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The Apology
    Part
  1 Intro|       carried still further in the Gorgias, in which the thesis is
  2 Text |            honour to him. There is Gorgias of Leontium, and Prodicus


Charmides
    Part
  3 PreF |            me the Cratylus and the Gorgias; Mr. Paravicini, Student
  4 PreF |            the Translation of the ‘Gorgias,’ by Mr. Cope.~I have also


Cratylus
    Part
  5 Intro|            sophistry attributed to Gorgias, which reappears in the


Euthydemus
    Part
  6 Intro|             Euthyphro, Theaetetus, Gorgias, Republic; the nature of
  7 Intro|      caricature of rhetoric in the Gorgias.~The characters of the Dialogue


The First Alcibiades
    Part
  8 Pre  |  resemblances or imitations of the Gorgias, Protagoras, and Euthydemus,


Gorgias
    Part
  9 -    |                                    Gorgias~
 10 Intro|             Like the Phaedrus, the Gorgias has puzzled students of
 11 Intro|         definition of his art from Gorgias, Socrates assumes the existence
 12 Intro|            the three characters of Gorgias, Polus, and Callicles respectively
 13 Intro|    Socrates is deferential towards Gorgias, playful and yet cutting
 14 Intro|            is no answer given, for Gorgias is soon made to contradict
 15 Intro|        which are assigned to them. Gorgias is the great rhetorician,
 16 Intro|            have taken the place of Gorgias under the pretext that the
 17 Intro|          required conclusion. Like Gorgias, he is overthrown because
 18 Intro|         the power, in the words of Gorgias, of being ‘as long as he
 19 Intro|       argument by the authority of Gorgias. Once, when Socrates is
 20 Intro|         words.~The Socrates of the Gorgias may be compared with the
 21 Intro|            missed an exhibition of Gorgias, which he regrets, because
 22 Intro|           desirous, not of hearing Gorgias display his rhetoric, but
 23 Intro|            to his own house, where Gorgias is staying. There they find
 24 Intro|      cobbler.’~Polus suggests that Gorgias may be tired, and desires
 25 Intro|            answer for him. ‘Who is Gorgias?’ asks Chaerephon, imitating
 26 Intro|            the art, and remarks to Gorgias, that Polus has learnt how
 27 Intro|           question. He wishes that Gorgias would answer him. Gorgias
 28 Intro|          Gorgias would answer him. Gorgias is willing enough, and replies
 29 Intro|         rhetoric differ from them? Gorgias draws a distinction between
 30 Intro|      geometry, rhetoric. But still Gorgias could hardly have meant
 31 Intro|        human things.’ But tell me, Gorgias, what are the best? ‘Health
 32 Intro|        about odd and even numbers. Gorgias is made to see the necessity
 33 Intro|          or the general. How would Gorgias explain this phenomenon?
 34 Intro|      persuade or advise the state?~Gorgias illustrates the nature of
 35 Intro|         before he replies, whether Gorgias will quarrel with him if
 36 Intro|           who loves to be refuted. Gorgias declares that he is quite
 37 Intro|           inconsistency into which Gorgias appears to have fallen,
 38 Intro|   rhetorician has been declared by Gorgias to be more persuasive to
 39 Intro|    ignorance of his is regarded by Gorgias as a happy condition, for
 40 Intro|           of medicine or building? Gorgias is compelled to admit that
 41 Intro|      rhetoric is a just thing. But Gorgias has already admitted the
 42 Intro|            unintelligible, both to Gorgias and Polus; and, in order
 43 Intro|            Callicles answers, that Gorgias was overthrown because,
 44 Intro|   knowledge, good-will, frankness; Gorgias and Polus, although learned
 45 Intro|            by the interposition of Gorgias. Socrates, having already
 46 Intro|          than to suffer wrong, and Gorgias was right in saying that
 47 Intro|          are enveloped.~(1) In the Gorgias, as in nearly all the other
 48 Intro|       discovered in the answers of Gorgias (see above). The advantages
 49 Intro| consequences. Nor can Plato in the Gorgias be deemed purely self-regarding,
 50 Intro|          partly corrective. In the Gorgias, as well as in the Phaedo
 51 Intro|            The main purpose of the Gorgias is not to answer questions
 52 Intro| description of the just man in the Gorgias, or in the companion portrait
 53 Intro|     suggest themselves between the Gorgias and other dialogues, especially
 54 Intro|          and training of which the Gorgias suggests the necessity.
 55 Intro|           be compared with that of Gorgias, but the conception of happiness
 56 Intro| accumulated pleasure, while in the Gorgias, and in the Phaedo, pleasure
 57 Intro|       completely opposed as in the Gorgias. For innocent pleasures,
 58 Intro|          of goods. The allusion to Gorgias’ definition of rhetoric (
 59 Intro|  antagonism to public opinion, the Gorgias most nearly resembles the
 60 Intro|      criticising the characters of Gorgias and Polus, we are not passing
