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| Alphabetical [« »] method 14 methods 1 miccalus 6 middle 188 middles 1 midway 1 might 9 | Frequency [« »] 196 particular 193 affirmative 192 does 188 middle 186 both 185 first 181 from | Aristotle Prior Analytics IntraText - Concordances middle |
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1 I, 4 | last is contained in the middle as in a whole, and the middle 2 I, 4 | middle as in a whole, and the middle is either contained in, 3 I, 4 | syllogism. I call that term middle which is itself contained 4 I, 4 | position also this comes in the middle. By extremes I mean both 5 I, 4 | term belongs to all the middle, but the middle to none 6 I, 4 | all the middle, but the middle to none of the last term, 7 I, 4 | term belongs to any of the middle, nor the middle to any of 8 I, 4 | any of the middle, nor the middle to any of the last. As an 9 I, 4 | term the major in which the middle is contained and that term 10 I, 4 | minor which comes under the middle. Let all B be A and some 11 I, 4 | minor, to some of which the middle term cannot be attributed. 12 I, 5 | a figure the second; by middle term in it I mean that which 13 I, 5 | that which lies near the middle, by minor that which is 14 I, 5 | is further away from the middle. The middle term stands 15 I, 5 | away from the middle. The middle term stands outside the 16 I, 5 | be possible, whenever the middle belongs to all of one subject 17 I, 5 | number-substance being the middle term.~Nor is a syllogism 18 I, 5 | consequence follows.~If the middle term is related universally 19 I, 5 | must result whenever the middle term is related universally 20 I, 5 | Nor is one possible if the middle term belongs to some of 21 I, 6 | such a figure the third; by middle term in it I mean that of 22 I, 6 | which is further from the middle, by the minor that which 23 I, 6 | which is nearer to it. The middle term stands outside the 24 I, 6 | universally or not to the middle term.~If they are universal, 25 I, 6 | inanimate-inanimate being the middle term.~It is clear then in 26 I, 6 | related universally to the middle, the other in part only, 27 I, 6 | animal, science, wild-the middle in both being the term wild.~ 28 I, 6 | related universally to the middle, take the terms animal, 29 I, 6 | related universally to the middle, take as terms for a negative 30 I, 6 | extremes belongs to some of the middle or does not belong, or one 31 I, 6 | does not to some of the middle, or one belongs to some 32 I, 6 | one belongs to some of the middle, the other not to all, or 33 I, 7 | this (as we saw) is the middle figure. Consequently, since 34 I, 7 | since all syllogisms in the middle figure can be reduced to 35 I, 7 | reduced to syllogisms in the middle figure, it is clear that 36 I, 8 | predication. But in the middle figure when the universal 37 I, 11| related universally to the middle, and both premisses are 38 I, 11| animal" - "man", "man" being middle, and when the affirmative 39 I, 11| animal", "animal" being middle.~ 40 I, 13| indefinite, because the middle term is uncertain; but they 41 I, 15| major term be "animal", the middle "moving", the the minor " 42 I, 20| horse-man-white—white being the middle term.~ 43 I, 22| related universally to the middle, the other in part. If both 44 I, 23| to another, unless some middle term is taken, which is 45 I, 23| argument is the same if several middle terms should be necessary 46 I, 23| same whether there is one middle term or many.~It is clear 47 I, 25| means of several continuous middle terms, e.g. the proposition 48 I, 25| proposition AB by means of the middle terms C and D, the number 49 I, 25| term is inserted in the middle: for in relation to one 50 I, 28| and Fs. This will be the middle term; A and E will be the 51 I, 28| figure: for G becomes the middle term. And A will belong 52 I, 28| the first figure and the middle figure; the first, because 53 I, 28| F belongs to all E: the middle figure because D belongs 54 I, 28| terms in question: for the middle term must belong to the 55 I, 28| inquiry by selection of middle terms are useless to produce 56 I, 28| e.g. B and F, we have the middle figure with both premisses 57 I, 28| either in the first or in the middle figure. But no syllogism 58 I, 28| our investigation is the middle term, and the middle term 59 I, 28| the middle term, and the middle term must be not diverse 60 I, 28| then too we shall have the middle figure: for B will belong 61 I, 29| the premisses and find the middle term. Consequently a syllogism 62 I, 31| positive statement, the middle term through which the syllogism 63 I, 31| it takes the universal as middle. Let animal be the term 64 I, 31| these logicians assume as middle the universal term, and 65 I, 32| We must take that term as middle which is stated in both 66 I, 32| it is necessary that the middle should be found in both 67 I, 32| the figures.