Dialogue

 503 Intro|             be so overpowered in the effort of thought as to impair
 504 Intro|          human nature, after all our efforts, remains intractable,—not
 505 State|             of their enterprises; in Egypt, the king himself is not
 506 State|             when sufficient time had elapsed, the tumult and confusion
 507 State|       Socrates, do you hear what the elder Socrates is proposing?~YOUNG
 508 Intro|              time. Suppose that they elect annually by vote or lot
 509 State|            lot; and that after their election they navigate vessels and
 510 Intro|             existence is intended to elicit this contrast between the
 511      | elsewhere
 512 State|          point at which the argument eluded our grasp, so in this we
 513 Intro|              classes. Thus they will embrace every species of property
 514 State|              are two vast divisions, embracing two very different spheres.~
 515 Intro|             questioned by three such eminent Platonic scholars as Socher,
 516 State|        determining whether we are to employ persuasion or force towards
 517 Intro|            And we observe that while employing all the resources of a writer
 518 Intro|             tale: the tale will also enable us to distinguish the divine
 519 State|              tablets and columns, or enacted although unwritten to be
 520 State|        another, will not be able, in enacting for the general good, to
 521 State|             sorts of arms, walls and enclosures, whether of earth or stone,
 522 State|           voyage, how to behave when encountering pirates, and what is to
 523 Intro|              and satyrs: the play is ended, and they may quit the political
 524 Intro|            destruction, but at their endurance. For they ought to have
 525 State|            the sick man or from some enemy of his, and puts him out
 526 State|             We speak of an action as energetic and brave, quick and manly,
 527 State|              are the rules which are enforced on their pupils by professional
 528 Intro|            law is not merely that it enforces honesty, but that it makes
 529 State|           the case of a child who is engaged in learning his letters:
 530 State|              he has written down and enjoined to be observed during his
 531 Intro|            of wealth, though not the enjoyment of it, has become diffused
 532 Intro|              outline, but is not yet enlivened by colour. And to intelligent
 533 State|             by any sort of favour or enmity, into deciding the suits
 534 State|              himself in, he must get enrolled in the priesthood. In many
 535 State|            ruin their native-land or enslave and subject it to its foes?~
 536 Intro|           atheism and injustice, and enslaving those who are wallowing
 537 Intro|             as time went on, discord entered in; at length the good was
 538 State|          there are two kinds of arts entering into everything which we
 539 State|            by the magnitude of their enterprises; in Egypt, the king himself
 540 Intro|        conception has sometimes been entertained by modern theologians, and
 541 Intro|            chaos are disengaged, and envelope all things. The condition
 542 State|          State, and who exchange and equalise the products of husbandry
 543 Intro|              Here, as in the tale of Er, the son of Armenius, he
 544 Intro|         first, in the disguise of an Eristic, secondly, of a false statesman.
 545 Intro|             is sometimes assailed by Eristics), and one part of virtue
 546 State|             Nor can wise rulers ever err while they observing the
 547 State|            showing us how greatly we erred in the delineation of the
 548 Intro|            the Sophist and Statesman especially we note that the discussion
 549 State|            by private betrothals and espousals. For most persons form marriage
 550 Intro|             the priests, who are the established interpreters of the will
 551 Intro|             government there were no estates, or private possessions,
 552 State|             witness that this is the estimate formed of them by the great
 553 Intro|             study of the Nicomachean Ethics, is also first distinctly
 554 State|              happen, like many other events of which ancient tradition
 555 State|            art, for it is evident to everybody.~YOUNG SOCRATES: Certainly.~
 556      | everywhere
 557 State|            difficult to discern; the examination of them may be compared
 558 State|             all our actions: we must examine it.~YOUNG SOCRATES: Yes,
 559 State|              namesake I have not yet examined, but I must. Another time
 560 State|              something exceeding and exceeded by the principle of the
 561 State|             of the seventh, for that excels them all, and is among States
 562 Intro|       dramatic power; the characters excite little or no interest, and
 563 State|            do you mean?~STRANGER: We exclaim How calm! How temperate!
 564 State|       clothes; they will dispute the exclusive prerogative of weaving,
