Book, Paragraph
1 I, 1 | therefore in the science of Nature, as in other branches of
2 I, 1 | clearer and more knowable by nature; for the same things are
3 I, 1 | what is more obscure by nature, but clearer to us, towards
4 I, 1 | clear and more knowable by nature.~Now what is to us plain
5 I, 2 | contribution to the science of Nature. For just as the geometer
6 I, 2 | the things that exist by nature are, either all or some
7 I, 2 | physical questions, though Nature is not their subject: so
8 I, 3 | if we consider the mere nature of a definition. For instance,
9 I, 4 | different names according to the nature of the particles which are
10 I, 4 | bone or flesh, but the nature of a thing is held to be
11 I, 4 | for it is when we know the nature and quantity of its components
12 I, 5 | presupposition must be that in nature nothing acts on, or is acted
13 I, 6 | density should be of such a nature as to act in any way on
14 I, 6 | they construct the world of nature.~Other objections to the
15 I, 6 | suppose an intermediate nature for each pair separately.
16 I, 7 | said to be in its essential nature, not what each is in respect
17 I, 7 | counted, for it is more of the nature of a "this", and what comes
18 I, 7 | difference of essential nature, but three. For "to be man"
19 I, 7 | presence.)~The underlying nature is an object of scientific
20 I, 7 | form, so is the underlying nature to substance, i.e. the "
21 I, 7 | the principles, and the nature of the substratum. Whether
22 I, 7 | substratum is the essential nature of a physical object is
23 I, 7 | question of the number and the nature of the principles.~
24 I, 8 | search for truth and the nature of things by their inexperience,
25 I, 8 | privation, which in its own nature is not-being,-this not surviving
26 I, 8 | had come in sight of this nature, all their ignorance would
27 I, 9 | indeed, have apprehended the nature in question, but not adequately.~
28 I, 9 | the privation in its own nature is not-being; and that the
29 I, 9 | must be some underlying nature, but they make it one-for
30 I, 9 | he overlooked the other nature. For the one which persists
31 I, 9 | other such as of its own nature to desire and yearn for
32 I, 9 | ceases to be in its own nature, for what ceases to be-the
33 I, 9 | not cease to be in its own nature, but is necessarily outside
34 I, 9 | this is its own special nature, so that it will be before
35 II, 1 | that exist, some exist by nature, some from other causes.~"
36 II, 1 | some from other causes.~"By nature" the animals and their parts
37 II, 1 | these and the like exist "by nature".~All the things mentioned
38 II, 1 | which are not constituted by nature. Each of them has within
39 II, 1 | which seems to indicate that nature is a source or cause of
40 II, 1 | virtue of what they are).~"Nature" then is what has been stated.
41 II, 1 | been stated. Things "have a nature" which have a principle
42 II, 1 | for it is a subject, and nature always implies a subject
43 II, 1 | The term "according to nature" is applied to all these
44 II, 1 | upwards-which is not a "nature" nor "has a nature" but
45 II, 1 | not a "nature" nor "has a nature" but is "by nature" or "
46 II, 1 | has a nature" but is "by nature" or "according to nature".~
47 II, 1 | nature" or "according to nature".~What nature is, then,
48 II, 1 | according to nature".~What nature is, then, and the meaning
49 II, 1 | meaning of the terms "by nature" and "according to nature",
50 II, 1 | nature" and "according to nature", has been stated. That
51 II, 1 | has been stated. That nature exists, it would be absurd
52 II, 1 | correspond.)~Some identify the nature or substance of a natural
53 II, 1 | arrangement, e.g. the wood is the "nature" of the bed, and the bronze
54 II, 1 | bed, and the bronze the "nature" of the statue.~As an indication
55 II, 1 | attribute, whereas the real nature is the other, which, further,
56 II, 1 | they say) would be their nature and essence. Consequently
57 II, 1 | all of these, to be the nature of the things that are.
58 II, 1 | then is one account of "nature", namely that it is the
59 II, 1 | Another account is that "nature" is the shape or form which
60 II, 1 | the thing.~For the word "nature" is applied to what is according
61 II, 1 | to what is according to nature and the natural in the same
62 II, 1 | bone has not yet its own "nature", and does not exist until
63 II, 1 | in the second sense of "nature" it would be the shape or
64 II, 1 | the two, e.g. man, is not "nature" but "by nature" or "natural".)~
