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The Apology
Part
1 Intro| commends Evenus for teaching virtue at such a ‘moderate’ rate
2 Intro| all ages the necessity of virtue and improvement; and if
3 Intro| appear to prefer riches to virtue, or to think themselves
4 Text | them in their own proper virtue and excellence; but as they
5 Text | understands human and political virtue? You must have thought about
6 Text | if I think that he has no virtue in him, but only says that
7 Text | the soul. I tell you that virtue is not given by money, but
8 Text | by money, but that from virtue comes money and every other
9 Text | exhorting you to regard virtue; such conduct, I say, would
10 Text | and courage, and any other virtue, demean themselves in this
11 Text | look to himself, and seek virtue and wisdom before he looks
12 Text | daily to discourse about virtue, and of those other things
13 Text | anything, more than about virtue; or if they pretend to be
Charmides
Part
14 PreS | soul and its qualities, of virtue, power, wisdom, and the
15 Intro| relegated to the sphere of moral virtue, as in the Nicomachean Ethics
16 Intro| Dialogue he is a pattern of virtue, and is therefore in no
17 Intro| learned to practise the virtue of self-knowledge which
18 Intro| the questions, whether virtue can be taught; whether the
19 Intro| relations of knowledge and virtue are again brought forward
20 Text | as famous for beauty and virtue and all other high fortune:
Cratylus
Part
21 Intro| questions about justice, virtue, knowledge, and were illustrated
22 Intro| subject, language, like virtue in the Republic, is examined
23 Intro| namely by the desire of virtue, which they hope to obtain
24 Text | good and others bad, if virtue and vice are always equally
25 Text | his resolves, and by his virtue crowns them; and his continuance
26 Text | them with the desire of virtue, but while they are flustered
27 Text | because she is a proficient in virtue (arete), and perhaps also
28 Text | of the two words arete (virtue) and kakia (vice); arete
29 Text | nothing is more eligible than virtue, and this has been hammered
Critias
Part
30 Intro| suited to the growth of virtue and wisdom; and there they
31 Intro| celebrated for their beauty and virtue all over Europe and Asia.~
32 Intro| there might be a degree of virtue and justice, such as the
33 Text | naturally adapted for wisdom and virtue; and there they implanted
34 Text | practise in common the virtue which belongs to them without
35 Text | despised everything but virtue, caring little for their
36 Text | these goods are increased by virtue and friendship with one
Crito
Part
37 Intro| continue to give lectures in virtue? That would hardly be decent.
38 Intro| exhibit the ideal of patient virtue which refuses to do the
39 Text | who professes to care for virtue in all his actions, like
40 Text | you, O professor of true virtue, pretend that you are justified
41 Text | What you say here about virtue and justice and institutions
42 Text | sentiments about justice and virtue? Say that you wish to live
Euthydemus
Part
43 Intro| But they can also teach virtue in a very short time and
44 Intro| look-out for teachers of virtue, is interested in the youth
45 Intro| ended. The exhortation to virtue will follow, and Socrates
46 Intro| recommence their exhortation to virtue, which is of quite another
47 Intro| declaration of the Meno that ‘Virtue cannot be taught because
48 Intro| longer discussing whether virtue can be taught—from this
49 Text | study is?~The teaching of virtue, Socrates, he replied, is
50 Text | because he imagines that virtue is a thing which cannot
51 Text | latter temper of mind, that virtue can be taught; and that
52 Text | philosophy and to the study of virtue?~Yes, Socrates, I rather
53 Text | a philosopher and study virtue. Exhibit that, and you will
54 Text | himself to the study of virtue and wisdom? And I will first
55 Text | improvement of this young man in virtue and wisdom is a matter which
56 Text | should practise wisdom and virtue. Dionysodorus, who was the
57 Text | regarded as an exhortation to virtue.~Tell me, he said, Socrates
58 Text | bottle, but into a piece of virtue. And here is Dionysodorus
59 Text | saying that you could teach virtue best of all men, to any
Euthyphro
Part
60 Intro| recalls Republic II. The virtue of piety has been already
61 Text | with the cultivation of virtue in youth; like a good husbandman,
