Book, Paragraph

 501     VI, II   |             justice, that all should count equally; for equality implies
 502     IV, XIII |             in democracies they have counter devices. They pay the poor
 503     VI, V    |            the state at heart should counteract them, and make a law that
 504     II, X    |             but in Crete this is not counterbalanced by a corresponding political
 505     IV, X    |             typical form, and is the counterpart of the perfect monarchy.
 506     IV, XV   |             several varieties may be coupled, I mean that (C) some officers
 507    VII, XVI  |              to be exposed, but when couples have children in excess,
 508     IV, XV   |               C, 3) out of the three couplings, number twelve. Of these
 509      V, XI   |            from them and lavished on courtesans and strangers and artists.
 510     VI, VII  |         modern oligarchs, who are as covetous of gain as they are of honor;
 511    III, IV   |             a man would be thought a coward if he had no more courage
 512      I, XIII |          failing in his duty through cowardice or lack of self-control.
 513      I, XIII |              If he be licentious and cowardly, he will certainly not do
 514    VII, XI   |            the inmates should become cowards. Nor must we forget that
 515     II, III  |       animals—for example, mares and cows—have a strong tendency to
 516    III, IV   |       citizen ought not to learn the crafts of inferiors except for
 517    VII, IX   |              of a state: husbandmen, craftsmen, and laborers of an kinds
 518      I, V    |              ourselves to the living creature, which, in the first place,
 519      V, VIII |       country. And since innovations creep in through the private life
 520      V, VIII |           matters; for transgression creeps in unperceived and at last
 521     IV, IV   |              Tarentum and Byzantium, crews of triremes at Athens, merchant
 522     IV, XI   |          grow into violent and great criminals, the others into rogues
 523   VIII, VI   |            way as to become not only critics but performers.~The question
 524      V, XII  |           report may be believed, he crowned the judge who decided against
 525    VII, VII  |          them one. Hence the saying:~Cruel is the strife of brethren,~ ~
 526    VII, XVII |            attempt to check the loud crying and screaming of children,
 527      V, III  |           nature if the foot be four cubits long and the rest of the
 528      I, VIII |            compelled to follow them, cultivating a sort of living farm. Others
 529     II, VIII |              absurd; for example, at Cumae there is a law about murder,
 530    VII, II   |          allowed to drink out of the cup which was handed round at
 531      I, II   |         Charondas "companions of the cupboard," and by Epimenides the
 532    III, XVI  |       motives of friendship; he only cures a patient and takes a fee;
 533      V, V    |              demagogues, in order to curry favor with the people, wrong
 534      V, III  |             expelled them; hence the curse fell upon Sybaris. At Thurii
 535    VII, XVII |              made these remarks in a cursory manner—they are enough for
 536     II, XII  |               Ephialtes and Pericles curtailed the power of the Areopagus;
 537      V, V    |       happened with the democracy of Cyme, which was overthrown by
 538      V, X    |       enjoyed his youth. Evagoras of Cyprus, again, was slain by the
 539      V, XII  |           Orthagoras was that of the Cypselidae at Corinth, which lasted
 540     IV, XVI  |         there may be a fourth court (d) in which murderers who
 541      I, IV   |          others, like the statues of Daedalus, or the tripods of Hephaestus,
 542   VIII, V    |              music—to which some add dancing. Or shall we argue that
 543      V, V    |         tyranny because he denounced Daphnaeus and the rich; his enmity
 544      V, X    |          would be accused of hanging Darius against his orders-he having
 545      V, IV   |            certain man betrothed his daughter to a person whose father,
 546      V, XI   |       tyrants, who not only begin at dawn and pass whole days in sensuality,
 547     IV, IV   |       already mentioned may be added day-laborers, and those who, owing to
 548    VII, I    |               who will sacrifice his dearest friend for the sake of half-a-farthing,
 549    III, V    |              relaxed when there is a dearth of population. But when
 550      V, XII  |              through dissipation and debt, as though he thought that
 551     VI, VIII |            on the register of public debtors. Some sentences should be
 552     IV, XVI  |           private persons; the fifth decides the more important civil
 553     IV, IV   |           opinion of the majority is decisive, such a government must
 554      V, IX   |           there should be an express declaration—"I will do no wrong to the
 555     VI, VII  |     entertainments, and see the city decorated with votive offerings and
 556      V, V    |          returned, and, engaging and defeating the people, established
 557     VI, VIII |          peace their duty will be to defend the walls and gates, and
 558    III, XI   |            democracies may be really defensible. For the power does not
 559    III, III  |           however, with advantage be deferred to another occasion; the
 560    VII, XI   |              town, or, if there is a deficiency of them, great reservoirs
 561    III, I    |       citizen whom we are seeking to define is a citizen in the strictest
 562     II, VI   |           the Republic, Socrates has definitely settled in all a few questions
 563     II, XI   |           have mentioned. But of the deflections from aristocracy and constitutional
