Book,  Paragraph

  1   I,  1  |              species of fishes and of birds.~Within the limits of genera,
  2   I,  1  |         furnished with wings, such as birds and bees, and these are
  3   I,  1  |              has imperfect feet.~Some birds have feet of little power,
  4   I,  1  |             the wing; and, as a rule, birds that resemble it are weak-footed
  5   I,  1  |           Alpine swift; for all these birds resemble one another in
  6   I,  1  |       Gregarious creatures are, among birds, such as the pigeon, the
  7   I,  1  |             whole tribe of crows, for birds of this kind indulge but
  8   I,  5  |               colours within, such as birds’ eggs; others are soft-skinned
  9   I,  5  |              is the case with men and birds, and with men and birds
 10   I,  5  |               birds, and with men and birds only; some have four, as
 11   I,  5  |               two hands and two feet, birds with two wings and two feet,
 12   I,  6  |            are the following: one, of birds; one, of fishes; and another,
 13   I,  16 |               of the ovipara, such as birds and oviparous quadrupeds,
 14  II,  1  |             them contrariwise to man.~Birds have the flexions of their
 15  II,  1  |              in an especial degree in birds. It is the reverse with
 16  II,  11 |             parts resembling those of birds of prey. Its body is rough
 17  II,  12 |                                    12~Birds also in some parts resemble
 18  II,  12 |               it and the shin. Of all birds those that have crooked
 19  II,  12 |            the strongest breasts. All birds are furnished with many
 20  II,  12 |        another, for even the swimming birds, although they are web-footed,
 21  II,  12 |      differentiated from one another. Birds that fly high in air are
 22  II,  12 |               note is a shrill chirp.~Birds are furnished with a mouth,
 23  II,  12 |        heavy-bodied (or gallinaceous) birds close the eye by means of
 24  II,  12 |             of the lower lid, and all birds blink by means of a skin
 25  II,  12 |            but they do not blink like birds. Further, birds have neither
 26  II,  12 |            blink like birds. Further, birds have neither scutes nor
 27  II,  12 |         others. These latter kinds of birds fly with their feet tucked
 28  II,  12 |          small rumped or short-tailed birds fly with their legs stretched
 29  II,  12 |          variable, being long in some birds and broad in others. Certain
 30  II,  12 |            others. Certain species of birds above all other animals,
 31  II,  12 |            developed in broad-tongued birds. No oviparous creature has
 32  II,  12 |             the lung.~Some species of birds are furnished additionally
 33  II,  12 |             is found so provided. The birds with talons are among those
 34  II,  12 |             heavy-bodied.~Again, some birds have a crest. As a general
 35  II,  13 |         tessellated scutes, nor, like birds, with feathers; but for
 36  II,  15 |             and oviparous quadrupeds, birds, fishes, cetaceans, and
 37  II,  15 |           oviparous quadrupeds and to birds, only that the latter present
 38  II,  15 |              the case with almost all birds, as with the pigeon, the
 39  II,  15 |       unprovided with a gall-bladder. Birds and fishes all have the
 40  II,  15 |            case is much the same with birds: that is, some have the
 41  II,  17 |              structure in the lung of birds.~The spleen in all cases,
 42  II,  17 |             property in fishes and in birds for the most part is the
 43  II,  17 |              gut-appendages or caeca. Birds have them low down and few
 44  II,  17 |               to their internal parts birds differ from other animals
 45  II,  17 |            and from one another. Some birds, for instance, have a crop
 46  II,  17 |          stomach (or gizzard) in most birds is fleshy and hard, and
 47  II,  17 |           from the fleshy part. Other birds have no crop, but instead
 48  II,  17 |         applies to a great many other birds. In some birds there is
 49  II,  17 |             many other birds. In some birds there is a portion of the
 50  II,  17 |         kestrel. In the case of small birds like the swallow and the
 51  II,  17 |               long, as in long necked birds, such as the porphyrio,
 52  II,  17 |              in the case of all these birds the excrement is unusually
 53  II,  17 |                as compared with other birds; in other words, it has