The First Alcibiades
Part
62 Intro| step in the practice of virtue.~The dialogue continues:—
63 Intro| looking into the mind and virtue of the soul, which is the
64 Intro| successive questions, and virtue is shown to be identical
65 Intro| and no man can arrive at virtue and wisdom who has not once
66 Text | likely to be perfect in virtue?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~
67 Text | SOCRATES: In what sort of virtue?~ALCIBIADES: Plainly, in
68 Text | ALCIBIADES: Plainly, in the virtue of good men.~SOCRATES: Who
69 Text | as the soul follows after virtue?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES:
70 Text | where sight which is the virtue of the eye resides?~ALCIBIADES:
71 Text | of the soul in which her virtue resides, and to any other
72 Text | size, Alcibiades, without virtue? (Compare Arist. Pol.)~ALCIBIADES:
73 Text | you must give the citizens virtue, if you mean to administer
74 Text | the first place acquire virtue.~ALCIBIADES: That is true.~
75 Text | authority which is wanting in virtue, will not misfortune, in
76 Text | they would be happy, but virtue.~ALCIBIADES: That is true.~
77 Text | SOCRATES: And before they have virtue, to be commanded by a superior
78 Text | ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And virtue to a freeman?~ALCIBIADES:
Gorgias
Part
79 Intro| and self-indulgence are virtue and happiness; all the rest
80 Intro| injustice, to implant all virtue and eradicate all vice in
81 Intro| good have acquired some virtue or other. And virtue, whether
82 Intro| some virtue or other. And virtue, whether of body or soul,
83 Intro| is there in this? For if virtue only means the saving of
84 Intro| saving arts. But is not virtue something different from
85 Intro| harbours, but neglected virtue and justice. And when the
86 Intro| money, but the teacher of virtue or politics takes no money,
87 Intro| And when we have practised virtue, we will betake ourselves
88 Intro| us follow in the way of virtue and justice, and not in
89 Intro| as in the Protagoras, of virtue as a calculation of pleasure,
90 Intro| superhuman or transcendental virtue in the description of the
91 Intro| essence and generation, virtue and pleasure, the real and
92 Intro| Socrates to his famous thesis:—‘Virtue is knowledge;’ which is
93 Intro| chief incentives to moral virtue, and to most men the opinion
94 Intro| the language of piety or virtue; and there is an unconscious
95 Intro| held to be indifferent, and virtue at the time of action and
96 Text | provided with means, are virtue and happiness—all the rest
97 Text | satisfy them, and that this is virtue?~CALLICLES: Yes; I do.~SOCRATES:
98 Text | you said at first, true virtue consists only in the satisfaction
99 Text | intemperance, to implant every virtue and take away every vice?
100 Text | whatever are good when some virtue is present in us or them?
101 Text | is my conviction. But the virtue of each thing, whether body
102 Text | that I am. And is not the virtue of each thing dependent
103 Text | one who is his superior in virtue, and will never be able
104 Text | better is not what I say, and virtue consists only in a man saving
105 Text | professing to be teachers of virtue, they will often accuse
106 Text | and not the appearance of virtue is to be followed above
107 Text | harm in the practice of virtue, if you are a really good
108 Text | When we have practised virtue together, we will apply
109 Text | practise justice and every virtue in life and death. This
Laches
Part
110 Intro| will be to ask, ‘What is Virtue?’—or rather, to restrict
111 Intro| enquiry to that part of virtue which is concerned with
112 Intro| and courage is not all virtue, but only one of the virtues.
113 Intro| justice, and every other virtue. Thus, a single virtue would
114 Intro| other virtue. Thus, a single virtue would be the same as all
115 Intro| adduced as a proof that virtue cannot be taught. The recognition
116 Intro| thus be equivalent to all virtue—a position which elsewhere
117 Intro| the connexion and unity of virtue and knowledge, we arrive
118 Text | a teacher of the art of virtue; although I have always
119 Text | hear a man discoursing of virtue, or of any sort of wisdom,
120 Text | in what way the gift of virtue may be imparted to their
121 Text | first know the nature of virtue? For how can we advise any