 564   VIII, II   |            arts vulgar which tend to deform the body, and likewise all
 565    VII, XVI  |           let there be a law that no deformed child shall live, but that
 566    VII, X    |           and the other part used to defray the cost of the common meals;
 567     IV, XIV  |           pain of a fine, whereas in deinocracies the poor are paid to attend.
 568     IV, XIV  |          which these have previously deliberated; for so the people will
 569     IV, XIV  |             is (1) one element which deliberates about public affairs; secondly (
 570   VIII, VII  |            their souls lightened and delighted. The purgative melodies
 571   VIII, V    |              for example, if any one delights in the sight of a statue
 572      V, X    |        enraged because Archelaus had delivered him to Euripides to be scourged;
 573      V, IV   |              the wealthy classes.~At Delphi, again, a quarrel about
 574      I, II   |           the smith who fashions the Delphian knife for many uses; she
 575   VIII, II   |         affair of state is not to be denied, but what should be the
 576    VII, II   |         there can be no doubt—no one denies that they are the same.
 577    III, XIII |            crew. Wherefore those who denounce tyranny and blame the counsel
 578      V, V    |            of the tyranny because he denounced Daphnaeus and the rich;
 579      I, II   |         hearthless one,~ ~whom Homer denounces—the natural outcast is forthwith
 580     II, V    |    especially when some one is heard denouncing the evils now existing in
 581    VII, VI   |              and wherever there is a dense population of Perioeci and
 582     II, XII  |             the first who instituted denunciation for perjury. His laws are
 583     II, VIII |             other art and craft have departed from traditional usage.
 584    VII, III  |          what he has already lost in departing from virtue. For equals
 585     VI, VIII |            these are included in the department of war. Thus much of military
 586      V, IX   |             or democracy, although a departure from the most perfect form,
 587     IV, XIII |      superiority in war at that time depended on cavalry; indeed, without
 588    VII, VI   |            off; and they are kept in dependence by walls and similar fortifications.
 589      I, XI   |              a little money, he gave deposits for the use of all the olive-presses
 590      V, X    |            the people, and therefore deprive them of their arms. Both
 591     II, V    |           and husbandmen." Again, he deprives the guardians even of happiness,
 592      V, X    |           and Amyntas the little, by Derdas, because he boasted of having
 593    III, XIV  |         power was inherited by their descendants. They took the command in
 594     II, IX   |         privilege of giving her away descends to his heir. Hence, although
 595   VIII, III  |             speaks of others whom he describes as inviting~The bard who
 596     IV, IV   |             of the kind which we are describing. The demagogues make the
 597    III, XVII |        well-to-do according to their desert. But when a whole family
 598    VII, XVII |      degraded as his slavish conduct deserves. And since we do not allow
 599     VI, V    |             of Tarentum is also well deserving of imitation, for, by sharing
 600      V, I    |                                I~THE DESIGN which we proposed to ourselves
 601     II, VII  |             on Autophradates, and he desisted from the siege.~The equalization
 602      V, III  |             in democracies, the rich despise the disorder and anarchy
 603      V, X    |          hereditary power and become despots. Others again grew out of
 604      V, VIII |             are preserved when their destroyers are at a distance, and sometimes
 605      V, IX   |          consider that disproportion destroys a state. A nose which varies
 606      V, XI   |              spies, like the "female detectives" at Syracuse, and the eavesdroppers
 607      I, II   |             of justice, which is the determination of what is just, is the
 608      I, VI   |       unconstitutional measure: they detest the notion that, because
 609   VIII, VI   |              to the use of the voice detracts from its educational value.
 610    VII, IX   |            is necessary both for the development of virtue and the performance
 611     VI, IV   |         other or inferior sorts will deviate in a regular order, and
 612     II, XI   |            Carthaginian constitution deviates from aristocracy and inclines
 613     II, XI   |            acknowledge that, in thus deviating from aristocracy, the legislator
 614      V, VII  |             overthrown owing to some deviation from justice in the constitution
 615     II, XI   |               Most of the defects or deviations from the perfect state,
 616     II, XII  |         actually exist, or have been devised by theorists.~ ~ ~
 617   VIII, IV   |            which follows may then be devoted to hard exercise and strict
 618      V, IV   |      Timophanes, left two daughters; Dexander, another citizen, wanted
 619      V, VI   |           occurred at Eretria, where Diagoras overturned the oligarchy
 620    III, XI   |         senators, or ecclesiasts, or dicasts, are only parts or members.
 621     IV, X    |         Hellas, called Aesymnetes or Dictators. These monarchies, when
 622    III, XIV  |              called an Aesymnetia or dictatorship. This may be defined generally
 623      I, V    |        freemen. And doubtless if men differed from one another in the
 624     IV, IV   |         instruments of receiving and digesting food, such as the mouth
