Book, Paragraph

  1      I, 1 |              can and leave as few as may be to the decision of the
  2      I, 1 |              by the same faculty; it may also be noted that men have
  3      I, 1 |       question, not in order that we may in practice employ it in
  4      I, 1 |         wrong), but in order that we may see clearly what the facts
  5      I, 1 |             unfairly, we on our part may be able to confute him.
  6      I, 1 |               that is a charge which may be made in common against
  7      I, 1 |             but to put him as far as may be on the road to health;
  8      I, 1 |               the term "rhetorician" may describe either the speaker’
  9      I, 2 |                           2~Rhetoric may be defined as the faculty
 10      I, 2 |              contrary, his character may almost be called the most
 11      I, 2 |      possesses. Secondly, persuasion may come through the hearers,
 12      I, 2 |             studies. Ethical studies may fairly be called political;
 13      I, 2 |      enthymemes, though some of them may be "necessary", will most
 14      I, 2 |              which syllogisms proper may be based: and this shows
 15      I, 2 |             particular to universal) may be illustrated thus. Suppose
 16      I, 2 |       breathing be true, since a man may breathe hard without having
 17      I, 2 |               example". The argument may, for instance, be that Dionysius,
 18      I, 2 |          dialectic and rhetoric. One may succeed in stating the required
 19      I, 2 |             to all classes alike. We may begin with the special Lines
 20      I, 2 |        Having distinguished these we may deal with them one by one,
 21      I, 4 |        things, but only with such as may or may not take place. Concerning
 22      I, 4 |             only with such as may or may not take place. Concerning
 23      I, 4 |          whole class of things which may or may not take place; for
 24      I, 4 |         class of things which may or may not take place; for this
 25      I, 4 |              is being overlooked, it may be added, and, if any is
 26      I, 4 |              if any is defective, it may be increased. Further, he
 27      I, 4 |             of it is superfluous, it may be abolished, or, if any
 28      I, 4 |              if any is too large, it may be reduced. For men become
 29      I, 4 |          likely, in order that peace may be maintained with those
 30      I, 4 |            his own, and that his own may have power to make war or
 31      I, 4 |            for this is a matter that may affect their relative strength.
 32      I, 4 |     country-in order that a garrison may be increased if it is too
 33      I, 4 |            that the strategic points may be guarded with special
 34      I, 4 |              and commercial treaties may be made with the countries
 35      I, 4 |     legislation, since from these we may learn the laws and customs
 36      I, 5 |                                 5~It may be said that every individual
 37      I, 5 |               we ought not to do.~We may define happiness as prosperity
 38      I, 5 |              of an individual, which may come either from the male
 39      I, 5 |          things that are due to luck may also be due to artificial
 40      I, 5 |             sure, things due to luck may actually be contrary to
 41      I, 5 |      contrary to nature. Thus health may be due to artificial contrivance,
 42      I, 6 |           and Utility in general.~We may define a good thing as that
 43      I, 6 |           their opposites. One thing may entail another in either
 44      I, 6 |             goodness is disputed, we may argue in the following ways:-
 45      I, 6 |             but not always, since it may well be that our interest
 46      I, 6 |         mentioned, and also whatever may be bad for their enemies
 47      I, 6 |            have but lack-such things may indeed be trifling, but
 48      I, 7 |              which surpasses another may be regarded as being that
 49      I, 7 |            use of the first. A thing may be accompanied by another
 50      I, 7 |            been said, that one thing may be shown to be more important
 51      I, 7 |          opposite points of view: it may appear the more important (
 52      I, 7 |         worth getting. Reversely, it may be argued that the plentiful
 53      I, 7 |            experts. And sometimes it may be argued that what all
 54      I, 7 |              things, its superiority may be due to seasons, ages,
 55      I, 7 |          what aims at appearance. We may define what aims at appearance
 56      I, 7 |             of reality. Hence wealth may be regarded as a greater
 57      I, 9 |              our own. Praise, again, may be serious or frivolous;
 58      I, 9 |              actions whose advantage may be enjoyed after death,
 59      I, 9 |            actual qualities; thus we may say that the passionate
 60      I, 9 |            call any one blest is, it may be added, the same thing
 61      I, 9 |        having done. Since suggestion may or may not forbid an action,
 62      I, 9 |              Since suggestion may or may not forbid an action, the
 63      I, 9 |     achievements as his own: thus we may praise Hippolochus because
 64      I, 9 |             the market-place. And we may censure bad men for the
