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| Alphabetical [« »] avoid 1 awake 5 away 2 b 1000 b-so 1 ba 3 bad 4 | Frequency [« »] 1256 and 1148 that 1074 of 1000 b 963 it 869 if 854 not | Aristotle Prior Analytics IntraText - Concordances b |
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501 II, 2 | should belong neither to any B nor to any C, and that B 502 II, 2 | B nor to any C, and that B should not belong to any 503 II, 2 | assumed that A belongs to no B, and B to all C, the conclusion 504 II, 2 | that A belongs to no B, and B to all C, the conclusion 505 II, 2 | belonging to the whole of B and of C, while B belongs 506 II, 2 | whole of B and of C, while B belongs to some C, e.g. 507 II, 2 | assumed that A belongs to all B, and B to all C, A will 508 II, 2 | A belongs to all B, and B to all C, A will belong 509 II, 2 | should neither belong to any B nor to any C, though B belongs 510 II, 2 | any B nor to any C, though B belongs to some C, e.g. 511 II, 2 | assumed that A belongs to no B, and B to all C, will belong 512 II, 2 | that A belongs to no B, and B to all C, will belong to 513 II, 2 | prevents A belonging to no B, but to some C, and B to 514 II, 2 | no B, but to some C, and B to some C, e.g. animal belongs 515 II, 2 | belongs to the whole of B, and B to some C, then the 516 II, 2 | belongs to the whole of B, and B to some C, then the premiss 517 II, 2 | should belong to the whole of B, but not to some C, although 518 II, 2 | not to some C, although B belongs to some C, e.g. 519 II, 2 | assumed that A belongs to no B but B belongs to some C, 520 II, 2 | that A belongs to no B but B belongs to some C, the conclusion 521 II, 2 | prevents A belonging both to B and to some C, and B belonging 522 II, 2 | to B and to some C, and B belonging to some C, e.g. 523 II, 2 | assumed to belong to all B, and B to some C, the a 524 II, 2 | to belong to all B, and B to some C, the a premiss 525 II, 2 | belonging to the whole of B and to some C, while B belongs 526 II, 2 | of B and to some C, while B belongs to no C, e.g. animal 527 II, 2 | assumed that A belongs to all B, and B to some C, the conclusion 528 II, 2 | A belongs to all B, and B to some C, the conclusion 529 II, 2 | that A should belong to no B, and not to some C, while 530 II, 2 | and not to some C, while B belongs to no C, e.g. a 531 II, 2 | assumed that A belongs to no B, and B to some C, then A 532 II, 2 | that A belongs to no B, and B to some C, then A will not 533 II, 2 | prevents A belonging to some B and to some C, though B 534 II, 2 | B and to some C, though B belongs to no C, e.g. if 535 II, 2 | belongs to no C, e.g. if B is the contrary of C, and 536 II, 2 | assumed that A belongs to all B, and B to some C, the conclusion 537 II, 2 | A belongs to all B, and B to some C, the conclusion 538 II, 2 | that A may belong to no B and to some C, while B belongs 539 II, 2 | no B and to some C, while B belongs to no C, e.g. a 540 II, 2 | assumed that A belongs to all B and B to some C, the conclusion 541 II, 2 | that A belongs to all B and B to some C, the conclusion 542 II, 2 | belonging to the whole of B, and not to some C, while 543 II, 2 | and not to some C, while B belongs to no C, e.g. animal 544 II, 2 | assumed that A belongs to no B, and B to some C, then A 545 II, 2 | that A belongs to no B, and B to some C, then A does not 546 II, 3 | For (1) if A belongs to no B and to all C, e.g. animal 547 II, 3 | assumed that A belongs to all B and to no C, though the 548 II, 3 | Similarly if A belongs to all B and to no C: for we shall 549 II, 3 | prevents A belonging to all B and to all C, though B belongs 550 II, 3 | all B and to all C, though B belongs to no C, e.g. a 551 II, 3 | A should belong to some B and to all C, though B belongs 552 II, 3 | some B and to all C, though B belongs to no C, e.g. animal 553 II, 3 | assumed that A belongs to no B, but to the whole of C, 554 II, 3 | prevents A belonging to some B, but not to C as a whole, 555 II, 3 | not to C as a whole, while B belongs to no C, e.g. animal 556 II, 3 | belongs to the whole of B, but to no C, the premiss 557 II, 3 | A should belong to some B and to some C, and B to 558 II, 3 | some B and to some C, and B to no C, e.g. animal