 61 Intro|      characteristic feature of the Gorgias is the assertion of the
 62 Intro|          more ironical than in the Gorgias. He hardly troubles himself
 63 Intro|        seriously the objections of Gorgias and Polus, and therefore
 64 Intro|          who, like Socrates in the Gorgias, find fault with all statesmen
 65 Intro|          spirit he declares in the Gorgias that the stately muse of
 66 Intro|           in the Phaedrus, Phaedo, Gorgias, and Republic. That in the
 67 Intro|       contained in the Phaedo, the Gorgias and the Republic, relate
 68 Intro|             not improved, from the Gorgias: the argument personified
 69 Intro|         forgotten.~The myth in the Gorgias is one of those descriptions
 70 Text |                                    GORGIAS~PERSONS OF THE DIALOGUE:
 71 Text |   Callicles, Socrates, Chaerephon, Gorgias, Polus.~SCENE: The house
 72 Text |            a delightful feast; for Gorgias has just been exhibiting
 73 Text |            I will also repair; for Gorgias is a friend of mine, and
 74 Text |         does Socrates want to hear Gorgias?~CHAEREPHON: Yes, that was
 75 Text |           into my house, then; for Gorgias is staying with me, and
 76 Text |         and will ask him: Tell me, Gorgias, is our friend Callicles
 77 Text |     questions which you are asked?~GORGIAS: Quite right, Chaerephon:
 78 Text |            you must be very ready, Gorgias.~GORGIAS: Of that, Chaerephon,
 79 Text |            be very ready, Gorgias.~GORGIAS: Of that, Chaerephon, you
 80 Text |           me too, for I think that Gorgias, who has been talking a
 81 Text |         you can answer better than Gorgias?~POLUS: What does that matter
 82 Text |            My question is this: If Gorgias had the skill of his brother
 83 Text |          best arts. And our friend Gorgias is one of the best, and
 84 Text |          to make a capital speech, Gorgias; but he is not fulfilling
 85 Text |       which he made to Chaerephon.~GORGIAS: What do you mean, Socrates?~
 86 Text |       question which he was asked.~GORGIAS: Then why not ask him yourself?~
 87 Text |         you what was the art which Gorgias knows, you praised it as
 88 Text |           name we were to describe Gorgias. And I would still beg you
 89 Text |          and what we ought to call Gorgias: Or rather, Gorgias, let
 90 Text |           call Gorgias: Or rather, Gorgias, let me turn to you, and
 91 Text |         the art which you profess?~GORGIAS: Rhetoric, Socrates, is
 92 Text |            call you a rhetorician?~GORGIAS: Yes, Socrates, and a good
 93 Text |            I should wish to do so.~GORGIAS: Then pray do.~SOCRATES:
 94 Text |            other men rhetoricians?~GORGIAS: Yes, that is exactly what
 95 Text |          ask and answer questions, Gorgias, as we are at present doing,
 96 Text |            which are asked of you?~GORGIAS: Some answers, Socrates,
 97 Text |            That is what is wanted, Gorgias; exhibit the shorter method
 98 Text |            one at some other time.~GORGIAS: Well, I will; and you will
 99 Text |            the making of garments?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And music
100 Text |           composition of melodies?~GORGIAS: It is.~SOCRATES: By Here,
101 Text |          It is.~SOCRATES: By Here, Gorgias, I admire the surpassing
102 Text |           brevity of your answers.~GORGIAS: Yes, Socrates, I do think
103 Text |        what is rhetoric concerned?~GORGIAS: With discourse.~SOCRATES:
104 Text |            What sort of discourse, Gorgias?—such discourse as would
105 Text |     treatment they might get well?~GORGIAS: No.~SOCRATES: Then rhetoric
106 Text |            all kinds of discourse?~GORGIAS: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
107 Text |           makes men able to speak?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And to understand
108 Text |            about which they speak?~GORGIAS: Of course.~SOCRATES: But
109 Text |          and speak about the sick?~GORGIAS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Then
110 Text |          also treats of discourse?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: Of discourse
111 Text |     discourse concerning diseases?~GORGIAS: Just so.~SOCRATES: And
112 Text |        evil condition of the body?~GORGIAS: Very true.~SOCRATES: And
113 Text |            SOCRATES: And the same, Gorgias, is true of the other arts:—
114 Text |         they severally have to do.~GORGIAS: Clearly.~SOCRATES: Then
115 Text |        call them arts of rhetoric?~GORGIAS: Because, Socrates, the
116 Text |         allow that there are arts?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: As to the
117 Text |          the province of rhetoric.~GORGIAS: You perfectly conceive
118 Text |           art of this latter sort?~GORGIAS: Exactly.~SOCRATES: And
119 Text |       captious might say, ‘And so, Gorgias, you call arithmetic rhetoric.’