 65      I, 9 |            say of a man himself, you may pit him against others,
 66      I, 10|             act of "wrong-doing".~We may describe "wrong-doing" as
 67      I, 11|                                11~We may lay it down that Pleasure
 68      I, 11|            accompanied by sensation, may be accompanied by pleasure.
 69      I, 12|            kinds of speaking. But it may here be said that people
 70      I, 12|          have taken such a risk. You may also trust to hide your
 71      I, 12|    convenient means of disposal.~You may feel that even if you are
 72      I, 12|            have nothing to lose. You may feel that the gain to be
 73      I, 12|             uncertain or distant. It may be that the advantage to
 74      I, 12|             to the popular view. You may consider your crimes as
 75      I, 12|             Or the opposite argument may appeal to you: your crimes
 76      I, 12|           appeal to you: your crimes may bring you some credit (thus
 77      I, 12|            you some credit (thus you may, incidentally, be avenging
 78      I, 12|               whereas the punishment may amount to a fine, or banishment,
 79      I, 12|       something of that sort. People may be led on to wrong others
 80      I, 12|             opposite characters. You may be encouraged by having
 81      I, 12|            give up the struggle. You may get your pleasure on the
 82      I, 12|         persons—and weakness of will may be shown with regard to
 83      I, 12|            the objects of desire. It may on the contrary appeal to
 84      I, 12|           later and last longer. You may feel able to make it appear
 85      I, 12|             actually done wrong. You may be able to trust other people
 86      I, 12|             judge you equitably. You may be stimulated by being in
 87      I, 12|              by being in want: which may mean that you want necessaries,
 88      I, 12|               as rich people do. You may be encouraged by having
 89      I, 12|           for enjoyment. His victims may be far off or near at hand.
 90      I, 12|              the Carthaginians. They may be those who are trustful
 91      I, 12|          needs but a pretext". A man may wrong his enemies, because
 92      I, 12|         because that is pleasant: he may equally wrong his friends,
 93      I, 12|            lives. Also those whom we may wrong and yet be sure of
 94      I, 13|          just and unjust actions. We may begin by observing that
 95      I, 13|              class of unjust actions may be divided into two classes,
 96      I, 13|            and sizes of weapons that may be used to inflict wounds-a
 97      I, 13|          power for equity.~The above may be taken as a sufficient
 98      I, 14|         Hence the most trifling acts may be the worst ones; as when
 99      I, 14|             harm that it does. Or it may be because no punishment
100      I, 14|           adequate; or the harm done may be incurable-a difficult
101      I, 14|              defend; or the sufferer may not be able to get his injurer
102      I, 14|           man who has suffered wrong may have inflicted some fearful
103      I, 14|            unwritten ones do not. It may however be argued otherwise,
104      I, 15|          contradicts itself. Thus it may be that one law will enact
105      I, 15|            The evidence of witnesses may refer either to ourselves
106      I, 15|             it supports our case. We may argue that a contract is
107      I, 15|         mistaken contract. Again, we may argue that the duty of the
108      I, 15|            but a party to a contract may be the victim of either
109      I, 15|            for our opponent, when we may say what is true of torture
110      I, 15|          division can be made. A man may either both offer and accept
111      I, 15|        without the other-that is, he may offer an oath but not accept
112      I, 15|         refuse to offer an oath, you may argue that men do not hesitate
113      I, 15|        refuse to accept an oath, you may argue that an oath is always
114      I, 15|             fear of perjury: and you may aptly quote the saying of
115      I, 15|         agree to accept an oath, you may argue that you trust yourself
116      I, 15|           wish to offer an oath, you may argue that piety disposes
117      I, 15|            are other arguments which may be used to magnify the importance
118     II, 1 |        received opinions on which we may best base our arguments
119     II, 1 |           oratory, according to what may be called the special needs
120     II, 1 |       disposed to their hearers, and may fail in consequence to recommend
121     II, 2 |                              2~Anger may be defined as an impulse,
122     II, 2 |           not in order that anything may happen to yourself, or because
123     II, 2 |          forgotten, trifling as this may be; since forgetfulness
124     II, 3 |            are made so. Growing calm may be defined as a settling
125     II, 3 |             things that make us calm may be inferred by seeing what
126     II, 4 |             and friendly feeling. We may describe friendly feeling
127     II, 4 |              their opposites. Enmity may be produced by anger or
128     II, 4 |              against oneself, enmity may arise even without that;
129     II, 4 |          arise even without that; we may hate people merely because