to 559 II, 3 | assumed that A belongs to all B and to no C, both premisses 560 II, 3 | prevents A belonging to all B and to some C, though B 561 II, 3 | B and to some C, though B does not belong to some 562 II, 3 | stated that A belongs to no B and to some C, the universal 563 II, 3 | that A should belong to no B, and not to some C, though 564 II, 3 | and not to some C, though B does not belong to some 565 II, 3 | stated that A belongs to all B and not to some C, the premiss 566 II, 3 | prevents A following neither B nor C at all, while B does 567 II, 3 | neither B nor C at all, while B does not belong to some 568 II, 3 | stated that A belongs to no B and to some C, the conclusion 569 II, 3 | should A belong both to B and to C as wholes, though 570 II, 3 | and to C as wholes, though B does not follow some C, 571 II, 3 | belongs to the whole of B, but does not belong to 572 II, 3 | A should belong both to B and to C as wholes, though 573 II, 3 | and to C as wholes, though B does not follow some C. 574 II, 3 | assumed that A belongs to no B and to some C, the premisses 575 II, 3 | that A should follow no B and all C, though B does 576 II, 3 | follow no B and all C, though B does not belong to some 577 II, 3 | to belong to the whole of B, and not to follow some 578 II, 4 | nothing prevents neither A nor B from belonging to any C, 579 II, 4 | while A belongs to some B, e.g. neither man nor footed 580 II, 4 | it is assumed that A and B belong to all C, the premisses 581 II, 4 | For it is possible that B should belong to no C, but 582 II, 4 | should not belong to some B, e.g. black belongs to no 583 II, 4 | Consequently if it is assumed that B belongs to all C, and A 584 II, 4 | will not belong to some B: and the conclusion is true, 585 II, 4 | nothing prevents both A and B from belonging to some C 586 II, 4 | while A belongs to some B, e.g. white and beautiful 587 II, 4 | it is stated that A and B belong to all C, the premisses 588 II, 4 | from not belonging, and B from belonging, to some 589 II, 4 | A does not belong to all B, e.g. white does not belong 590 II, 4 | that A belongs to no C, and B to all C, both premisses 591 II, 4 | possible that both A and B should follow all C, though 592 II, 4 | does not belong to some B, e.g. animal and white follow 593 II, 4 | terms, if one assumes that B belongs to the whole of 594 II, 4 | true. For nothing prevents B from following all C, and 595 II, 4 | though A belongs to some B, e.g. animal belongs to 596 II, 4 | it is assumed that A and B belong to every C, the premiss 597 II, 4 | For it is possible that B should belong to all C, 598 II, 4 | while A belongs to some B, e.g. biped belongs to every 599 II, 4 | assumed that both A and B belong to the whole of C, 600 II, 4 | since it is possible that B should belong to the whole 601 II, 4 | should not belong to all B, therefore it is assumed 602 II, 4 | therefore it is assumed that B belongs to the whole of 603 II, 4 | if A belongs to no C and B to some C, it is possible 604 II, 4 | that A belongs to no C, and B to all C, the premiss AC 605 II, 4 | that it is impossible that B should necessarily be great 606 II, 4 | since A is white and that B should necessarily be great 607 II, 4 | is necessary that that, B, should be great, and since 608 II, 4 | should be great, and since B is great that C should not 609 II, 4 | should not be. If then B is not great A cannot be 610 II, 4 | white, it is necessary that B should be great, it necessarily 611 II, 4 | necessarily results that if B is not great, B itself is 612 II, 4 | that if B is not great, B itself is great. (But this 613 II, 4 | this is impossible.) For if B is not great, A will necessarily 614 II, 4 | then when this is not white B must be great, it results 615 II, 4 | great, it results that if B is not great, it is great, 616 II, 5 | has been proved through B; suppose that A should now 617 II, 5 | now be proved to belong to B by assuming that A belongs 618 II, 5 | and C to B-so A belongs to B: but in the first syllogism 619 II, 5 | converse was assumed, viz. that B belongs to C. Or suppose 620 II, 5 | necessary to prove that B belongs to C, and A is assumed 621 II, 5 | the first syllogism, and B to belong to A but the converse 