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| Aristotle On youth and old age, on life and death, on breathing IntraText - Concordances (Hapax - words occurring once) |
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501 2 | many animals, when either part-the head or the receptacle of 502 6 | further application on our part-to give an account of the way 503 1 | this respect. To man in particular among the animals, on account 504 3 | grafts and cuttings this is particularly true of the buds; for the 505 17| epiglottis. When the food has passed, the epiglottis is in the 506 11| found in the Timaeus, of the passing round of the breath by pushing, 507 21| fire; the air also must penetrate all through it on account 508 21| being of a subtle nature, it penetrates everywhere and that rapidly, 509 26| That this is so we can perceive in the initial stages of 510 11| back again should be quite perceptible, while we were not able 511 3 | brain that the function of perception belongs to animals.)~ 512 23| that death is due, and in perfect creatures the cause is its 513 2 | 2~All perfectly formed animals are to be 514 21| operations can be easily performed by air, for, being of a 515 21| and that rapidly, and so performs its cooling function; but 516 11| are unable to breathe they perish. Again, it is absurd that 517 14| scattered. Now this way of perishing is due to violence equally 518 18| cetaceans may give rise to some perplexity, though they too can be 519 23| senility. Death and decay pertain to all things that are not 520 27| least conterminous. For physicians of culture and refinement 521 13| full many frequent channels pierce,~Cleaving the extreme nostrils 522 20| nitre would not be taken and placed in water, for fluid dissolves 523 13| cut a thoroughfare most plain.~And thence, whenever shrinks 524 4 | the flute and that which plays it-the hand-are diverse. 525 19| lung is purest and most plentiful is the most erect, namely 526 2 | single must be potentially plural. And it is too with the 527 16| receptacle of the breath (pneuma)), while gills are relevant 528 16| to have derived its name (pneumon) from its function as a 529 1 | of having his upper parts pointing upwards in the sense in 530 13| when~With water-clock of polished bronze a maiden sporting,~ 531 4 | animal is defined by the possession of sensitive soul, this 532 23| source of life is lost to its possessors when the heat with which 533 3 | it the other organs may possibly initiate changes, whereas 534 6 | certain species or water in pots, for the purpose of cooling 535 2 | are possessed of the same powers. Now it is evident both 536 6 | star-stricken. Hence the practice of laying beneath the roots 537 23| the long period of life preceding, and hence any increase 538 14| It is for this reason, precisely, that the primary nutritive 539 19| region proper to the element preponderating in the scheme of their constitution 540 11| land-animals, their heat is preserved, and whether it is due to 541 13| narrow,~upon the surface pressing,~Until the maid withdraws 542 27| heart and lungs conform pretty well to this shape. Such 543 13| result ensues, but, when prevented from breathing through the 544 10| cancel the pressure, thus preventing the expulsion of the soul 545 14| be cooled, for cold is a preventive against this form of extinction.~ 546 24| intervening time is the prime of life.~A violent death 547 1 | life and death. We must probably also at the same time state 548 5 | However, we have stated in The Problems the reasons why these operations, 549 6 | air in the other. We must proceed-and it will require further 550 17| organs have the faculty of producing refrigeration. But to prevent 551 12| shows rather that it is a product of the food. A consequence 552 26| influence of residual or waste products. It occurs, for example, 553 2 | also that are capable of progression have additional members 554 2 | divided, while others can be propagated by the taking of slips. 555 3 | we note it both in their propagation by seed and in grafts and 556 19| is always in the region proper to the element preponderating 557 3 | to spring from it; which proves that the point of origin 558 27| and investigate diverse provinces must not escape us, since 559 16| they have get their name (pterugion) from their similarity to 560 16| their similarity to wings (pterux). But of those with feet 561 26| abundant.~All the veins pulse, and do so simultaneously 562 19| the blood in the lung is purest and most plentiful is the 563 16| two organs one would be purposeless, this is the reason why 564 27| investigators into nature generally push their studies so far as 565 11| passing round of the breath by pushing, by no means determines 566 20| would not preserve it by putting it in a hot place, for the 567 20| place, for the opposing quality would quickly destroy it, 568 4 | when the warmth here is quenched, death always ensues, because 569 13| it should be heat which raises up and that the blood should 570 18| water, and dolphins, at any rate, snore. Further, if they 571 18| though they too can be rationally explained.