 565 Intro|              is not a reason, but an excuse for not giving a reason (
 566 State|            are contained in him, and executing, as far as he remembered
 567 Intro|            king or statesman. In the execution of his plan Plato has invented
 568 Intro|              sort of mephitic vapour exhaling from some ancient chaos,—
 569 Intro|             would include all and so exhaust the political situation.~
 570 Intro|              we must admit that they exhibit a growth and progress in
 571 Intro|     dialogues the Proteus Sophist is exhibited, first, in the disguise
 572 Intro|         classification. There we are exhorted not to fall into the common
 573 State|             gets rid of by death and exile, and punishes them with
 574 State|            State by killing some, or exiling some; whether they reduce
 575 Intro|       customs which he found already existing in a half-civilised state
 576 State|               Where this divine bond exists there is no difficulty in
 577 State|        tediousness which we may have experienced in the discussion about
 578 Intro|             the nature of example is explained by an example. The child
 579 Intro|              and appears only as the expositor of a political ideal, in
 580 Intro|     metaphysical pursuits more truly expressed than in the words, —‘The
 581 State|   dialecticians, and more capable of expressing the truth of things; about
 582 Intro|        discernible in the remarkable expressions, ‘the long and difficult
 583 Intro|              found in the Laws. Both expressly recognize the conception
 584 Intro|           spontaneous, and is due to exquisite perfection of balance, to
 585 State|          question.~STRANGER: We must extend our enquiry to all those
 586 State|           destruction of them, which extends also to the life of man;
 587 State|        different from these and very extensive, moving or resting on land
 588 Intro|            every class, to a certain extent, a natural sense of right
 589 Intro|           people as well as in their externals. The ancient legislator
 590 Intro|           Platonic philosophy is not extinguished. He is still looking for
 591 State|           the case of the Sophist we extorted the inference that not-being
 592 State|            standard removed from the extremes.~YOUNG SOCRATES: Here are
 593 State|           freemen, binds them in one fabric and governs and presides
 594 State|           against winter cold, which fabricates woollen defences, and has
 595 Intro|          likely be right, are apt to fail in seeing the differences
 596 Intro|           the imperfection of law in failing to meet the varieties of
 597 Intro|             lesser error also in our failure to define the nature of
 598 Intro|             he is living. There is a fallacy, too, in comparing unchangeable
 599 State|            them, and think and speak falsely of them.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 600 Intro|            modern novelist, seeks to familiarize the marvellous.~The myth,
 601 Intro|              private possessions, or families; but the earth produced
 602 State|              need not mind about the fancies of others?~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 603 Intro|           perfect in virtue, who was fancifully said to be a king; but neither
 604 Intro|          true governor may reduce or fatten or bleed the body corporate,
 605 Intro|         burning, bleeding, lowering, fattening, if he only proceeds scientifically:
 606 State|              some other way, or even fattens his patients, is a physician
 607 Intro|         things; and then again is at fault and unable to recognize
 608 Intro|          governors the conception is faulty for two reasons, neither
 609 State|            again have recourse to my favourite images; through them, and
 610 State|           not perverted by gifts, or fears, or pity, or by any sort
 611 State|         bipeds into those which have feathers and those which have not,
 612 Intro|               and other animals of a feebler sort, who are ever changing
 613 State|           can divide the herds which feed on dry land?~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 614 State|              to be the sole and only feeder and physician of his herd;
 615 State|           classes exist, they always feel the greatest antipathy and
 616 State|         being too much influenced by feelings of dislike.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 617 State|           him; and just now I myself fell into this mistake—at first
 618 State|           preserves the lives of his fellow-sailors, even so, and in the self-same
 619 State|           arts by Hephaestus and his fellow-worker, Athene, seeds and plants
 620 State|         separated off the process of felting and the putting together
 621 Intro|          that, if our words had been fewer, they would have been better
 622 State|         still reserve a considerable field for themselves.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 623 State|           beasts, who were naturally fierce and had now grown wild.
