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| Alphabetical [« »] starting 3 starting-point 1 starts 1 state 400 stated 2 statement 2 states 137 | Frequency [« »] 467 he 447 them 447 this 400 state 394 at 392 from 392 will | Aristotle Politics IntraText - Concordances state |
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1 I, I | I~EVERY STATE is a community of some kind, 2 I, I | communities aim at some good, the state or political community, 3 I, I | great household and a small state. The distinction which is 4 I, I | the elements of which the state is composed, in order that 5 I, II | growth and origin, whether a state or anything else, will obtain 6 I, II | quite self-sufficing, the state comes into existence, originating 7 I, II | society are natural, so is the state, for it is the end of them, 8 I, II | Hence it is evident that the state is a creation of nature, 9 I, II | mere accident is without a state, is either a bad man or 10 I, II | sense makes a family and a state.~Further, the state is by 11 I, II | and a state.~Further, the state is by nature clearly prior 12 I, II | name. The proof that the state is a creation of nature 13 I, II | god: he is no part of a state. A social instinct is implanted 14 I, II | he who first founded the state was the greatest of benefactors. 15 I, III | III~Seeing then that the state is made up of households, 16 I, III | before speaking of the state we must speak of the management 17 I, V | who is in the most perfect state both of body and soul, for 18 I, VIII | community of the family or state, as can be stored. They 19 I, VIII | used in a household or in a state. And so we see that there 20 I, X | house and the ruler of the state have to consider about health, 21 I, XI | know these things; for a state is often as much in want 22 I, XII | idea of a constitutional state implies that the natures 23 I, XIII | every family is a part of a state, and these relationships 24 I, XIII | difference in the virtues of the state. And they must make a difference: 25 I, XIII | half the free persons in a state are women.~Of these matters, 26 I, XIII | various theories of a perfect state.~ ~ 27 II, I | conceivable: The members of a state must either have (1) all 28 II, I | But should a well ordered state have all things, as far 29 II, II | which he ascribes to the state, the scheme, taken literally 30 II, II | greater the unity of the state the better." Is it not obvious 31 II, II | Is it not obvious that a state may at length attain such 32 II, II | unity as to be no longer a state? since the nature of a state 33 II, II | state? since the nature of a state is to be a plurality, and 34 II, II | greater unity, from being a state, it becomes a family, and 35 II, II | said to be more than the state, and the individual than 36 II, II | be the destruction of the state. Again, a state is not made 37 II, II | destruction of the state. Again, a state is not made up only of so 38 II, II | similars do not constitute a state. It is not like a military 39 II, II | less (in like manner, a state differs from a nation, when 40 II, II | extreme unification of the state is clearly not good; for 41 II, III | sign of perfect unity in a state. For the word "all" is ambiguous. 42 II, IV | lauds as the unity of the state which he and all the world 43 II, IV | certainly perish. Whereas in a state having women and children 44 II, IV | one-neither can exist in such a state as this.~Again, the transfer 45 II, V | citizens of the perfect state have their possessions in 46 II, V | excessive unification of the state. The exhibition of two virtues, 47 II, V | visibly annihilated in such a state: first, temperance towards 48 II, V | of the family and of the state, but in some respects only. 49 II, V | there is a point at which a state may attain such a degree 50 II, V | unity as to be no longer a state, or at which, without actually 51 II, V | will become an inferior state, like harmony passing into 52 II, V | reduced to a single foot. The state, as I was saying, is a plurality 53 II, V | he thinks will make the state virtuous, should expect 54 II, V | legislator could not form a state at all without distributing 55 II, V | the general form of the state. The citizens who are not 56 II, V | ought to make the whole state happy. But the whole cannot 57 II, VI | the constitution of the state. The population is divided 58 II, VI | counselors and rulers of the state. But Socrates has not determined 59 II, VI | him, firstly because the state for which he legislates 60 II, VI | an isolated life. For a state must have such a military 61 II, VI | nearest to his first or ideal state; for many would prefer the 62 II, VII | affirm that the citizens of a state ought to have equal possessions. 