Book, Paragraph

  1 III, 1  |           one science deals with all substances, or more than one, and if
  2 III, 1  |           discussed-whether sensible substances alone should be said to
  3 III, 1  |         there are several classes of substances, as is supposed by those
  4 III, 1  | investigation is concerned only with substances or also with the essential
  5 III, 1  |              essential attributes of substances. Further, with regard to
  6 III, 1  |              or not, and if they are substances are they separate from sensible
  7 III, 2  |           science which investigates substances, any more than to any other
  8 III, 2  |                3) In general, do all substances fall under one science or
  9 III, 2  |              investigation deal with substances alone or also with their
 10 III, 2  |            must we say that sensible substances alone exist, or that there
 11 III, 2  |        others besides these? And are substances of one kind or are there
 12 III, 2  |             in fact several kinds of substances, as those say who assert
 13 III, 2  |            causes and self-dependent substances has been explained in our
 14 III, 3  |         unity will be principles and substances; for these are most of all
 15 III, 4  |             one are one. But are the substances many and different? This
 16 III, 4  |              being and unity are the substances of things, and whether each
 17 III, 4  |        suppose unity and being to be substances, it follows that none of
 18 III, 5  |            and planes and points are substances of a kind, or not. If they
 19 III, 5  |           what being is and what the substances of things are. For modifications
 20 III, 5  |          modifications of these, not substances, and the body which is thus
 21 III, 6  |          universal, they will not be substances; for everything that is
 22  IV, 2  |          said to be because they are substances, others because they are
 23  IV, 2  |             substance, it will be of substances that the philosopher must
 24  IV, 2  |        science will examine not only substances but also their attributes,
 25   V, 6  |           especially those which are substances. For in general those things
 26   V, 7  |             similarly in the case of substances; we say the Hermes is in
 27   V, 13 |            own nature some are so as substances, e.g. the line is a quantum (
 28   V, 14 |             All the modifications of substances that move (e.g. heat and
 29 VII, 2  |           plants and their parts are substances, but also natural bodies
 30 VII, 2  |              whether these alone are substances, or there are also others,
 31 VII, 2  |          only some other things, are substances, must be considered. Some
 32 VII, 2  |           line, point, and unit, are substances, and more so than body or
 33 VII, 2  |              think there are eternal substances which are more in number
 34 VII, 2  |              are not right, and what substances there are, and whether there
 35 VII, 2  |             not any besides sensible substances, and how sensible substances
 36 VII, 2  |         substances, and how sensible substances exist, and whether there
 37 VII, 2  |       substance, apart from sensible substances; and we must first sketch
 38 VII, 3  |         depth are quantities and not substances (for a quantity is not a
 39 VII, 3  |     perplexing.~Some of the sensible substances are generally admitted to
 40 VII, 3  |             generally admitted to be substances, so that we must look first
 41 VII, 4  |             thisness belongs only to substances. Therefore there is an essence
 42 VII, 4  |           and simple sense belong to substances. Still they belong to other
 43 VII, 5  |              have an essence, except substances, but in another sense other
 44 VII, 5  |               and essence belongs to substances either alone or chiefly
 45 VII, 6  |               E.g. if there are some substances which have no other substances
 46 VII, 6  |       substances which have no other substances nor entities prior to them-substances
 47 VII, 6  |              will, firstly, be other substances and entities and Ideas besides
 48 VII, 6  |           these others will be prior substances, if essence is substance.
 49 VII, 6  |      substance. And if the posterior substances and the prior are severed
 50 VII, 6  |         substance; for these must be substances, but not predicable of a
 51 VII, 7  |          this kind, which we say are substances if anything is-all things
 52 VII, 8  |              to comings-to-be and to substances; and the Forms need not,
 53 VII, 8  |            least, be self-subsistent substances. In some cases indeed it
 54 VII, 8  |             if in any; for these are substances if anything is so); the
 55 VII, 11 |              from the matter of such substances, another kind of matter,
 56 VII, 11 |            the nature of perceptible substances as well, since in a sense
 57 VII, 11 |            inquiry about perceptible substances is the work of physics,
 58 VII, 11 |               in the case of primary substances, e.g. curvature and the
 59 VII, 13 |         parts, should not consist of substances nor of what is a "this",
 60 VII, 13 |          substance cannot consist of substances present in it in complete
 61 VII, 13 |               it will not consist of substances present in it and present
 62 VII, 13 |            of one; for he identifies substances with his indivisible magnitudes.
 63 VII, 13 |         substance can be composed of substances existing in complete reality,
 64 VII, 14 |          those who say the Ideas are substances capable of separate existence,