 624 State|             STRANGER: Shall we add a fifth class, of ornamentation
 625 State|             galleys, if they have to fight with others of a similar
 626 Intro|             his use of mythology and figures of speech. And we observe
 627 Intro|          society.~The outline may be filled up as follows:—~SOCRATES:
 628 State|           and his domestics; and the finale is that he receives money
 629 Intro|          restored to their youth and fineness; the young men grew softer
 630 Intro|              request the Stranger to finish the argument...~The Stranger
 631 Intro|           might be expected, is less finished, and less worked out in
 632 State|             spindle, and made into a firm thread, is called the warp,
 633 Intro|             the threads, whether the firmer texture of the warp or the
 634 State|       sometimes and in some cases is firmly fixed by the truth in each
 635 State|           that number as many really first-rate draught-players, if judged
 636 Intro|           have probably heard of the fish-preserves in the Nile and in the ponds
 637 State|             them—of the preserves of fishes in the Nile, and in the
 638 Intro|             the one may be by nature fitted to govern and the other
 639 State|              some of the judges must fix what he is to suffer or
 640 Intro|         science of government, which fixes the limits of all the rest.
 641 Intro|          prejudices may sometimes be flattered and yielded to for the sake
 642 State|              of all articles made of flax and cords, and all that
 643 Intro|      thoughts of youth and love have fled away, and we are no longer
 644 Intro|            should have served in her fleets and armies. But though we
 645 Intro|            sciences has already been floating before us in the Symposium
 646 Intro|           The two classes thrive and flourish at first, but they soon
 647 State|      distinguish between those which fly and those which walk.~YOUNG
 648 Intro|              circumstances. Plato is fond of picturing the advantages
 649 State|               And on account of this fondness of theirs for peace, which
 650 Intro|             will or will not be is a foolish one, for who can tell?’
 651 State|              them may, with a little forcing, be placed among ornaments,
 652 State|            of keeping the peace with foreign States. And on account of
 653 Intro|        proceeded from the hands of a forger.~2. The resemblances in
 654 State|              there was more and more forgetting, and the old discord again
 655 Intro|      division into tame and wild. We forgot this in our hurry to arrive
 656 State|            rivals of the king in the formation of the political web, will
 657      | formerly
 658 State|             another; and out of them forming one smooth and even web,
 659 State|               I shall venture to put forward a strange theory about them.~
 660 Intro|           ruling by laws.~The divine foundations of a State are to be laid
 661 State|             them, like ships at sea, founder from time to time, and perish
 662 Intro|           two feet; and the power of four-legged creatures, being the double
 663 State|         STRANGER: And is there not a fourth class which is again different,
 664 Intro|          subject in the Statesman is fragmentary, and the shorter and later
 665 Intro|            be effected.~In the loose framework of a single dialogue Plato
 666 Intro|        listen to a proposal that the franchise should be confined to the
 667 Intro|             subject of necessity and free-will. The words in which he describes
 668 Intro|       texture, and in this enfolding freeman and slave and every other
 669 State|              sea and cast away their freight; and are guilty of other
 670 Intro|              the Reformation, or the French Revolution, when the same
 671 State|              are commonly said to be friendly to one another.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 672 State|             another by unanimity and friendship, and having perfected the
 673 State|            sort, the earth gave them fruits in abundance, which grew
 674 Intro|              is excess, unless he is furnished with a measure or standard?
 675 State|          done with the old-fashioned galleys, if they have to fight with
