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Aristotle
Rethoric

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1 II, 23| thought her a mortal woman.~27. Another line is to make 2 II, 2 | and ~Yea, but his rancour abideth long afterward also,~their 3 I, 15| sworn, and yet they are not abiding by their own oaths." And 4 I, 7 | majority of men, or by the ablest, must be so; either without 5 I, 4 | is superfluous, it may be abolished, or, if any is too large, 6 II, 18| which we set out. Of the above-mentioned general lines of argument, 7 III, 9 | capable of breaking off abruptly, as may happen with the 8 I, 5 | health", for they have to abstain from everything or nearly 9 II, 19| this, and try to establish abstract laws of greatness and superiority, 10 III, 16| Nowadays it is said, absurdly enough, that the narration 11 II, 6 | from another man, and then abusing him for conferring them: 12 III, 17| opponent without seeming abusive or ill-bred. Put such remarks, 13 III, 10| concerned, make an argument acceptable. So far as the style is 14 I, 3 | action; if he urges its acceptance, he does so on the ground 15 I, 9 | actually done; the mention of accessories, such as good birth and 16 I, 9 | assert coincidences and accidents to have been intended. Produce 17 I, 7 | another, but does not always accompany it, it is greater than the 18 III, 9 | are "staying behind" and "accompanying", "enough" and "larger". 19 I, 7 | natural powers. When a man accomplishes something beyond his natural 20 I, 15| those codes of law that are accounted best.-So far as the laws 21 I, 4 | to enumerate and classify accurately the usual subjects of public 22 I, 3 | concerned with the past; one man accuses the other, and the other 23 III, 6 | where one finds~Unto havens Achaean,~though only one haven is 24 III, 6 | the middle every way". To achieve conciseness, do the opposite-put 25 I, 9 | encourage or honour such achievements as his own: thus we may 26 III, 3 | frowning care of heart", and "achiever" not of "popularity" but 27 I, 10| which are supposed to be acknowledged everywhere. We do things " 28 I, 4 | means that he must be well acquainted with the lie of the country-in 29 III, 5 | are received with nods of acquiescence—~Croesus by crossing the 30 II, 3 | against Callisthenes, they acquitted him because they had condemned 31 II, 23| criminal on the slab in the Acropolis, and of erasing the record 32 | across 33 II, 2 | dreams.~Now slighting is the actively entertained opinion of something 34 I, 5 | owning them; it is really the activity-that is, the use-of property 35 III, 10| Antithesis, Metaphor, and Actuality.~Of the four kinds of Metaphor 36 III, 11| as in philosophy also an acute mind will perceive resemblances 37 II, 13| compose our speeches so as to adapt both them and ourselves 38 II, 20| Fables are suitable for addresses to popular assemblies; and 39 II, 26| parties, enthymemes being adduced to show that the fact is 40 II, 2 | kindnesses or fail to return them adequately, and with those who oppose 41 III, 12| finished: the spoken better admits of dramatic delivery-like 42 I, 6 | pretty well all the things admittedly good. In dealing with things 43 I, 3 | any concession short of admitting that they are recommending 44 I, 4 | have to argue in favour of adopting or rejecting measures regarding 45 III, 2 | from meanness, and positive adornment too, are secured by using 46 I, 15| more than balance the pleas advanced on either side.~The evidence 47 III, 2 | same, e.g. "porheueseai" (advancing) and "badizein" (proceeding); 48 II, 20| assemblies; and they have one advantage-they are comparatively easy to 49 I, 4 | states with which it is advantageous to trade.~But while he must, 50 II, 2 | anger, and to represent his adversaries as open to such charges 51 I, 9 | went well becomes a hero in adversity, or if he becomes better 52 II, 5 | Consequently, when it is advisable that the audience should 53 II, 23| Leucothea and mourn for her, he advised them not to mourn for her 54 II, 6 | those whose teachers or advisers we have been; or other people, 55 III, 17| he praises Peleus, then Aeacus, then Zeus; and in like 56 II, 20| of old did not cross the Aegean until he had seized Egypt; 57 I, 12| thinking the matter over. So Aenesidemus is said to have sent the " 58 III, 16| away scowling at me". So Aeschines described Cratylus as "hissing 59 III, 10| the mess-rooms of Attica". Aesion said that the Athenians 60 III, 3 | which is a proud and stately affair; and metaphor for iambic 61 III, 7 | praise or blame or anger or affection, as Isocrates, for instance, 62 II, 22| enthymemes. One kind proves some affirmative or negative proposition; 63 II, 2 | cases. Hence people who are afflicted by sickness or poverty or 64 II, 8 | forms, bodily injuries and afflictions, old age, diseases, lack 65 I, 11| when present are felt to afford us either great delight 66 III, 1 | ought; much help is thus afforded towards producing the right 67 I, 3 | syllogism composed of the aforesaid propositions.