~Examples of such 572 5 | not only is a smaller fire readily put out by a large one, 573 1 | clear that its essential reality cannot be corporeal, yet 574 20| has in each special case received consideration. Though in 575 2 | for seizing, others for receiving their food; or again they 576 13| shrinks away into the far recesses~Admits a stream of air rushing 577 11| the porous flesh; and this reciprocal replacement is due to the 578 26| Palpitation, then, is the recoil of the heart against the 579 15| blowing through the holes of a reed covered by a fine membrane. 580 22| precise details we must refer to Natural History. As a 581 9 | had considered this with reference to the organs, e.g. the 582 27| physicians of culture and refinement make some mention of natural 583 12| nutriment would enter and the refuse be discharged by the same 584 20| land, the warm in air. With regard, however, to states of body, 585 13| blood should occupy the hot region-but it collapses and sinks down, 586 10| external mind superintends the reinforcement; rather the origin of breathing 587 3 | heart, for the functions relative to nutrition exercised by 588 20| But the same theory would relegate them to the water, on account 589 16| pneuma)), while gills are relevant to refrigeration by water. 590 23| cooling, for, as I have often remarked, it is consumed by itself. 591 12| combat this doctrine I shall repeat what I said in opposition 592 11| flesh; and this reciprocal replacement is due to the fact that 593 23| no violent disturbance is required to cause death, and there 594 10| expulsion of the soul which resides in the animal.~This explains 595 26| the chilling influence of residual or waste products. It occurs, 596 23| forming tumours or waste residues, or by excess of morbid 597 5 | again they enable it to resist extinction by the surrounding 598 19| an excess of air and fire respectively. It is always in the region 599 10| of breathing and of the respiratory motion must be within: it 600 15| suffocation if it does not respire-as we have already said. For 601 7 | assert that all animals respire-which is untrue. Hence these points 602 27| increases. For it, like the rest of the body, requires nutrition, 603 13| air that entrance craves restrains the flood~At the gates of 604 10| and solidifies the body, retardation of the breathing results. 605 27| but when it is chilled and retreats through its channels to 606 11| thoracic influx and the return outwards once more of the 607 27| continually on being chilled it returns thither again. Hence, as 608 15| This explains also why they revive after being among ashes 609 20| to each material and the revolutions of the seasons which all 610 15| construction, causing a rising and falling movement, produces 611 5 | and rushing just like a river, but so speedily as to elude 612 13| where the extremity of the roof of the mouth is, some of 613 11| Timaeus, of the passing round of the breath by pushing, 614 11| passes out again by the same route, and pushes back inwards 615 22| heart others also issue and run to the extremity of each 616 27| dilates the outer air must rush in as into a bellows, and, 617 13| when it moves down the air rushes in and inspiration occurs; 618 3 | Certainly, however, all saguineous animals have the supreme 619 20| Again, a thing composed of salt or nitre would not be taken 620 17| all cases arranged in a saw-like fashion, for they are debarred 621 8 | treated of respiration, while saying nothing definite about the 622 16| e.g. birds, and those with scales, e.g. tortoises, lizards, 623 14| though more speedily) when scattered. Now this way of perishing 624 19| element preponderating in the scheme of their constitution that 625 27| some mention of natural science, and claim to derive their 626 27| claim the attention of the scientist, and not mercly of the physician, 627 9 | parts, e.g. the class called Scolopendra. But how can they, when 628 16| crocodiles and hemydes, both sea—and land-tortoises, and 629 16| and land-tortoises, and seals.~All these and similar animals 630 20| cured by a situation or season of opposite character, but 631 27| hot substance which is the seat of the nutritive principle 632 13| through the nostrils as a secondary function in certain animals 633 15| air, for, in the middle section itself, the air which exists 634 2 | Plants; plants when cut into sections continue to live, and a 635 15| beneath the waist, in order to secure cooling through the membrane, 636 3 | in their propagation by seed and in grafts and cuttings. 637 15| the heat in the central segment is destroyed. This explains 638 2 | for evidently the divided segments of these animals have sensation. 639 5 | nutriment in the flame is seized by the larger one before 640 5 | extinction. That which is self-caused we call exhaustion, that 641 23| is withering, in animals senility. Death and decay pertain 642 13| the sense of smell, the sense-organ is not the same in all.~ 643 3 | the supreme organ of the sensefaculties in the heart, for it is 644 1 | common organ in which the senses when functioning must meet, 645 2 | division display slight sensitiveness because they retain some 646 3 | must look for the common sensorium belonging to all the sense-organs. 