| Table of Contents | Words: Alphabetical - Frequency - Inverse - Length - Statistics | Help | IntraText Library | ||
| Alphabetical [« »] polon 2 polu 1 polumatheian 1 polus 317 polycleitus 3 polycrates 1 polydamas 1 | Frequency [« »] 318 admit 318 until 317 elements 317 polus 317 seem 316 appears 315 pain | Plato Partial collection IntraText - Concordances polus |
Gorgias
Part
1 Intro| three characters of Gorgias, Polus, and Callicles respectively
2 Intro| dealing with the youthful Polus, ironical and sarcastic
3 Intro| the hands of his disciple Polus, who rushes to the defence
4 Intro| even explain his meaning to Polus, he must enlighten him upon
5 Intro| shams or flatteries. When Polus finds his favourite art
6 Intro| they are strange to him, Polus is at last convinced of
7 Intro| everything and know nothing.~Polus is an impetuous youth, a
8 Intro| younger friend and disciple Polus.~SOCRATES: Put the question
9 Intro| answer, ‘I am a cobbler.’~Polus suggests that Gorgias may
10 Intro| experimental arts,’ etc., replies Polus, in rhetorical and balanced
11 Intro| remarks to Gorgias, that Polus has learnt how to make a
12 Intro| him from ever doing wrong. Polus is naturally exasperated
13 Intro| condition, which is that Polus studies brevity. Polus is
14 Intro| that Polus studies brevity. Polus is in great indignation
15 Intro| compare Protag.), that Polus shall ask and Socrates answer.~‘
16 Intro| the art of Rhetoric?’ says Polus. Not an art at all, replies
17 Intro| affirm to have created art. Polus asks, ‘What thing?’ and
18 Intro| What is rhetoric?’ asks Polus once more. A part of a not
19 Intro| unintelligible, both to Gorgias and Polus; and, in order to explain
20 Intro| of the subject, and begs Polus not unnecessarily to retaliate
21 Intro| is real power. To this Polus assents, on the ground that
22 Intro| mental and moral condition. Polus explains that Archelaus
23 Intro| dismisses the appeal to numbers; Polus, if he will, may summon
24 Intro| suffers than if he escapes. Polus is of opinion that such
25 Intro| miserable of the two. At this Polus laughs outright, which leads
26 Intro| new species of refutation. Polus replies, that he is already
27 Intro| worse than to suffer evil.~Polus, though he will not admit
28 Intro| to pleasure and utility? Polus assents to this latter doctrine,
29 Intro| proved by the testimony of Polus himself to be worse or more
30 Intro| was overthrown because, as Polus said, in compliance with
31 Intro| rhetorician must teach him; and Polus has been similarly entangled,
32 Intro| this very argument, what Polus only meant in a conventional
33 Intro| frankness; Gorgias and Polus, although learned men, were
34 Intro| doctrine of himself and Polus, that all things should
35 Intro| in self-accusation, and Polus was right in saying that
36 Intro| case which he described to Polus, he may be the physician
37 Intro| advantages which he gains over Polus are also due to a false
38 Intro| characters of Gorgias and Polus, we are not passing any
39 Intro| objections of Gorgias and Polus, and therefore he sometimes
40 Intro| At length he makes even Polus in earnest. Finally, he
41 Intro| The world, represented by Polus, is ready, when they are
42 Text | Socrates, Chaerephon, Gorgias, Polus.~SCENE: The house of Callicles.~
43 Text | Chaerephon, you can make trial.~POLUS: Yes, indeed, and if you
44 Text | CHAEREPHON: And do you, Polus, think that you can answer
45 Text | answer better than Gorgias?~POLUS: What does that matter if
46 Text | shall answer if you like.~POLUS: Ask:—~CHAEREPHON: My question
47 Text | is given to his brother?~POLUS: Certainly.~CHAEREPHON:
48 Text | calling him a physician?~POLUS: Yes.~CHAEREPHON: And if
49 Text | what ought we to call him?~POLUS: Clearly, a painter.~CHAEREPHON:
50 Text | in which he is skilled.~POLUS: O Chaerephon, there are
51 Text | is the noblest.~SOCRATES: Polus has been taught how to make
52 Text | from the few words which Polus has uttered, that he has
53 Text | rhetoric than to dialectic.~POLUS: What makes you say so,