 625      V, XI   |        should appear, not harsh, but dignified, and when men meet him they
 626    VII, XVI  |              the point from which we digressed, the legislator must mold
 627     II, VI   |           the work is filled up with digressions foreign to the main subject,
 628     IV, VI   |             intensified by a further diminution of their numbers and increase
 629    III, XI   |          contribute is better than a dinner provided out of a single
 630     VI, VIII |     superintendents of gymnastic and Dionysiac contests, and of other similar
 631     II, VII  |             Athens on the plan which Diophantus once introduced.~From these
 632    VII, III  |              of external actions the directing mind is most truly said
 633     VI, VIII |           offices according to whose directions the highest magistrates
 634      V, VI   |              among the oligarchs try directly to create a political change;
 635    III, XIII |             same kind, which acts by disabling and banishing the most prominent
 636     II, V    |           These are only some of the disadvantages which attend the community
 637    III, X    |        alternatives seems to involve disagreeable consequences. If the poor,
 638   VIII, II   |              As things are, there is disagreement about the subjects. For
 639     IV, XV   |             the power of the council disappears when democracy has taken
 640     VI, III  |            by six of the rich and is disapproved by fifteen of the poor,
 641      V, XI   |              emancipate slaves or to disarm the citizens; either party
 642      V, VIII |      contention. No ordinary man can discern the beginning of evil, but
 643   VIII, VI   |             War, with more zeal than discernment they pursued every kind
 644     II, VI   |              vote for magistrates or discharge other political duties,
 645     II, XII  |           Lycurgus and Zaleucus were disciples of Thales, as Charondas
 646     II, X    |              that the people are not discontented at being excluded from it.
 647    III, I    |              Now of offices some are discontinuous, and the same persons are
 648      I, V    |         parts, whether continuous or discrete, a distinction between the
 649    VII, X    |         territory. Let me proceed to discuss the distribution of the
 650    III, VI   |          part of this treatise, when discussing household management and
 651    VII, XVII |         better, if they would escape diseases. Also all the motions to
 652     II, XI   |          should have leisure and not disgrace themselves in any way; and
 653      V, X    |             the estrangement was the disgust which he felt at his connection
 654    III, XI   |           them into error, and their dishonesty into crime. But there is
 655    VII, XIV  |           not differ as honorable or dishonorable in themselves so much as
 656      V, XI   |        characteristic of a tyrant to dislike every one who has dignity
 657   VIII, VI   |             theirs, that the Goddess disliked the instrument because it
 658    III, XV   |              that this matter may be dismissed for the present. The other
 659     II, VIII |            will lose by the habit of disobedience. The analogy of the arts
 660    VII, VIII |      maintain authority both against disobedient subjects and against external
 661     II, VII  |              the cure of these three disorders? Of the first, moderate
 662     II, X    |              their own judgment, and dispensing with written law, is dangerous.
 663      I, II   |              wives.~ ~For they lived dispersedly, as was the manner in ancient
 664      V, X    |             them out of the city and dispersing them. From democracy tyrants
 665     II, I    |        anxious to make a sophistical display at any cost; we only undertake
 666      V, XI   |             hands, and they are less disposed to conspire against him,
 667    VII, XIII |           the goods of which fortune disposes (for we acknowledge her
 668     II, IX   |            hold office for life is a disputable thing, for the mind grows
 669     IV, IV   |     deliberate and who judge between disputants; we were just now distinguishing
 670     IV, IV   |            citizens who are under no disqualification share in the government,
 671     II, VII  |               For the nobles will be dissatisfied because they think themselves
 672    III, IV   |              these, as well as other dissimilar elements, the state is composed;
 673      V, II   |               neglect about trifles, dissimilarity of elements.~
 674      V, XII  |         citizens become poor through dissipation and debt, as though he thought
 675     II, X    |         destruction of the state and dissolution of society? A city is in
 676    VII, XVII |              their tender limbs from distortion, some nations have had recourse
 677     II, V    |          form a state at all without distributing and dividing its constituents
 678    VII, X    |              the Ionian Gulf, in the district called Siritis, the Chones,
 679     IV, XIV  |              but will not be able to disturb the principles of the constitution.
 680      V, I    |          constitution, when, without disturbing the form of government,
 681      V, III  |              war the impediment of a ditch, though ever so small, may
 682    VII, XIV  |             should also remember the diversities of human lives and actions.
 683      V, II   |              authors of them want to divert punishment or dishonor from
 684     IV, XV   |           order that they may not be diverted from their business; when
 685    VII, VI   |              in countries and cities dockyards and harbors very conveniently
 686    III, XVI  |              not get better if he is doctored out of a book. But the parallel