63 II, VII | difficulty, not so easily when a state was already established; 64 II, VII | themselves and not to be in a state of desire—they wish to cure 65 II, VII | internal welfare of the state. But the legislator should 66 II, VII | the internal wants of the state, but also to meet dangers 67 II, VII | without. The property of the state should not be so large that 68 II, VII | nor yet so small that the state is unable to maintain a 69 II, VIII | of armed defenders of the state. He also divided the land 70 II, VIII | anything for the good of the state should be honored; and he 71 II, VIII | which has no place in the state and no share in anything. 72 II, VIII | anything which is useful to the state is a proposal which has 73 II, VIII | be changed, and in every state? And are they to be changed 74 II, IX | compared with the perfect state; secondly, whether it is 75 II, IX | That in a well-ordered state the citizens should have 76 II, IX | results the citizens of a state have not found out the secret 77 II, IX | to the happiness of the state. For, a husband and wife 78 II, IX | part of every family, the state may be considered as about 79 II, IX | wanted to make the whole state hardy and temperate, and 80 II, IX | consequence is that in such a state wealth is too highly valued, 81 II, IX | from all the burdens of the state. Yet it is obvious that, 82 II, IX | did their best to ruin the state. And so great and tyrannical 83 II, IX | certainly does keep the state together; for the people 84 II, IX | permanent, all the parts of the state must wish that it should 85 II, IX | there is an advantage to the state in having them. But that 86 II, IX | to be conservative of the state.~Neither did the first introducer 87 II, IX | more: the revenues of the state are ill-managed; there is 88 II, X | and to the service of the state, and another to the common 89 II, X | than to a constitutional state. For the Cosmi are often 90 II, X | characteristics of a constitutional state, is really a close oligarchy.~ 91 II, X | temporary destruction of the state and dissolution of society? 92 II, XI | differs from that of any other state in several respects, though 93 II, XI | deviations from the perfect state, for which the Carthaginian 94 II, XI | than virtue, and the whole state becomes avaricious. For, 95 II, XI | whenever the chiefs of the state deem anything honorable, 96 II, XI | shoemaker. Hence, where the state is large, it is more in 97 II, XI | principles that the offices of state should be distributed among 98 II, XI | they give stability to the state. Accident favors them, but 99 II, XII | different elements of the state. According to their view, 100 II, XII | they would have been in a state of slavery and enmity to 101 III, I | all determine "What is a state?" At present this is a disputed 102 III, I | question. Some say that the state has done a certain act; 103 III, I | act; others, no, not the state, but the oligarchy or the 104 III, I | concerned entirely with the state; a constitution or government 105 III, I | of the inhabitants of a state. But a state is composite, 106 III, I | inhabitants of a state. But a state is composite, like any other 107 III, I | have been relieved from state duties. Of these we do not 108 III, I | judicial administration of any state is said by us to be a citizens 109 III, I | to be a citizens of that state; and, speaking generally, 110 III, I | and, speaking generally, a state is a body of citizens sufficing 111 III, II | inhabitants or founders of a state.~There is a greater difficulty 112 III, II | still be a furthering the state, whether a certain act is 113 III, II | or is not an act of the state; for what ought not to be 114 III, III | is raised respecting the state, whether a certain act is 115 III, III | or is not an act of the state; for example, in the transition 116 III, III | the tyrant, and not the state, contracted them; they argue 117 III, III | more nor less acts of the state in question than those of 118 III, III | shall we ever say that the state is the same, or different? 119 III, III | only remark that the word "state" is ambiguous.~It is further 120 III, III | consider the size of the state, and whether it should consist 121 III, III | are the same, but that the state changes? For, since the 122 III, III | changes? For, since the state is a partnership, and is 123 III, III | may be supposed that the state is no longer the same, just 124 III, III | that the sameness of the state consists chiefly in the 125 III, III | another question, whether a state ought or ought not to fulfill 126 III, IV | best constitution. If the state cannot be entirely composed 127 III, IV | and thus only, can the state be perfect; but they will 128 III, IV | assume that in the good state all the citizens must be 129 III, IV | must be good.~Again, the state, as composed of unlikes, 130 III, IV | dissimilar elements, the state is composed; and, therefore, 131 III, IV | arts for me, but what the state requires.