54 Text | Socrates?~SOCRATES: Because, Polus, when Chaerephon asked you
55 Text | never said what the art was.~POLUS: Why, did I not say that
56 Text | longer mode of speech which Polus was attempting? Will you
57 Text | at the truth of all this.~POLUS: And do even you, Socrates,
58 Text | pass.~SOCRATES: Illustrious Polus, the reason why we provide
59 Text | fallen-upon one condition:~POLUS: What condition?~SOCRATES:
60 Text | SOCRATES: That you contract, Polus, the prolixity of speech
61 Text | which you indulged at first.~POLUS: What! do you mean that
62 Text | Gorgias knows—would you not?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And you,
63 Text | know how to answer him?~POLUS: To be sure.~SOCRATES: And
64 Text | will you do, ask or answer?~POLUS: I will ask; and do you
65 Text | mean what sort of an art?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: To say the
66 Text | SOCRATES: To say the truth, Polus, it is not an art at all,
67 Text | art at all, in my opinion.~POLUS: Then what, in your opinion,
68 Text | that you have made an art.~POLUS: What thing?~SOCRATES: I
69 Text | say a sort of experience.~POLUS: Does rhetoric seem to you
70 Text | may be of another mind.~POLUS: An experience in what?~
71 Text | delight and gratification.~POLUS: And if able to gratify
72 Text | SOCRATES: What are you saying, Polus? Why do you ask me whether
73 Text | told you what rhetoric is?~POLUS: Did I not hear you say
74 Text | slight gratification to me?~POLUS: I will.~SOCRATES: Will
75 Text | sort of an art is cookery?~POLUS: What sort of an art is
76 Text | SOCRATES: Not an art at all, Polus.~POLUS: What then?~SOCRATES:
77 Text | Not an art at all, Polus.~POLUS: What then?~SOCRATES: I
78 Text | should say an experience.~POLUS: In what? I wish that you
79 Text | delight and gratification, Polus.~POLUS: Then are cookery
80 Text | and gratification, Polus.~POLUS: Then are cookery and rhetoric
81 Text | of the same profession.~POLUS: Of what profession?~SOCRATES:
82 Text | things answering to them. And Polus may ask, if he likes, for
83 Text | that would not be right, Polus; but I shall be happy to
84 Text | of flattery is rhetoric?~POLUS: I will ask and do you answer?
85 Text | counterfeit of a part of politics.~POLUS: And noble or ignoble?~SOCRATES:
86 Text | explained myself, and our friend Polus, colt by name and colt by
87 Text | untranslatable play on the name ‘Polus,’ which means ‘a colt.’)~
88 Text | I am mistaken, my friend Polus shall refute me. We may
89 Text | and of an ignoble sort, Polus, for to you I am now addressing
90 Text | word with which you, friend Polus, are so well acquainted,
91 Text | you please with my answer.~POLUS: What do you mean? do you
92 Text | flattery; if at your age, Polus, you cannot remember, what
93 Text | by-and-by, when you get older?~POLUS: And are the good rhetoricians
94 Text | the beginning of a speech?~POLUS: I am asking a question.~
95 Text | are not regarded at all.~POLUS: How not regarded? Have
96 Text | a good to the possessor.~POLUS: And that is what I do mean
97 Text | power of all the citizens.~POLUS: What! are they not like
98 Text | please.~SOCRATES: By the dog, Polus, I cannot make out at each
99 Text | asking a question of me.~POLUS: I am asking a question
100 Text | ask two questions at once.~POLUS: How two questions?~SOCRATES:
101 Text | any one whom they please?~POLUS: I did.~SOCRATES: Well then,
102 Text | of them. And I tell you, Polus, that rhetoricians and tyrants
103 Text | only what they think best.~POLUS: And is not that a great
104 Text | a great power?~SOCRATES: Polus has already said the reverse.~
105 Text | already said the reverse.~POLUS: Said the reverse! nay,
106 Text | to him who has the power.~POLUS: I do.~SOCRATES: And would
107 Text | you call this great power?~POLUS: I should not.~SOCRATES:
108 Text | without sense is an evil.~POLUS: Yes; I admit that.~SOCRATES:
109 Text | power in states, unless Polus can refute Socrates, and
110 Text | that they do as they will?~POLUS: This fellow—~SOCRATES:
111 Text | they will;—now refute me.~POLUS: Why, have you not already
112 Text | SOCRATES: And I say so still.~POLUS: Then surely they do as
113 Text | will?~SOCRATES: I deny it.~POLUS: But they do what they think
114 Text | think best?~SOCRATES: Aye.~POLUS: That, Socrates, is monstrous
115 Text | SOCRATES: Good words, good Polus, as I may say in your own
116 Text | give the answer yourself.~POLUS: Very well, I am willing
117 Text | sake of which they drink?~POLUS: Clearly, the health.~SOCRATES:
118 Text | which they go on a voyage.~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
119 Text | sake of which he does it.~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And are
120 Text | intermediate and indifferent?~POLUS: To be sure, Socrates.~SOCRATES:
121 Text | and their opposites evils?~POLUS: I should.~SOCRATES: And
122 Text | call neither good nor evil?~POLUS: Exactly so.~SOCRATES: Are
123 Text | sake of the indifferent?~POLUS: Clearly, the indifferent
124 Text | for the sake of the good?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And when
125 Text | will conduce to our good?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Men
126 Text | for the sake of the good?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And did
127 Text | sake of which we do them?~POLUS: Most true.~SOCRATES: Then
128 Text | will. Why are you silent, Polus? Am I not right?~POLUS:
129 Text | Polus? Am I not right?~POLUS: You are right.~SOCRATES:
130 Text | what seems best to him?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: But does
131 Text | Why do you not answer?~POLUS: Well, I suppose not.~SOCRATES:
132 Text | great power in a state?~POLUS: He will not.~SOCRATES:
133 Text | and not do what he wills?~POLUS: As though you, Socrates,
134 Text | or unjustly, do you mean?~POLUS: In either case is he not
135 Text | envied?~SOCRATES: Forbear, Polus!~POLUS: Why ‘forbear’?~SOCRATES:
136 Text | SOCRATES: Forbear, Polus!~POLUS: Why ‘forbear’?~SOCRATES:
137 Text | but only to pity them.~POLUS: And are those of whom I
138 Text | Yes, certainly they are.~POLUS: And so you think that he
139 Text | that he is to be envied.~POLUS: Were you not saying just
140 Text | if he killed him justly.~POLUS: At any rate you will allow
141 Text | SOCRATES: Not so much, Polus, as he who kills him, and
142 Text | he who is justly killed.~POLUS: How can that be, Socrates?~
143 Text | is the greatest of evils.~POLUS: But is it the greatest?
144 Text | SOCRATES: Certainly not.~POLUS: Then would you rather suffer
145 Text | would rather suffer than do.~POLUS: Then you would not wish
146 Text | by tyranny what I mean.~POLUS: I mean, as I said before,
147 Text | take a dagger under my arm. Polus, I say to you, I have just
148 Text | think best is great power?~POLUS: Certainly not such doing
149 Text | disapprove of such a power?~POLUS: I can.~SOCRATES: Why then?~
150 Text | can.~SOCRATES: Why then?~POLUS: Why, because he who did
151 Text | And punishment is an evil?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
152 Text | and sometimes not a good?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: About
153 Text | may be supposed to agree?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: Tell me,
154 Text | principle do you lay down?~POLUS: I would rather, Socrates,
155 Text | question.~SOCRATES: Well, Polus, since you would rather
156 Text | evil when they are unjust.~POLUS: You are hard of refutation,
157 Text | doing good to a friend.~POLUS: Yes, Socrates, and I need
158 Text | SOCRATES: What events?~POLUS: You see, I presume, that
159 Text | rate I hear that he is.~POLUS: And do you think that he
160 Text | SOCRATES: I cannot say, Polus, for I have never had any
161 Text | any acquaintance with him.~POLUS: And cannot you tell at
162 Text | SOCRATES: Most certainly not.~POLUS: Then clearly, Socrates,
163 Text | of education and justice.~POLUS: What! and does all happiness
164 Text | SOCRATES: Yes, indeed, Polus, that is my doctrine; the
165 Text | and evil are miserable.~POLUS: Then, according to your
