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 1 1 |   golden. In the same way both reasoning and refutation are sometimes
 2 1 |      view of these things. For reasoning rests on certain statements
 3 1 |     been stated: refutation is reasoning involving the contradictory
 4 1 |       later, there exists both reasoning and refutation that is apparent
 5 5 | happens like this also in real reasoning; e.g. Melissus’ argument,
 6 11|    contentious and sophistical reasoning: (1) one such is a merely
 7 11|      such is a merely apparent reasoning, on subjects on which dialectical
 8 11|  subjects on which dialectical reasoning is the proper method of
 9 11|      then, any merely apparent reasoning about these things is a
10 11|  contentious argument, and any reasoning that merely appears to conform
11 11|      even though it be genuine reasoning, is a contentious argument:
12 11|      so the art of contentious reasoning is foul fighting in disputation:
13 11|        the help of a theory of reasoning. Now there are many identical
14 18|        is an exposure of false reasoning, showing on what kind of
15 18|    depends, and whereas "false reasoning" has a double meaning-for
16 24|   along an exposition of false reasoning, showing on what its falsity
17 29|       of any refutations whose reasoning depends on some addition,
18 33|       to see why and where the reasoning leads the hearer astray,
19 33|     nerve of the argument, the reasoning that has both failed to
20 33|    marshal one’s questions and reasoning both against the thesis,
21 34|       discover some faculty of reasoning about any theme put before
22 34|      whereas on the subject of reasoning we had nothing else of an