122 Text | that we know the nature of virtue?~LACHES: Yes.~SOCRATES:
123 Text | enquiring about the whole of virtue; for that may be more than
124 Text | Then which of the parts of virtue shall we select? Must we
125 Text | courage to be a part of virtue.~NICIAS: Very true.~SOCRATES:
126 Text | taken together are called virtue.~NICIAS: Certainly.~SOCRATES:
127 Text | are all of them parts of virtue as well as courage. Would
128 Text | perfect, and wanting in no virtue, whether justice, or temperance,
129 Text | instead of being a part of virtue only, will be all virtue?~
130 Text | virtue only, will be all virtue?~NICIAS: It would seem so.~
131 Text | courage is one of the parts of virtue?~NICIAS: Yes, that was what
Laws
Book
132 1 | are still better men whose virtue is displayed in the greatest
133 1 | strife without having all virtue. But in the war of which
134 1 | have regard to the greatest virtue; which, according to Theognis,
135 1 | perfect justice. Whereas, that virtue which Tyrtaeus highly praises
136 1 | this the lowest part of virtue, but all virtue, and that
137 1 | part of virtue, but all virtue, and that he devised classes
138 1 | answering to the kinds of virtue; not in the way in which
139 1 | right in beginning with virtue, and saying that this was
140 1 | part, and the least part of virtue, and this called forth my
141 1 | and fourth in the scale of virtue is courage. All these naturally
142 1 | and then another form of virtue, if you please. In this
143 1 | which I was speaking look to virtue.~Megillus. Very good; and
144 1 | of the remaining parts of virtue, no matter whether you call
145 1 | Megillus, that we consider the virtue which follows next of those
146 1 | that other education in virtue from youth upwards, which
147 1 | lies the difference between virtue and vice. According to the
148 1 | other states. In this way virtue and vice will be more clearly
149 1 | effected by the draught—his virtue being such, that he never
150 2 | are the forms under which virtue and vice are originally
151 2 | to the first instincts of virtue in children;—when pleasure,
152 2 | soul, taken as a whole, is virtue; but the particular training
153 2 | which are expressive of virtue of soul or body, or of images
154 2 | or body, or of images of virtue, are without exception good,
155 2 | beautiful than forms of virtue, or that he himself delights
156 2 | pleases, without reference to virtue or vice?~Cleinias. That
157 2 | to forms and strains of virtue. These they fixed, and exhibited
158 2 | man who is pre–eminent in virtue and education. And therefore
159 2 | all without justice and virtue, even though a man be rich
160 2 | not as the first part of virtue, either in individuals or
161 2 | young men in the way of virtue. And now the original design
162 3 | vice and a great deal of virtue?~Cleinias. What do you mean?~
163 3 | development, whether of virtue or of vice?~Cleinias. I
164 3 | you ought to regard all virtue, and especially that which
165 3 | young or old, excel in virtue, who has been thus educated.
166 3 | strong, unless he have some virtue in him; nor even if he have
167 3 | him; nor even if he have virtue, unless he have this particular
168 3 | he have this particular virtue of temperance.~Megillus.
169 3 | that courage is a part of virtue?~Megillus. To be sure.~Athenian.
170 4 | as they tended to promote virtue, were good; but in that
171 4 | only, and not the whole of virtue, I disapproved of them.
172 4 | with a view to anything but virtue, or with a view to a part
173 4 | with a view to a part of virtue only. For I consider that
174 4 | benefit, when separated from virtue. I was saying that the imitation
175 4 | of all the other parts of virtue, if there is to be any good
176 4 | Megillus, that this companion virtue of which the Stranger speaks,
177 4 | to go in the direction of virtue or of vice, whichever he
178 4 | to regard either military virtue, or virtue in general, but
179 4 | either military virtue, or virtue in general, but only the
180 4 | as readily persuaded to virtue as possible; this will surely
181 4 | so very short:~But before virtue the immortal Gods have placed
182 5 | any one prefers beauty to virtue, what is this but the real
183 5 | to give in exchange for virtue. In a word, I may say that
184 5 | and bear away the palm of virtue. The same praise may be
185 5 | strive for the prize of virtue, and let there be no envy.