 676 State|            us now reflect and try to gather from what has been said
 677 State|             are they? You seem to be gazing on some strange vision.~
 678 Intro|      reminded that in any process of generalization, there may be more than
 679 State|            were ordained to grow and generate and give nourishment, as
 680 Intro|        degenerate. As in the Book of Genesis, the first fall of man is
 681 State|               when untempered by the gentler nature during many generations,
 682 State|            other governments are not genuine or real; but only imitations
 683 Intro|                Having discovered the genus under which the king falls,
 684 Intro|              to distinguish them? To geometricians, like you and Theaetetus,
 685 State|         insolence and injustice, she gets rid of by death and exile,
 686 State|             think that we seem to be getting on the right track; for
 687 State|            of every nature which was gifted with any special power,
 688 Intro|            it is comically termed by Glaucon in the Republic, and the
 689 State|         animals to their own special glorification, at the same time jumbling
 690 State|            violently carried away to godlessness and insolence and injustice,
 691 Intro|           The Statesman has lost the grace and beauty of the earlier
 692 Intro|           tended by the Muses or the Graces. We do not venture to say
 693 State|              of counsellors who have graciously recommended them and persuaded
 694 Intro|          with the description of the gradual rise of a new society in
 695 Intro|          their divine instincts, but gradually degenerate. As in the Book
 696 State|              intended to improve his grammatical knowledge of that particular
 697 State|           error on a much larger and grander scale.~YOUNG SOCRATES: What
 698 State|              the argument eluded our grasp, so in this we must endeavour
 699 State|             The idea which has to be grasped by us is not easy or familiar;
 700 State|           but lay on soft couches of grass, which grew plentifully
 701 Intro|         State may be the occasion of grave disorders, and may disturb
 702 Intro|             as well as in truth. The gravity and minuteness with which
 703 State|          regard to the relativity of greatness and smallness to each other;
 704 Intro|             and to others. Among the Greeks as among the Jews, law was
 705 State|         children of the earth became grey and died and sank into the
 706 Intro|             and the young men became greyheaded; no longer did the animals
 707 Intro|             world under a harder and grimmer aspect: he is dealing with
 708 State|         changes, and ever living and growing, at one time in one manner,
 709 State|         naturally fierce and had now grown wild. And in the first ages
 710 State|         principle?~STRANGER: The one grows horns; and the other is
 711 Intro|      speaking generally, the slowest growths, both in nature and in politics,
 712 Intro|       Creator, under whose immediate guidance, while he remained in that
 713 State|              a time when God himself guides and helps to roll the world
 714 State|              justice, and assists in guiding the helm of States:—How
 715 State|            you have not meetings for gymnastic contests in your city, such
 716 Intro|              by the hundred years of Hadrian and the Antonines. The kings
 717 Intro|          found already existing in a half-civilised state of society: these
 718 Intro|       Sophist and Politicus to stand halfway between the Republic and
 719 State|           divided, just as you might halve an even number.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 720 State|           carpentering and all other handicrafts, the knowledge of the workman
 721 State|         separated him from those who hang about him and claim to share
 722 State|           being informed of what was happening, let go the parts of the
 723 Intro|       inductive philosophy been more happily indicated than in the words
 724 Intro|           regime, he finds the world hard to move. A succession of
 725 State|              the same is at once the hardest and the easiest.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 726 State|            and others may be made to harmonize with the class of implements.
