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 1 [Title]|                     On Sophistical Refutations~
 2 1      |           us now discuss sophistic refutations, i.e. what appear to be
 3 1      |             i.e. what appear to be refutations but are really fallacies
 4 4      |            in the other instances.~Refutations, then, that depend upon
 5 6      |         divide apparent proofs and refutations as above, or else to refer
 6 8      |         sophistical syllogisms and refutations may depend. By a sophistical
 7 8      |            the answerer. Sophistic refutations on the other hand, even
 8 8      |         way, there will be neither refutations nor proofs, either absolutely
 9 9      | considerations on which depend the refutations of those who are refuted,
10 9      |           may be infinite too. Now refutations may be true as well as false:
11 9      |            to exhaust all possible refutations we shall have to have scientific
12 9      |            of everything: for some refutations depend upon the principles
13 9      |          matter of that, the false refutations likewise belong to the number
14 9      |             then, it is not of all refutations, but only of those that
15 9      |     whatever we grasp those of the refutations current on that subject.
16 9      |      considerations on which those refutations depend, that are merely
17 10     |          are not all even apparent refutations, let alone all refutations.
18 10     |         refutations, let alone all refutations. For there are also apparent
19 10     |            there are also apparent refutations which do not depend upon
20 11     |           the types of sophistical refutations: and that it belongs to
21 12     |           much, then, for apparent refutations. As for showing that the
22 14     |          as happens in the case of refutations.~Almost all apparent solecisms
23 14     |   resembles in a certain way those refutations which are said to depend
24 15     |      result that always happens in refutations, namely the contradiction
25 16     |      construct it again: so too in refutations, though we know the thing
26 17     |          then, inasmuch as certain refutations are generally taken for
27 19     |                          19~Of the refutations, then, that depend upon
28 20     |         how one should solve those refutations that depend upon the division
29 20     |          evident also that not all refutations depend upon ambiguity as
30 24     |            well.)~Some solve these refutations by demolishing the original
31 26     |                                 26~Refutations that depend on the definition
32 27     |                           27~As to refutations that depend on begging and
33 27     |           way from that adopted in refutations on side issues.~
34 28     |                     28~Also, those refutations that bring one to their
35 29     |              29~In the case of any refutations whose reasoning depends
36 30     |                   30~To meet those refutations which make several questions
37 30     |           to themselves.~Now these refutations fall into the province of