65 II, 1 | is not "nature" but "by nature" or "natural".)~The form
66 II, 1 | natural".)~The form indeed is "nature" rather than the matter;
67 II, 1 | that the figure is not the nature of a bed, but the wood is-if
68 II, 1 | the shape of man is his nature. For man is born from man.~
69 II, 1 | also speak of a thing’s nature as being exhibited in the
70 II, 1 | process of growth by which its nature is attained. The "nature"
71 II, 1 | nature is attained. The "nature" in this sense is not like "
72 II, 1 | is not in this way that nature (in the one sense) is related
73 II, 1 | one sense) is related to nature (in the other). What grows
74 II, 1 | tends. The shape then is nature.~"Shape" and "nature", it
75 II, 1 | is nature.~"Shape" and "nature", it should be added, are
76 II, 2 | ways in which the term "nature" is used.~The next point
77 II, 2 | be supposed to know the nature of sun or moon, but not
78 II, 2 | qua mathematical.~Since "nature" has two senses, the form
79 II, 2 | other hand art imitates nature, and it is the part of the
80 II, 2 | of physics also to know nature in both its senses.~Again, "
81 II, 2 | knowledge as the means. But the nature is the end or "that for
82 II, 2 | whereas in the products of nature the matter is there all
83 II, 3 | Such then is the number and nature of the kinds of cause.~Now
84 II, 4 | generation of animals and plants, nature or mind or something of
85 II, 5 | result of thought or of nature.) Things of this kind, then,
86 II, 6 | things that come to be by nature; for when anything comes
87 II, 6 | comes to be contrary to nature, we do not say that it came
88 II, 6 | result from intelligence or nature, have in fact been caused
89 II, 6 | posterior to intelligence and nature. Hence, however true it
90 II, 6 | true that intelligence and nature will be prior causes of
91 II, 7 | sake of which". Hence since nature is for the sake of something,
92 II, 7 | reference to the essential nature in each case).~
93 II, 8 | must explain then (1) that Nature belongs to the class of
94 II, 8 | presents itself: why should not nature work, not for the sake of
95 II, 8 | the same with the parts in nature, e.g. that our teeth should
96 II, 8 | such things are all due to nature even the champions of the
97 II, 8 | which come to be and are by nature.~Further, where a series
98 II, 8 | intelligent action, so in nature; and as in nature, so it
99 II, 8 | so in nature; and as in nature, so it is in each action,
100 II, 8 | of an end; therefore the nature of things also is so. Thus
101 II, 8 | had been a thing made by nature, it would have been made
102 II, 8 | art; and if things made by nature were made also by art, they
103 II, 8 | be in the same way as by nature. Each step then in the series
104 II, 8 | art partly completes what nature cannot bring to a finish,
105 II, 8 | fruit. If then it is both by nature and for an end that the
106 II, 8 | which come to be and are by nature. And since "nature" means
107 II, 8 | are by nature. And since "nature" means two things, the matter
108 II, 8 | possible in the operations of nature also. If then in art there
109 II, 8 | entirely does away with "nature" and what exists "by nature".
110 II, 8 | nature" and what exists "by nature". For those things are natural
111 II, 8 | produce the same results by nature. If, therefore, purpose
112 II, 8 | art, it is present also in nature. The best illustration is
113 II, 8 | doctor doctoring himself: nature is like that.~It is plain
114 II, 8 | that.~It is plain then that nature is a cause, a cause that
115 II, 9 | things which have a necessary nature, but it is not due to these (
116 II, 9 | through the operation of nature. Since a straight line is
117 II, 9 | angles.~The necessary in nature, then, is plainly what we
118 III, 1 | 1~NATURE has been defined as a "principle
119 III, 1 | unknown, the meaning of "nature" too would be unknown.~When
120 III, 1 | When we have determined the nature of motion, our next task
121 III, 4 | 4~The science of nature is concerned with spatial
122 III, 4 | considerations:~(1) From the nature of time-for it is infinite.~(
123 III, 4 | because it is not in its nature to be gone through (the
124 III, 5 | not possible.~It is the nature of every kind of sensible
125 III, 5 | how? What then will be the nature of its rest and of its movement,
126 III, 5 | empty space or a body whose nature it is to be nowhere.~Anaxagoras
127 III, 5 | it is there by its own nature. But this is not true: a
128 III, 5 | and not where it is its nature to be.~Even if it is true