 54  II,  17 |           that part.~Further, in most birds, the gut is thin, and simple
 55  II,  17 |            gut-appendages or caeca in birds, as has been observed, are
 56  II,  17 |             the extremity of the gut. Birds, then, have caeca-not all,
 57  II,  17 |               owl. Some of the little birds also have these appendages;
 58 III,  1  |         viviparous within themselves. Birds are furnished with testicles,
 59 III,  1  |              it with the testicles of birds; before the breeding season
 60 III,  1  |            the organ is small in some birds and quite invisible in others,
 61 III,  1  |        actually of opinion that these birds are devoid of the organ
 62 III,  1  |           situated. Thus the wombs of birds are close to the midriff,
 63 III,  1  |           many particles.~The womb of birds has the lower and tubular
 64 III,  1  |             altogether. In the larger birds the membrane is more distinctly
 65 III,  1  |            swells out; in the smaller birds all these parts are more
 66 III,  1  |            midriff, as in the case of birds. There is also a narrow
 67 III,  3  |        quadrupeds to the forelegs, in birds to the wings, and in fishes
 68 III,  7  |           little, as is the case with birds; others have systems analogous,
 69 III,  9  |               the way, beaks, such as birds are furnished with-all in
 70 III,  11 |            the case with the beaks of birds. The claws also increase
 71 III,  12 |               winged animals, such as birds, no creature is liable to
 72 III,  12 |             observed to take place in birds whose plumage is of one
 73 III,  12 |             one uniform colour; thus, birds that have dusky or downright
 74 III,  12 |              to black. (Further, most birds change the colour of their
 75  IV,  8  |           passages for smell, such as birds. It is the same also with
 76  IV,  9  |              then as in the flight of birds the sound made by their
 77  IV,  9  |           usually in the night time.) Birds can utter vocal sounds;
 78  IV,  9  |          different notes. The smaller birds are more vocal and given
 79  IV,  9  |           rearing her young; in other birds, the cocks sing more than
 80  IV,  9  |           twittering noise. Of little birds, some sing a different note
 81  IV,  9  |        different note from the parent birds, if they have been removed
 82  IV,  9  |             nest and have heard other birds singing; and a mother-nightingale
 83   v,  1  |            fishes oviparous, and next birds; and afterwards we shall
 84   v,  1  |        correspond to the wind-eggs in birds. Such eggs, by the way,
 85   v,  1  |             Such eggs, by the way, in birds are all unfruitful; but
 86   v,  1  |               followed in the case of birds. But whensoever creatures
 87   v,  2  |              of copulating adopted by birds, though there are certain
 88   v,  2  |               method observed even in birds. For in some cases the female
 89   v,  2  |         female crane; for, with these birds, the male mounts on to the
 90   v,  5  |              These ducts unite, as in birds; for birds, by the way,
 91   v,  5  |               unite, as in birds; for birds, by the way, have their
 92   v,  8  |           aquatic animals and certain birds. Man pairs and breeds at
 93   v,  8  |             the bitch, and with those birds that breed frequently. Many
 94   v,  8  |            the female in summer.~With birds the far greater part, as
 95   v,  9  |               broods over its eggs as birds do in general. And neither
 96   v,  9  |         general. And neither of these birds resorts to a hiding-place.)~
 97   v,  9  |               most rarely seen of all birds. It is seen only about the
 98   v,  13 |                                13~(Of birds the wild species, as has
 99   v,  13 |             it is the earliest of all birds to breed), but the second
100   v,  13 |          usually succeeds in rearing.~Birds that are domesticated or
101   v,  14 |         viviparous quadrupeds, and in birds; for in the case of man
102   v,  18 |        head-attachment, just as young birds grow by a belly-attachment.
103   v,  18 |               the yolk in the case of birds, the white substance in
104   v,  31 |           other animals than man. For birds are infested with them;
105   v,  33 |              two colours within, like birds’ eggs, and after laying
106   v,  33 |              the eggs of domesticated birds, buries the eggs in the