130     II, 4 |             the hater does not. Much may happen to make the angry
131     II, 5 |          which, we feel afraid. Fear may be defined as a pain or
132     II, 5 |           with the thought that they may betray or desert us. And
133     II, 5 |              of what is terrible: it may be due either to the near
134     II, 5 |             face danger calmly: they may have no experience of it,
135     II, 5 |            experience of it, or they may have means to deal with
136     II, 5 |              in danger at sea people may feel confident about what
137     II, 6 |          which, they are felt. Shame may be defined as pain or disturbance
138     II, 6 |      praising a man in order that it may seem like begging; and going
139     II, 6 |          good opinion. These persons may be actually looking on (
140     II, 6 |           afterwards): or again they may be near at hand, or may
141     II, 6 |              may be near at hand, or may be likely to find out about
142     II, 6 |            been; or other people, it may be, like ourselves, whose
143     II, 7 |             man is said to "be kind" may be defined as helpfulness
144     II, 7 |          opponents appear unkind: we may maintain that they are being
145     II, 7 |           all the categories: an act may be an act of kindness because (
146     II, 7 |             the want of kindness, we may point out that a smaller
147     II, 7 |             the person helped. Or we may point out that the thing
148     II, 8 |              mind pity is felt. Pity may be defined as a feeling
149     II, 8 |             supposing that some evil may happen to us or some friend
150     II, 8 |       question. Those who think evil may befall them are such as
151     II, 8 |            the evils mentioned above may easily befall them. And
152     II, 8 |             that the same misfortune may befall us also. Here too
153     II, 9 |            in what states of mind we may be indignant. These questions
154     II, 9 |          cannot cause it. Thus a man may be just or brave, or acquire
155     II, 9 | distinguished marriages. Indignation may therefore properly be felt
156     II, 9 |       appropriate for him, though he may be a good man enough. It
157     II, 9 |             be a good man enough. It may also be felt when any one
158     II, 11|           which the several emotions may be produced or dissipated,
159     II, 13|             contempt for what people may think of them. They lack
160     II, 13|              to insult them. Old men may feel pity, as well as young
161     II, 17|             As to Power: here too it may fairly be said that the
162     II, 17|       regarded as most important. It may be added that good fortune
163     II, 17|        differences of age or fortune may end here; for to arrive
164     II, 18|              he were one of many; we may say, without qualification,
165     II, 18|        speeches with moral character may now be regarded as fully
166     II, 18|           propositions upon which we may base our arguments-for political,
167     II, 18|    completely by what means speeches may be invested with the required
168     II, 18|             the addition of which we may hope to complete the project
169     II, 19|          Possible and Impossible. It may plausibly be argued: That
170     II, 19|               Questions of Past Fact may be looked at in the following
171     II, 20|           the following. The speaker may argue thus: "We must prepare
172     II, 21|           the first Place, the maxim may or may not have a supplement.
173     II, 21|              Place, the maxim may or may not have a supplement. Proof
174     II, 21|              to be educated"; or you may say this first, and then
175     II, 21|           obtaining favourable omens may quote~One omen of all is
176     II, 22|       arguments about questions that may arise and are suitable for
177     II, 22|        incompatible propositions.~We may now be said to have in our
178     II, 23|            Since in this world liars may win belief,~Be sure of the
179     II, 23|            false conclusion here. It may be just that A should be
180     II, 23|              two answers differ: you may quite easily have a position
181     II, 23|            the "a fortiori". Thus it may be argued that if even the
182     II, 23|      neighbours. The argument, then, may run thus. Or it may be urged
183     II, 23|            then, may run thus. Or it may be urged that, if a thing
184     II, 23|              to give to a debate, as may be seen in the Teucer. It
185     II, 23|          yours are". Another example may be found in the Alexander. "
186     II, 23|        further instance of induction may be taken from the Law of
187     II, 23|            him even to this day. (It may be argued that peoples for
188     II, 23|              a course of action that may be done in either of two
189     II, 23|              yet seem incredible. We may argue that people could
190     II, 24|            genuine syllogisms, there may be syllogisms that look
191     II, 24|            genuine enthymemes, there may be those that look genuine
192     II, 24|            the Mysteries are. Or one may introduce, into a eulogy
193     II, 24|              Mother of Heaven:~or we may argue that, because there
194     II, 24|          Again, a spurious syllogism may, as in "eristical" discussions,