166 Text | friend, if he is wicked.~POLUS: That he is wicked I cannot
167 Text | I praised you at first, Polus, for being a rhetorician
168 Text | which you have been saying.~POLUS: That is because you will
169 Text | this to be your opinion?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: But
170 Text | he will still be happy?~POLUS: Certainly not; in that
171 Text | to you, he will be happy?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: But in my
172 Text | SOCRATES: But in my opinion, Polus, the unjust or doer of unjust
173 Text | the hands of gods and men.~POLUS: You are maintaining a strange
174 Text | than to suffer injustice?~POLUS: Exactly so.~SOCRATES: And
175 Text | And you said the opposite?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: I said also
176 Text | miserable, and you refuted me?~POLUS: By Zeus, I did.~SOCRATES:
177 Text | SOCRATES: In your own opinion, Polus.~POLUS: Yes, and I rather
178 Text | your own opinion, Polus.~POLUS: Yes, and I rather suspect
179 Text | happy if he be unpunished?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
180 Text | refute this proposition also?~POLUS: A proposition which is
181 Text | Socrates.~SOCRATES: Say rather, Polus, impossible; for who can
182 Text | who can refute the truth?~POLUS: What do you mean? If a
183 Text | SOCRATES: There again, noble Polus, you are raising hobgoblins
184 Text | make himself a tyrant’?~POLUS: Yes, I did.~SOCRATES: Then
185 Text | of the two. Do you laugh, Polus? Well, this is a new kind
186 Text | refuting him to laugh at him.~POLUS: But do you not think, Socrates,
187 Text | the company.~SOCRATES: O Polus, I am not a public man,
188 Text | punished than to be punished.~POLUS: And I should say neither
189 Text | too; I or any man would.~POLUS: Quite the reverse; neither
190 Text | SOCRATES: But will you answer?~POLUS: To be sure, I will; for
191 Text | beginning: which of the two, Polus, in your opinion, is the
192 Text | injustice or to suffer?~POLUS: I should say that suffering
193 Text | greater disgrace?—Answer.~POLUS: To do.~SOCRATES: And the
194 Text | disgrace is the greater evil?~POLUS: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
195 Text | disgraceful as the evil?~POLUS: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
196 Text | account of personal beauty?~POLUS: I cannot.~SOCRATES: And
197 Text | of their use, or of both?~POLUS: Yes, I should.~SOCRATES:
198 Text | beautiful for the same reason?~POLUS: I should.~SOCRATES: Laws
199 Text | useful or pleasant or both?~POLUS: I think not.~SOCRATES:
200 Text | the beauty of knowledge?~POLUS: To be sure, Socrates; and
201 Text | standard of pain and evil?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Then
202 Text | pleasure or utility or both?~POLUS: Very true.~SOCRATES: And
203 Text | evil—must it not be so?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: But then
204 Text | wrong more disgraceful?~POLUS: I did.~SOCRATES: Then,
205 Text | does not that also follow?~POLUS: Of course.~SOCRATES: First,
206 Text | suffer more than the injured?~POLUS: No, Socrates; certainly
207 Text | they do not exceed in pain?~POLUS: No.~SOCRATES: But if not
208 Text | pain, then not in both?~POLUS: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
209 Text | only exceed in the other?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: That is
210 Text | That is to say, in evil?~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: Then doing
211 Text | than suffering injustice?~POLUS: Clearly.~SOCRATES: But
212 Text | disgraceful than to suffer?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And that
213 Text | discovered to be more evil?~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: And would
214 Text | dishonour to a less one? Answer, Polus, and fear not; for you will
215 Text | say ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to me.~POLUS: I should say ‘No.’~SOCRATES:
216 Text | greater to a less evil?~POLUS: No, not according to this
217 Text | SOCRATES: Then I said truly, Polus, that neither you, nor I,
