Book, Paragraph

  1      I, I    |               is as follows: When the government is personal, the ruler is
  2      I, II   |             family the kingly form of government prevailed because they were
  3      I, VII  |              constitutional rule is a government of freemen and equals. The
  4      I, XIII |             of the different forms of government. For, inasmuch as every
  5     II, II   |           that an should share in the government (whether to govern be a
  6     II, V    |              could see such a form of government in the actual process of
  7     II, V    |           gain by submitting to their government? Or, upon what principle
  8     II, V    |             be the education, form of government, laws of the lower class,
  9     II, V    |               manage a household. The government, too, as constituted by
 10     II, VI   |            are to have a share in the government, and whether they, too,
 11     II, VI   |           houses.~The whole system of government tends to be neither democracy
 12     II, VI   |               other more aristocratic government. Some, indeed, say that
 13     II, VII  |            who are outside of it. The government must be organized with a
 14     II, VIII |      inquiries about the best form of government.~The city of Hippodamus
 15     II, VIII |               all have a share in the government. But the husbandmen have
 16     II, VIII |          classes have no share in the government, how can they be loyal citizens?
 17     II, VIII |            other classes share in the government at all, or have power to
 18     II, VIII |            fairly have a share in the government. But in the republic of
 19     II, X    |            This shows that the Cretan government, although possessing some
 20     II, X    |               revealed. Enough of the government of Crete.~
 21     II, XI   |             have an excellent form of government, which differs from that
 22     II, XI   |           equally to all the forms of government which we have mentioned.
 23     II, XI   |        aristocracy and constitutional government, some incline more to democracy
 24     II, XI   |           services extend to all.~The government of the Carthaginians is
 25     II, XII  |             slavery and enmity to the government. All the magistrates he
 26    III, I    |              state; a constitution or government being an arrangement of
 27    III, I    |             give them no share in the government. But surely it is ridiculous
 28    III, I    |            differs under each form of government; and our definition is best
 29    III, II   |              given they shared in the government, they were citizens. This
 30    III, III  |        constitution, when the form of government changes, and becomes different,
 31    III, III  |          engagements when the form of government changes.~
 32    III, IV   |               there are many forms of government, it is evident that there
 33    III, IV   |           classes had no share in the government—a privilege which they only
 34    III, V    |               there are many forms of government there must be many varieties
 35    III, V    |          aristocracy or the so-called government of the best (if there be
 36    III, VI   |             there is only one form of government or many, and if many, what
 37    III, VI   |               the highest of all. The government is everywhere sovereign
 38    III, VI   |           constitution is in fact the government. For example, in democracies
 39    III, VI   |               that these two forms of government also are different: and
 40    III, VI   |          state, and how many forms of government there are by which human
 41    III, VI   |                On the other hand, the government of a wife and children and
 42    III, VII  |            consider how many forms of government there are, and what they
 43    III, VII  |            The words constitution and government have the same meaning, and
 44    III, VII  |             the same meaning, and the government, which is the supreme authority
 45    III, VII  |               many. The true forms of government, therefore, are those in
 46    III, VII  |               advantages. Of forms of government in which one rules, we call
 47    III, VII  |              the common interest, the government is called by the generic
 48    III, VII  |             Hence in a constitutional government the fighting-men have the
 49    III, VII  |          oligarchy; of constitutional government, democracy. For tyranny
 50    III, VIII |     difficulties about these forms of government, and it will therefore be
 51    III, VIII |              men of property have the government in their hands; democracy,
 52    III, VIII |           democracy is said to be the government of the many. But what if
 53    III, VIII |           oligarchy is said to be the government of the few; but what if
 54    III, VIII |              these different forms of government would no longer hold good.~
 55    III, VIII |             For, if the only forms of government are the ones already mentioned,
 56    III, IX   |               those who care for good government take into consideration
 57    III, IX   |       partisans of different forms of government speak of a part of justice
 58    III, XI   |             hand, the popular form of government involves certain difficulties.
 59    III, XI   |              But if so, true forms of government will of necessity have just
 60    III, XI   |                and perverted forms of government will have unjust laws.~
 61    III, XIII |             certain that all forms of government which rest on either of
 62    III, XIII |              above-mentioned forms of government. For states are characterized
 63    III, XIII |              bodies-one of them has a government of the rich, another of
 64    III, XIII |       freeborn. In an aristocracy, or government of the best, a like difficulty