107  VI,  1  |              in oviparous quadrupeds. Birds without exception lay eggs,
108  VI,  1  |               not alike for all. Some birds couple and lay at almost
109  VI,  1  |           year. The great majority of birds lay during the spring-time.
110  VI,  1  |          during the spring-time. Some birds are prolific, and prolific
111  VI,  1  |             as the barn-door hen. All birds of prey, or birds with crooked
112  VI,  1  |            hen. All birds of prey, or birds with crooked talons, are
113  VI,  1  |               is the most prolific of birds of prey; as many as four
114  VI,  1  |       occasionally it lays even more.~Birds in general lay their eggs
115  VI,  1  |            lark and the tetrix. These birds hatch in sheltered places;
116  VI,  1  |              in Boeotia, alone of all birds, burrows into holes in the
117  VI,  1  |             necklace of nests. Of all birds that hatch for themselves
118  VI,  2  |            The egg in the case of all birds alike is hard-shelled, if
119  VI,  2  |              part within.~The eggs of birds that frequent rivers and
120  VI,  2  |          marshes differ from those of birds that live on dry land; that
121  VI,  2  |       yellowish, as the eggs of marsh birds; in some cases the eggs
122  VI,  2  |           spontaneously.~The sperm of birds, as of animals in general,
123  VI,  2  |               are laid by a number of birds: as for instance by the
124  VI,  2  |            for brooding purposes some birds make better mothers than
125  VI,  2  |               place rapidly with most birds; as for instance with the
126  VI,  2  |          within equal periods for all birds, but differ as to time according
127  VI,  2  |          Another singularity in these birds is that the hens tread one
128  VI,  3  |             identical manner with all birds, but the full periods from
129  VI,  3  |               the embryo; with larger birds the interval being longer,
130  VI,  3  |            being longer, with smaller birds shorter. Meanwhile the yolk
131  VI,  3  |           from the egg in the case of birds.~Birds lay some eggs that
132  VI,  3  |             egg in the case of birds.~Birds lay some eggs that are unfruitful,
133  VI,  4  |                                     4~Birds of the pigeon kind, such
134  VI,  4  |           always a wind-egg.~Very few birds propagate within their first
135  VI,  4  |          within their first year. All birds, after once they have begun
136  VI,  4  |            though in the case of some birds it is difficult to detect
137  VI,  4  |        hatches it out. The two parent birds brood for some time over
138  VI,  4  |             many more days the parent birds hatch the eggs; by the end
139  VI,  5  |           lays two eggs.~(Carnivorous birds in general are observed
140  VI,  5  |               they are yet young, the birds will get well again and
141  VI,  6  |               the same for the larger birds, such as the goose and the
142  VI,  6  |         bustard; for the middle-sized birds it extends over about twenty
143  VI,  6  |             extrudes its young. Other birds perform the same operation;
144  VI,  6  |       operation; at all events mother birds that lay several eggs often
145  VI,  6  |           extrude one of their young.~Birds of the eagle species are
146  VI,  6  |               though, by the way, all birds of prey, when their brood
147  VI,  6  |             the nest. The majority of birds other than birds of prey,
148  VI,  6  |          majority of birds other than birds of prey, as has been said,
149  VI,  7  |            this never happens between birds of the same species. They
150  VI,  8  |                           8~With most birds, as has been said of the
151  VI,  8  |            female in turns: with some birds, however, the male only
152  VI,  8  |          hatching, each of the parent birds rears its brood. But the
153  VI,  9  |             to this circumstance some birds of wild varieties run away
154  VI,  9  |               the brooding.~With male birds about pairing time the testicles
155  VI,  9  |               with the more salacious birds, such as the barn-door cock
156  VI,  9  |              less conspicuous in such birds as are intermittent in regard
157  VI,  10 |          conception and generation of birds.~It has been previously
158  VI,  10 |          wombs shaped like those of O birds. The womb, however, in the
159  VI,  10 |              respect from the womb of birds, that with some cartilaginous
160  VI,  10 |           fishes differs from that in birds in this respect, that it
161  VI,  10 |               two that in the case of birds leads off to the yolk. In
162  VI,  10 |               onwards is identical in birds and fishes. That is to say,
163  VI,  10 |          takes place with the yolk in birds.~The navel-string is attached
164  VI,  10 |              described in the case of birds. The embryo and the egg
165  VI,  11 |            regarding the testicles of birds.~Among other distinctions