 65 VII, 14 |              separate existence, and substances; therefore "animal", as
 66 VII, 15 |          formula in its generality), substances in the former sense are
 67 VII, 15 |            about sensible individual substances, because they have matter
 68 VII, 16 |        things that are thought to be substances, most are only potencies,-
 69 VII, 16 |      separate existence, if they are substances; but in another respect
 70 VII, 16 |          cannot declare what are the substances of this sort, the imperishable
 71 VII, 16 |          this sort, the imperishable substances which exist apart from the
 72 VII, 16 |              individual and sensible substances. They make them, then, the
 73 VII, 16 |         would they have been eternal substances apart from those which we
 74 VII, 16 |           not know what non-sensible substances there are, yet it is doubtless
 75 VII, 16 |             substance is composed of substances.~
 76 VII, 17 |           exists apart from sensible substances. Since, then, substance
 77 VII, 17 |            while some things are not substances, as many as are substances
 78 VII, 17 |           substances, as many as are substances are formed in accordance
 79 VIII, 1 |          principles, and elements of substances are the object of our search.
 80 VIII, 1 |              of our search. And some substances are recognized by every
 81 VIII, 1 |           recognized are the natural substances, i.e. fire, earth, water,
 82 VIII, 1 |           objects of mathematics are substances. But there are arguments
 83 VIII, 1 |      conclusion that there are other substances, the essence and the substratum.
 84 VIII, 1 |          that they are thought to be substances. And since the essence is
 85 VIII, 1 |               for some say these are substances as well as the sensible
 86 VIII, 1 |              as well as the sensible substances.~But now let us resume the
 87 VIII, 1 |             the generally recognized substances. These are the sensible
 88 VIII, 1 |               These are the sensible substances, and sensible substances
 89 VIII, 1 |             substances, and sensible substances all have matter. The substratum
 90 VIII, 1 |           separate existence; for of substances completely expressible in
 91 VIII, 2 |              in each case; and as in substances that which is predicated
 92 VIII, 3 |            is generated. Whether the substances of destructible things can
 93 VIII, 3 |            not formed by nature, are substances at all; for one might say
 94 VIII, 3 |             is also obvious that, if substances are in a sense numbers,
 95 VIII, 3 |             destruction of so-called substances in what sense it is possible
 96 VIII, 4 |             the thing.~Regarding the substances that are natural and generable,
 97 VIII, 4 |          case of natural but eternal substances another account must be
 98 VIII, 4 |          exist by nature but are not substances; their substratum is the
 99  IX, 8  |            there are any entities or substances such as the dialecticians
100  IX, 10 |              regarding non-composite substances (for it is not possible
101   X, 1  |            so that that which causes substances to be one must be one in
102   X, 2  |             not certain entities and substances separable from other things;
103   X, 2  |             the same must be true of substances also; for it is true of
104  XI, 1  |          does Wisdom investigate all substances or not? If not all, it is
105  XI, 1  |           Further, does it deal with substances only or also with their
106  XI, 1  |              is possible, in that of substances it is not. But if the two
107  XI, 1  |              primary, the science of substances claims the tide.~But again
108  XI, 1  |           for deals with perceptible substances or not with them, but with
109  XI, 1  |            not deal with perceptible substances; for they are perishable.~
110  XI, 2  |       substance besides the sensible substances (i.e. the substances in
111  XI, 2  |        sensible substances (i.e. the substances in this world), or that
112  XI, 2  |            corresponding to sensible substances, which kinds of sensible
113  XI, 2  |             set up other and eternal substances equal in number to the sensible
114  XI, 2  |              sensible and perishable substances would seem to fall beyond
115  XI, 2  |              all things that are are substances; for being is predicated
116  XI, 2  |              least are not separable substances, but sections and divisions-the
117  XI, 7  |         alike to all. Now if natural substances are the first of existing
118 XII, 1  |             are seeking are those of substances. For if the universe is
119 XII, 1  |           tend to rank universals as substances (for genera are universals,
120 XII, 1  |           describe as principles and substances, owing to the abstract nature
121 XII, 1  |          ranked particular things as substances, e.g. fire and earth, not
122 XII, 3  |            other things both rank as substances.) For things come into being
123 XII, 4  |            different or the same for substances and for relative terms,
124 XII, 4  |           proceed relative terms and substances. What then will this common
125 XII, 4  |            has these attributes; and substances comprise both these and
126 XII, 5  |            it is the former that are substances. And therefore all things
127 XII, 5  |             causes, because, without substances, modifications and movements
128 XII, 5  |            Further, if the causes of substances are the causes of all things,
129 XII, 5  |            of colours and sounds, of substances and quantities, are different
