro|           the play of humour and the charm of poetry have departed,
 224 Intro|              honest, but there is no check upon his dishonesty, and
 225 Intro|         infancy of philosophy, as in childhood, the language of pictures
 226 State|              you are not too old for childish amusement.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 227 State|            steps. But you should not chip off too small a piece, my
 228 Intro|          potter, or marble under the chisel of the sculptor. Great changes
 229 Intro|           intermarriages, and by the choice of rulers who combine both
 230 Intro|             the order, or narrow the circle of the dialogues, we must
 231 State|            making a long and useless circuit?~YOUNG SOCRATES: I thought,
 232 Intro|           why did we go through this circuitous process, instead of saying
 233 State|           and cannot away with their circumlocution, that he should not be in
 234 Intro|            growth of the arts and of civilised society. Two lesser features
 235 Intro|            opinion. In all stages of civilization human nature, after all
 236 State|         attaining this truth becomes civilized, and rendered more capable
 237 Intro|         wealth or power; or they are clannish, and choose those who are
 238 State|       separate the composite, may be classed together as belonging both
 239 Intro|        remains intractable,—not like clay in the hands of the potter,
 240 Intro|            in the last century or of clerical persecution in the Middle
 241 State|              and so the above legend clings to them.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 242 Intro|          aspects of the dialogue are closely connected with the dialectical.
 243 State|           force used in dressing the cloth,—the threads which are thus
 244 State|       process is a separation of the clotted and matted fibres?~YOUNG
 245 State|            pilot or physician, but a cloudy prating sophist;—further,
 246 Intro|           the dialogue opens; or the clumsy joke about man being an
 247 Intro|      government supposes a degree of co-operation in the ruler and his subjects,—
 248 State|              others, who were termed co-operators, have been got rid of among
 249 State|           most important part is the cobbler’s art.~YOUNG SOCRATES: Precisely.~
 250 Intro|           evidence, viz. the perfect coherence of the tale, though he is
 251 State|            remark that very singular coincidence.~STRANGER: And would you
 252 Intro|             distinguish him from the collateral species. To assist our imagination
 253 Intro|              is not yet enlivened by colour. And to intelligent persons
 254 State|            on triangular tablets and columns, or enacted although unwritten
 255 State|            arts which make spindles, combs, and other instruments of
 256 Intro|              city of pigs,’ as it is comically termed by Glaucon in the
 257 State|            to be better than what he commanded for some one.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 258 State|           the material for the work, commanding the subsidiary arts to execute