~ ~As though there 132 III, V | citizens, in which part of the state are they to be placed? For 133 III, V | to the existence of the state; for example, children are 134 III, V | so now. The best form of state will not admit them to citizenship; 135 III, V | shares in the honors of the state. Compare Homer’s words, " 136 III, V | excluded from the honors of the state is no better than an alien. 137 III, VI | arrangement of magistracies in a state, especially of the highest 138 III, VI | everywhere sovereign in the state, and the constitution is 139 III, VI | what is the purpose of a state, and how many forms of government 140 III, VI | so in politics: when the state is framed upon the principle 141 III, VI | are despotic, whereas a state is a community of freemen.~ 142 III, VII | perversions. For the members of a state, if they are truly citizens, 143 III, VII | the best interests of the state and of the citizens. But 144 III, VII | at large administer the state for the common interest, 145 III, VIII | therefore be necessary to state a little more at length 146 III, VIII | respectively claim power in the state.~ 147 III, IX | only, their share in the state would be proportioned to 148 III, IX | remaining ninety-nine. But a state exists for the sake of a 149 III, IX | brute animals might form a state, but they cannot, for they 150 III, IX | free choice. Nor does a state exist for the sake of alliance 151 III, IX | would be the citizens of one state. True, they have agreements 152 III, IX | magistracies. Nor does one state take care that the citizens 153 III, IX | virtue must be the care of a state which is truly so called, 154 III, IX | neither would this be a state. Let us suppose that one 155 III, IX | that would not constitute a state. Why is this? Surely not 156 III, IX | which was in a manner his state, and that they made alliance 157 III, IX | would not deem this to be a state, if their intercourse with 158 III, IX | It is clear then that a state is not a mere society, having 159 III, IX | conditions without which a state cannot exist; but all of 160 III, IX | together do not constitute a state, which is a community of 161 III, IX | friendship. The end of the state is the good life, and these 162 III, IX | means towards it. And the state is the union of families 163 III, X | the supreme power in the state: Is it the multitude? Or 164 III, X | that they will ruin the state? Yet surely, virtue is not 165 III, X | justice destructive of a state; and therefore this law 166 III, X | dishonored. For the offices of a state are posts of honor; and 167 III, XI | share the great offices of state, for their folly will lead 168 III, XI | letting them share, for a state in which many poor men are 169 III, XI | class they are useful to the state (just as impure food when 170 III, XI | for the great officers of state, such as treasurers and 171 III, XII | will say that offices of state ought to be unequally distributed 172 III, XII | into the composition of a state. And therefore the noble, 173 III, XII | freemen and taxpayers: a state can be no more composed 174 III, XII | without the former qualities a state cannot exist at all, without 175 III, XIII | If the existence of the state is alone to be considered, 176 III, XIII | the common element of the state; also they are generally 177 III, XIII | other classes who make up a state, are all living together 178 III, XIII | enough to administer the state, or so many as will make 179 III, XIII | so many as will make up a state? Objections may be urged 180 III, XIII | to the advantage of the state, and the common good of 181 III, XIII | government, but in the best state he is one who is able and 182 III, XIII | the full complement of a state, whose virtue is so pre-eminent 183 III, XIII | longer regarded as part of a state; for justice will not be 184 III, XIII | the principal men in the state; and this is a policy not 185 III, XIII | for the interest of the state. Hence where there is an 186 III, XIII | from the first so order his state as to have no need of such 187 III, XIII | absolutely just. In the perfect state there would be great doubts 188 III, XIII | should be kings in their state for life.~ 189 III, XIV | order to be well governed a state or country should be under 190 III, XIV | just as each nation or each state has the disposal of public 191 III, XV | is it advantageous to the state that there should be a perpetual 192 III, XV | to the wise man. But the state is made up of many individuals. 193 III, XVI | the administration of a state. A magistracy of this kind 194 III, XVI | share, in the offices of state, is as bad as for different 195 III, XVIII| the citizen of the perfect state. Clearly then in the same 196 III, XVIII| truly good, he will frame a state that is to be ruled by an 197 III, XVIII| to speak of the perfect state, and describe how it comes 198 IV, I | able further to say how a state may be constituted under 199 IV, I | preserved; the supposed state being so far from having 200 IV, I | organization of offices in a state, and determines what is 201 IV, I | magistrates should administer the state, and proceed against offenders. 