129 III, 5 | explain why it is not its nature to be moved. It is not enough
130 III, 5 | why it should not be its nature to be moved. The earth is
131 III, 5 | but because this is its nature. Yet in this case also we
132 III, 6 | the world, whose essential nature is air or something of the
133 III, 6 | however, in virtue of its own nature, but in virtue of what is
134 III, 7 | in the sense of a single nature, but its secondary sense
135 IV, 1 | before and behind. But in nature each is distinct, taken
136 IV, 1 | position, not having by nature these various characteristics.
137 IV, 1 | in place. If this is its nature, the potency of place must
138 IV, 1 | settled, the question of its nature presents difficulty-whether
139 IV, 1 | be? If it has the sort of nature described, it cannot be
140 IV, 2 | indeterminate is of this nature; when the boundary and attributes
141 IV, 2 | raised about its essential nature.~
142 IV, 3 | essence, each having a special nature and capacity, "surface"
143 IV, 3 | itself-if a thing whose nature it is to receive can be
144 IV, 4 | actually, in virtue of its own nature, or (2) in virtue of something
145 IV, 4 | something which by its own nature is capable of being moved,
146 IV, 5 | its existence and of its nature.~
147 IV, 6 | void distinguishes their nature.~These, then, and so many,
148 IV, 7 | be tangible; and of this nature is whatever has weight or
149 IV, 7 | Since we have determined the nature of place, and void must,
150 IV, 8 | compulsory or according to nature, and if there is compulsory
151 IV, 8 | movement is contrary to nature, and movement contrary to
152 IV, 8 | and movement contrary to nature is posterior to that according
153 IV, 8 | posterior to that according to nature, so that if each of the
154 IV, 8 | the things that exist by nature must be differentiated.
155 IV, 8 | direction in which it is its nature to be displaced-always either
156 IV, 8 | directions-whatever be the nature of the inserted body. Now
157 IV, 10| Then secondly, what is its nature? To start, then: the following
158 IV, 10| what time is or what is its nature, the traditional accounts
159 IV, 11| because it is one in its own nature (for there might be pauses
160 IV, 12| the distance is of this nature, and the time has them because
161 IV, 12| fair. For time is by its nature the cause rather of decay,
162 IV, 13| smallness; but it is the nature of all change to alter things
163 V, 2 | to explain the essential nature of motion and rest, the
164 V, 4 | in virtue of community of nature (for there might be a case
165 VI, 10| magnitude proper to the peculiar nature of the thing that is increasing,
166 VII, 3 | perfections of a thing’s nature and defects are departures
167 VII, 3 | excellences being perfections of nature and the defects departures
168 VII, 3 | and motion in their souls. Nature itself causes the soul to
169 VII, 4 | while others are not, if the nature of the attribute in the
170 VIII, 1| have anything to say about nature, because they all concern
171 VIII, 1| not only for the study of nature, but also for the investigation
172 VIII, 1| such is the ordinance of nature and that this must be regarded
173 VIII, 1| produced or directed by nature can never be anything disorderly:
174 VIII, 1| anything disorderly: for nature is everywhere the cause
175 VIII, 1| no longer say that it is nature’s work: for if anything
176 VIII, 1| the causes that explain nature to the fact that things
177 VIII, 2| change is eternal: for the nature of all change is such that
178 VIII, 3| ultimately referable to nature herself.~The assertion that
179 VIII, 3| ultimately referable to nature herself, nevertheless motion
180 VIII, 3| the characteristic fact of nature: moreover, the view is actually
181 VIII, 3| Further, it is a law of nature that earth and all other
182 VIII, 4| that one part of it is by nature active and another passive.
183 VIII, 5| the whole being of such a nature as to be capable of moving
184 VIII, 6| in things constituted by nature that which is finite and
185 VIII, 6| wish to explain also the nature of each of the other two
186 VIII, 6| always something of this nature, a movent that is itself
187 VIII, 7| always assume the presence in nature of the better, if it be
188 VIII, 7| is prior in the order of nature. Now all things that go
189 VIII, 8| explanation of its true nature it is inadequate. For suppose
190 VIII, 9| perishable: and in the order of nature, of definition, and of time
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