 259 State|       neither himself giving any new commandments, nor the patient daring
 260 State|        notice that a great error was committed at the end of our analysis.~
 261 Intro|            right prevails, sometimes communicated from the lower to the higher,
 262 State|             drawn the two minds into communion with one another by unanimity
 263 Intro|             any rule of law. For the compact which the law makes with
 264 Intro|             quaestio’ respecting the comparative happiness of men in this
 265 Intro|        though he is also aware that ‘comparisons are slippery things,’ and
 266 State|         STRANGER: But what, if while compelling all these operations to
 267 State|         whatever sex or age, whom he compels against his will to do something
 268 State|           with the herd and in close competition with the bird-catcher, who
 269 State|          with them, when he can only complain that they are tedious, but
 270 Intro|             dramatic character is so completely forgotten, that a special
 271 State|             wanting in clearness and completeness; for do not all those other
 272 Intro|            and the king or statesman completes the political web by marrying
 273 State|           may be more certain of the complexion of this remaining class.~
 274 Intro|            art of wool-working which composes, and of which one kind twists
 275 State|              of vessels, as they are comprehensively termed, which are constructed
 276 State|          process of royal weaving is comprised—never to allow temperate
 277 State|         simple or square or cube, or comprising motion,—I say, if all these
 278 State|            paths. Thus the soul will conceive of all kinds of knowledge
 279 Intro|          difficulties which arise in conceiving the relation of man to God
 280 State|              another question, which concerns not this argument only but
 281 Intro|              if they are regarded as condemnations of the interference with
 282 State|        STRANGER: The one kind is the conditional or co-operative, the other
 283 State|           such a foundation and thus conducted, would ruin all that it
 284 Intro|            paradox in some degree to confirm their genuineness. There
 285 State|         opposites, which is true and confirmed by reason, is a divine principle,
 286 Intro|            the exception to the law, conforms to fixed rules and lies
 287 Intro|           Zeus’ which is our own. To confuse the divine and human, or
 288 State|              elapsed, the tumult and confusion and earthquake ceased, and
 289 Intro|   arrangement of the sciences supply connecting links both with the Republic
 290 Intro|            in the myth. First in the connection with mythology;—he wins
 291 State|           most persons form marriage connexions without due regard to what
 292 Intro|       question of great interest—the consciousness of evil—what in the Jewish
 293 Intro|             virtue, there remain two considerations of opposite kinds which
 294 Intro|         greater interest of the myth consists in the philosophical lessons
 295 State|           influences, and no one can console and soothe his own herd
 296 Intro|         accident, on the notion of a constitutional monarchy, or of a monarchy
 297 Intro|      exercise which is suited to the constitutions of the majority? ‘The latter.’
 298 Intro|          does not trouble himself to construct a machinery by which ‘philosophers
 299 State|    comprehensively termed, which are constructed for the preservation of
 300 State|            want to know, whether any constructive art will make any, even
 301 State|         present order. From God, the constructor, the world received all
 302 Intro|            many interests have to be consulted that we are compelled to
 303 State|              and the greater part is consumed by him and his domestics;
 304 Intro|             formed, he turns away to contemplate the decline of the Greek
 305 State|             new remedy, although not contemplated in his former prescription?
 306 State|               although it was justly contended, that there was no human
 307 State|        position easily assailable by contentious disputants, who appeal to
 308 State|           not meetings for gymnastic contests in your city, such as there
 309 Intro|            of science, would not the continuance of such regulations be ridiculous?
 310 Intro|          things,’ hindering God from continuing immanent in the world. But
 311 Intro|        attempt to determine; he only contrasts the imperfection of law
 312 State|       special power, and was able to contribute some special experience
 313 State|          SOCRATES: Yes.~STRANGER: He contributes knowledge, not manual labour?~
 314 Intro|             to obtain the particular contribution of each to the store of
 315 Intro|             and the legislator is to contrive human bonds, by which dissimilar
 316 Intro|              in the Statesman may be conveniently embraced under six or seven
 317 State|               and also fall into the converse error of dividing other
 318 State|           with a view to philosophy, conversing with the brutes as well