120 Text |         would be so called by you.~GORGIAS: You are quite right, Socrates,
121 Text |          their relative swiftness.~GORGIAS: You would be quite right,
122 Text |          now let us have from you, Gorgias, the truth about rhetoric:
123 Text |       through the medium of words?~GORGIAS: True.~SOCRATES: Words which
124 Text |        which rhetoric uses relate?~GORGIAS: To the greatest, Socrates,
125 Text |      things.~SOCRATES: That again, Gorgias is ambiguous; I am still
126 Text |          wealth honestly obtained.~GORGIAS: Yes, I know the song; but
127 Text |   physician will say: ‘O Socrates, Gorgias is deceiving you, for my
128 Text |            be greatly surprised if Gorgias can show more good of his
129 Text |              he will say, ‘whether Gorgias or any one else can produce
130 Text |        rejoin: Yes; but our friend Gorgias contends that his art produces
131 Text |           and ask, ‘What good? Let Gorgias answer.’ Now I want you,
132 Text |           answer.’ Now I want you, Gorgias, to imagine that this question
133 Text |            the creator? Answer us.~GORGIAS: That good, Socrates, which
134 Text |           you consider this to be?~GORGIAS: What is there greater than
135 Text |             SOCRATES: Now I think, Gorgias, that you have very accurately
136 Text |           of producing persuasion?~GORGIAS: No: the definition seems
137 Text |            SOCRATES: Then hear me, Gorgias, for I am quite sure that
138 Text |        should say the same of you.~GORGIAS: What is coming, Socrates?~
139 Text |           where do you find them?’~GORGIAS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
140 Text |          paint many other figures?~GORGIAS: True.~SOCRATES: But if
141 Text |           have answered very well?~GORGIAS: Quite so.~SOCRATES: Now
142 Text |           which he teaches or not?~GORGIAS: He persuades, Socrates,—
143 Text |          the properties of number?~GORGIAS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
144 Text |     therefore persuade us of them?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: Then arithmetic
145 Text |           artificer of persuasion?~GORGIAS: Clearly.~SOCRATES: And
146 Text |         what sort, and about what.~GORGIAS: Very true.~SOCRATES: Then
147 Text |           artificer of persuasion?~GORGIAS: True.~SOCRATES: Seeing,
148 Text |           of putting the question?~GORGIAS: I think so.~SOCRATES: Then,
149 Text |          you approve the question, Gorgias, what is the answer?~GORGIAS:
150 Text |       Gorgias, what is the answer?~GORGIAS: I answer, Socrates, that
151 Text |        unjust.~SOCRATES: And that, Gorgias, was what I was suspecting
152 Text |            may be your hypothesis.~GORGIAS: I think that you are quite
153 Text |         thing as ‘having learned’?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And there
154 Text |            also ‘having believed’?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And is the ‘
155 Text |            belief the same things?~GORGIAS: In my judgment, Socrates,
156 Text |          to say to you, ‘Is there, Gorgias, a false belief as well
157 Text |           mistaken, that there is.~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: Well, but
158 Text |       knowledge as well as a true?~GORGIAS: No.~SOCRATES: No, indeed;
159 Text |       knowledge and belief differ.~GORGIAS: Very true.~SOCRATES: And
160 Text |            believed are persuaded?~GORGIAS: Just so.~SOCRATES: Shall
161 Text |         the other is of knowledge?~GORGIAS: By all means.~SOCRATES:
162 Text |        that which gives knowledge?~GORGIAS: Clearly, Socrates, that
163 Text |            instruction about them?~GORGIAS: True.~SOCRATES: And the
164 Text |           matters in a short time?~GORGIAS: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
165 Text |     rhetoricians: what do you say, Gorgias? Since you profess to be
166 Text |          the use of coming to you, Gorgias?’ they will say—‘about what
167 Text |          How will you answer them?~GORGIAS: I like your way of leading
168 Text |             Such is the tradition, Gorgias, about Themistocles; and
169 Text |          us about the middle wall.~GORGIAS: And you will observe, Socrates,
170 Text |          that in my admiring mind, Gorgias, when I asked what is the
171 Text |          be a marvel of greatness.~GORGIAS: A marvel, indeed, Socrates,
172 Text |         instructor.~SOCRATES: You, Gorgias, like myself, have had great
173 Text |          let us make an end of it.~GORGIAS: I should say, Socrates,
174 Text |        hear the audience cheering, Gorgias and Socrates, which shows
175 Text |   Callicles, that I am willing, if Gorgias is.~GORGIAS: After all this,
176 Text |            willing, if Gorgias is.~GORGIAS: After all this, Socrates,
177 Text |    SOCRATES: Let me tell you then, Gorgias, what surprises me in your
178 Text |       learn of you, a rhetorician?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: Do you mean