 727 State|            laws—the expression has a harsh sound.~STRANGER: You have
 728 State|             man; and this led you to hasten the steps. But you should
 729 State|            of all disorders the most hateful.~YOUNG SOCRATES: To what
 730 Intro|          embraced under six or seven heads:—(1) the myth; (2) the dialectical
 731 State|            they navigate vessels and heal the sick according to the
 732 State|           navigated their vessels or healed their patients according
 733 State|            the laws; and as touching healing and health and piloting
 734 State|              only does them good and heals and saves them. And this
 735 State|            that this course only was healthy and medicinal, all others
 736 Intro|              with a divine cord in a heaven-born nature, and then fastening
 737 Intro|             attain to science? In no Hellenic city are there fifty good
 738 State|          when God himself guides and helps to roll the world in its
 739 Intro|            if they are bad.’ For, as Heracleitus says, ‘One is ten thousand
 740      | herself
 741 Intro|          mixed motives, no one would hesitate to answer—‘The rule of all
 742 Intro|              vision of some order or hierarchy of ideas or sciences has
 743 State|         which I hastily threw out is highly important, even if we leave
 744 Intro|            in the nature of things,’ hindering God from continuing immanent
 745 Intro|         elements as yet were not, is hinted at both in the Timaeus and
 746 Intro|        bought with money, nor of the hireling who lets himself out for
 747 State|            men whom we see acting as hirelings and serfs, and too happy
 748 Intro|       Timaeus and Critias, is rather historical than poetical, in this respect
 749 State|        Socrates, that is a very fair hit; and shows that you have
 750 Intro|            we in our simplicity have hitherto confounded them.~And yet
 751 State|            leisure, and the power of holding intercourse, not only with
 752 State|          knowledge to act justly and holily to all; they fancy that
 753 Intro|             of God as wisdom, truth, holiness, and also as the wise, true,
 754 Intro|          also as the wise, true, and holy one. He is always wanting
 755 Intro|              merely that it enforces honesty, but that it makes men act
 756 State|              groom of a single ox or horse; he is rather to be compared
 757 Intro|              tyrant,’ but gentle and humane, capable of being altered
 758 State|         contend with the herdsmen of humanity, whom we call Statesmen,
 759 Intro|            of the Hellene is further humbled, by being compared to a
 760 Intro|              an opportunity for many humorous and satirical remarks. Several
 761 Intro|     dialogues generally, the play of humour and the charm of poetry
 762 Intro|            were to perish, should we hunger any more, or thirst any
 763 State|       generalship, and any branch of hunting, or about painting or imitation
 764 State|       introducing a new suddivision, i.e. that of bipeds into men
 765 Intro|              But he soon falls, like Icarus, and is content to walk
 766 Intro|       Example comes into use when we identify something unknown with that
 767 Intro|        degenerate into a new kind of idolatry. Neither criticism nor experience
 768 State|               deservedly obtains the ignominious name of silliness.~YOUNG
 769 Intro|             government of the world.~II. The dialectical interest
 770 Intro|           rational account of them?’~III. The political aspects of
 771 Intro|        touched with a feeling of the ills which afflict states. The
 772 Intro|        nature of example can only be illustrated by an example. Children
 773 Intro|             of the suggestiveness of imagery; the general analogy of
 774 Intro|    collateral species. To assist our imagination in making this separation,
 775 State|           again. All things changed, imitating and following the condition
 776 Intro|               and not in those of an imitator, being too subtle and minute
 777 State|              and, being the greatest imitators and magicians, they are
 778 Intro|              problems are to us. The immanence of things in the Ideas,
 779 Intro|        hindering God from continuing immanent in the world. But there
 780 State|        rational account of them; for immaterial things, which are the noblest
 781 Intro|              effort of thought as to impair his style; at least his
 782 State|            in the old tradition were imparted to man by the gods, together
 783 Intro|        Lydian. Plato glories in this impartiality of the dialectical method,
 784 Intro|             of a nation, when viewed impartially, to be on a level with each
 785 State|             all such arts as furnish impediments to thieving and acts of
 786 Intro|             divine friend. While the impersonal has too slender a hold upon
 787 State|              all arts which make any implement in a State, whether great
 788 State|              case, there was already implied a division of all animals
 789 Intro|              set him over the ‘bipes implume,’ and put the reins of government
 790 State|          able to do this, would have imposed upon himself the restriction
 791 Intro|            language might be termed ‘impossibilities in the nature of things,’
 792 Intro|        arrive at truth. He is deeply impressed with the importance of classification:
 793 Intro|             philosophy, on which the improbabilities of the tale may be said
 794 Intro|             is not to be regarded as impugning the genuineness of any particular
 795 Intro|              and destiny and natural impulse swayed the world. At the
 796 Intro|            however, that there is no inappropriateness in his maintaining the character
 797 Intro|                but in a confused and inartistic manner, which fails to produce
 798 Intro|      exterminating natures which are incapable of education (compare Laws).
