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The Apology
    Part
  1 Intro|          democracy, were the names of Alcibiades, Critias, Charmides. It


Charmides
    Part
  2 PreS |     translated the Eryxias and Second Alcibiades; and to Mr Frank Fletcher,


Crito
    Part
  3 Intro|             later ages. The crimes of Alcibiades, Critias, and Charmides,


Euthydemus
    Part
  4 Intro|             the grandson of the great Alcibiades, and is desirous that he
  5 Intro|             Cleinias, the grandson of Alcibiades, who may be compared with
  6 Intro|               name of the grandson of Alcibiades, who is described as long
  7 Text |               and grandson of the old Alcibiades, cousin of the Alcibiades
  8 Text |             Alcibiades, cousin of the Alcibiades that now is. He is quite


The First Alcibiades
    Part
  9 -    |                             The First Alcibiades~
 10 Pre  |            Funeral Oration, the First Alcibiades. Of these, the Lesser Hippias
 11 Pre  |             and of a First and Second Alcibiades, does to a certain extent
 12 Pre  |            Republic; or as the Second Alcibiades seems to be founded upon
 13 Pre  |          Plato I have added the First Alcibiades, which, of all the disputed
 14 Pre  |             relations of Socrates and Alcibiades. Like the Lesser Hippias
 15 Pre  |             of the Symposium in which Alcibiades describes himself as self-convicted
 16 Pre  |             Plato. We know, too, that Alcibiades was a favourite thesis,
 17 Pre  |          writings bearing the name of Alcibiades, we are compelled to suspend
 18 Intro|                Introduction~The First Alcibiades is a conversation between
 19 Intro|     conversation between Socrates and Alcibiades. Socrates is represented
 20 Intro|          places; for in the Symposium Alcibiades is depicted as the impassioned
 21 Intro|         aspiring and ambitious youth.~Alcibiades, who is described as a very
 22 Intro|         difference between them. Does Alcibiades know? If he does, he must
 23 Intro|             go and learn of him also. Alcibiades admits that he has never
 24 Intro|              the other: and therefore Alcibiades, who has admitted that if
 25 Intro|       convicted out of his own mouth.~Alcibiades rejoins, that the Athenians
 26 Intro|               the expedient coincide. Alcibiades is thus reduced to the humiliating
 27 Intro|               But to be good in what? Alcibiades replies—‘Good in transacting
 28 Intro|               good in the sense which Alcibiades means, who is also bad? ‘
 29 Intro|           also bad? ‘I mean,’ replies Alcibiades, ‘the man who is able to
 30 Intro|               does his own work only. Alcibiades, having stated first that
 31 Intro|              of freedom.~And are you, Alcibiades, a freeman? ‘I feel that
 32 Intro|            will never leave you.’~The Alcibiades has several points of resemblance
 33 Intro|      characteristically attributes to Alcibiades the answers which he has
 34 Intro|          manner in which the pride of Alcibiades, and of the Greeks generally,
 35 Intro|             of the characters both of Alcibiades and Socrates in the Symposium,
 36 Intro|           superficial a manner in the Alcibiades, or that he would have ascribed
 37 Intro|           rather unmeaning boast that Alcibiades could not attain the objects
 38 Intro|            For the arguments by which Alcibiades is reformed are not convincing;
 39 Intro|             The anachronism of making Alcibiades about twenty years old during
 40 Text |                             The First Alcibiades~PERSONS OF THE DIALOGUE:
 41 Text |              PERSONS OF THE DIALOGUE: Alcibiades, Socrates.~SOCRATES: I dare
 42 Text |               my motive in remaining.~ALCIBIADES: Perhaps, Socrates, you
 43 Text |                and will not run away?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly, let me hear.~
 44 Text |               hitherto been to begin.~ALCIBIADES: Proceed, my good man, and
 45 Text |            you what I meant: My love, Alcibiades, which I hardly like to
 46 Text |             God came to you and said: Alcibiades, will you live as you are,
 47 Text |            now you will listen to me.~ALCIBIADES: Your silence, Socrates,
 48 Text |           grant me one little favour.~ALCIBIADES: Yes, if the favour which
 49 Text |           having questions to answer?~ALCIBIADES: Not at all.~SOCRATES: Then
 50 Text |                Then please to answer.~ALCIBIADES: Ask me.~SOCRATES: Have
 51 Text |             which I attribute to you?~ALCIBIADES: I will grant anything you
 52 Text |            you by the sleeve and say, Alcibiades, you are getting up to advise
 53 Text |           they?—How would you answer?~ALCIBIADES: I should reply, that I
 54 Text |            the things which you know?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
 55 Text |                or found out yourself?~ALCIBIADES: That is all.~SOCRATES:
 56 Text |               or to examine yourself?~ALCIBIADES: I should not.~SOCRATES:
 57 Text |               supposed that you knew?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
 58 Text |             are now supposed to know?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: I
 59 Text |                without my seeing you.~ALCIBIADES: Yes, that was the whole
 60 Text |            them advice about writing?~ALCIBIADES: No, indeed.~SOCRATES: Or
 61 Text |          about the touch of the lyre?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
 62 Text |           wrestling, in the assembly?~ALCIBIADES: Hardly.~SOCRATES: Then
 63 Text |            Surely not about building?~ALCIBIADES: No.~SOCRATES: For the builder
 64 Text |             than you will about that?~ALCIBIADES: He will.~SOCRATES: Nor
 65 Text |       SOCRATES: Nor about divination?~ALCIBIADES: No.~SOCRATES: About that