 65    III, XIII |              the other members of the government, however good they may be,
 66    III, XIII |            claim to be masters of the government on the ground of their virtue
 67    III, XIII |              under different forms of government, but in the best state he
 68    III, XIII |         equally concerns all forms of government, true as well as false;
 69    III, XIII |            their cities, if their own government is for the interest of the
 70    III, XIII |              under perverted forms of government, and from their special
 71    III, XIV  |              one of the true forms of government. Let us see whether in order
 72    III, XIV  |              under some other form of government; and whether monarchy, although
 73    III, XIV  |                and that the manner of government is not the same in all of
 74    III, XIV  |              rebel against a despotic government. Such royalties have the
 75    III, XIV  |              praises."~These forms of government have always had the character
 76    III, XIV  |              is a hereditary despotic government in accordance with law.
 77    III, XV   |               exist under any form of government, so that this matter may
 78    III, XV   |              Hence it is clear that a government acting according to written
 79    III, XV   |             than royalty, whether the government is supported by force or
 80    III, XV   |             in size, no other form of government appears to be any longer
 81    III, XVI  |             is not a distinct form of government, for under all governments,
 82    III, XVI  |             of the monarch and of his government; if not his friends, they
 83    III, XVII |               other perverted form of government; for these come into being
 84    III, XVII |           what natures are suited for government by a king, and what for
 85    III, XVII |             what for a constitutional government.~A people who are by nature
 86    III, XVII |            rule are fitted for kingly government; and a people submitting
 87    III, XVIII|       maintain that the true forms of government are three, and that the
 88     IV, I    |              Hence it is obvious that government too is the subject of a
 89     IV, I    |            which has to consider what government is best and of what sort
 90     IV, I    |     impediment, and also what kind of government is adapted to particular
 91     IV, I    |               to know (4) the form of government which is best suited to
 92     IV, I    |       consider, not only what form of government is best, but also what is
 93     IV, I    |          Lacedaemonian. Any change of government which has to be introduced
 94     IV, I    |               knows how many forms of government there are. It is often supposed
 95     IV, I    |            varieties, of each form of government, if only with a view to
 96     IV, II   |       aristocracy, and constitutional government, and three corresponding
 97     IV, II   |              so-called constitutional government, which bears the common
 98     IV, II   |              3) of the other forms of government to whom each is suited.
 99     IV, III  |               there are many forms of government is that every state contains
100     IV, III  |           number, have a share in the government. It is evident then that
101     IV, III  |           there must be many forms of government, differing in kind, since
102     IV, III  |         therefore be as many forms of government as there are modes of arranging
103     IV, III  |              so-called constitutional government to be really a democracy,
104     IV, III  |             these two. About forms of government this is a very favorite
105     IV, III  |           mode or of the best form of government: we may compare the severer
106     IV, IV   |      democracy is simply that form of government in which the greater number
107     IV, IV   |      oligarchies, and indeed in every government, the majority rules; nor
108     IV, IV   |             is oligarchy that form of government in which a few are sovereign.
109     IV, IV   |          their equals, a share of the government—no one will say that this
110     IV, IV   |            one would ever call such a government, in which the rich majority
111     IV, IV   |              democracy is the form of government in which the free are rulers,
112     IV, IV   |              are the few. Otherwise a government in which the offices were
113     IV, IV   |             further, and say that the government is not a democracy in which
114     IV, IV   |      democracy when the rich have the government because they exceed in number;
115     IV, IV   |           Lydian War. But the form of government is a democracy when the
116     IV, IV   |               there are many forms of government, and have explained to what
117     IV, IV   |               is true of the forms of government which have been described;
118     IV, IV   |          other prevails they form the government. Hence arises the common
119     IV, IV   |           that there are two kinds of government—democracy and oligarchy.~
120     IV, IV   |            persons alike share in the government to the utmost. And since
121     IV, IV   |          majority is decisive, such a government must necessarily be a democracy.
122     IV, IV   |           property has a share in the government, but he who loses his property
123     IV, IV   |         disqualification share in the government, but still the law is supreme.
124     IV, IV   |           citizen, is admitted to the government, but the law is supreme
125     IV, IV   |           democracy be a real form of government, the sort of system in which
126     IV, V    |        majority, have no share in the government, yet he who acquires a qualification
127     IV, VI   |           mentioned must share in the government, or some only and not others.
128     IV, VI   |           have the supreme power, the government is administered according