186 5 | himself in the pursuit of true virtue, and reduces his rivals
187 5 | untrained in the practice of virtue, and diminishes her glory
188 5 | speaking, that which has any virtue, whether of body or soul,
189 5 | better or more exalted in virtue. Whether such a state is
190 5 | wealth, and not solely to the virtue of his ancestors or himself,
191 5 | aspires after a reputation for virtue, will allow the lot to be
192 6 | honour always to the greater virtue, and to the less less; and
193 6 | their respective measure of virtue and education. And this
194 6 | to the acquisition of the virtue proper to a man, whether
195 6 | tends infinitely more to virtue than the unmixed. And he
196 6 | will best sow the seeds of virtue in them; and this may be
197 6 | that of men in capacity for virtue, in that degree the consequence
198 6 | desires, of which the end is virtue, if they are rightly led
199 7 | contributes to create a part of virtue in the soul.~Cleinias. Quite
200 7 | have been distinguished in virtue. The order of songs and
201 7 | to be concerned with the virtue of body and soul is twice,
202 7 | them to follow and attain virtue by the way of imitation.~
203 7 | is to have any degree of virtue. And for this very reason
204 8 | our enactments tends to virtue and which not. And suppose
205 8 | will they contribute to virtue? Will such passions implant
206 8 | Athenian. Dear is the like in virtue to the like, and the equal
207 8 | state the love which is of virtue and which desires the beloved
208 8 | failing in the competition of virtue, in case any one takes notice
209 8 | other art than the study of virtue, let them punish him with
210 9 | adapted to the practice of virtue. To assume that in such
211 9 | of the highest repute for virtue and also for good fortune,
212 10 | preserved in writing which the virtue of your state, as I am informed,
213 10 | and to all that relates to virtue and vice), and if they will
214 10 | principle of wisdom and virtue, or a principle which has
215 10 | which has neither wisdom nor virtue? Suppose that we make answer
216 10 | place what we mean by this virtue which we ascribe to them.
217 10 | possess mind belongs to virtue, and the contrary to vice?~
218 10 | and courage is a part of virtue, and cowardice of vice?~
219 10 | and that there was much virtue in them and much vice, and
220 10 | has communion with divine virtue and becomes divine, she
221 10 | guardians, are inferior in virtue to dogs, and to men even
222 11 | should grow in justice and virtue of soul, if I abstain; and
223 11 | requires a great deal of virtue.~Cleinias. What do you mean?~
224 11 | have obtained the prize of virtue give judgment about them
225 11 | judged to be the first in virtue; and if he appear to throw
226 11 | another who does not miss virtue and earnestness altogether,
227 11 | shall not claim the prize of virtue; for he is one who heeds
228 11 | temperate, or has some other virtue, or part of a virtue, and
229 11 | other virtue, or part of a virtue, and at the same time suffers
230 12 | excels other magistrates in virtue, but still we must endeavour
231 12 | admirable in every sort of virtue. Let us invent a mode of
232 12 | worthy of the rewards of virtue, they shall have the first
233 12 | unworthy of the prize of virtue and of his office; and if
234 12 | removed from the nature of virtue in themselves. Even bad
235 12 | and noblest reputation for virtue from other men; and there
236 12 | obtained the rewards of virtue; and in the second place,
237 12 | them when the rewards of virtue are decided.~Let such be
238 12 | have gained the prize of virtue and hold discourse with
239 12 | have obtained prizes of virtue, were to meet in the same
240 12 | this council possesses all virtue; and the beginning of virtue
241 12 | virtue; and the beginning of virtue is not to make mistakes
242 12 | was rightly said to be virtue.~Athenian. Yes.~Cleinias.
243 12 | Cleinias. And we said that virtue was of four kinds?~Athenian.
244 12 | there are four kinds of virtue, and as there are four of
245 12 | for we say that courage is virtue, and that prudence is virtue,
246 12 | virtue, and that prudence is virtue, and the same of the two
247 12 | not many but one, that is, virtue.~Cleinias. Quite so.~Athenian.
248 12 | them by the single name of virtue.~Cleinias. How do you mean?~
249 12 | that one thing which call virtue, and then again speak of
250 12 | excels all other men in virtue, and has won the palm of
251 12 | reproved, what is the nature of virtue and vice? Or shall some
252 12 | won the prize for every virtue? And can we wonder that
253 12 | no adequate knowledge of virtue, the city being unguarded
254 12 | more precise knowledge of virtue in speech and action than
255 12 | ought, by the single name of virtue. To this, my friends, we
256 12 | if we cannot tell whether virtue is many, or four, or one?