202 IV, II | inquiry into the perfect state is the same thing with the 203 IV, II | degree after the perfect state; and besides this what other 204 IV, III | government is that every state contains many elements. 205 IV, III | enumerated the essentials of a state. Of these elements, sometimes 206 IV, III | differences of the parts of the state.~There are generally thought 207 IV, IV | admitted, which is that every state consists, not of one, but 208 IV, IV | every invader. For how can a state which has any title to the 209 IV, IV | of a slavish nature? The state is independent and self-sufficing, 210 IV, IV | Republic. Socrates says that a state is made up of four sorts 211 IV, IV | complement of the first state, as if a state were established 212 IV, IV | the first state, as if a state were established merely 213 IV, IV | does not admit into the state a military class until the 214 IV, IV | whom he associates in the state, there must be some one 215 IV, IV | are more essential to the state than the parts which minister 216 IV, IV | considered parts of the state, and if so, the military 217 IV, IV | wealthy who minister to the state with their property; these 218 IV, IV | and of officers; for the state cannot exist without rulers. 219 IV, IV | office and to serve the state, either always or in turn. 220 IV, IV | especial sense as parts of a state. Again, because the rich 221 IV, IV | their decrees. This is a state of affairs brought about 222 IV, VI | in the laws, because the state has no means of paying the 223 IV, VI | in the courts, and so the state is governed by the poor, 224 IV, VI | nor so little as to need state support, they must admit 225 IV, VI | the men of property in the state are fewer than in the former 226 IV, VII | in their books about the state, they recognize four only. 227 IV, VII | standard. In the perfect state the good man is absolutely 228 IV, VII | to the first and perfect state, and there is a third form, 229 IV, VIII | impossible thing that the state which is governed not by 230 IV, VIII | equally impossible that the state which is ill-governed should 231 IV, IX | aristocratical or constitutional state, one element will be taken 232 IV, IX | democracy when the same state may be termed either a democracy 233 IV, IX | two greatest offices of state, and in the other they share; 234 IV, IX | willingness of all classes in the state to maintain the constitution.~ 235 IV, XI | circumstances, nor yet an ideal state which is an aspiration only, 236 IV, XI | which are injuries to the state. Again, those who have too 237 IV, XI | we say the fabric of the state naturally consists. And 238 IV, XI | which is most secure in a state, for they do not, like the 239 IV, XI | is the good fortune of a state in which the citizens have 240 IV, XI | troubles arise, and the state soon comes to an end. A 241 IV, XII | that the portion of the state which desires the permanence 242 IV, XII | classes which make up the state, and quantity in the other. 243 IV, XII | attach this class to the state. There only can the government 244 IV, XIV | smallest divisions of the state, until every one has obtained 245 IV, XIV | the deliberations of the state, then, although, as in the 246 IV, XIV | And the government of each state is administered according 247 IV, XIV | the deliberations of the state, but will not be able to 248 IV, XV | necessary to the existence of a state, and which, if not necessary, 249 IV, XV | magistrates are necessary in every state, and also how many are not 250 IV, XV | these are few in number, the state inclines to an oligarchy: 251 IV, XV | institutions exist in a state, the probuli are a check 252 IV, XVI | ordinary offenses against the state; a third is concerned with 253 V, I | generally, or in a particular state, and by what means each 254 V, I | and by what means each state may be best preserved: these 255 V, I | everywhere abound. That a state should be ordered, simply 256 V, II | be superior. Such is the state of mind which creates revolutions. 257 V, II | increase in some part of the state; causes of another sort 258 V, III | which is too much for the state and the power of the government; 259 V, III | who have no share in the state are the majority, they revolt, 260 V, III | disorder and anarchy of the state; at Thebes, for example, 261 V, III | increase in any part of the state. For as a body is made up 262 V, III | another animal: even so a state has many parts, of which 263 V, III | acquire a common spirit; for a state is not the growth of a day, 264 V, III | preserve the unity of the state. For example, the Chytians 265 V, IV | classes to overthrow the state.~Governments also change 266 V, IV | some other section of the state, increase in power or renown. 