166 VII,  8  |             position, as for instance birds; and human embryos lie bent,
167 VIII,  3 |                                  3~Of birds, such as have crooked talons
168 VIII,  3 |               than white. Further, of birds that fly by night, some
169 VIII,  3 |           little horned owl. Of these birds, the eleus is somewhat larger
170 VIII,  3 |             the eleus, and both these birds hunt the jay; the little
171 VIII,  3 |           common owl. All these three birds are alike in appearance,
172 VIII,  3 |            are carnivorous.~Again, of birds that have not crooked talons
173 VIII,  3 |            rook. The above-enumerated birds and the like of them feed
174 VIII,  3 |              the goldfinch. All these birds feed on thistles, but never
175 VIII,  3 |           their food.~There are other birds whose favourite food consists
176 VIII,  3 |            the woodpeckers. These two birds resemble one another in
177 VIII,  3 |           woodpecker.~There are other birds that live on fruit and herbage,
178 VIII,  3 |           this country. All our other birds come to us in the early
179 VIII,  3 |         varieties.~The whole genus of birds may be pretty well divided
180 VIII,  3 |          white-rump. Of these smaller birds the last mentioned is the
181 VIII,  3 |             charadrius.~Of web-footed birds, the larger species live
182 VIII,  3 |              the only one of all such birds as these that is found to
183 VIII,  3 |            lagoons.~A great number of birds are omnivorous. Birds of
184 VIII,  3 |              of birds are omnivorous. Birds of prey feed on any animal
185 VIII,  3 |            that they may catch. These birds never touch one of their
186 VIII,  3 |        actually of their own species.~Birds, as a rule, are very spare
187 VIII,  3 |               spare drinkers. In fact birds of prey never drink at all,
188 VIII,  4 |           food presented to him, eats birds and animals, and swallows
189 VIII,  6 |             but gulps down his drink. Birds, a rule, drink by suction,
190 VIII,  6 |          suction, but the long necked birds stop and elevate their heads
191 VIII,  6 |               one (of the long-necked birds) that swallows water by
192 VIII,  12|               of the crane; for these birds migrate from the steppes
193 VIII,  12|             depart in flocks, and the birds in front wait for those
194 VIII,  12|       intervening mountain range, the birds in the rear lose sight of
195 VIII,  12|               escape the heat.~Weakly birds in winter and in frosty
196 VIII,  12|            from hot to cool lands.~Of birds, the crane, as has been
197 VIII,  12|          never on the alert for these birds during fine weather, but
198 VIII,  12|          trick.~As a general rule all birds with crooked talons are
199 VIII,  12|              more saucy than ever.~Of birds, the following are migratory-the
200 VIII,  16|                  16~A great number of birds also go into hiding; they
201 VIII,  16|              countries. Thus, certain birds (as the kite and the swallow)
202 VIII,  16|             the starling hide; and of birds with crooked talons the
203 VIII,  18|           that are unknown to others. Birds thrive in times of drought,
204 VIII,  18|            drought is bad for fishes. Birds of prey, as has been already
205 VIII,  18|            act of drinking; all other birds drink, but drink sparingly,
206 VIII,  18|        oviparous animals. Sickness in birds may be diagnosed from their
207 VIII,  28|            carnivorous animals, small birds being scarce; food is scanty
208 VIII,  30|           with the plumage of certain birds; that is to say, they become
209  IX,  1  |            the latter. In the case of birds, there is mutual enmity
210  IX,  1  |              daytime all other little birds flutter round the owl-a
211  IX,  1  |             decoy for catching little birds of all kinds.~The so-called
212  IX,  1  |           manner there is war between birds that get their living from
213  IX,  1  |       drummer-bird.~The aegolius, and birds of prey in general, prey
214  IX,  1  |          victorious: moreover, of all birds swans are most prone to
215  IX,  6  |           corn. Storks, and all other birds, when they get a wound fighting,
216  IX,  6  |              of getting the better of birds; it tears their throats
217  IX,  6  |             to bee-hives; it preys on birds like the cat. Its genital
218  IX,  7  |            exemplified in the case of birds by the nest building of
219  IX,  7  |               As a general rule these birds show this conjugal fidelity,
220  IX,  7  |            other than her mate. These birds are combative, and quarrel
221  IX,  7  |            have been known where such birds were twenty-five years old,
222  IX,  7  |               far as one can see, the birds suffer no other perceptible
223  IX,  7  |               though the blackbearded birds of the last year had all
224  IX,  7  |           caught in amongst the young birds and that their age is rendered