~If then the middle term is a predicate and 68 I, 32| denied of something, the middle figure: if other things 69 I, 32| was thus that we found the middle term placed in each figure. 70 I, 32| are not universal: for the middle term is determined in the 71 I, 32| syllogism cannot be made: for a middle term has not been taken. 72 I, 32| figure by the position of the middle term.~ 73 I, 34| in a similar way in the middle figure: "it is not possible 74 I, 35| consequently there will be no middle term for the proposition 75 I, 35| For it is clear that the middle must not always be assumed 76 I, 36| first term belongs to the middle, and the middle to the extreme, 77 I, 36| belongs to the middle, and the middle to the extreme, must not 78 I, 36| will be predicated of the middle in the same way as the middle 79 I, 36| middle in the same way as the middle is predicated of the last 80 I, 36| first term is stated of the middle, but the middle is not stated 81 I, 36| stated of the middle, but the middle is not stated of the third 82 I, 36| knowledge. Sometimes the middle term is stated of the third, 83 I, 36| first is not stated of the middle, e.g. if there is a science 84 I, 36| first term is stated of the middle, nor the middle of the third, 85 I, 36| stated of the middle, nor the middle of the third, while the 86 I, 38| first extreme, not to the middle. I mean for example that 87 I, 38| qualification, we must put as middle term "that which is", but 88 I, 38| qualification "that it is good", the middle term must be "that which 89 I, 38| if "being" were taken as middle and "being" simply were 90 I, 45| and a syllogism in the middle figure to the first, not 91 I, 45| converted, we shall have the middle figure. For B belongs to 92 I, 45| statement and you will have the middle figure.~The universal syllogisms 93 I, 45| to no C; and so C will be middle term. Similarly if the negative 94 I, 45| of the syllogisms in the middle figure can, the other cannot, 95 I, 45| to some A. A therefore is middle term. But when A belongs 96 I, 45| can be resolved into the middle figure, whenever the negative 97 II, 1 | that are subordinate to the middle term or to the conclusion 98 II, 1 | former are placed in the middle, the latter in the conclusion; 99 II, 1 | whatever is subordinate to the middle term may be inferred, not 100 II, 1 | what is subordinate to the middle term is proved (as we saw) 101 II, 2 | taken and man is put as middle: for neither animal nor 102 II, 2 | If then snow is taken as middle, and animal as first term, 103 II, 2 | consequently if man be taken as middle term and it is assumed that 104 II, 2 | then number is taken as middle, and it is assumed that 105 II, 3 | 3~In the middle figure it is possible in 106 II, 5 | another term is taken as middle, the proof is not circular: 107 II, 5 | accepted terms is taken as middle, only one of the premisses 108 II, 5 | the third belongs to the middle or the middle to the first. 109 II, 5 | belongs to the middle or the middle to the first. If the terms 110 II, 5 | demonstrated through B as middle term, and again the proposition 111 II, 5 | the first figure and A is middle. But if the syllogism is 112 II, 6 | second figure, with B as middle. But if the premiss AB was 113 II, 6 | belong to some C, B being middle. But if the universal premiss 114 II, 7 | belong to some C, B being middle. And whenever one premiss 115 II, 7 | belong to some C, B being middle. But when the negative premiss 116 II, 7 | which this belongs. In the middle figure, when the syllogism 117 II, 7 | third figure and in the middle figure those syllogisms 118 II, 8 | extreme cannot belong to the middle or the middle to the last 119 II, 8 | belong to the middle or the middle to the last term. For it 120 II, 8 | proved of C, through B as middle term. If then it should 121 II, 10| some B, C being taken as middle, and the premisses being 122 II, 10| either in the first or in the middle figure. But if the conclusion 123 II, 10| syllogisms are formed through the middle and the last figures, and 124 II, 10| alway refuted through the middle figure, the premiss which 125 II, 10| through the first and the middle figures; the premiss which 126 II, 10| concerns the minor through the middle figure.