622 II, 5 | viz. that A belongs to B. In no other way is reciprocal 623 II, 5 | reciprocally, e.g. if A and B and C are convertible with 624 II, 5 | been demonstrated through B as middle term, and again 625 II, 5 | then it is assumed that B belongs to all C, and C 626 II, 5 | have a syllogism relating B to A. Again if it is assumed 627 II, 5 | belongs to all A, and A to all B, C must belong to all B. 628 II, 5 | B, C must belong to all B. In both these syllogisms 629 II, 5 | assumed that C belongs to all B, and B to all A, both the 630 II, 5 | C belongs to all B, and B to all A, both the premisses 631 II, 5 | proved: for C is proved of B, and B of by assuming that 632 II, 5 | for C is proved of B, and B of by assuming that C is 633 II, 5 | proof is as follows. Let B belong to all C, and A to 634 II, 5 | belong to no C, and C to all B: thus the previous premiss 635 II, 5 | necessary to prove that B belongs to C, the proposition 636 II, 5 | before: for the premiss "B belongs to no A" is identical 637 II, 5 | premiss "A belongs to no B". But we must assume that 638 II, 5 | But we must assume that B belongs to all of that to 639 II, 5 | conclusion) and assume that B belongs to all of that to 640 II, 5 | It is necessary then that B should belong to all C. 641 II, 5 | proved of some C through B. If then it is assumed that 642 II, 5 | then it is assumed that B belongs to all A and the 643 II, 5 | conclusion is retained, B will belong to some C: for 644 II, 5 | universal syllogism, i.e "B belongs to some of that 645 II, 6 | follows. Let A belong to all B, and to no C: we conclude 646 II, 6 | to no C: we conclude that B belongs to no C. If then 647 II, 6 | then it is assumed that B belongs to all A, it is 648 II, 6 | the second figure, with B as middle. But if the premiss 649 II, 6 | For C belongs to all A and B to no C, consequently B 650 II, 6 | B to no C, consequently B belongs to no A: neither 651 II, 6 | neither then does A belong to B. Through the conclusion, 652 II, 6 | affirmative. Let A belong to all B, and not to all C: the conclusion 653 II, 6 | then it is assumed that B belongs to all A, but not 654 II, 6 | will not belong to some C, B being middle. But if the 655 II, 6 | of that to some of which B does not belong.~ 656 II, 7 | Let A belong to all C and B to some C: the conclusion 657 II, 7 | proved that C belongs to some B, but that B belongs to some 658 II, 7 | belongs to some B, but that B belongs to some C has not 659 II, 7 | necessary, if C belongs to some B, that B should belong to 660 II, 7 | belongs to some B, that B should belong to some C. 661 II, 7 | the other premiss. But if B belongs to all C, and A 662 II, 7 | assumed that C belongs to all B, and A to some B. For if 663 II, 7 | to all B, and A to some B. For if C belongs to all 664 II, 7 | For if C belongs to all B and A to some B, it is necessary 665 II, 7 | belongs to all B and A to some B, it is necessary that A 666 II, 7 | should belong to some C, B being middle. And whenever 667 II, 7 | premiss can be proved. Let B belong to all C, and A not 668 II, 7 | does not belong to some B. If then it is assumed further 669 II, 7 | further that C belongs to all B, it is necessary that A 670 II, 7 | should not belong to some C, B being middle. But when the 671 II, 7 | if A belongs to no C, and B to some C: the conclusion 672 II, 7 | does not belong to some B. If then it is assumed that 673 II, 8 | been proved of C, through B as middle term. If then 674 II, 8 | belongs to no C, but to all B, B will belong to no C. 675 II, 8 | belongs to no C, but to all B, B will belong to no C. And 676 II, 8 | if A belongs to no C, and B to all C, A will belong, 677 II, 8 | A will belong, not to no B at all, but not to all B. 678 II, 8 | B at all, but not to all B. For (as we saw) the universal 679 II, 8 | belongs to no C through B. Then if it is assumed that 680 II, 8 | belongs to all C, and to no B, B will belong to none of 681 II, 8 | belongs to all C, and to no B, B will belong to none of the 682 II, 8 | of the Cs. And if A and B belong to all C, A will 683 II, 8 | C, A will belong to some B: but in the original premiss 684 II, 8 | premiss it belonged to no B.