 687    VII, II   |        always considering how he can dominate and tyrannize over others,
 688     II, X    |              Cretans have no foreign dominions. This is the reason why
 689     IV, XV   |           the poor from going out of doors? Neither is it an oligarchical
 690      V, VIII |          public money; then they are doubly annoyed; for they lose both
 691     II, VIII |        involves another. It has been doubted whether it is or is not
 692      I, V    |           the bodies of freemen. And doubtless if men differed from one
 693      V, VII  |             itself; the cause of the downfall is, in the former, the ill-mingling
 694     IV, XVI  |          small suits about sums of a drachma up to five drachmas, or
 695     IV, XVI  |              of a drachma up to five drachmas, or a little more, which
 696     II, XII  |             as useful as the other.)~Draco has left laws, but he adapted
 697      I, II   |              to an isolated piece at draughts.~Now, that man is more of
 698      V, IV   |              other’s wife. They then drew the members of the ruling
 699   VIII, IV   |         assiduous in their laborious drill, were superior to others,
 700    VII, XVII |            should be more careful to drive away than indecency of speech;
 701      V, X    |              injuring the people and driving them out of the city and
 702      V, XI   |             world; for a drunken and drowsy tyrant is soon despised
 703      V, X    |               and that he was always drunk. Even the friends of a tyrant
 704     II, XII  |             might be offered for the drunkard, but only to expediency,
 705      I, V    |       element comes to fight. Such a duality exists in living creatures,
 706      I, XI   |              various kinds of things dug out of the earth. Of the
 707      V, VIII |        assembly of the citizens, and duplicates of the accounts deposited
 708    III, III  |              the citizens are always dying and being born, as we call
 709      V, VII  |    revolutionists, who established a dynastic oligarchy.~All constitutions
 710     IV, V    |     oligarchy receives the name of a dynasty (or rule of powerful families).~
 711     VI, VI   |        generally preserves them (for e state need not be much increased,
 712      I, II   |          life. And therefore, if the earlier forms of society are natural,
 713      V, XI   |              they see their hard-won earnings snatched from them and lavished
 714     II, VIII |             tradition concerning the earth-born men); and it would be ridiculous
 715     II, V    |           case will be different and easier to deal with; but when they
 716   VIII, IV   |             ready enough to kill and eat men, such as the Achaeans
 717    VII, II   |             such wild animals as are eatable. And surely there may be
 718     II, X    |            of securing moderation in eating, which he conceives to be
 719      V, VIII |            of small expenses in time eats up a fortune. The expense
 720      V, XI   |     detectives" at Syracuse, and the eavesdroppers whom Hiero was in the habit
 721     II, VIII |   distinction led him into a general eccentricity of life, which made some
 722     II, X    |             All classes share in the ecclesia, but it can only ratify
 723    III, XI   |              individual senators, or ecclesiasts, or dicasts, are only parts
 724   VIII, VI   |              furnished the chorus to Ecphantides. Later experience enabled
 725     VI, VII  |      sacrifices or erect some public edifice, and then the people who
 726   VIII, VI   |              voice detracts from its educational value. The ancients therefore
 727      V, X    |              Astyages, despising the effeminacy of his life, and believing
 728    VII, XVII |           not be vulgar or tiring or effeminate. The Directors of Education,
 729    VII, X    |            all these things, for the Egyptians appear to be of all people
 730      V, XII  |      seventeen; and his sons reigned eighteen-altogether thirty-five years. Of other
 731      I, VIII |              out of two employments, eking out the deficiencies of
 732     II, X    |     constitutions are generally less elaborate than the later, and the
 733   VIII, VI   |            of excellence, being also elated with their success, both
 734      V, III  |             them by lot, because the electors were in the habit of choosing
 735     IV, XIV  |          death, exile, confiscation, elects magistrates and audits their
 736    VII, XII  |            and wide, which gives due elevation to virtue and towers over
 737     VI, VIII |     prisoners, as, for example, "the Eleven" at Athens. It is well to
 738      V, XII  |    Thrasybulus was driven out in the eleventh month. In fact, tyrannies
 739    VII, VIII |           state, and we shall easily elicit what we want:~First, there
 740     IV, XIV  |           number in excess should be eliminated by lot. But in oligarchies
 741      V, VI   |             highest offices. Thus at Elis the governing body was a
 742              | elsewhere
 743      V, X    |             the elder to the king of Elymeia, when he was hard pressed
 744      V, XI   |             he has no need either to emancipate slaves or to disarm the
 745     II, XII  |      exclusiveness of the oligarchy, emancipated the people, established
 746     II, IX   |        enemies with them in the same embassy, and the quarrels between
 747     VI, VIII |       undertakes the supervision and embellishment of public and private buildings,
 748      V, X    |              success; for courage is emboldened by power, and the union
 749     IV, I    |              arts and sciences which embrace the whole of any subject,