130 XII, 5  |            principles or elements of substances and relations and qualities-whether
131 XII, 5  |        things; and (2) the causes of substances may be treated as causes
132 XII, 5  |             in this sense, that when substances are removed all things are
133 XII, 6  |             unmovable substance. For substances are the first of existing
134 XII, 6  |           even if we suppose eternal substances, as the believers in the
135 XII, 6  |      actuality. Further, then, these substances must be without matter;
136 XII, 8  |              about the number of the substances that can even be clearly
137 XII, 8  |       Evidently, then, there must be substances which are of the same number
138 XII, 8  |       mentioned. That the movers are substances, then, and that one of these
139 XII, 8  |       spheres, so that the unmovable substances and principles also may
140 XII, 8  |            must be the number of the substances. For if there are others,
141 XII, 8  |    alone-that they thought the first substances to be gods, one must regard
142 XIII, 1 |             not besides the sensible substances any which is immovable and
143 XIII, 1 |           and lines and the like-are substances, and again that the Ideas
144 XIII, 1 |             again that the Ideas are substances. And (1) since some recognize
145 XIII, 1 |            say that the mathematical substances are the only substances,
146 XIII, 1 |              substances are the only substances, we must consider first
147 XIII, 1 |          they are the principles and substances of existing things or not,
148 XIII, 1 |          when we examine whether the substances and the principles of existing
149 XIII, 2 |               extending beyond these substances. Here then we shall have
150 XIII, 2 |   completeness. But how can lines be substances? Neither as a form or shape,
151 XIII, 2 |             not exist apart from the substances (e.g. a "mobile" or a pale’),
152 XIII, 2 |       objects of mathematics are not substances in a higher degree than
153 XIII, 4 |            and exists apart from the substances, and so also in the case
154 XIII, 4 |            will be Forms not only of substances but also of many other things;
155 XIII, 4 |              not only in the case of substances, but also in that of non-substances,
156 XIII, 4 |            in there must be Ideas of substances only. For they are not shared
157 XIII, 5 |           could the Ideas, being the substances of things, exist apart?~
158 XIII, 6 |           that numbers are separable substances and first causes of things.
159 XIII, 6 |            not separate but sensible substances are formed out of it. For
160 XIII, 8 |             for it is these that are substances and Ideas. Yet they will
161 XIII, 9 |          assert that there are other substances besides the sensible must
162 XIII, 9 |             and the numbers are such substances, and that the elements of
163 XIII, 9 |            those who described their substances as universal combined these
164 XIII, 9 |            is that they did not make substances identical with sensible
165 XIII, 9 |               if there are to be any substances besides the sensible and
166 XIII, 9 |           the sensible and transient substances, that they must be separable,
167 XIII, 9 |         these universally predicated substances, so that it followed that
168 XIII, 10|       problems. If we do not suppose substances to be separate, and in the
169 XIII, 10|       substance"; but if we conceive substances to be separable, how are
170 XIII, 10|           the syllables in speech be substances, and their elements elements
171 XIII, 10|           their elements elements of substances; then there must be only
172 XIII, 10|            are universal, either the substances composed of them are also
173 XIII, 10|            claim that apart from the substances which have the same form
174 XIII, 10|           universal and not separate substances, presents indeed, of all
175 XIV, 1  |             the case of unchangeable substances. But since there cannot
176 XIV, 2  |        supposed not to be? Is it the substances that are one, or the affections
177 XIV, 2  |          being, in the sense of "the substances", is many; for the things
178 XIV, 2  |            cause of the plurality in substances also; for the same thing
179 XIV, 2  |          category-how there are many substances or many qualities-but how
180 XIV, 2  |         whole are many; for some are substances, some modifications, some
181 XIV, 2  |          they are not separable from substances, qualities and quantities
182 XIV, 2  |             cannot be separable from substances. But in the case of "thises",
183 XIV, 2  |         arising from the facts about substances is rather this, how there
184 XIV, 2  |              there are actually many substances and not one.~But further,
185 XIV, 3  |             For (i) extremes are not substances, but rather all these things
186 XIV, 3  |           what (ii) even if they are substances, they will all be the substances
187 XIV, 3  |     substances, they will all be the substances of the sensible things in
188 XIV, 4  |        existence of the unchangeable substances some say the One itself
189 XIV, 4  |         goods, the Ideas will not be substances; but if the Ideas are also
190 XIV, 4  |              Ideas are also Ideas of substances, all animals and plants
191 XIV, 4  |             the numbers as the first substances, and as capable of existing
192 XIV, 5  |         described, nor are the first substances. Nor does any one conceive
193 XIV, 5  |            numbers are the causes of substances and of being-whether (1)