~If the conclusion is converted 685 II, 8 | not to all C, but to all B, B will belong not to all 686 II, 8 | to all C, but to all B, B will belong not to all C. 687 II, 8 | belongs not to all C, but B belongs to all C, A will 688 II, 8 | A will belong not to all B. Similarly if the syllogism 689 II, 8 | belongs to some C, and to no B, B will belong, not to no 690 II, 8 | to some C, and to no B, B will belong, not to no C 691 II, 8 | A belongs to some C, and B to all C, as was originally 692 II, 8 | assumed, A will belong to some B.~In particular syllogisms 693 II, 8 | that A belongs to no C, and B to some C, A will not belong 694 II, 8 | will not belong to some B: and if A belongs to no 695 II, 8 | belongs to no C, but to all B, B will belong to no C. 696 II, 8 | belongs to no C, but to all B, B will belong to no C. Thus 697 II, 8 | belong to some C, but to all B, then B will not belong 698 II, 8 | some C, but to all B, then B will not belong to some 699 II, 8 | for it is possible that B should belong to some C, 700 II, 8 | belong to some of the Cs, but B belongs to some of the Cs, 701 II, 9 | contradictory. Let A belong to all B and to no C: conclusion 702 II, 9 | then it is assumed that B belongs to all C, and the 703 II, 9 | first figure is produced. If B belongs to all C, and A 704 II, 9 | then A belongs not to all B: the figure is the last. 705 II, 9 | its contradictory. For if B belongs to some C, and A 706 II, 9 | will not belong to some B. Again if B belongs to some 707 II, 9 | belong to some B. Again if B belongs to some C, and A 708 II, 9 | to some C, and A to all B, A will belong to some C, 709 II, 9 | Suppose that A belongs to no B, and to some C: the conclusion 710 II, 9 | then it is assumed that B belongs to some C, and the 711 II, 9 | not to some C. Again if B belongs to some C and A 712 II, 9 | premisses can be refuted. For if B belongs to all C, and A 713 II, 9 | belongs to all C, and A to no B, A will belong to no C: 714 II, 9 | belong to some C. Again if B belongs to all C and A to 715 II, 9 | C, A will belong to some B. The same proof can be given 716 II, 10| proved that A belongs to some B, C being taken as middle, 717 II, 10| does not belong to some B, but B belongs to all C, 718 II, 10| not belong to some B, but B belongs to all C, no syllogism 719 II, 10| does not belong to some B, but belongs to all C, will 720 II, 10| syllogism be possible about B and C. A similar proof can 721 II, 10| For if A belongs to no B, and B to all C, then A 722 II, 10| if A belongs to no B, and B to all C, then A belongs 723 II, 10| again if A belongs to no B, and to all C, B belongs 724 II, 10| belongs to no B, and to all C, B belongs to no C. And similarly 725 II, 10| For if A belongs to no B, and B to some C, A will 726 II, 10| if A belongs to no B, and B to some C, A will not belong 727 II, 10| some C: if A belongs to no B, and to C, B will belong 728 II, 10| belongs to no B, and to C, B will belong to no C.~Similarly 729 II, 10| does not belong to some B, BC being affirmative, AC 730 II, 10| For if A belongs to some B, and B to all C, no syllogism 731 II, 10| A belongs to some B, and B to all C, no syllogism is 732 II, 10| Nor, if A belongs to some B, and to no C, was a syllogism 733 II, 10| syllogism possible concerning B and C. Therefore the premisses 734 II, 10| For if A belongs to all B, and B to C, A belongs to 735 II, 10| A belongs to all B, and B to C, A belongs to all C: 736 II, 10| Again if A belongs to all B, and to no C, then B belongs 737 II, 10| all B, and to no C, then B belongs to no C: but it 738 II, 10| If then A belongs to all B, and B to some C, it results 739 II, 10| A belongs to all B, and B to some C, it results that 740 II, 10| Again if A belongs to all B, and to no C, then B belongs 741 II, 10| all B, and to no C, then B belongs to no C: but it 742 II, 10| C. If A belongs to some B and B to some C, no syllogism 743 II, 10| A belongs to some B and B to some C, no syllogism 744 II, 10| yet if A belongs to some B, and to no C. Thus in one 745 II, 11| example if A belongs to all B, C being middle, then if 746 II, 11| A does not belong to all B or belongs to no B, but 747 II, 11| to all B or belongs to no B, but to all C (which was 748 II, 11| follows that C belongs to no B or not to all