~Since only 68 II, 2 | his rancour abideth long afterward also,~their great resentment 69 I, 10| doer, yet through his own agency. Acts are done from habit 70 II, 3 | benefactors, or as involuntary agents, or as much distressed at 71 III, 3 | numerous and swollen and aggressive are they. For instance, 72 II, 3 | done, even slaves are less aggrieved by the actual punishment. 73 II, 2 | disregard of his poverty, a man aging war by disregard of the 74 III, 12| bring),~Nireus, the son of Aglaia (and Charopus, bright-faced 75 III, 12| moral excellence? Obviously agreeableness will be produced by the 76 II, 20| javelins in my hand". The horse agreed, and the man mounted; but 77 I, 4 | must know in order that agreements and commercial treaties 78 III, 9 | Thus, at the beginning~agron gar elaben arlon par’ autou~ 79 I, 15| not to use the laws is as ahas to have no laws at all. 80 II, 9 | from battle he shrank with Aias Telamon’s son;~Zeus had 81 III, 9 | two opposites, as "They aided both parties-not only those 82 I, 4 | books of travel are useful aids to legislation, since from 83 III, 9 | paidion tetokenai,~all autou aitlon lelonenai,~and ~en pleiotals 84 II, 5 | the absence of what causes alarm. We feel it if we can take 85 I, 9 | shameful things. So when Alcacus said~Something I fain would 86 II, 15| like the descendants of Alcibiades or of the elder Dionysius; 87 III, 16| present. The Story told to Alcinous is an example of a brief 88 II, 13| what will help them to keep alive. They are not generous, 89 I, 13| for others,~Nay, but, an all-embracing law, through the realms 90 I, 9 | him that qualities closely allied to those which he actually 91 III, 14| the lines—~But now when allotment of all has been made...~ 92 I, 11| himself,~To that each day allots most time, wherein~He is 93 I, 1 | of each particular case allow. In this it resembles all 94 II, 25| has concluded that "that allowance ought to be made for drunken 95 II, 2 | kings, whose father is Zeus almighty,~and ~Yea, but his rancour 96 I, 9 | possessed by one person alone-these last are more readily remembered 97 III, 10| Till all Hellas shouted aloud" may be regarded as a metaphor, 98 II, 23| to examine here.~And when Alphesiboea asks what he means, he rejoins:~ 99 III, 11| that an arbitrator and an altar were the same, since the 100 III, 1 | language of tragedy has altered its character. Just as iambics 101 III, 11| are uttered. Jokes made by altering the letters of a word consist 102 II, 20| giving evidence, and this alway tells. For the same reason, 103 II, 8 | ourselves. For this reason Amasis did not weep, they say, 104 III, 12| to hear spoken, but look amateurish enough when they pass into 105 II, 6 | their attitude to us has amounted to admiration so far: that 106 II, 12| of Pittacusremark about Amphiaraus. They look at the good side 107 II, 3 | angry, as when they are amusing themselves or laughing or 108 II, 20| power of thinking out your analogy, a power developed by intellectual 109 II, 18| in the law-courts. Having analysed these subjects, we will 110 II, 1 | must be gathered from the analysis of goodness already given: 111 II, 23| Lampsacus gave public burial to Anaxagoras, though he was an alien, 112 II, 15| and good birth implies ancestral distinction. The well-born 113 III, 11| Or you might say that an anchor and an overhead hook were 114 III, 9 | d’ an epaoes deinon, ei andrh’ eides arhgon;~It is possible 115 II, 23| credible. An example is what Androcles of the deme Pitthus said 116 III, 4 | are examples of similes. Androtion said of Idrieus that he 117 II, 2 | the jeering. Again, we are angrier with our friends than with 118 II, 5 | dead-if they are to feel the anguish of uncertainty, there must 119 I, 11| yourself-e.g. children or animals-you do not value: not for its 120 III, 5 | work out properly if you annex to two terms a third which 121 II, 8 | tend to destroy pain and annihilate; and all such evils as are 122 II, 1 | they are indifferent or annoyed, they do not think so.