179 Text |     instruction but by persuasion?~GORGIAS: Quite so.~SOCRATES: You
180 Text |        even in a matter of health?~GORGIAS: Yes, with the multitude,—
181 Text |      greater powers of persuasion.~GORGIAS: Very true.~SOCRATES: But
182 Text |           power than he who knows?~GORGIAS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Although
183 Text |            not a physician:—is he?~GORGIAS: No.~SOCRATES: And he who
184 Text |          what the physician knows.~GORGIAS: Clearly.~SOCRATES: Then,
185 Text |            not that the inference?~GORGIAS: In the case supposed:—yes.~
186 Text |     knowledge than those who know?~GORGIAS: Yes, Socrates, and is not
187 Text |        about all this? By heavens, Gorgias, I wish that you would reveal
188 Text |        were saying that you would.~GORGIAS: Well, Socrates, I suppose
189 Text |          he must be taught by you.~GORGIAS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: Well,
190 Text |          carpentering a carpenter?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And he who
191 Text |          learned music a musician?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And he who
192 Text |           his knowledge makes him.~GORGIAS: Certainly.~SOCRATES: And
193 Text |      learned what is just is just?~GORGIAS: To be sure.~SOCRATES: And
194 Text |       supposed to do what is just?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And must
195 Text |         desire to do what is just?~GORGIAS: That is clearly the inference.~
196 Text |           consent to do injustice?~GORGIAS: Certainly not.~SOCRATES:
197 Text |    rhetorician must be a just man?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: And will
198 Text |           willing to do injustice?~GORGIAS: Clearly not.~SOCRATES:
199 Text |        banished—was not that said?~GORGIAS: Yes, it was.~SOCRATES:
200 Text |        have done injustice at all?~GORGIAS: True.~SOCRATES: And at
201 Text |            And at the very outset, Gorgias, it was said that rhetoric
202 Text |         unjust? Was not this said?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: I was thinking
203 Text |          do injustice. By the dog, Gorgias, there will be a great deal
204 Text |            rhetoric? What! because Gorgias was ashamed to deny that
205 Text |         actions: and now, if I and Gorgias are stumbling, here are
206 Text |            answer, like myself and Gorgias—refute and be refuted: for
207 Text |           would claim to know what Gorgias knows—would you not?~POLUS:
208 Text |            the same question which Gorgias, as you suppose, is unable
209 Text |           hesitate to answer, lest Gorgias should imagine that I am
210 Text |         that art of rhetoric which Gorgias practises I really cannot
211 Text |         not very creditable whole.~GORGIAS: A part of what, Socrates?
212 Text |      SOCRATES: In my opinion then, Gorgias, the whole of which rhetoric
213 Text |          what I was saying before.~GORGIAS: Indeed, Socrates, I cannot
214 Text |         SOCRATES: I do not wonder, Gorgias; for I have not as yet explained
215 Text |             which means ‘a colt.’)~GORGIAS: Never mind him, but explain
216 Text |            of bodies and of souls?~GORGIAS: Of course.~SOCRATES: You
217 Text |       condition of either of them?~GORGIAS: Yes.~SOCRATES: Which condition
218 Text |          not to be in good health.~GORGIAS: True.~SOCRATES: And this
219 Text |        health and not the reality?~GORGIAS: Yes, certainly.~SOCRATES:
220 Text |        himself of which he accused Gorgias:—for he said that when Gorgias
221 Text |     Gorgias:—for he said that when Gorgias was asked by you, whether,
222 Text |           would teach him justice, Gorgias in his modesty replied that
223 Text |     consequence of this admission, Gorgias was compelled to contradict
224 Text |           and these two strangers, Gorgias and Polus, are undoubtedly
225 Text |             why I scared Polus and Gorgias, until they were too modest
226 Text |    understand what you are saying.~GORGIAS: Nay, Callicles, answer,
227 Text |      argument out.~CALLICLES: Yes, Gorgias, but I must complain of
228 Text |            and unworthy questions.~GORGIAS: What matter? Your reputation,
229 Text |          peddling questions, since Gorgias wishes to have them.~SOCRATES:
230 Text |            of what I was saying to Gorgias and Polus; I was saying,
231 Text |       truth when I further said to Gorgias and Polus that cookery in
232 Text |         and shall oblige my friend Gorgias.~SOCRATES: And is this notion
233 Text |        hitherto out of civility to Gorgias.~SOCRATES: What are we to
234 Text |         leave off and go our ways.~GORGIAS: I think, Socrates, that
235 Text |           to say.~SOCRATES: I too, Gorgias, should have liked to continue
236 Text |         which, according to Polus, Gorgias admitted out of modesty,
237 Text |         see that you and Polus and Gorgias, who are the three wisest