B. But this 749 II, 11| belongs to no B or not to all B. But this is impossible: 750 II, 11| that A belongs not to all B, or to no B, and take besides 751 II, 11| belongs not to all B, or to no B, and take besides another 752 II, 11| belongs to all A, or that B belongs to all D; thus we 753 II, 11| A does not belong to all B, no syllogism results whichever 754 II, 11| supposed that A belongs to no B, when the premiss BD is 755 II, 11| For if A belongs to no B, and B belongs to all D, 756 II, 11| if A belongs to no B, and B belongs to all D, A belongs 757 II, 11| false then A belongs to no B. But the universal affirmative 758 II, 11| A does not belong to all B. Consequently it is clear 759 II, 11| Suppose that A belongs to no B, and let it have been assumed 760 II, 11| it have been assumed that B belongs to all or to some 761 II, 11| A should belong to some B. But if the other premiss 762 II, 11| does not belong to some B. Clearly then we must suppose 763 II, 11| suppose that A belongs to some B, and let it have been assumed 764 II, 11| C should belong to some B. But let this be impossible, 765 II, 11| true that A belongs to no B. We may proceed in the same 766 II, 11| premiss assumed concerns B, no syllogism will be possible. 767 II, 11| Suppose that A belongs to all B, and let it have been assumed 768 II, 11| that C should belong to all B. But this is impossible, 769 II, 11| false that A belongs to all B. But we have not yet shown 770 II, 11| necessary that A belongs to no B, if it does not belong to 771 II, 11| it does not belong to all B. Similarly if the other 772 II, 11| other premiss taken concerns B; we shall have a syllogism 773 II, 11| A does not belong to all B, we must suppose that it 774 II, 11| suppose that it belongs to all B: for if A belongs to all 775 II, 11| for if A belongs to all B, and C to all A, then C 776 II, 11| A, then C belongs to all B; so that if this is impossible, 777 II, 11| premiss assumed concerns B. The same results if the 778 II, 11| negative proposition concerns B, nothing is proved. If the 779 II, 11| belongs not to all but to some B, it is not proved that A 780 II, 11| that A belongs not to all B, but that it belongs to 781 II, 11| but that it belongs to no B. For if A belongs to some 782 II, 11| For if A belongs to some B, and C to all A, then C 783 II, 11| then C will belong to some B. If then this is impossible, 784 II, 11| false that A belongs to some B; consequently it is true 785 II, 11| true that A belongs to no B. But if this is proved, 786 II, 11| was that A belongs to some B, and does not belong to 787 II, 11| does not belong to some B. Further the impossible 788 II, 11| true: for A belongs to some B. Consequently we must not 789 II, 11| suppose that A belongs to some B, but that it belongs to 790 II, 11| but that it belongs to all B. Similarly if we should 791 II, 11| does not belong to some B: for if "not to belong to 792 II, 12| A does not belong to all B, and let it have been assumed 793 II, 12| then A belongs not to all B, but to all C, C will not 794 II, 12| C will not belong to all B. But this is impossible ( 795 II, 12| clear that C belongs to all B): consequently the hypothesis 796 II, 12| then that A belongs to all B. But if the contrary is 797 II, 12| For if A belongs to no B, and to all C, C will belong 798 II, 12| all C, C will belong to no B. This is impossible; so 799 II, 12| false that A belongs to no B. But though this is false, 800 II, 12| true that A belongs to all B.~When A belongs to some 801 II, 12| When A belongs to some B, suppose that A belongs 802 II, 12| suppose that A belongs to no B, and let A belong to all 803 II, 12| that C should belong to no B. Consequently, if this is 804 II, 12| impossible, A must belong to some B. But if it is supposed that 805 II, 12| does not belong to some B, we shall have the same 806 II, 12| suppose that A belongs to some B, and let A belong to no 807 II, 12| should not belong to some B. But originally it belonged 808 II, 12| originally it belonged to all B, consequently the hypothesis 809 II, 12| A then will belong to no B.