 66 Text |          advise better than you will?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: Whether
 67 Text |          ignoble—makes no difference.~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
 68 Text |             because he has knowledge?~ALCIBIADES: Assuredly.~SOCRATES: Whether
 69 Text |             he should be a physician.~ALCIBIADES: Of course.~SOCRATES: Then
 70 Text |         getting up and advising them?~ALCIBIADES: About their own concerns,
 71 Text |            ships they ought to build?~ALCIBIADES: No, I should not advise
 72 Text |     shipbuilding:—is that the reason?~ALCIBIADES: It is.~SOCRATES: Then about
 73 Text |          theirs will you advise them?~ALCIBIADES: About war, Socrates, or
 74 Text |              war, and in what manner?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And they
 75 Text |               is better to go to war?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And when
 76 Text |                And when it is better?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
 77 Text |             long a time as is better?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: But suppose
 78 Text |               better adviser of them?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly, the master of
 79 Text |           whom it is best to wrestle?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And as much
 80 Text |               And as much as is best?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
 81 Text |               such times as are best?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Again; you
 82 Text |              with the song and dance?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: When it
 83 Text |             When it is well to do so?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And as much
 84 Text |               And as much as is well?~ALCIBIADES: Just so.~SOCRATES: And
 85 Text |              what you call the other.~ALCIBIADES: I do not understand you.~
 86 Text |               mean according to rule.~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And was
 87 Text |              which I spoke gymnastic?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
 88 Text |               in wrestling gymnastic?~ALCIBIADES: You did.~SOCRATES: And
 89 Text |            SOCRATES: And I was right?~ALCIBIADES: I think that you were.~
 90 Text |             you must be able to tell.~ALCIBIADES: Indeed I cannot.~SOCRATES:
 91 Text |               the patronesses of art?~ALCIBIADES: The Muses do you mean,
 92 Text |           which is called after them?~ALCIBIADES: I suppose that you mean
 93 Text |       excellence of music—to be what?~ALCIBIADES: To be musical, I suppose.~
 94 Text |           excellent in war and peace?~ALCIBIADES: But I really cannot tell
 95 Text |              to you—What do you mean, Alcibiades, by the word ‘better’? you
 96 Text |                Is it not disgraceful?~ALCIBIADES: Very.~SOCRATES: Well, then,
 97 Text |             what does the word refer?~ALCIBIADES: I am thinking, and I cannot
 98 Text |               what name we give them?~ALCIBIADES: Yes, certainly; we say
 99 Text |             difference in the manner.~ALCIBIADES: Do you mean by ‘how,’ Socrates,
100 Text |          unjustly?~SOCRATES: Exactly.~ALCIBIADES: There can be no greater
101 Text |              just or with the unjust?~ALCIBIADES: That is an awkward question;
102 Text |         because it would be unlawful?~ALCIBIADES: Neither lawful nor honourable.~
103 Text |             on principles of justice?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: What,
104 Text |               ought not to go to war?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly.~SOCRATES: But
105 Text |               But how is this, friend Alcibiades? Have you forgotten that
106 Text |               you shall introduce me.~ALCIBIADES: You are mocking, Socrates.~
107 Text |          instructor is, if he exists.~ALCIBIADES: But, perhaps, he does not
108 Text |             you have discovered them.~ALCIBIADES: But do you not think that
109 Text |              you enquired about them.~ALCIBIADES: And do you not think that
110 Text |           that you did not know them.~ALCIBIADES: And was there not a time
111 Text |        discussion may not be in vain.~ALCIBIADES: Well, I thought that I
112 Text |                you knew all the same?~ALCIBIADES: I did.~SOCRATES: And more
113 Text |            were a child—were you not?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And then
114 Text |            that you thought you knew.~ALCIBIADES: Why are you so sure?~SOCRATES:
115 Text |             cheating. Is it not true?~ALCIBIADES: But what was I to do, Socrates,
116 Text |              you were wronged or not?~ALCIBIADES: To be sure I knew; I was
117 Text |            nature of just and unjust?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly; and I did know
118 Text |           thought that you knew them?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
119 Text |          there never was such a time?~ALCIBIADES: Really, Socrates, I cannot
120 Text |             them by discovering them?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly not.~SOCRATES:
121 Text |             do you come to know them?~ALCIBIADES: I suppose that I was mistaken
122 Text |             ask, of whom? Do tell me.~ALCIBIADES: Of the many.~SOCRATES:
123 Text |               much for your teachers.~ALCIBIADES: Why, are they not able
124 Text |          smaller matter than justice?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And can
125 Text |            unable to teach the worse?~ALCIBIADES: I think that they can;
126 Text |                SOCRATES: What things?~ALCIBIADES: Why, for example, I learned
127 Text |           line may be justly praised.~ALCIBIADES: Why is that?~SOCRATES:
128 Text |               teachers ought to have.~ALCIBIADES: What qualities?~SOCRATES:
129 Text |         qualification of any teacher?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
130 Text |              together and not differ?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And would
131 Text |              about which they differ?~ALCIBIADES: No.~SOCRATES: Then how
132 Text |              how can they teach them?~ALCIBIADES: They cannot.~SOCRATES:
133 Text |               mean by speaking Greek.~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: These,
134 Text |            one word and some another.~ALCIBIADES: They do not.~SOCRATES:
135 Text |             teachers of these things?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And if we
136 Text |              by our friends the many?~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: But
137 Text |           still be able to inform us?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
138 Text |              never agreed about them?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And suppose
139 Text |             many be able to teach us?~ALCIBIADES: They would not.~SOCRATES:
140 Text |             you saw them at variance?~ALCIBIADES: I should.~SOCRATES: Well,
141 Text |          injustice of men and things?~ALCIBIADES: Assuredly not, Socrates.~
142 Text |            they are more at variance?~ALCIBIADES: None.~SOCRATES: I do not
143 Text |         another for the sake of them?~ALCIBIADES: No indeed.~SOCRATES: But
144 Text |             of the Iliad and Odyssey?~ALCIBIADES: To be sure, Socrates.~SOCRATES:
145 Text |              argument of those poems?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: Which difference
146 Text |          their quarrel with Odysseus.~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: And
147 Text |         battles, and of their deaths.~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: But
148 Text |             quarrelling to the death?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly not.~SOCRATES:
149 Text |               whom you are appealing.~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: But
150 Text |             discovered them yourself?~ALCIBIADES: From what you say, I suppose
151 Text |               inaccurately you speak, Alcibiades!~ALCIBIADES: In what respect?~
152 Text |   inaccurately you speak, Alcibiades!~ALCIBIADES: In what respect?~SOCRATES:
153 Text |              In saying that I say so.~ALCIBIADES: Why, did you not say that
154 Text |              SOCRATES: No; I did not.~ALCIBIADES: Did I, then?~SOCRATES:
155 Text |               I, then?~SOCRATES: Yes.~ALCIBIADES: How was that?~SOCRATES:
156 Text |                you would reply ‘two’?~ALCIBIADES: I should.~SOCRATES: And
157 Text |              And by how much greater?~ALCIBIADES: By one.~SOCRATES: Which
158 Text |            that two is more than one?~ALCIBIADES: I do.~SOCRATES: Did not
159 Text |              you answer the question?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then who
160 Text |       question, or you who answer me?~ALCIBIADES: I am.~SOCRATES: Or suppose
161 Text |           which of us is the speaker?~ALCIBIADES: I am.~SOCRATES: Now let
162 Text |           questioner or the answerer?~ALCIBIADES: I should say, Socrates,
163 Text |               questioner all through?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And you
164 Text |       SOCRATES: And you the answerer?~ALCIBIADES: Just so.~SOCRATES: Which
165 Text |                then, was the speaker?~ALCIBIADES: The inference is, Socrates,
166 Text |             Did not some one say that Alcibiades, the fair son of Cleinias,
167 Text |              know? Was not that said?~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: Then,
168 Text |            Very true.~SOCRATES: Then, Alcibiades, the result may be expressed
169 Text |                is downright insanity.~ALCIBIADES: But, Socrates, I think
170 Text |             why a thing is expedient?~ALCIBIADES: Why not, Socrates?—But
171 Text |               discussion by yourself.~ALCIBIADES: But I am not certain, Socrates,
172 Text |            persuade men individually.~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And is not
173 Text |          persuade many about letters.~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: And about
174 Text |       persuade one and persuade many?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And this
175 Text |         number, or the arithmetician?~ALCIBIADES: Quite true.~SOCRATES: And
176 Text |          which you can persuade many?~ALCIBIADES: I suppose so.~SOCRATES:
177 Text |             is clearly what you know?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And the
178 Text |       individual, of the same things.~ALCIBIADES: I suppose so.~SOCRATES:
179 Text |              is not always expedient.~ALCIBIADES: You take liberties, Socrates.~
180 Text |             you will not prove to me.~ALCIBIADES: Proceed.~SOCRATES: Answer
181 Text |             my questions—that is all.~ALCIBIADES: Nay, I should like you
182 Text |             not wish to be persuaded?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly I do.~SOCRATES:
183 Text |           than out of your own mouth?~ALCIBIADES: I think not.~SOCRATES:
184 Text |            believe another man again.~ALCIBIADES: I won’t; but answer I will,
185 Text |          expedient and sometimes not?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And sometimes
186 Text |         honourable and sometimes not?~ALCIBIADES: What do you mean?~SOCRATES:
187 Text |           dishonourable and yet just?~ALCIBIADES: Never.~SOCRATES: All just
188 Text |           just things are honourable?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And are
189 Text |              or are they always good?~ALCIBIADES: I rather think, Socrates,
190 Text |            dishonourable things good?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: You mean