 799 Intro|             possibility of good, and incident to the mixed state of man.~
 800 Intro|           forms of thought, and made incidentally many valuable remarks. Questions
 801 State|            be his mode of treatment,—incision, burning, or the infliction
 802 State|         natures. Are they not always inciting their country to go to war,
 803 State|    temperance, or any other virtuous inclination, and, from the necessity
 804 State|           the other hand those which incline to order and gentleness,
 805 State|            weaving clothes, which an incompetent person might fancy to have
 806 Intro|          laws of nature; the idea is inconceivable to us and at variance with
 807 Intro|             world. But there is some inconsistency; for the ‘letting go’ is
 808 Intro|            does not keep up with the increasing difficulty of his theme.
 809 Intro|              in denunciations of the incredulity of ‘this latter age,’ on
 810 State|              violence is that he has incurred disgrace or evil or injustice
 811 State|              their chief aim, and to indicate their error.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 812 State|              not courage, but a name indicative of order.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 813 State|              inform against him, and indict him in some court, and then
 814 Intro|  illustration:—Suppose that mankind, indignant at the rogueries and caprices
 815 Intro|        present I am content with the indirect proof that the existence
 816 State|        teaching and education as was indispensable; fire was given to them
 817 State|      generations, is apt to grow too indolent, and at last to become utterly
 818 Intro|             has the spirit of modern inductive philosophy been more happily
 819 Intro|           century left the people an inert and unchanged mass. The
 820 Intro|          motto of his style: like an inexpert statuary he has made the
 821 Intro|         generation was reversed; the infants grew into young men, and
 822 State|          YOUNG SOCRATES: So I should infer from what has now been said.~
 823 Intro|         until we have arrived at the infima species.~These precepts
 824 State|            incision, burning, or the infliction of some other pain,—whether
 825 State|             the supreme power, being informed of what was happening, let
 826 State|        contrary to the laws, and any infringement of them should be punished
 827 State|           opportunity for taking the initiative in matters of the greatest
 828 State|              view; and then Fate and innate desire reversed the motion
 829 Intro|              take a blank tablet and inscribe upon it the rules which
 830 Intro|         these he reduced to form and inscribed on pillars; he defined what
 831 Intro|            there is no difficulty in inserting the lesser human bonds,
 832 Intro|         political as well as logical insight in refusing to admit the
 833 Intro|         tales, he is not disposed to insist upon their literal truth.
 834 Intro|      ignorant brute of a tyrant, who insists always on his commands being
 835 State|              away to godlessness and insolence and injustice, she gets
 836 State|            reference to our previous instances.~YOUNG SOCRATES: What do
 837 Intro|        swayed the world. At the same instant all the inferior deities
 838 Intro|            world retain their divine instincts, but gradually degenerate.
 839 Intro|            of reforming mankind. But institutions cannot thus be artificially
 840 Intro|           which may amuse as well as instruct us; the narrative is perfectly
 841 State|             all lawful educators and instructors, and having this queenly
 842 State|             and quiet working of the intellect, and of steadiness and gentleness
 843 State|           and those which are purely intellectual.~YOUNG SOCRATES: Let us
 844 State|            the whole truth, nor very intelligible; but still it was true,
 845 State|     afterwards from lesser things we intend to pass to the royal class,
 846 State|         deeds of the same kind; they intentionally play false and leave you
 847 Intro|           behest. When with the best intentions the benevolent despot begins
 848 Intro|             states are formed by the inter-marriage of dispositions adapted
 849 State|             and the power of holding intercourse, not only with men, but
 850 Intro|            who was both ignorant and interested, and who perverted the law:
 851 Intro|            to suppose that there are interferences with the laws of nature;
 852 Intro|             providence who is always interfering with and regulating all
 853 Intro|            woof of human society. To interlace these is the crowning achievement
 854 Intro|            kind twists and the other interlaces the threads, whether the
 855 Intro|          honours and reputations, by intermarriages, and by the choice of rulers
 856 Intro|           statesman. And here I will interpose a question: What are the
 857 Intro|         forms in which he would have interpreted his own parable.~He touches
 858 State|           the art of the herald, the interpreter, the boatswain, the prophet,
 859 Intro|         language of facts;’ and ‘the interrogation of every nature, in order
 860 Intro|          through the abstraction and interrupt the law, in order that he
 861 Intro|            of which he is frequently interrupted by purely logical illustrations.
 862 State|             do better when they have intervals of rest.~SOCRATES: I think,
 863 State|        portion may with advantage be interwoven, and then we may resume
 864 State|             the argument has already intimated, will be our duty.~STRANGER:
 865 Intro|             all our efforts, remains intractable,—not like clay in the hands
 866 State|              them, you will find the intricacy too great.~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 867 Intro|           and on the ground of their intrinsic excellence, as an undoubted