195     II, 24|          dialectic, for instance, it may be argued that what-is-not
196     II, 24|        rhetoric a spurious enthymeme may be based on the confusion
197     II, 25|              Refutation.~An argument may be refuted either by a counter-syllogism
198     II, 25|            as appears in the Topics, may be raised in four ways-either
199     II, 25|            is not always genuine: it may be spurious: for it consists
200     II, 25|           the statement attacked. It may do so in either of two ways:
201     II, 25|     Enthymemes depending on examples may be refuted in the same way
202    III, 1 |         whole question of style, but may confine ourselves to that
203    III, 2 |                                 2~We may, then, start from the observations
204    III, 2 |            not concealed. A metaphor may be amiss because the very
205    III, 2 |           the ugliness, of all words may, as Licymnius says, lie
206    III, 2 |             This is untrue. One term may describe a thing more truly
207    III, 2 |             more truly than another, may be more like it, and set
208    III, 2 |         epithets that we apply, too, may have a bad and ugly aspect,
209    III, 3 |              3~Bad taste in language may take any of four forms:~(
210    III, 3 |            region in which bad taste may be shown, metaphor. Metaphors
211    III, 3 |          Metaphors like other things may be inappropriate. Some are
212    III, 3 |             if they are far-fetched, may also be obscure. For instance,
213    III, 4 |            pleasure. All these ideas may be expressed either as similes
214    III, 4 |         shield of Dionysus, a shield may fittingly be called the
215    III, 6 |  indefinitely along these lines. You may apply this method of treatment
216    III, 9 |            breaking off abruptly, as may happen with the following
217    III, 9 |              of the words the hearer may take the meaning to be the
218    III, 9 |           the Peloponnesus.~A Period may be either divided into several
219    III, 10|                                10~We may now consider the above points
220    III, 10|          practice; but this treatise may indicate the way it is done.
221    III, 10|      indicate the way it is done. We may deal with them by enumerating
222    III, 10|            all Hellas shouted aloud" may be regarded as a metaphor,
223    III, 11|             simple" similes also: we may say that a flute-player
224    III, 11|              phrase "like so-and-so" may introduce a hyperbole under
225    III, 13|           between two policies. They may occur then; so may even
226    III, 13|              They may occur then; so may even accusation and defence,
227    III, 14|         intellectual ability. Or one may begin with a piece of advice,
228    III, 14|           orator gives advice. Or we may begin as speakers do in
229    III, 14|           speeches of display, then, may be composed of some piece
230    III, 14|             remedial in purpose, and may be used in any type of speech.
231    III, 14|            close, so that the judges may more easily remember what
232    III, 14|           try to make him laugh.~You may use any means you choose
233    III, 14|            attention, when required, may come equally well in any
234    III, 14|      described. The poet finely says May I find in Phaeacian hearts,
235    III, 14|             no introduction; but you may have to say something on
236    III, 14|          opponents; or those present may be inclined to treat the
237    III, 14|           than you wish them to. You may accordingly have to excite
238    III, 14|            want an introduction. You may also want one to add elegance
239    III, 15|             so that this distinction may be ignored. Another way
240    III, 15|           had done him wrong. Or you may admit the wrong, but balance
241    III, 15|             be eighty years old. You may balance your motive against
242    III, 16|                                16~We may now pass from the subject
243    III, 16|              opposite arguments.~You may also narrate as you go anything
244    III, 16|              noble. Where any detail may appear incredible, then
245    III, 16|               however hard the world may find it to believe that
246    III, 16|               Plenty of such details may be found in Homer:~Thus
247    III, 16|         right character, that people may regard you in that light;
248    III, 16|              easily such impressions may be conveyed we can see from
249    III, 16|          plans for the future. Or it may be employed to attack some
250    III, 17|            In political speeches you may maintain that a proposal
251    III, 17|             digressions in which you may attack your adversary, talk
252    III, 17|              if made about yourself, may excite dislike, appear tedious,
253    III, 18|         various means of refutation, may be regarded as known to
254    III, 19|          have already said. Here you may properly do what some wrongly
255    III, 19|          that the point to be judged may be quite plain; in the epilogue
256    III, 19|            have said it. Your method may be a comparison of your
257    III, 19|            of your opponent; and you may compare either the ways
258    III, 19|             my opponent proved?" You may proceed then, either in