647 5 | consumes it all before more is sent up by evaporation. Hence 648 2 | from one single source. A separate account will be given of 649 17| in some cases the tongue serves both for discerning tastes 650 13| bronze a maiden sporting,~Sets on her comely hand the narrow 651 15| of which live as long as seven years) and all that make 652 6 | time of year, there being severe frost, plants shrivel, or 653 23| the soul’s connexion is severed. All diseases which harden 654 18| through the folds beside their shaggy parts, while cuttlefish 655 27| conform pretty well to this shape. Such a structure must be 656 4 | governing organ takes the chief share in this process. Hence, 657 17| rapid, and their teeth are sharp and in almost all cases 658 13| frail-formed water’s silvery sheen;~Not then the flood the 659 23| their feet, so long as the shell is left, a fact to be explained 660 3 | or into this that the new shoot is inserted, when we wish 661 16| forth on land and sleep on shore or, when they do so in the 662 15| such animals are almost all short-lived, for, being small, they 663 6 | being severe frost, plants shrivel, or if, in the extreme heats 664 22| those ducts, but on either side of the heart others also 665 13| the frail-formed water’s silvery sheen;~Not then the flood 666 22| of the heart a tube of a sinewy, arterial character runs 667 15| membrane. It is thus that the singing crickets too produce their 668 13| region-but it collapses and sinks down, like the bellows once 669 23| essential nature. This member is situate, as has been said, at the 670 2 | organs on division display slight sensitiveness because they 671 23| tiny feeble flame which the slightest movement puts out. Hence 672 17| whether liquid or dry, slipping in through the windpipe 673 2 | propagated by the taking of slips. In this respect, however, 674 5 | evaporation. Hence not only is a smaller fire readily put out by 675 27| constructed like the bellows in a smithy, for both heart and lungs 676 16| tortoises, lizards, and snakes. The former class have a 677 18| and dolphins, at any rate, snore. Further, if they are entangled 678 5 | covered up continuously by the so-called "choker", they are quickly 679 13| contrast to the size of the solid particles, but large relatively 680 10| is cold and contracts and solidifies the body, retardation of 681 | sometimes 682 15| crickets too produce their song; they possess greater warmth 683 15| indented at the waist, but the songless variety have no fissure 684 18| are entangled in nets they soon die of suffocation owing 685 20| question, however, as to what sorts of animals should be called 686 20| the means which must be sought in order to correct such 687 13| flood~At the gates of the sounding narrow,~upon the surface 688 23| animals have potentially many sources of life, though in actuality 689 26| crushed into so small a space that sometimes life is extinguished, 690 16| employ respiration more sparingly as already said. The function 691 26| in the ailment known as "spasms"" and in other diseases. 692 4 | be distinct (and must be spatially diverse too, if possible, 693 8 | animals, nevertheless seem to speak as if all breathed. But 694 27| this organ, and this is specially the case in those animals 695 6 | roots stones of certain species or water in pots, for the 696 23| all animals, but there are specifically diverse ways in which these 697 17| discerning tastes and for speech, so in animals with lungs 698 10| primary forms among the spherical particles. Hence, when these 699 7 | physical philosophers have spoken of respiration. The reason, 700 13| polished bronze a maiden sporting,~Sets on her comely hand 701 3 | branch or a new root to spring from it; which proves that 702 26| perceive in the initial stages of generation, for the heart 703 6 | are said to be blighted or star-stricken. Hence the practice of laying 704 3 | Genesis from seeds always starts from the middle. All seeds 705 7 | or, when they have, their statements are not correct and show 706 1 | plants, owing to their being stationary and drawing their sustenance 707 1 | on account of his erect stature, belongs the characteristic 708 9 | animal of a similar class to stay beneath water. But with 709 6 | laying beneath the roots stones of certain species or water 710 23| and hence any increase of strain on the organ quickly causes 711 27| nature generally push their studies so far as to conclude with 712 3 | not to be occupied with subordinate offices.~Certainly, however, 713 2 | have additional members subservient to this purpose, by means 714 10| his account, comes in to succour them. For in the air there 715 8 | through their gills, they suck the air out of the water 716 9 | so that they must do the sucking with the stomach. But in 717 6 | end by exhaustion. Trees suffering at such seasons are said 718 14| extinction or by exhaustion. It suffers extinction from its opposites. 719 22| to Natural History. As a summarizing statement, however, and 720 6 | in the extreme heats of summer the moisture drawn from 721 10| case that the external mind superintends the reinforcement; rather 722 2 | together, but animals of superior construction behave differently 723 26| the process terminates in suppuration due to the thickening of 724 13| the to the subtle blood, surging throughout the limbs,~Whene’ 725 10| is absurd also that what surrounds should compress and at the 726 2 | they retain some psychical susceptibility; the animals continue to 727 1 | stationary and drawing their sustenance from the ground, the upper 728 18| order to prevent its being swallowed simultaneously with the 729 17| contract the windpipe when swallowing their food; the former close 730 15| flies and bees, for they can swim about in a fluid for a long 731 11| and death, for it results synchronously that when respiring animals 732 16| gills. It is called the tadpole.