225  IX,  8  |                                     8~Birds of a heavy build, such as
226  IX,  8  |            Tame partridges tread wild birds, pecket their heads, and
227  IX,  8  |                The leader of the wild birds, with a counter-note of
228  IX,  8  |            and the leader of the wild birds give a counter one, the
229  IX,  8  |            and so also do some of the birds that are capable of sustained
230  IX,  8  |        Further, for instance, of such birds, the lark and the woodcock,
231  IX,  11 |                            11~Of wild birds, the nests are fashioned
232  IX,  11 |              the young. Some of these birds are fond of their young
233  IX,  11 |             are not so. Some of these birds build in ravines and clefts,
234  IX,  11 |          quail, the thrush, and other birds. They modify betimes their
235  IX,  11 |             and two at the most.~Some birds live on mountains or in
236  IX,  12 |                               12~Some birds live on the sea-shore, as
237  IX,  12 |           hinder quarters.~Web-footed birds without exception live near
238  IX,  12 |              their structure. Several birds, however, with cloven toes
239  IX,  13 |             of the stork that the old birds are fed by their grateful
240  IX,  15 |            the great majority of wild birds. (The titmouse is said to
241  IX,  18 |            with the harpy, as the two birds live on the same food.~
242  IX,  23 |             and about the size of the birds last described; it is fleet
243  IX,  23 |           size as the above mentioned birds; and is trapped usually
244  IX,  23 |              in the winter. All these birds are found at all times.
245  IX,  23 |                Further, there are the birds that live as a rule in towns,
246  IX,  29 |             bird is pre-eminent among birds in the way of cowardice;
247  IX,  29 |             to be pecked at by little birds, and flies away from their
248  IX,  30 |           distinguish between the two birds, excepting in the fact that
249  IX,  30 |          feathers on the shank. These birds rear their young in long
250  IX,  31 |              be insufficient for more birds than two, ravens are only
251  IX,  31 |               would appear that these birds have some means of intercommunicating
252  IX,  32 |               the raven and the other birds. It is clumsy in its movements,
253  IX,  32 |          these are the only true-bred birds to be found, that all other
254  IX,  32 |       consequently cannot allow other birds to quarter themselves in
255  IX,  32 |              that resembles the gods. Birds of prey, as a rule, seldom
256  IX,  34 |               night-raven and all the birds see poorly in the daytime
257  IX,  34 |             the way, ejects the young birds prematurely, before they
258  IX,  34 |      accordingly jealous of the young birds as they approach maturity,
259  IX,  34 |            with its talons. The young birds fight also with one another,
260  IX,  34 |             eagle never attacks these birds when they are in a swarm,
261  IX,  35 |           showers of sea-water. These birds grow to be plump and fat;
262  IX,  36 | smooth-feathered", or "toad-catcher". Birds of this latter species find
263  IX,  36 |       Cedripolis, men hunt for little birds in the marshes with the
264  IX,  36 |             brushwood to frighten the birds out, and the hawks show
265  IX,  36 |                they throw some of the birds up in the air, and the hawks
266  IX,  37 |             So much for the habits of birds.~In marine creatures, also,
267  IX,  37 |        between the toes of web-footed birds; only that with these latter
268  IX,  40 |             enemies are wasps and the birds named titmice, and furthermore
269  IX,  44 |           with certain of the fishes, birds, and quadrupeds, this animal
270  IX,  49 |         change, occurs in the case of birds. Hens, for instance, when
271  IX,  50 |          submitted to this operation. Birds have their testicles inside,
272  IX,  50 |               lower end of the belly. Birds are castrated at the rump
273  IX,  50 |             applicable to quadrupeds, birds, and men.~
274  IX,  49B|              A considerable number of birds change according to season
275  IX,  49B|               autumn has ended. These birds, also, differ from one another
276  IX,  49B|           colour and note; that these birds, two in name, are one in
277  IX,  49B|           silence. As a general rule, birds sing most loudly and most
278  IX,  49B|            self-sought banishment.~Of birds, some take a dust-bath by
279  IX,  49B|               one bath nor the other. Birds that do not fly but keep
280  IX,  49B|               of the straight-taloned birds, and such as live on the
281  IX,  49B|               take a water-bath; some birds take both the dust-bath
282  IX,  49B|                of the crooked-taloned birds the greater part take neither
283  IX,  49B|             above-mentioned, but some birds have a peculiar habit of