Menexenus
    Part
238 Pre  |  resemblances or imitations of the Gorgias, Protagoras, and Euthydemus,


Meno
    Part
239 Intro|            Then he cannot have met Gorgias when he was at Athens.’
240 Intro|             and has forgotten what Gorgias said. Will Meno tell him
241 Intro|        very different from that of Gorgias? ‘O yes—nothing easier:
242 Intro|           the familiar language of Gorgias and Empedocles. Socrates
243 Intro|           to observe, and in which Gorgias has never instructed Meno,
244 Intro|            in the same relation to Gorgias as Hippocrates in the Protagoras
245 Intro|          class as Callicles in the Gorgias, but of a different variety;
246 Intro|            Dialogues recurs in the Gorgias and Theaetetus as well as
247 Intro|            in the Republic. In the Gorgias too the statesmen reappear,
248 Intro|      earlier than the Phaedrus and Gorgias. The place which is assigned
249 Intro|       confident’ (compare Apology; Gorgias). From this class of uncertainties
250 Text |            Aristippus. And this is Gorgias’ doing; for when he came
251 Text |            Then you have never met Gorgias when he was at Athens?~SOCRATES:
252 Text |         mistaken, and that you and Gorgias do really have this knowledge;
253 Text |          and remember what you and Gorgias say that virtue is.~MENO:
254 Text |     trouble of remembering what is Gorgias’ definition of virtue.~MENO:
255 Text |            you after the manner of Gorgias, which is familiar to you?~
256 Text |   according to you and your friend Gorgias, is the definition of virtue?~
257 Text |       often wonder, Socrates, that Gorgias is never heard promising
258 Text |            good for much, and that Gorgias has been as poor an educator