267 V, IV | have secured power to the state, whether private citizens, 268 V, IV | other part or section of the state, are apt to cause revolutions. 269 V, V | less complete cure for this state of things is for the separate 270 V, VI | endeavored to revolutionize the state. Sometimes a party among 271 V, VI | over the defense of the state to the army and to an arbiter 272 V, VII | share in the honors of the state; a cause which has been 273 V, VII | excluded from the honors of the state, like Cinadon, who conspired 274 V, VII | and others very rich, a state of society which is most 275 V, VII | the whole fabric of the state. At Thurii there was a law 276 V, VII | attempted to oppose; and the state passed into the hands of 277 V, VIII | unperceived and at last ruins the state, just as the constant recurrence 278 V, VIII | the principal men of the state, who in democracies are 279 V, VIII | prosperity in any part of the state should be carefully watched. 280 V, VIII | of affairs and offices of state to opposite elements; such 281 V, VIII | inequality.~But above all every state should be so administered 282 V, VIII | the principal offices of state. The latter should be entrusted 283 V, IX | disproportion destroys a state. A nose which varies from 284 V, IX | property is introduced, the state must of necessity take another 285 V, IX | or other element in the state is ruined, the constitution 286 V, IX | by every citizen of the state, will be of no avail unless 287 V, IX | the true interests of the state. For two principles are 288 V, X | as one of the officers of state. Thus Pheidon at Argos and 289 V, X | Codrus, have prevented the state from being enslaved in war; 290 V, X | attempted to kill officers of state and royal princes by whom 291 V, X | attempt to administer the state too much after the fashion 292 V, XI | public services only for state purposes, and that he may 293 V, XI | but the guardian of the state. Also he should appear to 294 V, XII | affects the first, or perfect state. He only says that the cause 295 V, XII | change peculiar to his ideal state, and not rather common to 296 V, XII | why should the perfect state change into the Spartan? 297 V, XII | absurd to suppose that the state changes into oligarchy merely 298 V, XII | deprived of the honors of state, and are wronged, and insulted, 299 VI, I | arrangements of law-courts and state offices, and which of them 300 VI, I | deliberative part of the state are oligarchical, and the 301 VI, I | in the composition of a state.~I have shown already what 302 VI, I | governments is the best for each state, but also briefly proceed 303 VI, II | The basis of a democratic state is liberty; which, according 304 VI, II | only be enjoyed in such a state; this they affirm to be 305 VI, II | be the principle of their state. Another is that a man should 306 VI, II | equality and freedom in their state.~ 307 VI, III | two classes out of which a state is composed—the poor and 308 VI, V | who wish to create such a state, for any state, however 309 VI, V | create such a state, for any state, however badly constituted, 310 VI, V | have the welfare of the state at heart should counteract 311 VI, V | should also be taken that state trials are as few as possible, 312 VI, V | services. By administering the state in this spirit the Carthaginians 313 VI, V | and the former, that the state may be better administered. 314 VI, VI | generally preserves them (for e state need not be much increased, 315 VI, VII | struggle. A remedy for this state of things may be found in 316 VI, VIII | have already spoken. No state can exist not having the 317 VI, VIII | necessary offices, and no state can be well administered 318 VI, VIII | maintain order. For in every state there must inevitably be 319 VI, VIII | the readiest way to make a state self-sufficing and so fulfill 320 VI, VIII | men come together into one state. A second office of a similar 321 VI, VIII | commanders. Again, if a state has cavalry or light-armed 322 VI, VIII | supreme authority in the state. In some places they are 323 VI, VIII | public deliberations of the state. There are likewise magistracies 324 VII, I | about the best form of a state ought first to determine 325 VII, I | uncertain the best form of the state must also be uncertain; 326 VII, I | is or is not best for the state and for individuals.