257 12 | place in the select order of virtue, him who is not an inspired
258 12 | by reason of the saving virtue which is in them.~Megillus.
Lysis
Part
259 Intro| relation of knowledge to virtue and good, which also recurs
260 Intro| quality, or a relation, or a virtue, or a kind of virtue; and
261 Intro| or a virtue, or a kind of virtue; and they had not in the
262 Intro| as a form or attribute of virtue. They had another perplexity:
263 Text | family, setting forth how in virtue of this relationship he
Menexenus
Part
264 Intro| democrats are the aristocracy of virtue, and the like. These are
265 Text | departed to imitate their virtue, and consoling their fathers
266 Text | except in the reputation of virtue and wisdom.~And so their
267 Text | whatever is your aim let virtue be the condition of the
268 Text | separated from justice and virtue, is seen to be cunning and
269 Text | but all your ancestors in virtue; and know that to excel
270 Text | know that to excel you in virtue only brings us shame, but
Meno
Part
271 Intro| Meno, who asks, ‘whether virtue can be taught.’ Socrates
272 Intro| does not as yet know what virtue is, and has never known
273 Intro| nothing easier: there is the virtue of a man, of a woman, of
274 Intro| and of a child; there is a virtue of every age and state of
275 Intro| second attempt Meno defines virtue to be ‘the power of command.’
276 Intro| taken. For there must be a virtue of those who obey, as well
277 Intro| to admit that justice is virtue: ‘Would you say virtue or
278 Intro| is virtue: ‘Would you say virtue or a virtue, for there are
279 Intro| Would you say virtue or a virtue, for there are other virtues,
280 Intro| the words of a poet, ‘that virtue is to delight in things
281 Intro| definition will then stand thus: ‘Virtue is the power of getting
282 Intro| But justice is a part of virtue, and therefore virtue is
283 Intro| of virtue, and therefore virtue is the getting of good with
284 Intro| getting of good with a part of virtue. The definition repeats
285 Intro| has plenty to say about virtue; in the presence of Socrates,
286 Intro| of the teachableness of virtue is renewed. Again he professes
287 Intro| professes a desire to know ‘what virtue is’ first. But he is willing
288 Intro| He will assume that if virtue is knowledge, then virtue
289 Intro| virtue is knowledge, then virtue can be taught. (This was
290 Intro| difficulty in showing that virtue is a good, and that goods,
291 Intro| assumption just made, then, virtue is teachable. But where
292 Intro| extremely discouraging. Virtue is no sooner discovered
293 Intro| follows that it is not taught. Virtue, therefore, is and is not
294 Intro| of the question ‘whether virtue is teachable,’ which was
295 Intro| nature of right opinion. For virtue may be under the guidance
296 Intro| inspired or divine. The higher virtue, which is identical with
297 Intro| answer the question, Can virtue be taught? No one would
298 Intro| rise to a general notion of virtue as distinct from the particular
299 Intro| of the teachableness of virtue could be resolved.~The answer
300 Intro| than to satisfy enquiry. Virtue is knowledge, and therefore
301 Intro| knowledge, and therefore virtue can be taught. But virtue
302 Intro| virtue can be taught. But virtue is not taught, and therefore
303 Intro| ideal sense there is no virtue and no knowledge. The teaching
304 Intro| reminiscence.~To the doctrine that virtue is knowledge, Plato has
305 Intro| the philosopher, or the virtue of custom to the virtue
306 Intro| virtue of custom to the virtue based upon ideas.~Also here,
307 Intro| discuss the teachableness of virtue under an hypothesis, after
308 Intro| disciple. His definition of virtue as ‘the power and desire
309 Intro| hypothetical conclusion, that if ‘virtue is knowledge, it can be
310 Intro| relation of knowledge to virtue is described in a manner
311 Intro| reminiscence. The problems of virtue and knowledge have been
312 Intro| substance. As Socrates said that virtue is knowledge, so Spinoza
313 Text | tell me, Socrates, whether virtue is acquired by teaching
314 Text | ask any Athenian whether virtue was natural or acquired,
315 Text | literally do not know what virtue is, and much less whether
316 Text | literally nothing about virtue; and when I do not know
317 Text | that you do not know what virtue is? And am I to carry back