 868 Intro|             deciding questions would introduce an element of uncertainty
 869 State|              them; for if you try to invent names for them, you will
 870 Intro|          sometimes out of place. The invincible Socrates is withdrawn from
 871 Intro|           principle is to assert the inviolability of the law, which, though
 872 Intro|             ancient chaos,—there, as involved in the possibility of good,
 873 Intro|            Parmenides, and Philebus, involves the fate of these dialogues,
 874 Intro|         passages which show that the irony of Socrates was a lesson
 875 State|             actions, and the endless irregular movements of human things,
 876 Intro|           scientific rulers, who are irresponsible to their subjects. Not power
 877 State|              training-masters do not issue minute rules for individuals,
 878 Intro|        limits of previous decisions.~IV. The bitterness of the Statesman
 879 Intro|    consciousness of evil—what in the Jewish Scriptures is called ‘eating
 880 Intro|              the Greeks as among the Jews, law was a sacred name,
 881 State|             whether you can find any joint or parting in knowledge.~
 882 Intro|           were to appear, they would joyfully hand over to him the reins
 883 State|           character which is at once judicial and authoritative?~YOUNG
 884 State|      glorification, at the same time jumbling together all the others,
 885 Intro|            there is not the ‘callida junctura’ of an artistic whole. Both
 886 State|              compelled to do what is juster and better and nobler than
 887 Intro|          gift of expression does not keep up with the increasing difficulty
 888 State|              to be compared with the keeper of a drove of horses or
 889 State|            ready to find some way of keeping the peace with foreign States.
 890 Intro|          evil that physicians should kill their patients or captains
 891 State|              they purge the State by killing some, or exiling some; whether
 892 Intro|           old age, but certainly the kindliness and courtesy of the earlier
 893 State|  comprehending in our definition the kingship of to-day and the rule of
 894 State|              look-out to recognize a kinsman by the style of his conversation.
 895 Intro|             asked with a view to his knowing the same letters in all
 896 Intro|           the jests are mannered and laboured: for example, the turn of
 897 Intro|     foundations of a State are to be laid deep in education (Republic),
 898 Intro|             in the Middle Ages. But ‘laissez-faire’ is not the best but only
 899 State|           them have been lost in the lapse of ages, or are repeated
 900 State|            of weaving, at least that largest portion of it which was
 901 State|             a connexion as this will lastingly unite the evil with one
 902 Intro|             other writings of Plato; lastly (7), we may briefly consider
 903 Intro|       disorganisation of matter: the latent seeds of a former chaos
 904 Intro|           animals. Plato cannot help laughing (compare Theaet.) when he
 905 Intro|            the Phaedrus, he secretly laughs at such stories while refusing
 906 Intro|             act in the spirit of the law-giver. But then, as we have seen,
 907 Intro|        without law.’~I must explain: Law-making certainly is the business
 908 State|            creation,’ ‘worthiest and laziest of creation.’)~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 909 State|            class are always ready to lead a peaceful life, quietly