 750      I, I    |            highest of all, and which embraces all the rest, aims at good
 751    III, XI   |             of any general principle embracing all particulars. But what
 752      V, XI   |          citizens; friends should be embroiled with friends, the people
 753    VII, VI   |            ought not to have such an emporium. Nowadays we often see in
 754   VIII, VI   |        Ecphantides. Later experience enabled men to judge what was or
 755    VII, VII  |          which begets friendship and enables us to love; notably the
 756     II, VIII |        public expense, as if such an enactment had never been heard of
 757     II, VIII |           enacted by law, for it may encourage informers, and perhaps even
 758     II, IX   |           many Spartans as he could, encouraged the citizens to have large
 759     II, X    |            to be a gain; he likewise encourages the separation of men from
 760      V, XI   |             asserts his independence encroaches upon his prerogative, and
 761     IV, V    |      dominant party are content with encroaching a little upon their opponents.
 762     IV, XII  |        arises a true evil, since the encroachments of the rich are more destructive
 763      V, XI   |             idea that their power is endangered by them, not only because
 764      I, II   |             only animal whom she has endowed with the gift of speech.
 765    VII, XV   |             any invader. Courage and endurance are required for business
 766     VI, IV   |             tyrannies were patiently endured by them, as they still endure
 767      V, XII  |              people, and the one are energetic, the other indifferent.
 768    VII, III  |             over and above their own energies, would be far enough from
 769   VIII, V    |         so-called Mixolydian, others enfeeble the mind, like the relaxed
 770     II, VIII |          change from old to new laws enfeebles the power of the law. Even
 771    VII, XIV  |              For men must be able to engage in business and go to war,
 772      V, V    |             numerous, returned, and, engaging and defeating the people,
 773    VII, XI   |              that missiles and siege engines have been brought to such
 774      V, II   |          others, justly or unjustly, engrossing them. Other causes are insolence,
 775     II, VII  |           there have been laws which enjoin the preservation of the
 776   VIII, V    |           learn ourselves instead of enjoying the performances of others?
 777     II, V    |            they do not share equally enjoyments and toils, those who labor
 778    III, IX   |            so called, and not merely enjoys the name: for without this
 779      V, VI   |       democracy, and at Heraclea was enlarged to 600. At Cnidos, again,
 780      V, IV   |              quarrelled with him and enlisted in his cause the popular
 781      V, X    |           and led the attack; he was enraged because Archelaus had delivered
 782    VII, X    |         things which would adorn and enrich life should grow up by degrees.
 783    III, XV   |          class soon deteriorated and enriched themselves out of the public
 784     II, XI   |            the evils of oligarchy by enriching one portion of the people
 785    III, II   |     expulsion of the tyrants, for he enrolled in tribes many metics, both
 786      I, IV   |            poet,~of their own accord entered the assembly of the Gods;~ ~
 787    VII, VI   |   commensurate with the scale of her enterprises. The population of the state
 788      V, IX   |              ought to exhibit and to entertain the very opposite feeling;
 789   VIII, II   |             three opinions have been entertained. Again, about the means
 790     II, IX   |              regulate them well. The entertainment ought to have been provided
 791      V, VII  |           from the poem of Tyrtaeus, entitled "Good Order"; for he speaks
 792      V, XI   |              ways; and they are less envied by their subjects. This
 793      V, IV   |              revolutions. For either envy of their greatness draws
 794     IV, XI   |             one despising, the other envying; and nothing can be more
 795     II, XII  |              the existing democracy. Ephialtes and Pericles curtailed the
 796      I, II   |             of the cupboard," and by Epimenides the Cretan, "companions
 797    VII, I    |          also of greater use, if the epithet useful as well as noble
 798     II, XII  |       Zaleucus, who gave laws to the Epizephyrian Locrians, and Charondas,
 799     II, VII  |             reform is not so much to equalize property as to train the
 800     II, VII  |            is imperfect; for he only equalizes land, whereas a man may
 801     II, VI   |       inconsistency, too, in too, in equalizing the property and not regulating
 802      I, II   |            more dangerous, and he is equipped at birth with arms, meant
 803     IV, IV   |         elements, and their fair and equitable organization, is necessary
 804      I, II   |           foot or hand, except in an equivocal sense, as we might speak
 805     VI, VII  |            magnificent sacrifices or erect some public edifice, and
 806      V, VI   |       instances; another occurred at Eretria, where Diagoras overturned
 807     IV, III  |              was the practice of the Eretrians and Chalcidians, and also
 808    III, IX   |              omitted, then men judge erroneously. The reason is that they
 809      V, VI   |             of weakness. The city of Erythrae, too, in old times was ruled,
 810    III, I    |           who would inquire into the essence and attributes of various
 811     IV, III  |        aristocracy we enumerated the essentials of a state. Of these elements,