Phaedo
    Part
259 Intro|            own character? (Compare Gorgias.) Or is the opposition of
260 Intro|    obviously inconsistent with the Gorgias and the Republic. Those
261 Intro|       corresponds to the Phaedrus, Gorgias, Republic, Theaetetus. Without
262 Intro|           unknown. Then, as in the Gorgias or Republic, the curtain


Phaedrus
    Part
263 Intro|         included both the rules of Gorgias and the eristic of Zeno.
264 Intro|         Theodorus, Evenus, Tisias, Gorgias, and others, who have rules
265 Intro|          Eleatic one or being; the Gorgias between the art of speaking
266 Intro|    Etymologers; as in the Meno and Gorgias and some other dialogues
267 Text |        Nestor and Odysseus, unless Gorgias is your Nestor, and Thrasymachus
268 Text |  forgetfulness consign’ Tisias and Gorgias, who are not ignorant that


Philebus
    Part
269 Intro|           who has been a hearer of Gorgias, is supposed to begin as
270 Intro|        occurs both here and in the Gorgias, of the simultaneousness
271 Intro|           between the Philebus and Gorgias. The theory of the simultaneousness
272 Intro|     allusion to the passage in the Gorgias, in which Socrates dilates
273 Intro| discrepancy in the manner in which Gorgias and his art are spoken of
274 Intro|        refutation of the claims of Gorgias is not necessary for his
275 Intro|             Socrates, I have heard Gorgias say that rhetoric is the
276 Intro|       truth which they attain—here Gorgias will not care to compete;
277 Intro|            do not let us appeal to Gorgias or Philebus or Socrates,
278 Intro|             in the language of the Gorgias, ‘did what they would.’
279 Text |     PROTARCHUS: I have often heard Gorgias maintain, Socrates, that
280 Text |          useful an art. And as for Gorgias, if you do not deny that
281 Text |           you or me or Philebus or Gorgias, and urge on behalf of the


Protagoras
    Part
282 Intro|         retracted. The Phaedo, the Gorgias, and the Philebus offer


The Second Alcibiades
    Part
283 Pre  |          probably suggested by the Gorgias, where the story of Archelaus


The Sophist
    Part
284 Intro|            to depict Protagoras or Gorgias, or even Thrasymachus, who
285 Intro|           and Plato, as well as to Gorgias and Protagoras; (2) that
286 Intro|     Socrates and Plato, as well as Gorgias and Protagoras, under the
287 Intro|            the principal Sophists, Gorgias, Protagoras, Prodicus, Hippias,


The Statesman
    Part
288 Intro|       Republic, the Phaedo, or the Gorgias, but may be more aptly compared
289 Intro|            is true;’ or, as in the Gorgias, ‘This you will think to
290 Intro|       divisions is apparent in the Gorgias. But in a well-known passage
291 Intro|         spirit of Callicles in the Gorgias; or from the side of idealism,
292 Intro|        against their will (compare Gorgias). The human bonds of states


The Symposium
    Part
293 Intro|            of the game,’ as in the Gorgias and Phaedrus; but it is
294 Text |      escape. For I was reminded of Gorgias, and at the end of his speech
295 Text |          as well as I can (compare Gorgias). As you, Agathon, suggested (


Theaetetus
    Part
296 Intro|          may be connected with the Gorgias, either dialogue from different
297 Intro|        compare Introduction to the Gorgias) which must have seemed
298 Intro|           over the rest, as in the Gorgias or Sophist; but in other
299 Intro|     companionship of evil (compare Gorgias); or the saying, often repeated