218 Text | greater evil of the two.~POLUS: That is the conclusion.~
219 Text | conclusion.~SOCRATES: You see, Polus, when you compare the two
220 Text | corrected when you do wrong?~POLUS: I should.~SOCRATES: And
221 Text | and tell me your opinion.~POLUS: Yes, Socrates, I think
222 Text | there not also be a patient?~POLUS: I should say so.~SOCRATES:
223 Text | something which is stricken?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And if the
224 Text | struck violently or quickly?~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: And the
225 Text | act of him who strikes?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And if a
226 Text | something which is burned?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
227 Text | burned in the same way?~POLUS: Truly.~SOCRATES: And if
228 Text | there will be something cut?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And if the
229 Text | will be of the same nature?~POLUS: That is evident.~SOCRATES:
230 Text | affection of the agent?~POLUS: I agree.~SOCRATES: Then,
231 Text | is suffering or acting?~POLUS: Suffering, Socrates; there
232 Text | suffering implies an agent?~POLUS: Certainly, Socrates; and
233 Text | rightly, punishes justly?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And therefore
234 Text | therefore he acts justly?~POLUS: Justly.~SOCRATES: Then
235 Text | retribution, suffers justly?~POLUS: That is evident.~SOCRATES:
236 Text | admitted to be honourable?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Then
237 Text | suffers what is honourable?~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: And if
238 Text | either pleasant or useful?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Then
239 Text | punished suffers what is good?~POLUS: That is true.~SOCRATES:
240 Text | SOCRATES: Then he is benefited?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: Do I understand
241 Text | punished his soul is improved.~POLUS: Surely.~SOCRATES: Then
242 Text | from the evil of his soul?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And is he
243 Text | greater evil than poverty?~POLUS: There is no greater evil.~
244 Text | and disease and deformity?~POLUS: I should.~SOCRATES: And
245 Text | has some evil of her own?~POLUS: Of course.~SOCRATES: And
246 Text | cowardice, and the like?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: So
247 Text | injustice, disease, poverty?~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: And which
248 Text | general the evil of the soul?~POLUS: By far the most.~SOCRATES:
249 Text | disgraceful, then also the worst?~POLUS: What do you mean, Socrates?~
250 Text | painful or hurtful, or both.~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
251 Text | to be most disgraceful?~POLUS: It has been admitted.~SOCRATES:
252 Text | or most hurtful, or both?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
253 Text | than to be poor and sick?~POLUS: Nay, Socrates; the painfulness
254 Text | hurtfulness of the evil.~POLUS: Clearly.~SOCRATES: And
255 Text | be the greatest of evils?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then injustice
256 Text | are the greatest of evils?~POLUS: That is evident.~SOCRATES:
257 Text | the art of making money?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And what
258 Text | not the art of medicine?~POLUS: Very true.~SOCRATES: And
259 Text | and to whom we take them.~POLUS: To the physicians, Socrates.~
260 Text | unjust and intemperate?~POLUS: To the judges, you mean.~
261 Text | Who are to punish them?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And do not
262 Text | certain rule of justice?~POLUS: Clearly.~SOCRATES: Then
263 Text | intemperance and injustice?~POLUS: That is evident.~SOCRATES:
264 Text | the best of these three?~POLUS: Will you enumerate them?~
265 Text | medicine, and justice.~POLUS: Justice, Socrates, far
266 Text | pleasure or advantage or both?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: But is the