191 Text |               have escaped in safety?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: And to
192 Text |            save; and this is courage?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: But evil
193 Text |          respect of death and wounds?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And the
194 Text |                and the death another?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Then
195 Text |            view, but evil in another?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: And if
196 Text |          rather choose, good or evil?~ALCIBIADES: Good.~SOCRATES: And the
197 Text |               to be deprived of them?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: What
198 Text |               be deprived of courage?~ALCIBIADES: I would rather die than
199 Text |      cowardice is the worst of evils?~ALCIBIADES: I do.~SOCRATES: As bad
200 Text |              bad as death, I suppose?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And life
201 Text |               of death and cowardice?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And they
202 Text |               you would least desire?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Is this
203 Text |              and cowardice the worst?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And you
204 Text |             courage does a good work?~ALCIBIADES: I should.~SOCRATES: But
205 Text |               the death which ensues?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Might we
206 Text |             result of either of them?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And they
207 Text |              so far as they are evil?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: Then when
208 Text |          rescue is good and yet evil?~ALCIBIADES: I believe that you are
209 Text |               regarded as base, good.~ALCIBIADES: Clearly not.~SOCRATES:
210 Text |            acts honourably acts well?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And he who
211 Text |               who acts well is happy?~ALCIBIADES: Of course.~SOCRATES: And
212 Text |            are those who obtain good?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: And they
213 Text |           acting well and honourably?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then acting
214 Text |           Then acting well is a good?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
215 Text |              And happiness is a good?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then the
216 Text |      honourable are again identified.~ALCIBIADES: Manifestly.~SOCRATES: Then,
217 Text |           shall also find to be good?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
218 Text |            the good expedient or not?~ALCIBIADES: Expedient.~SOCRATES: Do
219 Text |            admissions about the just?~ALCIBIADES: Yes; if I am not mistaken,
220 Text |               honourable is the good?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And the
221 Text |            And the good is expedient?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then, Alcibiades,
222 Text |      ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then, Alcibiades, the just is expedient?~
223 Text |                the just is expedient?~ALCIBIADES: I should infer so.~SOCRATES:
224 Text |             for I ask and you answer?~ALCIBIADES: I must acknowledge it to
225 Text |             the just may be the evil?~ALCIBIADES: I solemnly declare, Socrates,
226 Text |           this perplexity, my friend?~ALCIBIADES: Indeed I am not.~SOCRATES:
227 Text |               in successive instants?~ALCIBIADES: I begin to distrust myself,
228 Text |               because you would know?~ALCIBIADES: I suppose so.~SOCRATES:
229 Text |        clearly that you are ignorant?~ALCIBIADES: Very likely.~SOCRATES:
230 Text |        perplexity. Is not that clear?~ALCIBIADES: I agree.~SOCRATES: But
231 Text |            which he has no knowledge?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly he is.~SOCRATES:
232 Text |            how to ascend into heaven?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
233 Text |              your judgment perplexed?~ALCIBIADES: No.~SOCRATES: Do you see
234 Text |             why, or shall I tell you?~ALCIBIADES: Tell me.~SOCRATES: The
235 Text |              not think that you know.~ALCIBIADES: There again; what do you
236 Text |              the preparation of food.~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: And
237 Text |              who understands the art?~ALCIBIADES: The latter.~SOCRATES: Or
238 Text |            the pilot, and do nothing?~ALCIBIADES: It would be the concern
239 Text |              that you do not know it?~ALCIBIADES: I imagine not.~SOCRATES:
240 Text |             has conceit of knowledge?~ALCIBIADES: Once more, what do you
241 Text |               know what we are doing?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: But when
242 Text |             their business to others?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And so there
243 Text |              which they are ignorant?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: Who, then,
244 Text |            course, be those who know?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
245 Text |             and think that they know.~ALCIBIADES: Yes, only those.~SOCRATES:
246 Text |            sort which is mischievous?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And most
247 Text |            with the greatest matters?~ALCIBIADES: By far.~SOCRATES: And can
248 Text |              good, and the expedient?~ALCIBIADES: There cannot be.~SOCRATES:
249 Text |         saying, are what perplex you?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: But if you
250 Text |             fancy that you know them?~ALCIBIADES: I fear that you are right.~