~When A does not belong 810 II, 12| A does not belong to an B, suppose it does belong 811 II, 12| suppose it does belong to all B, and to no C. It is necessary 812 II, 12| that C should belong to no B. But this is impossible: 813 II, 12| A does not belong to all B. It is clear then that all 814 II, 13| does not belong to some B, but C belongs to all B: 815 II, 13| B, but C belongs to all B: then A does not belong 816 II, 13| does not belong to some B; so that it is true that 817 II, 13| true that A belongs to all B. But if it is supposed that 818 II, 13| supposed that A belongs to no B, we shall have a syllogism 819 II, 13| prove that A belongs to some B, this hypothesis must be 820 II, 13| made. If A belongs to no B, and C to some B, A will 821 II, 13| belongs to no B, and C to some B, A will belong not to all 822 II, 13| true that A belongs to some B.~When A belongs to no B, 823 II, 13| B.~When A belongs to no B, suppose A belongs to some 824 II, 13| suppose A belongs to some B, and let it have been assumed 825 II, 13| assumed that C belongs to all B. Then it is necessary that 826 II, 13| false that A belongs to some B. But if it is supposed that 827 II, 13| supposed that A belongs to all B, the problem is not proved.~ 828 II, 13| that A belongs not to all B. For if A belongs to all 829 II, 13| For if A belongs to all B and C to some B, then A 830 II, 13| belongs to all B and C to some B, then A belongs to some 831 II, 13| false that A belongs to all B. But in that case it is 832 II, 13| that A belongs not to all B. If however it is assumed 833 II, 13| assumed that A belongs to some B, we shall have the same 834 II, 14| been proved to belong to no B, or not to all B, through 835 II, 14| belong to no B, or not to all B, through the first figure. 836 II, 14| been that A belongs to some B, and the original premisses 837 II, 14| belongs to all A and to no B. For thus the syllogism 838 II, 14| belongs to all A and to no B. And it is clear from these 839 II, 14| premisses that A belongs to no B. Similarly if has been proved 840 II, 14| proved not to belong to all B. For the hypothesis is that 841 II, 14| is that A belongs to all B; and the original premisses 842 II, 14| to all A but not to all B. Similarly too, if the premiss 843 II, 14| proved that A belongs to some B. The hypothesis here is 844 II, 14| is that A belongs to no B; and the original premisses 845 II, 14| original premisses that B belongs to all C, and A 846 II, 14| impossible. But if A and B belong to all C, we have 847 II, 14| that A must belong to some B. Similarly if B or A should 848 II, 14| to some B. Similarly if B or A should be assumed to 849 II, 14| figure that A belongs to all B. Then the hypothesis must 850 II, 14| that A belongs not to all B, and the original premisses 851 II, 14| belongs to all C, and C to all B: for thus we shall get what 852 II, 14| belongs to all C, and C to all B, we have the first figure. 853 II, 14| proved that A belongs to some B: for the hypothesis then 854 II, 14| been that A belongs to no B, and the original premisses 855 II, 14| to all C, and C to some B. If the syllogism is negative, 856 II, 14| been that A belongs to some B, and the original premisses 857 II, 14| belongs to no C, and C to all B, so that the first figure 858 II, 14| does not belong to some B, we may infer in the same 859 II, 14| is that A belongs to all B, the original premisses 860 II, 14| C, and C belongs to some B: for thus we get the first 861 II, 14| figure that A belongs to all B. Then the hypothesis must 862 II, 14| that A belongs not to all B, and the original premisses 863 II, 14| premisses that C belongs to all B, and A belongs to all C; 864 II, 14| been that A belongs to no B, and the original premisses 865 II, 14| premisses that C belongs to some B, and A to all C. If the 866 II, 14| been that A belongs to some B, and the original premisses 867 II, 14| belongs to no A and to all B, and this is the middle 868 II, 14| be that A belongs to all B, the premisses that C belongs 869 II, 14| belongs to no A and to some B: and this is the middle 870 II, 15| Let A stand for good, let B and C stand for science. 