267 Text | are being healed pleased?~POLUS: I think not.~SOCRATES:
268 Text | SOCRATES: A useful thing, then?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: Yes, because
269 Text | pain—that you get well?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
270 Text | never was out of health?~POLUS: Clearly he who was never
271 Text | in never having had them.~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: And suppose
272 Text | them is the most miserable?~POLUS: Clearly he who is not healed.~
273 Text | of evils, which is vice?~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: And justice
274 Text | the medicine of our vice?~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: He, then,
275 Text | be the greatest of evils.~POLUS: Clearly.~SOCRATES: And
276 Text | is delivered from vice?~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: That is
277 Text | and rebuke and punishment?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then he
278 Text | deliverance from injustice?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: That
279 Text | potentates? (Compare Republic.)~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: May not
280 Text | not that a parallel case?~POLUS: Yes, truly.~SOCRATES: He
281 Text | vigour; and if we are right, Polus, in our previous conclusions,
282 Text | of persuasion. But if we, Polus, are right, do you see what
283 Text | the consequences in form?~POLUS: If you please.~SOCRATES:
284 Text | is the greatest of evils?~POLUS: That is quite clear.~SOCRATES:
285 Text | released from this evil?~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: And not
286 Text | to perpetuate the evil?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: To do wrong,
287 Text | first and greatest of all?~POLUS: That is true.~SOCRATES:
288 Text | Was not that what I said?~POLUS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And it has
289 Text | been proved to be true?~POLUS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Well,
290 Text | Certainly.~SOCRATES: Well, Polus, but if this is true, where
291 Text | thereby suffer great evil?~POLUS: True.~SOCRATES: And if
292 Text | allow this consequence, Polus, if our former admissions
293 Text | inference consistent with them?~POLUS: To that, Socrates, there
294 Text | rhetoric is of no use to us, Polus, in helping a man to excuse
295 Text | the greatest evil. Then, Polus, rhetoric would indeed be
296 Text | say ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to that?~POLUS: To me, Socrates, what you
297 Text | premises are not disproven?~POLUS: Yes; it certainly is.~SOCRATES:
298 Text | can. For such purposes, Polus, rhetoric may be useful,
299 Text | declaiming in this way because Polus has fallen into the same
300 Text | which you delight. Whereupon Polus laughed at you deservedly,
301 Text | suffering injustice. When Polus was speaking of the conventionally
302 Text | two strangers, Gorgias and Polus, are undoubtedly wise men
303 Text | Callicles, why I scared Polus and Gorgias, until they
304 Text | Because, if you remember, Polus and I have agreed that all
305 Text | was saying to Gorgias and Polus; I was saying, as you will
306 Text | further said to Gorgias and Polus that cookery in my opinion
307 Text | that which you thought that Polus was led to admit out of
308 Text | position, which, according to Polus, Gorgias admitted out of
309 Text | whether you think that Polus and I were right in admitting
310 Text | times from you and from Polus and from nearly every man
311 Text | rhetorician, as I was saying to Polus, are the same, or nearly
312 Text | me, as I was arguing with Polus:—I shall be tried just as
313 Text | will be found Archelaus, if Polus truly reports of him, and
314 Text | now you see that you and Polus and Gorgias, who are the
Phaedrus
Part
315 Intro| technical terms invented by Polus, Theodorus, Evenus, Tisias,
316 Intro| notwithstanding the absurdities of Polus and others, rhetoric has
317 Text | SOCRATES: And there is also Polus, who has treasuries of diplasiology,