318 Text | tell me what you say that virtue is; for I shall be truly
319 Text | question. Let us take first the virtue of a man—he should know
320 Text | harm himself. A woman’s virtue, if you wish to know about
321 Text | or free, has a different virtue: there are virtues numberless,
322 Text | definitions of them; for virtue is relative to the actions
323 Text | When I ask you for one virtue, you present me with a swarm
324 Text | answer the question, ‘What is virtue?’ would do well to have
325 Text | Meno, that there is one virtue of a man, another of a woman,
326 Text | does this apply only to virtue, or would you say the same
327 Text | SOCRATES: And will not virtue, as virtue, be the same,
328 Text | And will not virtue, as virtue, be the same, whether in
329 Text | you not saying that the virtue of a man was to order a
330 Text | to order a state, and the virtue of a woman was to order
331 Text | the same way, unless their virtue had been the same?~MENO:
332 Text | that the sameness of all virtue has been proven, try and
333 Text | you and Gorgias say that virtue is.~MENO: Will you have
334 Text | not what to say, but that virtue is the power of governing
335 Text | does this definition of virtue include all virtue? Is virtue
336 Text | definition of virtue include all virtue? Is virtue the same in a
337 Text | virtue include all virtue? Is virtue the same in a child and
338 Text | friend; according to you, virtue is ‘the power of governing;’
339 Text | agree there; for justice is virtue.~SOCRATES: Would you say ‘
340 Text | SOCRATES: Would you say ‘virtue,’ Meno, or ‘a virtue’?~MENO:
341 Text | say ‘virtue,’ Meno, or ‘a virtue’?~MENO: What do you mean?~
342 Text | just what I am saying about virtue—that there are other virtues
343 Text | in searching after one virtue we have found many, though
344 Text | unable to find the common virtue which runs through them
345 Text | at one common notion of virtue as of other things.~SOCRATES:
346 Text | view to the answer about virtue.~MENO: I would rather that
347 Text | then you will tell me about virtue?~MENO: I will.~SOCRATES:
348 Text | a similar definition of virtue?~MENO: But, Socrates, it
349 Text | is Gorgias’ definition of virtue.~MENO: When you have told
350 Text | promise, and tell me what virtue is in the universal; and
351 Text | break a thing, but deliver virtue to me whole and sound, and
352 Text | MENO: Well then, Socrates, virtue, as I take it, is when he,
353 Text | poet says, and I say too—~‘Virtue is the desire of things
354 Text | not saying just now that virtue is the desire and power
355 Text | according to your definition, virtue would appear to be the power
356 Text | may be right:—You affirm virtue to be the power of attaining
357 Text | friend of the great king, virtue is the power of getting
358 Text | dishonest, equally to be deemed virtue?~MENO: Not virtue, Socrates,
359 Text | deemed virtue?~MENO: Not virtue, Socrates, but vice.~SOCRATES:
360 Text | holiness, or some other part of virtue, as would appear, must accompany
361 Text | acquisition of good will not be virtue.~MENO: Why, how can there
362 Text | MENO: Why, how can there be virtue without these?~SOCRATES:
363 Text | of them, may be equally virtue?~MENO: True.~SOCRATES: Then
364 Text | of such goods is no more virtue than the non-acquisition
365 Text | by justice or honesty is virtue, and whatever is devoid
366 Text | were each of them a part of virtue?~MENO: Yes.~SOCRATES: And
367 Text | because I asked you to deliver virtue into my hands whole and
368 Text | already, and tell me that virtue is the power of attaining
369 Text | acknowledge to be a part of virtue.~MENO: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then
370 Text | your own admissions, that virtue is doing what you do with
371 Text | what you do with a part of virtue; for justice and the like
372 Text | said by you to be parts of virtue.~MENO: What of that?~SOCRATES:
373 Text | to tell me the nature of virtue as a whole? And you are
374 Text | declare every action to be virtue which is done with a part
375 Text | which is done with a part of virtue; as though you had told
376 Text | already know the whole of virtue, and this too when frittered
377 Text | the same question: What is virtue? for otherwise, I can only
378 Text | action done with a part of virtue is virtue; what else is