251 Text |             what has happened to you, Alcibiades! I hardly like to speak
252 Text |              your guardian, Pericles.~ALCIBIADES: Yes, Socrates; and Pericles
253 Text |            others whom he liked wise.~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And you,
254 Text |              taught, can do the same?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: And in
255 Text |          harper and gymnastic-master?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: When
256 Text |          understanding of any matter.~ALCIBIADES: I agree.~SOCRATES: Well,
257 Text |              by making his sons wise?~ALCIBIADES: But, Socrates, if the two
258 Text |              brother, Cleinias, wise?~ALCIBIADES: Cleinias is a madman; there
259 Text |               lets you be as you are?~ALCIBIADES: I believe that I am to
260 Text |             of their wisdom and fame.~ALCIBIADES: I certainly never did hear
261 Text |            some pains about yourself?~ALCIBIADES: With your aid, Socrates,
262 Text |                What is the inference?~ALCIBIADES: Why, that if they were
263 Text |            form and your high estate!~ALCIBIADES: What do you mean, Socrates;
264 Text |             think of our mutual love.~ALCIBIADES: At what?~SOCRATES: At your
265 Text |         entering is with people here.~ALCIBIADES: Why, what others are there?~
266 Text |          magnanimous soul should ask?~ALCIBIADES: Do you mean to say that
267 Text |            yourself and of the state.~ALCIBIADES: That would certainly be
268 Text |            the generals of the enemy.~ALCIBIADES: Of whom are you speaking,
269 Text |              and with the great king?~ALCIBIADES: True enough.~SOCRATES:
270 Text |           king were your true rivals?~ALCIBIADES: I believe that you are
271 Text |          enter on a political career.~ALCIBIADES: There, I think, Socrates,
272 Text |         consider what you are saying.~ALCIBIADES: What am I to consider?~
273 Text |              them, or if you are not?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly, if I have such
274 Text |            you take care of yourself?~ALCIBIADES: No, I shall be greatly
275 Text |               notion of yours is bad.~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: In the
276 Text |            you say is probably false.~ALCIBIADES: How so?~SOCRATES: Let me
277 Text |          races or not in noble races?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly in noble races.~
278 Text |              to be perfect in virtue?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Then
279 Text |              to Perseus, son of Zeus?~ALCIBIADES: Why, so does mine go back
280 Text |             SOCRATES: And mine, noble Alcibiades, to Daedalus, and he to
281 Text |             when you and I were born, Alcibiades, as the comic poet says,
282 Text |            whereas Pericles gave you, Alcibiades, for a tutor Zopyrus the
283 Text |               not wonder to what this Alcibiades trusts for success in the
284 Text |            And if she heard that this Alcibiades who is making the attempt
285 Text |               think that we were mad, Alcibiades, when she compared the advantages
286 Text |            man ever desired anything.~ALCIBIADES: I entirely believe you;
287 Text |           have an advantage over you.~ALCIBIADES: What is that?~SOCRATES:
288 Text |              your guardian, Pericles.~ALCIBIADES: Who is he, Socrates?~SOCRATES:
289 Text |              Socrates?~SOCRATES: God, Alcibiades, who up to this day has
290 Text |               to bring you to honour.~ALCIBIADES: You are jesting, Socrates.~
291 Text |              you and I above all men.~ALCIBIADES: You are not far wrong about
292 Text |           certainly not about myself.~ALCIBIADES: But what can we do?~SOCRATES:
293 Text |              or cowardice, my friend.~ALCIBIADES: That would not become us,
294 Text |               be as good as possible?~ALCIBIADES: We do.~SOCRATES: In what
295 Text |               In what sort of virtue?~ALCIBIADES: Plainly, in the virtue
296 Text |       SOCRATES: Who are good in what?~ALCIBIADES: Those, clearly, who are
297 Text |          affairs? Equestrian affairs?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
298 Text |            have recourse to horsemen?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Well, naval
299 Text |        SOCRATES: Well, naval affairs?~ALCIBIADES: No.~SOCRATES: You mean
300 Text |       recourse to sailors about them?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then what
301 Text |             affairs? And who do them?~ALCIBIADES: The affairs which occupy
302 Text |               the wise or the unwise?~ALCIBIADES: The wise.~SOCRATES: And
303 Text |             that in which he is wise?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And evil
304 Text |           that in which he is unwise?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: The
305 Text |               of the making of shoes?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then he
306 Text |              Then he is good in that?~ALCIBIADES: He is.~SOCRATES: But in
307 Text |             of garments he is unwise?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then in
308 Text |               Then in that he is bad?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then upon
309 Text |             man is good and also bad?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: But would
310 Text |              are the same as the bad?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
311 Text |            whom do you call the good?~ALCIBIADES: I mean by the good those
312 Text |             Not, surely, over horses?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
313 Text |               SOCRATES: But over men?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: When they
314 Text |         SOCRATES: When they are sick?~ALCIBIADES: No.~SOCRATES: Or on a voyage?~