129     IV, VI   |             all obtain a share in the government when they have acquired
130     IV, VI   |            but actually shares in the government only if he can find leisure.
131     IV, VI   |               a right to share in the government, but do not actually share,
132     IV, VI   |          citizens have a place in the government, through the great preponderance
133     IV, VI   |               right of sharing in the government. The sharers in the government
134     IV, VI   |        government. The sharers in the government being a numerous body, it
135     IV, VI   |            from a monarchical form of government, and in respect of property
136     IV, VI   |             are to be admitted to the government; but, not being as yet strong
137     IV, VII  |               four principal forms of government, which are said to be (1)
138     IV, VII  |              so-called aristocracy or government of the best. But there is
139     IV, VII  |              polity or constitutional government; this is not common, and
140     IV, VII  |      enumerate the different kinds of government; like Plato, in their books
141     IV, VII  |        rightly applied to the form of government which is described in the
142     IV, VII  |         called aristocracy which is a government formed of the best men absolutely,
143     IV, VII  |         relatively to his own form of government. But there are some states
144     IV, VII  |              polity or constitutional government; these are termed aristocracies,
145     IV, VII  |           their merit. Such a form of government differs from each of the
146     IV, VII  |              be found. And so where a government has regard to wealth, virtue,
147     IV, VIII |              polity or constitutional government is to be regarded as a perversion
148     IV, VIII |              the most perfect form of government, and so they are reckoned
149     IV, VIII |               consider constitutional government; of which the nature will
150     IV, VIII |              polity or constitutional government may be described generally
151     IV, VIII |             applied to those forms of government which incline towards democracy,
152     IV, VIII |                do not constitute good government. Hence there are two parts
153     IV, VIII |           there are two parts of good government; one is the actual obedience
154     IV, VIII |             of those who share in the government has authority. Now in most
155     IV, VIII |           claim an equal share in the government, freedom, wealth, and virtue (
156     IV, VIII |              polity or constitutional government; and the union of the three
157     IV, VIII |             called aristocracy or the government of the best, and more than
158     IV, VIII |           more than any other form of government, except the true and ideal,
159     IV, IX   |              polity or constitutional government springs up, and how it should
160     IV, IX   |             modes in which fusions of government may be affected. In the
161     IV, IX   |    characteristic of a constitutional government, for it is a combination
162     IV, IX   |             and yet neither; also the government should rely on itself, and
163     IV, IX   |            there is a vicious form of government—but through the general
164     IV, IX   |             in which a constitutional government, and in which the so-called
165     IV, X    |        reckoned by us to be a form of government), although there is not
166     IV, X    |           from it, will endure such a government.~The kinds of tyranny are
167     IV, XI   |             share, and to the form of government which states in general
168     IV, XI   |              so-called constitutional government, and therefore need no separate
169     IV, XI   |            has a greater share in the government; for when there is no middle
170     IV, XI   |        establishing a just or popular government, regards political supremacy
171     IV, XI   |         interest of their own form of government, and established in states,
172     IV, XI   |            reasons the middle form of government has rarely, if ever, existed,
173     IV, XI   |              then is the best form of government, and what makes it the best,
174     IV, XI   |       conditions," since a particular government may be preferable, but another
175     IV, XII  |        consider what and what kind of government is suitable to what and
176     IV, XII  |               the middle class in his government; if he makes his laws oligarchical,
177     IV, XII  |             state. There only can the government ever be stable where the
178     IV, XII  |            they look for some form of government more suitable to both, they
179     IV, XIII |          hands of one party only. The government should be confined to those
180     IV, XIII |             fight. In some states the government is vested, not only in those
181     IV, XIII |             service. And the earliest government which existed among the
182     IV, XIII |               more had a share in the government; and this is the reason
183     IV, XIII |            there are various forms of government, and why there are more
184     IV, XIII |              what is the best form of government, speaking generally and
185     IV, XIII |             whom the various forms of government are best suited; all this
186     IV, XIV  |            which all may share in the government; they may deliberate, not
187     IV, XIV  |           qualification shares in the government, then, just because of this
188     IV, XIV  |             they observe the law, the government is a pure oligarchy. Or,
189     IV, XIV  |              the laws are supreme—the government is of necessity oligarchical.
190     IV, XIV  |             elected by vote—there the government is an aristocracy. And if
191     IV, XIV  |   characteristic of an aristocratical government, and party of a pure constitutional
192     IV, XIV  |              of a pure constitutional government.~These are the various forms