 910 Intro|            in modern times, that the leaders of the democracy have been
 911 Intro|    determines whether music is to be learnt or not, and this is different
 912 Intro|          while on the other hand the leaven of the mob can hardly affect
 913 State|              off a small portion and leaves a large; the other agrees
 914 Intro|              of it were placed under legal regulation. It may be a
 915 State|         improvement, and then he may legislate, but not otherwise.~YOUNG
 916 State|               the next best thing in legislating is not to allow either the
 917 Intro|         particulars are related also lend an artful aid. The profound
 918 State|              wool which is drawn out lengthwise and breadthwise is said
 919 Intro|              irony of Socrates was a lesson which Plato was not slow
 920 Intro|              inconsistency; for the ‘letting go’ is spoken of as a divine
 921 Intro|              body, and are therefore liable to perturbation. In the
 922 Intro|             as another, and that the liberties of no class are safe in
 923 State|            concerned with making the lids of boxes and the fixing
 924 Intro|          conforms to fixed rules and lies for the most part within
 925 State|         SOCRATES: That is a hope not lightly to be renounced.~STRANGER:
 926 State|          rich only, that anybody who likes, whatever may be his calling,
 927 State|          different from courage; and likewise to be a part of virtue?~
 928 Intro|              or modern state, such a limitation is practicable or desirable;
 929 State|           and this again was further limited to the management of them
 930 Intro|          with pretenders in the same line with him, under their various
 931 Intro|              until in four different lines of descent we detect the
 932 Intro|              mind there was a secret link of connexion between them.
 933 State|          being written down from the lips of those who have knowledge?~
 934 State|       finding, as I do, such a ready listener in you: when children are
 935 State|      yesterday, and I have just been listening to his answers; my namesake
 936 Intro|        disposed to insist upon their literal truth. Rather, as in the
 937 State|           has, if I am not mistaken, literally nothing to do with the royal
 938 State|              should always be on the look-out to recognize a kinsman by
 939 Intro|            is to be effected.~In the loose framework of a single dialogue
 940 State|           the threads which are more loosely spun, having a softness
 941 Intro|           texture of the warp or the looser texture of the woof. These
 942 State|           step up to this point, not losing the idea of science, but
 943 Intro|            latter age,’ on which the lovers of the marvellous have always
 944 Intro|        treatment, burning, bleeding, lowering, fattening, if he only proceeds
 945 Intro|           antagonism between them is ludicrous, but in the State may be
 946 Intro|              good deal of meaning is lurking in the expression—‘There
 947 Intro|            compared to a Phrygian or Lydian. Plato glories in this impartiality
 948 State|          return of the dead, who are lying in the earth, to life; simultaneously
 949 Intro|        summed up in the words of the Lysis: ‘If evil were to perish,
 950 Intro|       trouble himself to construct a machinery by which ‘philosophers shall
 951 Intro|           degenerate; the one become mad, and the other feeble and
 952 State|         parting off the whole of the magic art which is concerned with
 953 State|           the greatest imitators and magicians, they are also the greatest
 954 State|              assigned to the highest magistracies, and here, at Athens, the
 955 Intro|          that when the term of their magistracy has expired, the magistrates
 956 Intro|             is assigned to the chief magistrate, as at Athens to the King
 957 Intro|          magistracy has expired, the magistrates appointed by them are summoned
 958 State|            of haste, partly out of a magnanimous desire to expose our former
 959 State|      impression of themselves by the magnitude of their enterprises; in
 960 Intro|              suspicion of them seems mainly to rest on a presumption
 961 Intro|      influenced by the stars, or who maintained that some one principle,
 962 Intro|             they have knowledge, are maintainers of idols, and themselves
 963 State|         continually gives orders and maintains authority over the carders
 964 State|              whole body, towards the maintenance of his empire, compared
 965 Intro|         whether poor or rich, can be makers of laws. And so, the nearest
 966 State|            and any whom he wishes to maltreat he maltreats—cutting or
 967 State|             he wishes to maltreat he maltreats—cutting or burning them;
 968 State|            subdivision is the art of man-herding,—this has to do with bipeds,
 969 Intro|             all dispute his right to manage the flock. I think that
 970 State|             divide the science which manages pedestrian animals into
 971 Intro|             Several of the jests are mannered and laboured: for example,
 972 Intro|           advantage in education and manners, the middle and lower in
 973 State|       distinction similar to that of manufacturer and retail dealer, which
 974 State|     preceding comparison we spoke of manufacturers, or sellers for themselves,
 975 Intro|              hands of the potter, or marble under the chisel of the
 976 State|            arts, some sitting in the market-place, others going from city
 977 State|              as far as they can they marry and give in marriage exclusively
 978 Intro|             here we have the idea of master-arts, or sciences which control
 979 Intro|              we forget her,’ another master-science for the first time appears
 980 State|        science is not like that of a master-workman, a science presiding over
 981 State|           his herd; he is also their match-maker and accoucheur; no one else
 982 Intro|          admitted to be the trainer, matchmaker, doctor, musician of his
 983 Intro|           action; arithmetic and the mathematical sciences are examples of
 984 State|           wealth and power, which in matrimony are objects not worthy even
 985 State|        separation of the clotted and matted fibres?~YOUNG SOCRATES:
 986      | meanwhile
 987 Intro|        physician may be said to have medical science and to be a physician,
 988 State|          course only was healthy and medicinal, all others noxious and
 989 State|            for the majority, roughly meeting the cases of individuals;
 990 State|            ask, whether you have not meetings for gymnastic contests in
 991 Intro|             states. The condition of Megara before and during the Peloponnesian
 992 State|            from the earth, having no memory of the past. And although
 993 State|              of a diameter. (Compare Meno.)~YOUNG SOCRATES: What do
 994 Intro|              the Phaedo; the passing mention of economical science; the
 995 Intro|              of the world, a sort of mephitic vapour exhaling from some
 996 State|          knowledge of the workman is merged in his work; he not only
 997 State|             science. And he is their merry-maker and musician, as far as
 998 Intro|          longer, which is the way of mesotomy, and accords with the principle
 999 State|           silver, and other precious metal; these are at last refined
1000 State|              gold, silver, and other metals, and all that wood-cutting
1001 State|             and all that we just now metaphorically termed the sinews of plants,
1002 Intro|              of all things; given by metaphysics better than the Eleatic