315 Text |             SOCRATES: Or on a voyage?~ALCIBIADES: No.~SOCRATES: Or reaping
316 Text |               Or reaping the harvest?~ALCIBIADES: No.~SOCRATES: When they
317 Text |           doing something or nothing?~ALCIBIADES: When they are doing something,
318 Text |               what this something is.~ALCIBIADES: When they are having dealings
319 Text |            the services of other men?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Are they
320 Text |               the time to the rowers?~ALCIBIADES: No; they are not.~SOCRATES:
321 Text |              the office of the pilot?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: But, perhaps
322 Text |              services of the dancers?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
323 Text |            the teacher of the chorus?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then what
324 Text |           over men who use other men?~ALCIBIADES: I mean that they rule over
325 Text | fellow-sailors,—how would you answer?~ALCIBIADES: The art of the pilot.~SOCRATES:
326 Text |            over their fellow-singers?~ALCIBIADES: The art of the teacher
327 Text |               art of fellow-citizens?~ALCIBIADES: I should say, good counsel,
328 Text |               the pilot evil counsel?~ALCIBIADES: No.~SOCRATES: But good
329 Text |           SOCRATES: But good counsel?~ALCIBIADES: Yes, that is what I should
330 Text |           counsel of which you speak?~ALCIBIADES: The aim is the better order
331 Text |               You would say the same?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And if you
332 Text |          hearing was present in them.~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: And what
333 Text |           better managed and ordered?~ALCIBIADES: I should say, Socrates:—
334 Text |            agreement or disagreement?~ALCIBIADES: Agreement.~SOCRATES: What
335 Text |           cities agree about numbers?~ALCIBIADES: Arithmetic.~SOCRATES: And
336 Text |              And private individuals?~ALCIBIADES: The same.~SOCRATES: And
337 Text |        individual agree with himself?~ALCIBIADES: The same.~SOCRATES: And
338 Text |               not the art of measure?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Individuals
339 Text |            this; and states, equally?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And the
340 Text |            same holds of the balance?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: But what
341 Text |             himself and with another?~ALCIBIADES: I should suppose so.~SOCRATES:
342 Text |                answer, and faint not.~ALCIBIADES: I mean to say that there
343 Text |              SOCRATES: But can a man, Alcibiades, agree with a woman about
344 Text |          understands and he does not?~ALCIBIADES: No, truly.~SOCRATES: Nor
345 Text |              a female accomplishment.~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And would
346 Text |          which she has never learned?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
347 Text |             as a male accomplishment?~ALCIBIADES: It would.~SOCRATES: Then,
348 Text |               two sorts of knowledge?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Then
349 Text |           agreement of women and men?~ALCIBIADES: There is not.~SOCRATES:
350 Text |              friendship is agreement?~ALCIBIADES: Plainly not.~SOCRATES:
351 Text |               they do their own work?~ALCIBIADES: I suppose not.~SOCRATES:
352 Text |               they do their own work?~ALCIBIADES: No.~SOCRATES: Nor are states
353 Text |        individuals do their own work?~ALCIBIADES: I should rather think,
354 Text |             secures their good order?~ALCIBIADES: But I should say that there
355 Text |            the other is in ignorance?~ALCIBIADES: Impossible.~SOCRATES: And
356 Text |               what is just or unjust?~ALCIBIADES: What is just, certainly.~
357 Text |             no friendship among them?~ALCIBIADES: I suppose that there must
358 Text |           have it, and sometimes not.~ALCIBIADES: But, indeed, Socrates,
359 Text |             discovery should be made.~ALCIBIADES: And what should he do,
360 Text |           SOCRATES: Answer questions, Alcibiades; and that is a process which,
361 Text |              improving to both of us.~ALCIBIADES: If I can be improved by
362 Text |               of what belongs to him?~ALCIBIADES: I should think so.~SOCRATES:
363 Text |            which belongs to his feet?~ALCIBIADES: I do not understand.~SOCRATES:
364 Text |               and to the finger only?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And the
365 Text |              like manner to the foot?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And when
366 Text |            not take care of our feet?~ALCIBIADES: I do not comprehend, Socrates.~
367 Text |        SOCRATES: But you would admit, Alcibiades, that to take proper care
368 Text |              is a correct expression?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And taking
369 Text |          proper care means improving?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And what
370 Text |             which improves our shoes?~ALCIBIADES: Shoemaking.~SOCRATES: Then
371 Text |               take care of our shoes?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And do we
372 Text |              which improves the feet?~ALCIBIADES: By some other art.~SOCRATES:
373 Text |        improves the rest of the body?~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: Which
374 Text |         SOCRATES: Which is gymnastic?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Then
375 Text |            which belongs to our feet?~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: And
376 Text |           which belongs to our hands?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And by gymnastic