 812     IV, XI   |          gets the better, instead of establishing a just or popular government,
 813      V, X    |            for the real cause of the estrangement was the disgust which he
 814     IV, IV   |            is said to be the case in Ethiopia, or according to beauty,
 815      V, X    |              again, was slain by the eunuch to revenge an insult; for
 816    III, XIV  |          Hellenes, and Asiadics than Europeans, do not rebel against a
 817     II, VIII |          VIII~Hippodamus, the son of Euryphon, a native of Miletus, the
 818      V, VI   |              party, at Heraclea upon Eurytion, and at Thebes upon Archias;
 819      V, IV   |            the father of Mnason, and Euthycrates the father of Onomarchus;
 820      V, III  |         citizens of Apollonia on the Euxine, after the introduction
 821      V, III  |          office, small at first, was eventually reduced to nothing. For
 822              | everyone
 823     IV, XV   |            and also how many are not exactly necessary, but are nevertheless
 824   VIII, III  |             does not become free and exalted souls. Now it is clear that
 825     VI, VIII |              be another office which examines and audits them, and has
 826     II, VIII |            fact that old customs are exceedingly simple and barbarous. For
 827    VII, XIV  |           question. Now, if some men excelled others in the same degree
 828    III, XVIII|             family, or many persons, excelling all the others together
 829     IV, XI   |            nor an education which is exceptionally favored by nature and circumstances,
 830      I, XII  |            For although there may be exceptions to the order of nature,
 831      V, X    |             of Gelo and led him into excesses in order that he might rule
 832      V, VI   |          when the government is very exclusive, the revolution is brought
 833     II, XII  |    legislator, who put an end to the exclusiveness of the oligarchy, emancipated
 834     II, XII  |          sober; he looked not to the excuse which might be offered for
 835     VI, VIII |         places, while one magistracy executes the sentence, another has
 836     II, IX   |        father of three sons shall be exempt from military service, and
 837    VII, XVII |             of the breath in violent exertions. The Directors of Education
 838      V, III  |              what an influence honor exerts and how it is a cause of
 839     II, V    |        unification of the state. The exhibition of two virtues, besides,
 840   VIII, VII  |             ought to be contests and exhibitions instituted for the relaxation
 841    III, XIII |            one is to be expelled and exiled; on the other hand, he ought
 842      V, X    |            secretly or openly, or of exiling them because they are rivals
 843     II, V    |           the state virtuous, should expect to improve his citizens
 844      V, III  |              punishment, or they are expecting to suffer wrong and are
 845     II, XII  |            the drunkard, but only to expediency, for drunken more often
 846    III, XIV  |              when the kings go on an expedition, and then they take the
 847      V, IV   |             with the conspirators in expelling the tyrant Periander, transferred
 848      V, V    |              the sums which had been expended by them; and they, in consequence
 849     VI, VIII |            war, with the revenue and expenditure, with the market, with the
 850      V, VIII |         constant recurrence of small expenses in time eats up a fortune.
 851     II, IV   |              occurred, the customary expiations of them cannot be made.
 852     II, X    |             their term of office has expired. Surely all matters of this
 853    VII, VI   |        country, and that they should export what they have in excess;
 854      I, IX   |       imported what they needed, and exported what they had too much of,
 855   VIII, V    |              painter or sculptor who expresses moral ideas. On the other
 856    III, I    |            of that sort; the precise expression is immaterial, for our meaning
 857   VIII, VI   |           not an instrument which is expressive of moral character; it is
 858     IV, XV   | superintendence again are political, extending either to all the citizens
 859     IV, XV   |            office should have a more extensive, in other states a narrower
 860     IV, I    |          which they are living, they extol some one in particular,
 861      V, XII  |             what they liked—of which extravagance he declares excessive freedom
 862      V, III  |         Again, the revolution may be facilitated by the slightness of the
 863      I, VIII |              may obtain with greater facility the food of their choice.
 864    III, XIII |              have used ostracism for factious purposes. It is true that
 865      I, XIII |             as will prevent him from failing in his duty through cowardice
 866     II, X    |             much per head, or, if he fails, the law, as I have already
 867      V, XI   |             For the people too would fain be a monarch, and therefore
 868     IV, IV   |            these elements, and their fair and equitable organization,
 869    VII, X    |         places; there is justice and fairness in such a division, and
 870     II, IV   |           but should permit love and familiarities between father and son or
 871     II, XI   |        fairer to all, and any action familiarized by repetition is better
 872      V, X    |          action which will make them famous and honorable in the world;
 873      V, IV   |            this case the bridegroom, fancying some occurrence to be of
 874   VIII, VI   |            not seek to acquire those fantastic marvels of execution which