~No animal yet has been 733 13| of respiration that he is talking, we must ask how it tallies 734 13| talking, we must ask how it tallies with the explanation given. 735 17| serves both for discerning tastes and for speech, so in animals 736 10| Democritus, however, does teach that in the breathing animals 737 17| food is rapid, and their teeth are sharp and in almost 738 23| is bound up is no longer tempered by cooling, for, as I have 739 15| animals with little strength tend to breathe more frequently. 740 13| whenever shrinks away the tender blood,~Enters the blustering 741 26| through the walls, the process terminates in suppuration due to the 742 | themselves 743 26| in suppuration due to the thickening of the liquid, while in 744 3 | that causes some people to think that it is in virtue of 745 11| according to this way of thinking it will follow that we breathe 746 15| membrane, which there is thinner. They are warmer animals 747 2 | excrement is discharged, and the third the region intermediate 748 6 | from food produces heat and thirst. The air, if it be motionless, 749 11| were not able to detect the thoracic influx and the return outwards 750 13| Lies hid, for air is cut a thoroughfare most plain.~And thence, 751 26| continuously, is similar to the throbbing of an abscess. That, however, 752 9 | water and when they are thrown on to dry land and gasp. 753 10| the surrounding atmosphere thrusting them out, respiration, according 754 11| The theory found in the Timaeus, of the passing round of 755 23| though the heart contained a tiny feeble flame which the slightest 756 11| land-animals we should be told what is the reason of that. 757 17| For, as in some cases the tongue serves both for discerning 758 27| life and death and kindred topics is now practically complete. 759 9 | e.g. when one forces a tortoise or a frog or any other animal 760 14| of the veins; they do not traverse it, but are found to stretch 761 8 | certain others who have treated of respiration, while saying 762 2 | which they bear the whole trunk, to wit legs and feet and 763 9 | so also, which is not the truth; and the water-animals also 764 9 | occurs, in whatsoever way we try to obtain it, since they 765 23| harden the lung by forming tumours or waste residues, or by 766 23| destruction there are different types, though yet something is 767 22| is limited in amount and unchanged they are suffocated, for 768 22| 22~In order to understand the way in which the heart 769 2 | their constitution is a unity of the highest possible 770 10| this explains death not universally, but only in respiring animals. 771 7 | may not be thought to make unsubstantiated charges against authors 772 8 | But these theories are untenable. Firstly, they state only 773 7 | animals respire-which is untrue. Hence these points must 774 22| which those animals make use that possess a lung as well 775 5 | great quantity, quickly uses up its nutriment and consumes 776 13| by the channel beside the uvula where the extremity of the 777 16| that Nature does nothing in vain, and if there were two organs 778 26| the young the formation of vapour is more abundant.~All the 779 15| waist, but the songless variety have no fissure there.~Animals 780 14| region which is the immediate vehicle of this principle. The region 781 21| charged with blood of all the visceral organs. All animals with 782 23| sanguineous animals, all whose vitality is not intense live for 783 2 | continue to move after the vitals have been abstracted: tortoises, 784 26| fluid rises to the outer wall of the heart, and it goes 785 26| evaporation through the walls, the process terminates 786 | was 787 13| it breathes. As when~With water-clock of polished bronze a maiden 788 18| molluscs and crustaceans admit water-I mean such animals as Carabi 789 16| water, e.g. the class of water-snakes and frogs and crocodiles 790 13| air rushing with swelling wave,~But, when it backward leaps, 791 20| to constitute a thing of wax or of ice, she would not 792 10| have experience. For in hot weather we grow warmer, and, having 793 18| animals are dolphins and whales, and all others that have 794 | whence 795 13| surging throughout the limbs,~Whene’er it shrinks away into 796 | whenever 797 1 | or faculties of the soul (whichever of the two be the correct 798 20| heat than air. But it is wholly absurd that the water-animals 799 | whose 800 13| wind with swelling billow wild.~But when the blood leaps 801 13| blood,~Enters the blustering wind with swelling billow wild.~ 802 17| it were, a lid over the windpipe-the epiglottis. In birds and 803 19| larger amount of water; while winged and terrestrial animals 804 3 | shoot is inserted, when we wish either a new branch or a 805 13| pressing,~Until the maid withdraws her hand. But then in contrariwise~ 806 24| life. In plants this is to wither, in animals to die. Death, 807 23| the name given to this is withering, in animals senility. Death 808 3 | sensation. Elsewhere in other works we have stated the reasons 809 6 | cold owing to the time of year, there being severe frost, 810 15| which live as long as seven years) and all that make a humming 811 26| older people, for in the young the formation of vapour