 319 Intro|          brutal tyrant—the tyrant is converted into a beneficent king.
 320 Intro|              nature, and yet able to cope with them by divine help.
 321 State|          STRANGER: The laws would be copies of the true particulars
 322 State|           only be separated by fire,—copper, silver, and other precious
 323 State|           the carpenter, potter, and coppersmith.~YOUNG SOCRATES: I understand.~
 324 State|       similar arts which manufacture corks and papyri and cords, and
 325 State|              I said, let us make the correction and divide human care into
 326 Intro|            laws may be the sign of a corrupt and overcivilized state
 327 State|              the ground that he is a corrupter of the young, who would
 328 Intro|              a prating Sophist and a corruptor of youth; and if he try
 329 Intro|             Timaeus. The mythical or cosmical element reminds us of the
 330 State|             wizards, who must at any cost be separated from the true
 331 State|             no beds, but lay on soft couches of grass, which grew plentifully
 332 State|        experience, and the wisdom of counsellors who have graciously recommended
 333 State|         round by God in two opposite courses; or that two Gods, having
 334 Intro|         certainly the kindliness and courtesy of the earlier dialogues
 335 State|              or gentleness is called cowardice or sluggishness; and we
 336 Intro|              madness;’ of the other ‘cowardliness,’ or ‘sluggishness.’ And
 337 State|           carpentering, and in other crafts, and all such arts as furnish
 338 State|            of all the arts and their creations; would not the art of the
 339 Intro|            writer of fiction to give credibility to his tales, he is not
 340 State|          badness of their pilots and crews, who have the worst sort
 341 Intro|           interests. There have been crises in the history of nations,
 342 State|           they?~STRANGER: There is a criterion of voluntary and involuntary,
 343 Intro|    discussion of them is perpetually crossed by the other interest of
 344 Intro|            To interlace these is the crowning achievement of political
 345 State|               YOUNG SOCRATES: What a cruel fate!~STRANGER: And now
 346 Intro|       nations, as at the time of the Crusades or the Reformation, or the
 347 Intro|         though we sometimes hear the cry that we must ‘educate the
 348 State|          whether simple or square or cube, or comprising motion,—I
 349 Intro|              the process of division curious results are obtained. For
 350 State|            barking and stripping the cuticle of plants, and the currier’
 351 State|            one a speedier way, which cuts off a small portion and
 352 State|      THEODORUS: By Ammon, the god of Cyrene, Socrates, that is a very
 353 Intro|          best, but what is possible.~d. Law is the first principle
 354 Intro|              the pale will always be dangerous to those who are within,
 355 State|      navigation, and how to meet the dangers of winds and waves which
 356 State|        commandments, nor the patient daring to do otherwise than was
 357 State|              white locks of the aged darkened again, and the cheeks the
 358 Intro|             is (‘Was ist vernunftig, das ist wirklich’); and he ought
 359 State|     Statesman, if we are ever to see daylight in the present enquiry.~
 360 Intro|            and grimmer aspect: he is dealing with the reality of things,
 361 State|           good; you have paid me the debt,—I mean, that you have completed
 362 Intro|           chaos; ‘a muddy vesture of decay’ was a part of his original
 363 Intro|        within the limits of previous decisions.~IV. The bitterness of the
 364 State|             a great error. Again, we declared him to be the ruler of the
 365 State|              whom we call Statesmen, declaring that they themselves have
 366 State|              that, whatever shall be decreed by the multitude on these
 367 Intro|             their assembly they make decrees for regulating the practice
 368 State|            guilty of numberless evil deeds of the same kind; they intentionally
 369 State|          determine which of them you deem the happier?~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 370 State|          execute the works which she deems necessary for making the
 371 Intro|            of a State are to be laid deep in education (Republic),
 372 Intro|           fall of man; (3) the still deeper decline into barbarism; (
 373 Intro|            to arrive at truth. He is deeply impressed with the importance
 374 Intro|          figure of the king is still defective. We have taken up a lump
 375 Intro|   dispositions adapted to supply the defects of each other. As in the
 376 State|           being made for the sake of defence, may be truly called defences,
 377 State|          they were left helpless and defenceless, and were torn in pieces
 378 Intro|             a few of the reasons for defending the Sophist and Statesman
 379 Intro|              marriage and supply the deficiencies of one another. As in the
 380 Intro|           But what, Stranger, is the deficiency of which you speak?’ No