 875      I, VIII |             a brigand, the life of a farmer with that of a hunter. Other
 876     II, VIII |   magistrates? Further, what use are farmers to the city? Artisans there
 877     IV, II   |      governments, is necessarily the farthest removed from a well-constituted
 878     IV, XI   |              and nothing can be more fatal to friendship and good fellowship
 879      V, XI   |            be thought only to employ fatherly correction, and not to trample
 880    VII, XVI  |           give good advice about the favorable conditions of the body,
 881     IV, XI   |     education which is exceptionally favored by nature and circumstances,
 882     II, XI   |     stability to the state. Accident favors them, but the legislator
 883    III, XIII |             not take him because she feared that he would have been
 884    VII, I    |           half-a-farthing, and is as feeble and false in mind as a child
 885     II, V    |             the pleasure, when a man feels a thing to be his own; for
 886      V, III  |      Sybarites quarrelled with their fellow-colonists; thinking that the land
 887     II, V    |        property. The partnerships of fellow-travelers are an example to the point;
 888    VII, II   |        command, not indeed all their fellows, but only those who are
 889     II, III  |             And some women, like the females of other animals—for example,
 890   VIII, IV   |    associated, not with the greatest ferocity, but with a gentle and lion
 891    VII, XVII |       temples of those Gods at whose festivals the law permits even ribaldry,
 892     IV, VI   |          their property, which often fetters the rich, who are thereby
 893     VI, VIII |       requiring great experience and fidelity. Such are the officers to
 894     VI, III  |           rich and is disapproved by fifteen of the poor, and the remaining
 895    VII, VIII |             for the purposes of war; fifthly, or rather first, there
 896      V, XI   |            him to have the very Gods fighting on his side. At the same
 897    III, VII  |        constitutional government the fighting-men have the supreme power,
 898      V, XII  |             freedom to be the cause.~Finally, although there are many
 899      I, XI   |        devote themselves entirely to finance.~
 900      I, XI   |          Thales the Milesian and his financial device, which involves a
 901     IV, V    |            in the governing body are fired by co-optation. If the election
 902     II, XI   |          their aristocracy cannot be firmly established. Those who have
 903      I, VIII |         husbandman, the brigand, the fisherman, the hunter. Some gain a
 904      I, XII  |        nature, the male is by nature fitter for command than the female,
 905     VI, VII  |             for their dignity. It is fitting also that the magistrates
 906     II, VI   |            property may be increased fivefold, but why should not his
 907     II, VII  |              of property should also fix the number of children;
 908     II, VII  |              that the legislator who fixes the amount of property should
 909     II, V    |             convictions for perjury, flatteries of rich men and the like,
 910     IV, XVI  |             which murderers who have fled from justice are tried after
 911    VII, I    |         afraid of every insect which flutters past him, and will commit
 912    III, XI   |          offices of state, for their folly will lead them into error,
 913     II, VIII |         Piraeus—a strange man, whose fondness for distinction led him
 914     IV, IV   |         elements. One element is the food-producing class, who are called husbandmen;
 915      I, XII  |           saying of Amasis about his foot-pan. The relation of the male
 916     VI, III  |      difficulty of inducing those to forbear who can, if they like, encroach,
 917    VII, XVII |              saying or doing what is forbidden, if he be too young as yet
 918     VI, VII  |           are four kinds of military forces—the cavalry, the heavy infantry,
 919      I, II   |        preserved. For that which can foresee by the exercise of mind
 920      I, II   |             body give effect to such foresight is a subject, and by nature
 921    VII, XII  |        called by some "Inspectors of Forests" and by others "Wardens
 922      V, X    |            that the offense would be forgiven.~Another motive is contempt,
 923     II, VI   |           countries also must not be forgotten by him, firstly because
 924      I, II   |     denounces—the natural outcast is forthwith a lover of war; he may be
 925    VII, VI   |      dependence by walls and similar fortifications. Cities thus situated manifestly
 926    VII, XI   |              its situation should be fortunate in four things. The first,
 927              | forty
 928     II, IX   |            but tends in a measure to foster avarice.~The mention of
 929      V, X    |           made by Decamnichus on the foulness of his breath. Many other
 930    VII, X    |          which he gave them, was the founder of their common meals; even
 931    VII, VIII |         against external assailants; fourthly, there must be a certain
 932      I, XI   |              of bees and of fish, or fowl, or of any animals which
 933     II, III  |             reverse, however small a fraction he may himself be of the
 934     IV, I    |             not come into being in a fragmentary way, it is the province
 935     II, VI   |              many times as great. In framing an ideal we may assume what
 936    III, XII  |              therefore the noble, or free-born, or rich, may with good
 937    III, XIII |             the ground that they are freeborn. In an aristocracy, or government
 938    III, V    |            but only to those who are freed from necessary services.