379 Text | with a part of virtue is virtue; what else is the meaning
380 Text | action done with justice is virtue? Ought I not to ask the
381 Text | any one who does not know virtue know a part of virtue?~MENO:
382 Text | know virtue know a part of virtue?~MENO: No; I do not say
383 Text | to any one the nature of virtue as a whole through some
384 Text | some unexplained portion of virtue, or anything at all in that
385 Text | the old question, What is virtue? Am I not right?~MENO: I
386 Text | Gorgias, is the definition of virtue?~MENO: O Socrates, I used
387 Text | variety of speeches about virtue before now, and to many
388 Text | moment I cannot even say what virtue is. And I think that you
389 Text | And now I know not what virtue is, and you seem to be in
390 Text | that she ever knew about virtue, and about everything; for
391 Text | with you into the nature of virtue.~MENO: Yes, Socrates; but
392 Text | together into the nature of virtue?~MENO: By all means, Socrates.
393 Text | Whether in seeking to acquire virtue we should regard it as a
394 Text | not have enquired whether virtue is given by instruction
395 Text | allow the question ‘Whether virtue is given by instruction,
396 Text | nature and qualities of virtue, must ask, whether virtue
397 Text | virtue, must ask, whether virtue is or is not taught, under
398 Text | hypothesis: as thus, if virtue is of such a class of mental
399 Text | first hypothesis be that virtue is or is not knowledge,—
400 Text | disputing about the name. But is virtue taught or not? or rather,
401 Text | agree.~SOCRATES: Then if virtue is knowledge, virtue will
402 Text | if virtue is knowledge, virtue will be taught?~MENO: Certainly.~
403 Text | end of this question: if virtue is of such a nature, it
404 Text | next question is, whether virtue is knowledge or of another
405 Text | SOCRATES: Do we not say that virtue is a good?—This is a hypothesis
406 Text | distinct from knowledge, virtue may be that good; but if
407 Text | be right in thinking that virtue is knowledge?~MENO: True.~
408 Text | MENO: True.~SOCRATES: And virtue makes us good?~MENO: Yes.~
409 Text | MENO: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then virtue is profitable?~MENO: That
410 Text | true.~SOCRATES: If then virtue is a quality of the soul,
411 Text | folly; and therefore if virtue is profitable, virtue must
412 Text | if virtue is profitable, virtue must be a sort of wisdom
413 Text | be that which profits—and virtue, as we say, is profitable?~
414 Text | arrive at the conclusion that virtue is either wholly or partly
415 Text | On the supposition that virtue is knowledge, there can
416 Text | there can be no doubt that virtue is taught.~SOCRATES: Yes,
417 Text | believe that knowledge is virtue?~SOCRATES: I will try and
418 Text | retract the assertion that if virtue is knowledge it may be taught;
419 Text | reason in doubting whether virtue is knowledge: for consider
420 Text | consider now and say whether virtue, and not only virtue but
421 Text | whether virtue, and not only virtue but anything that is taught,
422 Text | there are no teachers of virtue?~SOCRATES: I have certainly
423 Text | there are any teachers of virtue, and who they are. Please,
424 Text | that kind of wisdom and virtue by which men order the state
425 Text | order that he may learn this virtue? Does not the previous argument
426 Text | good teachers of their own virtue;—not whether there are,
427 Text | of the world, but whether virtue can be taught, is the question
428 Text | to impart to others that virtue which they had themselves;
429 Text | they had themselves; or is virtue a thing incapable of being
430 Text | good teacher, of his own virtue?~ANYTUS: Yes certainly,—
431 Text | imparting to him his own virtue. Did you never hear that
432 Text | say so.~SOCRATES: And if virtue could have been taught,
433 Text | SOCRATES: Here was a teacher of virtue whom you admit to be among
434 Text | must have wished it. But virtue, as I suspect, could not
435 Text | have cost him nothing, if virtue could have been taught?
436 Text | and in all Hellas, and, if virtue could have been taught,
437 Text | suspect, friend Anytus, that virtue is not a thing which can
438 Text | and do they agree that virtue is taught?~MENO: No indeed,
439 Text | saying at one time that virtue can be taught, and then
440 Text | to you to be teachers of virtue?~MENO: I often wonder, Socrates,