871 II, 15| is good, A belongs to all B and to no C, so that B belongs 872 II, 15| all B and to no C, so that B belongs to no C: no science 873 II, 15| good"; for A belongs to all B but to no C, so that a particular 874 II, 15| belongs to all C but to no B, and B is science, C medicine, 875 II, 15| to all C but to no B, and B is science, C medicine, 876 II, 15| affirmative statement concerned B, now it concerns C. Similarly 877 II, 15| are universal or not. Let B and C stand for science, 878 II, 15| science, he has assumed that B belongs to all A and C to 879 II, 15| e.g. A may belong to all B and to no C, or to all C 880 II, 15| C, or to all C and to no B, or to all of the one, not 881 II, 16| should be proved through B, and B through C, though 882 II, 16| be proved through B, and B through C, though it was 883 II, 16| also whether A belongs to B, and if one should assume 884 II, 16| assume that A does belong to B, it is not yet clear whether 885 II, 16| demonstration. If however B is so related to C that 886 II, 16| prove that A belongs to B through those terms if they 887 II, 16| if he should assume that B belongs to C, this being 888 II, 16| is made. If however A and B are identical either because 889 II, 16| convertible or because A follows B, then the question is begged 890 II, 17| laid down that A belongs to B, B to C, and C to D, and 891 II, 17| down that A belongs to B, B to C, and C to D, and it 892 II, 17| it should be false that B belongs to D: for if we 893 II, 17| assumed all the same that B belongs to C and C to D, 894 II, 17| suppose that A belongs to B, E to A and F to E, it being 895 II, 17| that F should belong to B, the impossible conclusion 896 II, 17| conclusion will disappear if B is eliminated. Similarly 897 II, 17| down that A belongs not to B but to K, and that K belongs 898 II, 18| established through A and B, and these through D, E, 899 II, 18| argument depends: for A and B are inferred by means of 900 II, 19| inferred to be true of F, B, C, D, and E being middle 901 II, 19| ask whether A belongs to B, and next whether D belongs 902 II, 19| instead of asking whether B belongs to C; after that 903 II, 19| that he may ask whether B belongs to C, and so on. 904 II, 21| Suppose that A belongs to B and to C in virtue of their 905 II, 21| of their nature, and that B and C belong to all D in 906 II, 21| thinks that A belongs to all B, and B to D, but A to no 907 II, 21| A belongs to all B, and B to D, but A to no C, and 908 II, 21| e.g. suppose A belongs to B, B to C, and C to D, but 909 II, 21| suppose A belongs to B, B to C, and C to D, but some 910 II, 21| thinks that A belongs to all B, but to no C: he will both 911 II, 21| that A belongs to C through B, since the part is included 912 II, 21| e.g. that A belongs to all B, but to no C, and both B 913 II, 21| B, but to no C, and both B and C belong to all D. For 914 II, 21| belongs to everything to which B belongs, and he knows that 915 II, 21| belongs, and he knows that B belongs to D, then he knows 916 II, 21| to some of that to which B belongs; but if he thinks 917 II, 21| belongs to everything to which B belongs, and again thinks 918 II, 21| to some of that to which B belongs, these beliefs are 919 II, 21| syllogisms: e.g. A belongs to all B, and B to D, and again A 920 II, 21| A belongs to all B, and B to D, and again A belongs 921 II, 21| e.g. if A belongs to all B, and B to all C, A will 922 II, 21| A belongs to all B, and B to all C, A will belong 923 II, 21| belongs to everything to which B belongs, he knows that A 924 II, 21| stand for two right angles, B for triangle, C for a particular 925 II, 21| belongs to the whole of B, and that B again belongs 926 II, 21| the whole of B, and that B again belongs to C, thinking 927 II, 21| the essence of good and B for the essence of bad, 928 II, 21| good. Since then he thinks B and C identical, he will 929 II, 21| he will think that C is B, and similarly that B is 930 II, 21| is B, and similarly that B is A, consequently that 931 II, 21| For just as we saw that if B is true of all of which 932 II, 21| is true of all of which B is true, A is true of C, 933 II, 21| that if C is the same as B, and B as A, C is the same 934 II, 21| C is the same as B, and B as A, C is the same as A. 935 II, 22| if A belongs to C through B, then if A and C are convertible 936 II, 22| everything to which A belongs, B is convertible with A, and 937 II, 22| convertible with