~There 123 II, 21| tells him, "Nothing is more annoying than having neighbours", 124 II, 10| thing in question; this annoys us, and excites envy in 125 III, 10| over thirty per cent per annum to him, instead of a mere 126 III, 11| they convey. Thus,~Downward anon to the valley rebounded 127 II, 23| results are the same their antecedents are also the same. For instance, 128 II, 13| cowardly, and are always anticipating danger; unlike that of the 129 II, 23| is at our own intelligent anticipation; or those which we follow 130 III, 17| the Philippus and in the Antidosis, and Archilochus in his 131 III, 6 | 6) And the practice of Antimachus, too, is useful-to describe 132 III, 4 | s lips with the spittle. Antisthenes compared the lean Cephisodotus 133 III, 9 | Melanippides for writing instead of antistrophic stanzas—~He that sets traps 134 III, 9 | There are also spurious antitheses, like that of Epicharmus—~ 135 III, 11| but the more briefly and antithetically such sayings can be expressed, 136 I, 9 | noble for which men strive anxiously, without feeling fear; for 137 I, 12| easily be stowed away almost anywhere-portable objects that you can stow 138 II, 23| Aphrodite,~Her name and Folly’s (aphrosuns) lightly begin alike,~and 139 III, 15| to both calumniator and apologist. Since a given action can 140 I, 10| pleasures escape from painful or apparently painful things and the exchange 141 III, 17| no man"." Or if you are appealing to the emotions: "I do not 142 III, 1 | rhetoric being concerned with appearances, we must pay attention to 143 II, 23| demonstrative, those are most applauded of which we foresee the 144 III, 18| is in difficulties, and applauds his discomfiture. In other 145 I, 2 | enthymemes excite the louder applause. The sources of examples 146 II, 5 | or the most important, appliances of war. Also if we have 147 III, 12| aspects and in its special applications to the various branches 148 I, 7 | many" and "few".~Now we are applying the term "good" to what 149 I, 1 | the approximately true are apprehended by the same faculty; it 150 II, 21| kind of speaker, they will appropriately form part of a speech. This 151 II, 6 | making loud professions, and appropriating the merits of others; for 152 I, 1 | logic. The true and the approximately true are apprehended by 153 I, 15| of perjury: and you may aptly quote the saying of Xenophanes,~" 154 III, 7 | in all other cases.~This aptness of language is one thing 155 II, 23| not going to the court of Archelaus. He said that "one is insulted 156 I, 15| reply Plato had made to Archibius, "It has become the regular 157 III, 11| in things far apart. Thus Archytas said that an arbitrator 158 II, 4 | not with them as when we are-which is why all men feel friendly 159 II, 26| as a line of enthymematic argument-a general class embracing 160 III, 17| should be employed in the Arguments-and in the Narration too-since 161 II, 18| upon which we may base our arguments-for political, for ceremonial, 162 III, 9 | deinon, ei andrh’ eides arhgon;~It is possible for the 163 I, 7 | two sets of consequences arising from two different beginnings 164 III, 2 | instance, the banter of Aristophanes in the Babylonians where 165 I, 2 | properties of magnitudes, arithmetic about numbers, and the same 166 III, 9 | beginning~agron gar elaben arlon par’ autou~and ~dorhetoi 167 II, 23| Pitthus said in his well-known arraignment of the law. The audience 168 II, 1 | their opposites. We must arrange what we have to say about 169 III, 16| just, &c. A speech thus arranged is comparatively simple, 170 II, 17| mild and becoming form of arrogance. If they wrong others, they 171 III, 11| remorseless;~and ~The (bitter) arrow flew;~and ~Flying on eagerly;~ 172 I, 4 | what imported; and what articles must be exported or imported. 173 III, 12| little room for rhetorical artifices, since he can take the whole 174 III, 2 | Naturalness is persuasive, artificiality is the contrary; for our 175 III, 2 | speaking naturally and not artificially. Naturalness is persuasive, 176 III, 2 | but they call themselves "artists": each of these terms is 177 II, 9 | unjust, and that is why we ascribe indignation even to the 178 III, 14| warfare to Europe~Out of the Asian land...~The tragic poets, 179 III, 2 | may have a bad and ugly aspect, as when Orestes is called 180 II, 17| the wealthy, because they aspire to do the great deeds that 181 II, 11| being understood that no one aspires to things which appear impossible. 