441 Text | heard promising to teach virtue: and when he hears others
442 Text | politicians have doubts whether virtue can be taught or not, but
443 Text | here he seems to imply that virtue can be taught?~MENO: Clearly.~
444 Text | there are no teachers of virtue to be found anywhere?~MENO:
445 Text | is true.~SOCRATES: Then virtue cannot be taught?~MENO:
446 Text | speculation about the nature of virtue, when we said that knowledge
447 Text | came the question whether virtue is acquired by teaching?~
448 Text | MENO: Yes.~SOCRATES: If virtue was wisdom (or knowledge),
449 Text | there were no teachers of virtue?~MENO: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then
450 Text | so too.~SOCRATES: But if virtue is not taught, neither is
451 Text | is not taught, neither is virtue knowledge.~MENO: Clearly
452 Text | themselves—because their virtue was not grounded on knowledge.~
453 Text | right in our view, that virtue is neither natural nor acquired,
454 Text | shades’; and he and his virtue in like manner will be a
455 Text | the conclusion is that virtue comes to the virtuous by
456 Text | until, before asking how virtue is given, we enquire into
457 Text | into the actual nature of virtue. I fear that I must go away,
Parmenides
Part
458 Intro| other. But if not other by virtue of being one, not by virtue
459 Intro| virtue of being one, not by virtue of itself; and if not by
460 Intro| of itself; and if not by virtue of itself, not itself other,
461 Intro| opposites: and since in virtue of being other than the
462 Intro| the one is like them, in virtue of being the same it must
463 Text | things, each one is great in virtue of a portion of greatness
464 Text | equal to some other thing by virtue of that portion only?~Impossible.~
465 Text | and above all these, by virtue of which they will all be
466 Text | else.~True.~Then not by virtue of being one will it be
467 Text | Certainly not.~But if not by virtue of being one, not by virtue
468 Text | virtue of being one, not by virtue of itself; and if not by
469 Text | of itself; and if not by virtue of itself, not itself, and
470 Text | differ from one another in virtue of otherness and difference.~
471 Text | in a like degree?~Yes.~In virtue of the affection by which
472 Text | condition is like?~Yes.~Then in virtue of the affection by which
473 Text | same it will be unlike by virtue of the opposite affection
474 Text | less than each other in virtue of their being the one and
475 Text | than itself and others, by virtue of participation in time?~
476 Text | once be and be like them in virtue of the equality; but if
Phaedo
Part
477 Intro| exchange of commerce and not of virtue. All the virtues, including
478 Intro| those who have practised virtue without philosophy; they
479 Text | them—is not temperance a virtue belonging to those only
480 Text | is not the exchange of virtue. O my blessed Simmias, is
481 Text | justice. And is not all true virtue the companion of wisdom,
482 Text | not attend her? But the virtue which is made up of these
483 Text | another, is a shadow of virtue only, nor is there any freedom
484 Text | to have intelligence and virtue, and to be good, and the
485 Text | say of this presence of virtue and vice in the soul?—will
486 Text | soul has no more vice or virtue than another, if vice be
487 Text | if vice be discord and virtue harmony?~Not at all more.~
488 Text | attainment of the highest virtue and wisdom. For the soul
489 Text | to do that we may obtain virtue and wisdom in this life?
Phaedrus
Part
490 Intro| contemplation of ideas of virtue and justice—or, in other
491 Text | you, will show their own virtue. Remember what I have said;
492 Text | implant the conviction or virtue which you desire, by the
Philebus
Part
493 Intro| of the finite,’ and, like virtue, either is, or is nearly
494 Intro| Socratic doctrine, that virtue is knowledge, vice ignorance.
495 Intro| which are the handmaidens of virtue. But still we want truth?
496 Intro| greater can be an exchange of virtue. Such virtue is the virtue
497 Intro| exchange of virtue. Such virtue is the virtue of ordinary
498 Intro| virtue. Such virtue is the virtue of ordinary men who live
499 Intro| himself ideals of holiness and virtue. They slumber in the minds
500 Intro| place in his system for this virtue and for every other.’~Good