~Assuming 327 VII, I | required to show that the best state of one thing in relation 328 VII, I | be admitted that the best state of either has a similar 329 VII, I | train of argument, the happy state may be shown to be that 330 VII, I | and neither individual nor state can do right actions without 331 VII, I | justice, and wisdom of a state have the same form and nature 332 VII, II | the same as that of the state, or different. Here again 333 VII, II | the happiness of the whole state, and those who value most 334 VII, II | citizen who is a member of a state, or that of an alien who 335 VII, II | the best condition of a state, either on the supposition 336 VII, II | only? Since the good of the state and not of the individual 337 VII, II | wise man, like the wise state, will necessarily regulate 338 VII, II | generally to be in a chaotic state, still, if they aim at anything, 339 VII, III | which the sections of a state act upon one another. The 340 VII, IV | of the ideal or perfect state; for the perfect state cannot 341 VII, IV | perfect state; for the perfect state cannot exist without a due 342 VII, IV | Most persons think that a state in order to be happy ought 343 VII, IV | a large and what a small state. For they judge of the size 344 VII, IV | only who are members of the state, and who form an essential 345 VII, IV | number and magnitude, and the state which combines magnitude 346 VII, IV | sailing. In like manner a state when composed of too few 347 VII, IV | of too few is not, as a state ought to be, self-sufficing; 348 VII, IV | nation may be, it is not a state, being almost incapable 349 VII, IV | the voice of a Stentor?~A state, then, only begins to exist 350 VII, IV | this number, be a greater state. But, as I was saying, there 351 VII, IV | But if the citizens of a state are to judge and to distribute 352 VII, IV | Besides, in an over-populous state foreigners and metics will 353 VII, IV | limit of the population of a state is the largest number which 354 VII, IV | concerning the size of a state.~ 355 VII, V | to the territory of the state: every one would agree in 356 VII, VI | beneficial to a well-ordered state or not is a question which 357 VII, VI | sake of revenue, and if a state ought not to desire profit 358 VII, VI | to the character of the state; for if her function is 359 VII, VI | enterprises. The population of the state need not be much increased, 360 VII, VI | respecting the territory of the state, its harbors, its towns, 361 VII, VII | therefore they are always in a state of subjection and slavery. 362 VII, VII | could be formed into one state, would be able to rule the 363 VII, VII | character of the citizens of our state, and also the size and nature 364 VII, VIII | organic parts of it, so in a state or in any other combination 365 VII, VIII | included in it, is no part of a state; for a state is not a community 366 VII, VIII | no part of a state; for a state is not a community of living 367 VII, VIII | indispensable to the existence of a state, for what we call the parts 368 VII, VIII | what we call the parts of a state will be found among the 369 VII, VIII | enumerate the functions of a state, and we shall easily elicit 370 VII, VIII | the services which every state may be said to need. For 371 VII, VIII | may be said to need. For a state is not a mere aggregate 372 VII, VIII | absolutely self-sufficing. A state then should be framed with 373 VII, IX | i.e., that under which the state will be most happy (and 374 VII, IX | clearly follows that in the state which is best governed and 375 VII, IX | duties.~Again, there is in a state a class of warriors, and 376 VII, IX | especial manner parts of a state. Now, should these two classes 377 VII, IX | citizens, and the citizens of a state should be in good circumstances; 378 VII, IX | virtue have no share in the state. This follows from our first 379 VII, IX | and what the parts of a state: husbandmen, craftsmen, 380 VII, IX | states, but the parts of the state are the warriors and councillors. 381 VII, X | political philosophers that the state ought to be divided into 382 VII, X | should be the property of the state and employed on the common 383 VII, XIII | what sort of elements the state which is to be happy and 384 VII, XIII | degree when men are in a good state, in a greater degree when 385 VII, XIII | when they are in a lower state. Others again, who possess 386 VII, XIII | find ready to his hand in a state, others he must provide. 387 VII, XIII | we can only say: May our state be constituted in such a 388 VII, XIII | virtue and goodness in the state are not a matter of chance 389 VII, XIII | are virtuous, and in our state all the citizens share in 390 VII, XIV | obtain the power in his own state—the crime which the Lacedaemonians 391 VII, XV | difficulty in seeing why the state that would be happy and 392 VII, XVI | established customs of the state forbid this (for in our 393 VII, XVI | forbid this (for in our state population has a limit), 394 VII, XVI | and bear offspring for the state; men who are too old, like 395 VII, XVII | should be the concern of the state or of private individuals, 396 VIII, I | for they all belong to the state, and are each of them a 397 VIII, I | each of them a part of the state, and the care of each part 398 VIII, I | education the business of the state.~ 399 VIII, II | and should be an affair of state is not to be denied, but 400 VIII, VII | perverted from the natural state, so there are perverted