 381 State|             prevails, they become by degrees unwarlike, and bring up
 382 Intro|           found an expression in the deification of law: the ancient Stoic
 383 Intro|           either department is to be delegated. And let us further imagine,
 384 State|          reversed and grew young and delicate; the white locks of the
 385 Intro|            in which he takes greater delight than in processes of division (
 386 Intro|           the marvellous have always delighted to enlarge. And he is not
 387 Intro|       element in the Statesman which delights in reversing the accustomed
 388 State|             and some of them he will deliver in writing, and others will
 389 Intro|             allowing ourselves to be deluded by a figure of speech. The
 390 Intro|            less have we any right to demand this of him in his use of
 391 State|             places still. There were demigods, who were the shepherds
 392 State|               and aristocracies, and democracies,—because men are offended
 393 Intro|             in their alternations of democratic excess and tyranny, might
 394 State|            the middle, I should have demurred to your request; but now,
 395 State|         those words, in short, which denote a mean or standard removed
 396 Intro|             or elsewhere, wanting in denunciations of the incredulity of ‘this
 397 Intro|             the charm of poetry have departed, never to return.~Still
 398 Intro|            But in the first place it depends entirely on the personal
 399 Intro|              four different lines of descent we detect the Sophist. In
 400 State|      educated, whom we were just now describing.~YOUNG SOCRATES: Likely
 401 Intro|            designated by two equally descriptive titles—either the ‘Statesman,’
 402 State|         these divisions, Socrates, I descry what would make another
 403 Intro|            ourselves, but not wholly deserted by the gods, may contain
 404 State|             Stranger;—we got what we deserved.~STRANGER: Very well: Let
 405 State|              in a State, but if not, deservedly obtains the ignominious
 406 State|       command under such conditions, deserves to suffer any penalty.~STRANGER:
 407 State|              who cannot, we will not designate by any of the names which
 408 Intro|             dialogue might have been designated by two equally descriptive
 409 Intro|            that we gave too narrow a designation to the art which was concerned
 410 State|          path until we arrive at the desired summit. Shall we do as I
 411 State|             with the enquiry and not desist until he has found all the
 412 Intro|          help, he is not left wholly destitute; he has received from Athene
 413 Intro|           against them, and are soon destroyed by their enemies. But the
 414 Intro|            greatest of them, is most destructive to men and animals. At the
 415 Intro|         undoubted work of Plato. The detailed consideration of the genuineness
 416 Intro|        different lines of descent we detect the Sophist. In the Statesman
 417 State|             enact that if any one is detected enquiring into piloting
 418 Intro|             but for the great end of developing the dialectical method and
 419 Intro|          rest. These are some of the devices by which Plato, like a modern
 420 Intro|              than other classes, not devoid of a feeling of right, but
 421 Intro|              aptly compared with the didactic tale in which Protagoras
 422 Intro|             he has a general rule of diet and exercise which is suited
 423 State|              case, the royal science differed from the political?~YOUNG
 424 Intro|             Plato a statement of the difficulties which arise in conceiving
 425 Intro|             calm! how temperate! how dignified! This opposition of terms
 426 State|           suppose that you added the digression by way of interest. (Compare
 427 State|        action, which is created by a direct intertexture of the brave
 428 Intro|            There was a time when God directed the revolutions of the world,
 429 State|           the recurrence of any such disagreeables for the future.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 430 State|          king, and more difficult to discern; the examination of them
 431 State|              and small exist and are discerned in both these ways, and
 432 Intro|          older.’ A similar spirit is discernible in the remarkable expressions, ‘
 433 State|             now speaking; the art of discernment or division in wool and
 434 State|             art of calculation which discerns the differences of numbers
 435 Intro|             master gives a different discipline to each of his pupils, or
 436 State|            or are repeated only in a disconnected form; but the origin of
 437 Intro|             nor even meet for making discoveries, but for the great end of
 438 State|               Yes, Socrates, but the discovery, when once made, must be
 439 Intro|         Third Book of the Laws. Some discrepancies may be observed between
 440 State|            about seamanship or about diseases—whether as to the manner
 441 Intro|              the falling off was the disengagement of a former chaos; ‘a muddy