 939    III, V    |              in excluding slaves and freedmen from any of the above-mentioned
 940     II, V    |            with whom we most we most frequently come into contact in daily
 941      I, XI   |         which, although they bear no fruit, are nevertheless profitable;
 942     II, IX   |       intention of the legislator is frustrated. The common meals were meant
 943    III, II   |       judicial or legislative office fulfills our definition of a citizen.
 944      I, XII  |        female, just as the elder and full-grown is superior to the younger
 945    VII, XVII |              the subject and after a fuller discussion determine whether
 946      V, XI   |               and that he may form a fund in case of war, and generally
 947    III, II   |            and there will still be a furthering the state, whether a certain
 948     IV, XI   |            better, and that which is furthest from it worse, if we are
 949      V, X    |           Decamnichus stimulated the fury of the assassins and led
 950     IV, IX   |             are three modes in which fusions of government may be affected.
 951     II, XII  |          having been instrumental in gaining the empire of the sea in
 952      V, XII  |           decided against him in the games; and, as some say, the sitting
 953    III, XV   |             the law, but fill up the gaps which the law is obliged
 954   VIII, V    |            is introduced into social gatherings and entertainments, because
 955      V, XII  |        tyranny of Panaetius; that at Gela into the tyranny of Cleander;
 956    III, III  |             Or shall we say that the generations of men, like the rivers,
 957     VI, V    |               It is also worthy of a generous and sensible nobility to
 958   VIII, V    |              imitations of anger and gentleness, and also of courage and
 959     II, III  |         relationship to one another. Geographers declare such to be the fact;
 960    III, XI   |           for example, will choose a geometrician rightly, and those who know
 961    III, XI   |            knowledge; those who know geometry, for example, will choose
 962     II, XI   |           also their kings and their gerusia, or council of elders, who
 963     IV, XI   |          another, and whichever side gets the better, instead of establishing
 964      I, VIII |            or a distinct art. If the getter of wealth has to consider
 965      I, IX   |              to be the case; for all getters of wealth increase their
 966      V, IV   |              fined the father of the girl, and the latter, stung by
 967     II, IV   |            difficult to arrange; the givers or transferrers cannot but
 968      I, II   |            the most full of lust and gluttony. But justice is the bond
 969   VIII, VI   |             idea of theirs, that the Goddess disliked the instrument
 970     IV, IV   |            for the number of tall or good-looking men is small. And yet oligarchy
 971      V, XII  |              Psammetichus the son of Gorgus three. Their continuance
 972    VII, IV   |           the special functions of a governor to command and to judge.
 973     IV, X    |           responsible to no one, and governs all alike, whether equals
 974    VII, III  |         despot; for there is nothing grand or noble in having the use
 975      I, II   |         composed of the children and grandchildren, who are said to be suckled "
 976     II, VIII |           the damages, and some will grant the whole and others nothing:
 977   VIII, V    |            which is absurd. And even granting that music may form the
 978    III, XIII |             had they obtained a firm grasp of the empire, than they
 979     II, VII  |           most men live only for the gratification of it. The beginning of
 980      V, VIII |              might have their wishes gratified. All would be able to hold
 981      I, IX   |             desire that the means of gratifying them should be without limit.
 982   VIII, V    |             of them make men sad and grave, like the so-called Mixolydian,
 983   VIII, VII  |              the Dorian music is the gravest and manliest. And whereas
 984      V, V    |           where they had put them to graze in land not their own. Dionysius,
 985     II, IX   |          city poor, and his citizens greedy.~Enough respecting the Spartan
 986     VI, V    |         inflicted on those who bring groundless accusations; for it is the
 987     VI, VIII |            offices; for example, the guardianships of women and children—the
 988    III, XI   |          than the carpenter, and the guest will judge better of a feast
 989      I, IV   |           the lyre without a hand to guide them, chief workmen would
 990      I, I    |            method which has hitherto guided us. As in other departments
 991     IV, XVI  |                c) cases in which the guilt is confessed but the justice
 992    VII, X    |            the Scylletic and Lametic Gulfs, which are distant from
 993     IV, XIII |            for non-attendance at the gymnasium, and consequently, having
 994    VII, VII  |         distribution of races in the habitable world. Those who live in
 995    III, IV   |              occasional use; if they habitually practice them, there will
 996   VIII, V    |            it can form our minds and habituate us to true pleasures as
 997    VII, XVII |         human nature should be early habituated to endure all which by habit
 998   VIII, I    |              a previous training and habituation are required; clearly therefore
 999     II, VIII |            for he would wear flowing hair and expensive ornaments;
1000     II, XII  |             passion which his mother Halcyone had conceived for him, and