182 II, 24| weakling be tried for violent assault-the defence is that he was not 183 I, 15| like silver, and must be assayed by the judges, if the genuine 184 I, 2 | latter kind will fail to win assent, because they are based 185 II, 24| the former it can only be asserted in the special sense mentioned. 186 II, 23| line of argument is the assertion that some possible motive 187 III, 17| moral character: there are assertions which, if made about yourself, 188 III, 2 | course they were daughters of asses too. The same effect is 189 II, 6 | them in his speech on land assignments in Samos, when he told the 190 I, 11| people at a distance; his associates and fellow-countrymen better 191 I, 13| even on those who have no association or covenant with each other. 192 II, 23| exist. This line of proof assumes generally that the result 193 II, 23| are to make either such assumptions or their opposite, as suits 194 I, 6 | thing. We ought therefore to assure ourselves of the main facts 195 I, 6 | Odysseus was distinguished by Athena, Helen by Theseus, Paris 196 III, 11| Golden,~Defter of hand than Athene...~(The Attic orators are 197 I, 5 | do all is an "all-round" athlete.~Happiness in old age is 198 III, 9 | Hellespont and cutting through Athos"; "nature gave them their 199 III, 11| But her, the daughter of Atreusson, I never will marry,~ 200 I, 7 | is a better thing which attaches to better men, either absolutely, 201 III, 1 | stage. But only very slight attempts to deal with them have been 202 III, 14| attention. He will be ready to attend to anything that touches 203 II, 6 | come to grief, since their attitude to us has amounted to admiration 204 II, 4 | anger or to hatred, we can attribute it to whichever of these 205 III, 6 | describe a thing by mentioning attributes it does not possess; as 206 II, 22| when addressing popular audiences-makes them, as the poets tell 207 II, 24| gives its name to the most august of all religious rites-for 208 I, 7 | or enemies, or, again, by authorized judges or those whom they 209 I, 1 | private individuals, these authors say nothing about political 210 II, 23| or one’s teachers. Thus Autocles said, when attacking Mixidemides, 211 II, 24| some he saved-others he avenged-the Greeks he freed". Each of 212 III, 2 | is called his "father’s avenger". Simonides, when the victor 213 I, 12| you may, incidentally, be avenging your father or mother, like 214 I, 9 | if one who was just an average person when all went well 215 I, 13| definite person; the man who avoids service in the army is doing 216 I, 11| and in each man’s heart he awakened~the love of lament.~Revenge, 217 I, 14| or if the report of it awakes more terror than pity. There 218 II, 10| for whom our pity, or the award of something desirable, 219 III, 9 | fools succeed"; "they were awarded the prize of valour immediately, 220 III, 14| hand, censures them for awarding distinctions to fine athletes 221 II, 10| reputation. Hence the line:~Ay, kin can even be jealous 222 III, 16| purpose: e.g. "I willed this; aye, it was my moral purpose; 223 III, 2 | banter of Aristophanes in the Babylonians where he uses "goldlet" 224 II, 20| you let him get on to your backs by giving him a bodyguard, 225 II, 5 | since most men tend to be bad-slaves to greed, and cowards in 226 III, 19| represent people as good or bad-this has been already explained.~( 227 III, 2 | porheueseai" (advancing) and "badizein" (proceeding); these two 228 III, 16| what the man said to the baker who asked whether he was 229 III, 11| right way, antithetical, and balanced, and at the same time it 230 I, 11| games like knuckle-bones, ball, dice, and draughts. And 231 III, 2 | Take, for instance, the banter of Aristophanes in the Babylonians 232 II, 22| gallant allies against the barbarians (Aegina, Potidaea, &c.), 233 III, 1 | with no help beyond the bare facts: nothing, therefore, 234 II, 23| before doing the deed I had bargained that, if I did it, I should 235 I, 9 | wert yearning,~If to speak baseness were thy tongue not burning,~ 236 III, 11| would have thought he was a basket of mulberries"; here the " 237 III, 14| and thy gilts, and thy battle-spoils....~In prologues, and in 238 III, 11| Niceratus, who had been beaten by Pratys in a recitation 239 | became 240 I, 9 | not to live at another’s beck and call. We are also to 241 II, 8 | the impossibility of evil befalling them will be included, this 242 I, 6 | them. So are things which befit the possessors, such as 243 III, 18| become you. Irony better befits a gentleman than buffoonery; 244 II, 24| argument points out that beggars sing and dance in temples, 245 II, 4 | potter and builder to builder begrudge their reward.