 442 State|            them with the greatest of disgraces.~YOUNG SOCRATES: That is
 443 Intro|      followed. He cannot contain his disgust at the contemporary statesmen,
 444 Intro|           there is no check upon his dishonesty, and his opinion can only
 445 State|            influenced by feelings of dislike.~YOUNG SOCRATES: How so?~
 446 State|             art of composition, and, dismissing the elements of division
 447 Intro|        decline is supposed to be the disorganisation of matter: the latent seeds
 448 Intro|              believe in them; age to disparage them. Plato’s ‘prudens quaestio’
 449 Intro|              to his tales, he is not disposed to insist upon their literal
 450 Intro|         There would have been little disposition to doubt the genuineness
 451 Intro|             by the inter-marriage of dispositions adapted to supply the defects
 452 State|            assailable by contentious disputants, who appeal to popular opinion.~
 453 State|           and in case any feeling of dissatisfaction should hereafter arise in
 454 State|       elements which had fallen into dissolution and disorder to the motion
 455 State|            fearing that all might be dissolved in the storm and disappear
 456 Intro|    Nicomachean Ethics, is also first distinctly asserted in the Statesman
 457 State|              led to observe that the distinguishing principle of the State cannot
 458 State|         either class of actions they distribute praise and blame,—praise
 459 State|      observing the one great rule of distributing justice to the citizens
 460 State|            of another class upon all diverging paths. Thus the soul will
 461 State|           perfected by practice, and divers others who have great skill
 462 State|          contented with the manifold diversities which are seen in a multitude
 463 State|         division?~STRANGER: Monarchy divides into royalty and tyranny;
 464 State|         horses, or tending herds, or divination, or any ministerial service,
 465 State|               for the priest and the diviner are swollen with pride and
 466 State|           this, as I was saying, the divinest?~YOUNG SOCRATES: Very true.~
 467 State|             custom, and knowledge is divorced from action, can we wonder,
 468 State|              consumed by him and his domestics; and the finale is that
 469 Intro|           sweat of his brow, and has dominion over the animals, subjected
 470 State|              boxes and the fixing of doors, being divisions of the
 471 Intro|     four-legged creatures, being the double of two feet, is the diameter
 472 Intro|            aspects of the Ideas were doubtless indicated to Plato’s own
 473 State|            at last bursts forth into downright madness.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 474 State|         STRANGER: And so our satyric drama has been played out; and
 475 Intro|            city are there fifty good draught players, and certainly there
 476 State|            as many really first-rate draught-players, if judged by the standard
 477 State|              ministerial service, or draught-playing, or any science conversant
 478 State|               STRANGER: Well, let us draw nearer, and try the claims
 479 Intro|           ages of the world men have dreamed of a state of perfection,
 480 Intro|          called not an artist, but a dreamer, a prating Sophist and a
 481 State|         think that I could have been dreaming when I imagined that the
 482 State|             contained,—every kind of dress, most sorts of arms, walls
 483 Intro|             or (4) defences, whether dresses, or arms, or walls, or (
 484 State|              degree of force used in dressing the cloth,—the threads which
 485 Intro|         reasoning impossible; and is driven by them out of the regions
 486 State|             individuals—not like the driver or groom of a single ox
 487 State|            had better let the matter drop, and give the reason why
 488 State|        compared with the keeper of a drove of horses or oxen.~YOUNG
 489 State|      painting or work of art: to the duller sort by works of art.~YOUNG
 490 Intro|           those who fulfil political duties? Then again, we know that
 491 State|             I think that we ought to dwell are the following:—~YOUNG
 492 Intro|           his mind. He is constantly dwelling on the importance of regular
 493 Intro|    differences not really important, e.g. in the myth, or in the account
 494 Intro|            connected in the minds of early thinkers, because there
 495 State|             my dear Theodorus, do my ears truly witness that this
 496 Intro|             at the present day among eastern rulers. But in the first
 497 Intro|         Jewish Scriptures is called ‘eating of the tree of the knowledge
 498 Intro|             is reconstructed. He now eats bread in the sweat of his
 499 Intro|            the answer is to the same effect, that morals must take care
 500 Intro|            little gentle violence in effecting the cure? Or shall we say,
 501 Intro|             the uncertainty of their effects would be increased tenfold.
 502 Intro|            render a benevolent power effectual. These means are not a mere