~ 127 II, 11| belongs to all B, C being middle, then if it is supposed 128 II, 11| which is proved in the middle and third figures, but not 129 II, 12| impossibile. But in the middle and the last figures this 130 II, 12| syllogisms can be formed in the middle figure.~ 131 II, 13| it is plain that in the middle figure an affirmative conclusion, 132 II, 14| truth will be found in the middle or the last figure, if negative 133 II, 14| figure, if negative in the middle, if affirmative in the last. 134 II, 14| syllogism is formed in the middle figure, the truth will be 135 II, 14| be found in the first and middle figures, if affirmative 136 II, 14| first, if negative in the middle. Suppose that A has been 137 II, 14| reached. But this is the middle figure, if C belongs to 138 II, 14| for thus also we have the middle figure. Again suppose it 139 II, 14| it has been proved in the middle figure that A belongs to 140 II, 14| to all B, and this is the middle figure. Similarly if the 141 II, 14| some B: and this is the middle figure.~It is clear then 142 II, 15| the same subject, and the middle term in the first figure 143 II, 15| are not opposed.~In the middle figure a syllogism can be 144 II, 15| is not universal: for the middle term is always that which 145 II, 15| terms subordinate to the middle are such that they are either 146 II, 16| question may be begged in the middle and third figures in both 147 II, 16| question may be begged in the middle figure), because the terms 148 II, 17| when a syllogism drawn from middle terms to an impossible conclusion 149 II, 19| cannot be drawn without a middle term, and that term which 150 II, 19| stated more than once is the middle. How we ought to watch the 151 II, 19| How we ought to watch the middle in reference to each conclusion, 152 II, 19| that are not connected by middle terms. For example suppose 153 II, 19| F, B, C, D, and E being middle terms. One ought then to 154 II, 19| syllogism is drawn through one middle term, he ought to begin 155 II, 21| the former case, where the middle term does not belong to 156 II, 21| reference to each of the two middle terms: e.g. that A belongs 157 II, 21| error in respect of the middle term is not contrary to 158 II, 21| thought in respect of one middle term contrary to that in 159 II, 22| it is necessary that the middle should be convertible with 160 II, 22| A belongs, through C as middle, and C is convertible with 161 II, 22| convertible with B through A as middle. Similarly if the conclusion 162 II, 23| between one extreme and the middle by means of the other extreme, 163 II, 23| extreme, e.g. if B is the middle term between A and C, it 164 II, 23| convertible with B, and the middle term is not wider in extension, 165 II, 23| premiss: for where there is a middle term the syllogism proceeds 166 II, 23| syllogism proceeds through the middle term; when there is no middle 167 II, 23| middle term; when there is no middle term, through induction. 168 II, 23| third term by means of the middle, the former proves the major 169 II, 23| the major to belong to the middle by means of the third. In 170 II, 23| nature, syllogism through the middle term is prior and better 171 II, 24| proved to belong to the middle by means of a term which 172 II, 24| to be known both that the middle belongs to the third term, 173 II, 24| belief in the relation of the middle term to the extreme should 174 II, 24| major term belongs to the middle, and does not apply the 175 II, 25| term clearly belongs to the middle, but the relation of the 176 II, 25| but the relation of the middle to the last term is uncertain 177 II, 25| between the last term and the middle are few. For in any of these 178 II, 26| original subject becomes the middle term.~If the objection is 179 II, 26| particular term assumed is middle, e.g. the knowable and the 180 II, 26| Besides, an objection in the middle figure would require a fuller 181 II, 27| corresponding to the position of the middle term in the figures. For 182 II, 27| for to have milk is the middle term. Let A represent to 183 II, 27| meant to come through the middle figure: for since paleness 184 II, 27| which proceeds through the middle figure is always refutable 185 II, 27| among them designate the middle term as the index (for people 186 II, 27| which makes us know, and the middle term above all has this 187 II, 27| signs, that derived from the middle term the index: for that 188 II, 27| the first figure if the middle term is convertible with