193     IV, XIV  |               to the various forms of government. And the government of each
194     IV, XIV  |          forms of government. And the government of each state is administered
195     IV, XIV  |            accept the measures of the government, or not to pass anything
196     IV, XV   |          suited to different forms of government. But what are to be included
197     IV, XV   |          peculiar to certain forms of government: for example that of probuli,
198     IV, XV   |      correspond to different forms of government: which are proper to which,
199     IV, XVI  |             XVI~Of the three parts of government, the judicial remains to
200      V, I    |             that in the many forms of government which have sprung up there
201      V, I    |        inequality. All these forms of government have a kind of justice,
202      V, I    |           whenever their share in the government does not accord with their
203      V, I    |              them into constitutional government or aristocracy, and conversely;
204      V, I    |        without disturbing the form of government, whether oligarchy, or monarchy,
205      V, I    | characteristics of the other forms of government may be more or less strictly
206      V, I    |            are two principal forms of government, democracy and oligarchy;
207      V, I    |               fact that such forms of government never last. They are originally
208      V, I    |             may further remark that a government which is composed of the
209      V, I    |             of the imperfect forms of government.~
210      V, III  |            state and the power of the government; this is a condition of
211      V, III  |               War, the constitutional government in consequence becoming
212      V, III  |      democracies as in other forms of government, but not to so great an
213      V, III  |      properties increase, the form of government changes into an oligarchy
214      V, III  |        changes into an oligarchy or a government of families. Forms of government
215      V, III  |      government of families. Forms of government also change—sometimes even
216      V, III  |       constitutional and democratical government.~Again, the revolution may
217      V, IV   |            young men, who were in the government. The story is that while
218      V, IV   |              cause of a change in the government of Epidamnus. A certain
219      V, IV   |              or into a constitutional government because the magistrates,
220      V, IV   |               to tighten the reins of government. On the other hand, the
221      V, IV   |            changed the constitutional government into democracy. At Chalcis,
222      V, IV   |           tyrant, and then seized the government. At Ambracia, the people,
223      V, IV   |            Periander, transferred the government to themselves. And generally
224      V, IV   |    revolutions to which every form of government is liable.~Revolutions are
225      V, IV   |            acquiescing in a change of government, and afterwards they are
226      V, IV   |              endeavored to retain the government. (2) In other cases the
227      V, VI   |       subdivided. Sometimes, when the government is very exclusive, the revolution
228      V, VI   |               who had no share in the government created a disturbance, until
229      V, VI   |            more like a constitutional government, but at Istros ended in
230      V, VI   |              only a few shared in the government; there existed among them
231      V, VI   |       composed of persons outside the government, the oligarchs flatter the
232      V, VI   |             the people a share in the government because their services are
233      V, VI   |              Simos the Aleuad had the government, and at Abydos in the days
234      V, VI   |                or in a constitutional government the middle class. But after
235      V, VI   |            into the opposite forms of government, but only into another variety
236      V, VII  |             like an oligarchy, is the government of a few, although few not
237      V, VII  |            strength, a constitutional government becoming a democracy, an
238      V, VII  |              only stable principle of government is equality according to
239      V, VII  |              contrary to law; for the government tended to oligarchy, and
240      V, VII  |              so with greater ease the government change something else which
241      V, VII  |            latter, when there is some government close at hand having an
242      V, VIII |            stability in such forms of government, but because the rulers
243      V, VIII |             who are excluded from the government, but introducing into it
244      V, VIII |            the fear of them makes the government keep in hand the constitution.
245      V, VIII |             not done a constitutional government passes into an oligarchy,
246      V, VIII |          opposite case constitutional government becomes democracy, and oligarchy
247      V, VIII |       oligarchy either constitutional government or democracy.~It is a principle
248      V, VIII |               and every other form of government not to allow the disproportionate
249      V, VIII |               not in harmony with the government, whether oligarchy or democracy
250      V, VIII |              at being kept out of the government—indeed they are rather pleased
251      V, VIII |            who have less share in the government (i.e., to the rich in a
252      V, IX   |           kind proper to each form of government; for, if what is just is
253      V, IX   |              of in perverted forms of government; for many practices which
254      V, IX   |              may yet be a good enough government, but if any one attempts
255      V, IX   |            will begin by spoiling the government and end by having none at