377 Text |               the things of the body?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly.~SOCRATES: Then
378 Text |             belongings of each thing?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: Then in
379 Text |            not take care of yourself?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
380 Text |              takes care of ourselves?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly not.~SOCRATES:
381 Text |               take care of ourselves?~ALCIBIADES: I cannot say.~SOCRATES:
382 Text |               makes ourselves better?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: But should
383 Text |               we did not know a shoe?~ALCIBIADES: Impossible.~SOCRATES: Nor
384 Text |               we did not know a ring?~ALCIBIADES: That is true.~SOCRATES:
385 Text |           know what we are ourselves?~ALCIBIADES: Impossible.~SOCRATES: And
386 Text |               few are able to attain?~ALCIBIADES: At times I fancy, Socrates,
387 Text |            whether easy or difficult, Alcibiades, still there is no other
388 Text |           ignorant we shall not know.~ALCIBIADES: That is true.~SOCRATES:
389 Text |          otherwise we can never know.~ALCIBIADES: You say truly.~SOCRATES:
390 Text |                with whom but with me?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: As I am,
391 Text |          SOCRATES: As I am, with you?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: That is
392 Text |              I, Socrates, am talking?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And Alcibiades
393 Text |        ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And Alcibiades is my hearer?~ALCIBIADES:
394 Text |              Alcibiades is my hearer?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And I in
395 Text |               I in talking use words?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
396 Text |            suppose, the same meaning?~ALCIBIADES: To be sure.~SOCRATES: And
397 Text |              the thing which he uses?~ALCIBIADES: What do you mean?~SOCRATES:
398 Text |              other tools for cutting?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: But the
399 Text |          cutter and user of the tool?~ALCIBIADES: Of course not.~SOCRATES:
400 Text |              from the harper himself?~ALCIBIADES: It is.~SOCRATES: Now the
401 Text |              from that which he uses?~ALCIBIADES: I do.~SOCRATES: Then what
402 Text |               only or with his hands?~ALCIBIADES: With his hands as well.~
403 Text |                He uses his hands too?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And does
404 Text |              eyes in cutting leather?~ALCIBIADES: He does.~SOCRATES: And
405 Text |             the things which he uses?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then the
406 Text |              and feet which they use?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly.~SOCRATES: And
407 Text |               man use the whole body?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
408 Text |              from that which is used?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: Then a
409 Text |             the same as his own body?~ALCIBIADES: That is the inference.~
410 Text |           SOCRATES: What is he, then?~ALCIBIADES: I cannot say.~SOCRATES:
411 Text |              is the user of the body.~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And the
412 Text |              of the body is the soul?~ALCIBIADES: Yes, the soul.~SOCRATES:
413 Text |         SOCRATES: And the soul rules?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Let me make
414 Text |              be universally admitted.~ALCIBIADES: What is it?~SOCRATES: That
415 Text |               is one of three things.~ALCIBIADES: What are they?~SOCRATES:
416 Text |             together forming a whole.~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: But
417 Text |         principle of the body is man?~ALCIBIADES: Yes, we did.~SOCRATES:
418 Text |            the body rule over itself?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
419 Text |           subject, as we were saying?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then that
420 Text |       principle which we are seeking?~ALCIBIADES: It would seem not.~SOCRATES:
421 Text |        consequently that this is man?~ALCIBIADES: Very likely.~SOCRATES:
422 Text |          united cannot possibly rule.~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: But since
423 Text |        existence, or the soul is man?~ALCIBIADES: Just so.~SOCRATES: Is anything
424 Text |           prove that the soul is man?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not; the proof
425 Text |               be too much protracted.~ALCIBIADES: What was that?~SOCRATES:
426 Text |              ourselves than the soul?~ALCIBIADES: There is nothing.~SOCRATES:
427 Text |            one another, soul to soul?~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: And
428 Text |              talking with the face of Alcibiades, but with the real Alcibiades;
429 Text |         Alcibiades, but with the real Alcibiades; or in other words, with
430 Text |           other words, with his soul.~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: Then he
431 Text |               have him know his soul?~ALCIBIADES: That appears to be true.~
432 Text |              and not the man himself?~ALCIBIADES: That is true.~SOCRATES:
433 Text |               trainer, knows himself?~ALCIBIADES: He does not.~SOCRATES:
434 Text |           which minister to the body.~ALCIBIADES: That is true.~SOCRATES:
435 Text |            none of them is temperate?~ALCIBIADES: I agree.~SOCRATES: And
436 Text |              good man would practise?~ALCIBIADES: Quite true.~SOCRATES: Again,
437 Text |              but what belongs to him?~ALCIBIADES: That is true.~SOCRATES:
438 Text |         further removed from himself?~ALCIBIADES: I agree.~SOCRATES: Then
439 Text |       occupied with his own concerns?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: And if
440 Text |               love with the person of Alcibiades, he loves not Alcibiades,
441 Text |              Alcibiades, he loves not Alcibiades, but the belongings of Alcibiades?~
442 Text |     Alcibiades, but the belongings of Alcibiades?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES:
443 Text |             belongings of Alcibiades?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: But he
444 Text |               soul is the true lover?~ALCIBIADES: That is the necessary inference.~
445 Text |            the flower of youth fades?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: But he
446 Text |            soul follows after virtue?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And I am
447 Text |          young and the rest are gone?~ALCIBIADES: Yes, Socrates; and therein
448 Text |           must try to look your best.~ALCIBIADES: I will.~SOCRATES: The fact
449 Text |            there is only one lover of Alcibiades the son of Cleinias; there
450 Text |          Sophroniscus and Phaenarete.~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: And did
451 Text |        enquiring why I only remained?~ALCIBIADES: That is true.~SOCRATES:
452 Text |             caution which I give you.~ALCIBIADES: What caution?~SOCRATES:
453 Text |           keep you out of harm’s way.~ALCIBIADES: Good advice, Socrates,
454 Text |               which is not ourselves.~ALCIBIADES: That is true.~SOCRATES:
455 Text |               soul, and look to that?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Leaving
456 Text |             our properties to others?~ALCIBIADES: Very good.~SOCRATES: But
457 Text |               were just now speaking?~ALCIBIADES: What have you in your thoughts,
458 Text |               suitable to my purpose.~ALCIBIADES: What do you mean?~SOCRATES:
459 Text |            which it would see itself?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly.~SOCRATES: And
460 Text |               which we see ourselves?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly, Socrates, in looking
461 Text |               mirror in our own eyes?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Did
462 Text |          image of the person looking?~ALCIBIADES: That is quite true.~SOCRATES:
463 Text |                will there see itself?~ALCIBIADES: That is evident.~SOCRATES:
464 Text |               it will not see itself?~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: Then
465 Text |            virtue of the eye resides?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: And if
466 Text |              And if the soul, my dear Alcibiades, is ever to know herself,
467 Text |             other which is like this?~ALCIBIADES: I agree, Socrates.~SOCRATES:
468 Text |            with wisdom and knowledge?~ALCIBIADES: There is none.~SOCRATES:
469 Text |               likely to know himself?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly.~SOCRATES: And
470 Text | self-knowledge we agree to be wisdom?~ALCIBIADES: True.~SOCRATES: But if
471 Text |           know our own good and evil?~ALCIBIADES: How can we, Socrates?~SOCRATES:
472 Text |              that if you did not know Alcibiades, there would be no possibility
473 Text |         knowing that what belonged to Alcibiades was really his?~ALCIBIADES:
474 Text |            Alcibiades was really his?~ALCIBIADES: It would be quite impossible.~
475 Text |               did not know ourselves?~ALCIBIADES: How could we?~SOCRATES:
476 Text |         belongings of our belongings?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly not.~SOCRATES:
477 Text |             man, and of the same art.~ALCIBIADES: So much may be supposed.~
478 Text |               which belong to others?~ALCIBIADES: Very true.~SOCRATES: And
479 Text |           know the affairs of states?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
480 Text |             can never be a statesman?~ALCIBIADES: He cannot.~SOCRATES: Nor
481 Text |           SOCRATES: Nor an economist?~ALCIBIADES: He cannot.~SOCRATES: He
482 Text |            not know what he is doing?~ALCIBIADES: He will not.~SOCRATES:
483 Text |             ignorant fall into error?~ALCIBIADES: Assuredly.~SOCRATES: And
484 Text |          public and private capacity?~ALCIBIADES: Yes, indeed.~SOCRATES:
485 Text |             will he not be miserable?~ALCIBIADES: Very.~SOCRATES: And what
486 Text |          those for whom he is acting?~ALCIBIADES: They will be miserable
487 Text |             and good cannot be happy?~ALCIBIADES: He cannot.~SOCRATES: The
488 Text |             bad, then, are miserable?~ALCIBIADES: Yes, very.~SOCRATES: And
489 Text |            delivered from his misery?~ALCIBIADES: Clearly.~SOCRATES: Cities,
490 Text |           docks, or numbers, or size, Alcibiades, without virtue? (Compare
491 Text |         virtue? (Compare Arist. Pol.)~ALCIBIADES: Indeed they do not.~SOCRATES:
492 Text |             affairs rightly or nobly?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: But
493 Text |           give that which he has not?~ALCIBIADES: Impossible.~SOCRATES: Then
494 Text |           first place acquire virtue.~ALCIBIADES: That is true.~SOCRATES:
495 Text |               but justice and wisdom.~ALCIBIADES: Clearly.~SOCRATES: You
496 Text |         according to the will of God?~ALCIBIADES: Certainly.~SOCRATES: As
497 Text |              act with a view to them?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: In that
498 Text |         yourselves and your own good?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: And so you
499 Text |            will act rightly and well?~ALCIBIADES: Yes.~SOCRATES: In which
500 Text |          security for your happiness.~ALCIBIADES: I accept the security.~