A, and B belongs to everything to 938 II, 22| and C is convertible with B through A as middle. Similarly 939 II, 22| conclusion is negative, e.g. if B belongs to C, but A does 940 II, 22| but A does not belong to B, neither will A belong to 941 II, 22| will A belong to C. If then B is convertible with A, C 942 II, 22| convertible with A. Suppose B does not belong to A; neither 943 II, 22| will C: for ex hypothesi B belonged to all C. And if 944 II, 22| if C is convertible with B, B is convertible also with 945 II, 22| C is convertible with B, B is convertible also with 946 II, 22| of that of all of which B is said. And if C is convertible 947 II, 22| in relation to A and to B, B also is convertible in 948 II, 22| relation to A and to B, B also is convertible in relation 949 II, 22| belongs to that to which B belongs: but C does not 950 II, 22| syllogism. Again if A and B are convertible, and similarly 951 II, 22| anything whatever, then B and D will be such that 952 II, 22| anything whatever. For since B belongs to that to which 953 II, 22| together, it is clear that B or D belongs to everything, 954 II, 22| together. Again if A or B belongs to everything and 955 II, 22| A and C are convertible B and D are convertible. For 956 II, 22| are convertible. For if B does not belong to something 957 II, 22| belongs to the whole of B and to C and is affirmed 958 II, 22| affirmed of nothing else, and B also belongs to all C, it 959 II, 22| is necessary that A and B should be convertible: for 960 II, 22| for since A is said of B and C only, and B is affirmed 961 II, 22| said of B and C only, and B is affirmed both of itself 962 II, 22| and of C, it is clear that B will be said of everything 963 II, 22| itself. Again when A and B belong to the whole of C, 964 II, 22| and C is convertible with B, it is necessary that A 965 II, 22| that A should belong to all B: for since A belongs to 966 II, 22| belongs to all C, and C to B by conversion, A will belong 967 II, 22| conversion, A will belong to all B.~When, of two opposites 968 II, 22| of two opposites A and B, A is preferable to B, and 969 II, 22| and B, A is preferable to B, and similarly D is preferable 970 II, 22| together are preferable to B and D together, A must be 971 II, 22| desire to the same extent as B is an object of aversion, 972 II, 22| to the same extent as D, B is an object of aversion 973 II, 22| both A and C together, and B and D together, will be 974 II, 22| and C are preferable to B and D, A cannot be equally 975 II, 22| desirable with D; for then B along with D would be equally 976 II, 22| is preferable to A, then B must be less an object of 977 II, 22| object of aversion than B. If then every lover in 978 II, 22| grant it (represented by B), it is clear that A (being 979 II, 23| the other extreme, e.g. if B is the middle term between 980 II, 23| through C that A belongs to B. For this is the manner 981 II, 23| A stand for long-lived, B for bileless, and C for 982 II, 23| bileless is long-lived. But B also ("not possessing bile") 983 II, 23| then C is convertible with B, and the middle term is 984 II, 23| that A should belong to B. For it has already been 985 II, 24| For example let A be evil, B making war against neighbours, 986 II, 24| evil. Now it is clear that B belongs to C and to D (for 987 II, 24| but that A belongs to B will be proved through D. 988 II, 25| for what can be taught, B for knowledge, C for justice. 989 II, 25| terms intermediate between B and C are few: for thus 990 II, 26| being a single science, B for contraries. If a man 991 II, 26| granted that A belongs to B, because C does not follow 992 II, 26| because C does not follow B. This can be made clear 993 II, 27| represent to be with child, B to have milk, C woman. The 994 II, 27| figure. Let A stand for good, B for wise men, C for Pittacus. 995 II, 27| then to affirm both A and B of C: only men do not say 996 II, 27| Let A stand for paleness, B for being with child, C 997 II, 27| let A stand for courage, B for large extremities, and 998 II, 27| extremities, and C for lion. B then belongs to everything 999 II, 27| belongs to everything to which B belongs, and to nothing 1000 II, 27| but is convertible with B: otherwise, there would