256      V, IX   |              education to the form of government, and yet in our own day
257      V, IX   |      characteristic of democracy, the government of the majority and freedom.
258      V, X    |               forms of constitutional government applies almost equally to
259      V, X    |               up of two evil forms of government, and having the perversions
260      V, X    |               forms of constitutional government; subjects attack their sovereigns
261      V, X    |   conspiracies against other forms of government. Monarchs have great wealth
262      V, X    |              in more popular forms of government. Thus Artapanes conspired
263      V, X    |             and more powerful form of government. That such a government
264      V, X    |               government. That such a government will have the will to attack
265      V, X    |        existence; where such forms of government arise, they are rather monarchies
266      V, XI   |              tyrants administer their government. Of such arts Periander
267      V, XI   |               administration of their government. There are firstly the prescriptions
268      V, XI   |           citizens if they had a free government. The honor he should distribute
269      V, XI   |               he should attach to his government; for, having this advantage,
270      V, XII  |                   XII~Yet no forms of government are so short-lived as oligarchy
271      V, XII  |            have an equal share in the government with themselves. Moreover,
272      V, XII  |           than into any other form of government. Again, if men are deprived
273      V, XII  |      revolutions, and change forms of government, even although they have
274     VI, I    |         adapted to different forms of government. We have also spoken of
275     VI, I    |      democracy and all other forms of government there are many kinds; and
276     VI, I    |              deliberative part of the government and the election of officers
277     VI, I    |            each of the other forms of government is suited. Further, we must
278     VI, I    |              these and other forms of government are to be established.~First
279     VI, I    |            light the opposite form of government commonly called oligarchy.
280     VI, I    |               varieties of democratic government arise. There are several
281     VI, II   |             have no more share in the government than the rich, and should
282     VI, IV   |          pleasanter than the cares of government or office where no great
283     VI, IV   |          contented. Even this form of government may be regarded as a democracy,
284     VI, IV   |       appointed. Under such a form of government the citizens are sure to
285     VI, IV   |           democracy or constitutional government; for the people are compelled
286     VI, IV   |        destroy this or other kinds of government have been pretty fully considered.
287     VI, IV   |               the founders of popular government at Cyrene, are useful in
288     VI, IV   |              live as he likes. Such a government will have many supporters,
289     VI, V    |            there are no revenues, the government should hold few assemblies,
290     VI, VI   |              akin to a constitutional government. In this there ought to
291     VI, VI   |              so do the worst forms of government require the greatest care.
292     VI, VII  |             also yield a share in the government to the people, either, as
293     VI, VII  |           desire an alteration in the government, and the notables will have
294    VII, II   |              evident that the form of government is best in which every man,
295    VII, II   |              that the art of despotic government is statesmanship, and what
296    VII, II   |             at which the best form of government should aim may be properly
297    VII, IV   |              discussed other forms of government; in what remains the first
298    VII, IV   |            have a reputation for good government have a limit of population.
299    VII, IV   |           incapable of constitutional government. For who can be the general
300    VII, VI   |               and is inimical to good government. Apart from these considerations,
301    VII, VIII |              states and many forms of government; for different men seek
302    VII, VIII |            modes of life and forms of government. We must see also how many
303    VII, IX   |          speaking of the best form of government, i.e., that under which
304    VII, X    |               and have a share in the government, and that the husbandmen
305    VII, XI   |        suitable to different forms of government varies: thus an acropolis
306    VII, XIII |             discover the best form of government, that, namely, under which
307    VII, XIII |               who have a share in the government are virtuous, and in our
308    VII, XIII |             the citizens share in the government; let us then inquire how
309    VII, XIV  |               similar persons, and no government can stand which is not founded
310    VII, XIV  |              upon justice. For if the government be unjust every one in the
311    VII, XIV  |               that the members of the government can be so numerous as to
312    VII, XIV  |             respectively share in the government, the legislator has to consider.
313    VII, XIV  |           despotic, the latter a free government. Some commands differ not
314    VII, XIV  |         further err about the sort of government which the legislator should
315    VII, XIV  |               should approve, for the government of freemen is nobler and
316    VII, XIV  |             more virtue than despotic government. Neither is a city to be
317   VIII, I    |            molded to suit the form of government under which he lives. For
318   VIII, I    |              which he lives. For each government has a peculiar character
319   VIII, I    |             character, the better the government.~Again, for the exercise