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 1 4 |                   proposition; only such are propositions as have in them either truth
 2 5 |                    The first class of simple propositions is the simple affirmation,
 3 5 |                     before us.~We call those propositions single which indicate a
 4 5 |                      results in unity: those propositions, on the other hand, are
 5 5 |                    initiation.~To return: of propositions one kind is simple, i.e.
 6 5 |                      is compounded of simple propositions. A simple proposition is
 7 6 |                     will call such a pair of propositions a pair of contradictories.
 8 6 |                  Those positive and negative propositions are said to be contradictory
 9 7 |                  Callias" an individual.~Our propositions necessarily sometimes concern
10 7 |                    to a universal, these two propositions are "contrary". By the expression "
11 7 |                 regard to a universal", such propositions as "every man is white", "
12 7 |                    the positive and negative propositions, though they have regard
13 7 |                    contrary. As instances of propositions made with regard to a universal,
14 7 |                  character, we may take the "propositions "man is white", "man is
15 7 |                     some men are white". But propositions are opposed as contraries
16 7 |                     a pair of this sort both propositions cannot be true, but the
17 7 |          corresponding positive and negative propositions as refer to universals and
18 7 |                    to individuals, as in the propositions "Socrates is white", "Socrates
19 7 |                    is to universals, but the propositions are not universal, it is
20 7 |                  distinct from contradictory propositions and which the contrary are;
21 7 |                 regard to a pair of opposite propositions it is not always the case
22 8 |                  this is not so. Such single propositions are: "every man is white", "
23 8 |                     is equivalent to the two propositions "horse is white", "man is
24 8 |                  white". If, then, these two propositions have more than a single
25 8 |                    another instance of those propositions of which both the positive
26 9 |                    or which has taken place, propositions, whether positive or negative,
27 9 |                 subject is universal and the propositions are of a universal character,
28 9 |                subject is universal, but the propositions are not of a universal character,
29 9 |                  case is altered. For if all propositions whether positive or negative
30 9 |                  every pair of contradictory propositions, whether they have regard
31 9 |                   also, of two contradictory propositions this holds good. Everything
32 9 |                  take place to-morrow. Since propositions correspond with facts, it
33 9 |                  nonexistent. One of the two propositions in such instances must be
34 10|                      to these, there are the propositions: "not-man is", "not-man
35 10|                      not". Again we have the propositions: "every man is, "every man
36 10|                     be positive and negative propositions of two sorts. Thus in the
37 10|                   noun, which you will. Four propositions, therefore, instead of two
38 10|                    logical sequence with the propositions which deal with a condition
39 10|                  not-just", and two negative propositions are formed in the same way.
40 10|                   way. Thus we have the four propositions. Reference to the subjoined
41 10|                      proper scheme for these propositions, as has been said in the
42 10|                    the former case, that the propositions joined in the table by a
43 10|                    out two pairs of opposite propositions; there are moreover two
44 10|                    all the pairs of opposite propositions that can possibly be framed.
45 10|                      added.~Thus we have the propositions: "every man enjoys health", "
46 10| does-not-enjoy-health". We must not in these propositions use the expression "not
47 10|                     not enjoy health". These propositions differ from the former in
48 10|                      is plain that these two propositions will never both be true
49 10|                      instance before us: the propositions "not every animal is just"
50 10|                    the expression "man".~The propositions "everything that is not
51 10|               equivalent to any of the other propositions; on the other hand, the
52 11|                 either state in two separate propositions that man is an animal and
53 11|                    we cannot combine the two propositions and say simply that he is
54 11|                    the subject of the simple propositions as well as of the composite.
55 12|                   this is the case, in those propositions which do not contain the
56 12|                    positive and the negative propositions will be true; for that which
57 12|                impossible that contradictory propositions should both be true of the
58 12|                   that positive and negative propositions are formed. If the former
59 12|                      should be". The similar propositions, such as "it is necessary"
60 12|                     but cannot be". Thus the propositions "it may be" and "it may
61 12|                  other: for, since these two propositions are not contradictory, the
62 12|                      and may not be. But the propositions "it may be" and "it cannot
63 12|                   contradictory. Nor can the propositions "it may not be" and "it
64 12|                     of the same subject.~The propositions which have to do with necessity
65 12|                    the subject-matter of the propositions, and in making these terms
66 12|             following pairs as contradictory propositions:~It may be. It cannot be.~
67 13|                    when we have arranged the propositions thus. From the proposition "
68 13|                     it should be.~~~ Now the propositions "it is impossible that it
69 13|                      are consequent upon the propositions "it may be", "it is contingent",
70 13|                     subsisting between these propositions and those which predicate
71 13|                       In this case, contrary propositions follow respectively from
72 13|              respectively from contradictory propositions, and the contradictory propositions
73 13|          propositions, and the contradictory propositions belong to separate sequences.
74 13|                      not be", for both these propositions may be true of the same
75 13|                should be. The reason why the propositions predicating necessity do
76 13|                      should be. Thus, if the propositions predicating impossibility
77 13|                    contrary subject; for the propositions "it is impossible" and "
78 13|            impossible that the contradictory propositions predicating necessity should
79 13|                     either of the two former propositions is true, the twofold possibility
80 13|                      case also contradictory propositions follow contradictory in
81 14|                     man is unjust". Take the propositions "Callias is just", "Callias
82 14|                   the same subject. Thus the propositions "everything good is good", "
83 14|                     for their contraries the propositions "nothing good is good", "
84 14|                     good". The contradictory propositions, on the other hand, are "
85 14|                     true judgements nor true propositions can be contrary the one
86 14|                 other. For whereas, when two propositions are true, a man may state
87 14|                      inconsistency, contrary propositions are those which state contrary