~And those 246 III, 17| appeal to his father on behalf of Antigone as if it were 247 I, 12| as Callippus had when he behaved as he did to Dion: here 248 II, 3 | against the dead Hector,~For behold in his fury he doeth despite 249 III, 17| conclusions are more familiar and believable than the premisses from 250 II, 17| produces the types of character belonging to the conditions just described, 251 I, 11| the poet says,~To that he bends himself,~To that each day 252 I, 14| whereby a man wrongs his benefactors-for he does more than one wrong, 253 I, 9 | If virtue is a faculty of beneficence, the highest kinds of it 254 I, 11| to attain. It is because beneficent acts are pleasant that people 255 II, 23| justly" would always mean "beneficially", whereas it is not desirable 256 III, 9 | to possess in life or to bequeath at death". There is also 257 III, 12| came to him; I met him; I besought him". Such passages must 258 I, 5 | present is not only the bestowal of a piece of property, 259 II, 23| met with his misfortune he betook himself to Evagoras without 260 II, 13| but following the hint of Bias they love as though they 261 I, 15| have written,~Pray thee, bid the red-haired Critias do 262 III, 3 | Philomela". Considering her as a bird, you could not call her 263 III, 4 | chain, that flies at you and bites you-Idrieus too was savage 264 III, 17| intersperse your speech with bits of episodic eulogy, like 265 II, 13| neither love warmly nor hate bitterly, but following the hint 266 I, 11| is done on compulsion is bitterness unto the soul.~So all acts 267 I, 1 | themselves, and they must be blamed accordingly. Moreover, ( 268 III, 12| mentioned, namely by a good blending of ordinary and unusual 269 II, 24| because Pindar said:~O thou blessed one!~Thou whom they of Olympus 270 II, 21| truth, e.g.~Chiefest of blessings is health for a man, as 271 I, 9 | would do it. To call any one blest is, it may be added, the 272 II, 3 | and for what he had been blinded. Consequently we do not 273 I, 7 | more like it. Accordingly, blinding a one-eyed man inflicts 274 II, 5 | no chance of retrieving a blunder either no chance at all, 275 II, 4 | their opinions, we need not blush before them for doing what 276 II, 23| of Antiphon: ~To slay no boar, but to be witnesses~Of 277 II, 6 | others; for this is due to boastfulness. The same is true of the 278 III, 4 | but go on crying; and the Boeotians to holm-oaks, because they 279 II, 23| Thrasymachus, "You are always bold in battle"; of Polus, "you 280 I, 15| and timid men are full of boldness till they see the ordeal 281 I, 4 | From this we can see that books of travel are useful aids 282 I, 2 | sign that she has lately borne a child". Here we have the 283 II, 6 | off than yourself; so also borrowing when it will seem like begging; 284 I, 12| feelings; but no man by both-they will affect people of quite 285 II, 5 | steps-many, or important, or both-to cure or prevent trouble; 286 III, 9 | have come to you here and bought you". All these passages 287 III, 11| the valley rebounded the boulder remorseless;~and ~The (bitter) 288 III, 11| Nicon is Thracian. Or again: Boulei auton persai. In both these 289 II, 24| they gnawed through the bowstrings. Or it might be maintained 290 I, 5 | the right blow is a good boxer: he who can do both the 291 II, 23| why, though he is really braver than Ajax, he is not thought 292 I, 7 | term "temperate", then "bravery" is more desirable than " 293 II, 22| that he slew Hector, the bravest of the Trojans, and Cycnus 294 III, 2 | utterance. Thus Dionysius the Brazen in his elegies calls poetry " 295 I, 5 | in height, thickness, and breadth by just as much as will 296 III, 11| fury drove~full through his breastbone.~In all these examples the 297 III, 9 | whole, that is; not by fresh breath being taken at the division. 298 III, 9 | easily delivered at a single breath-as a whole, that is; not by 299 I, 2 | be true, since a man may breathe hard without having a fever.~ 300 I, 2 | saying, "The fact that he breathes fast is a sign that he has 301 I, 2 | statement about the fast breathing be true, since a man may 302 I, 9 | father, whose husband, whose~brethren were princes all.~Since 303 III, 11| new idea more firmly and brevity more quickly. They should 304 II, 23| you", he asked, "take a bribe to betray the fleet?" "No", 305 III, 9 | march through the sea, by bridging the Hellespont and cutting 306 II, 20| Yes, if you will let me bridle you and get on to your back 307 II, 20| already let yourselves be bridled. If you let him get on to 308 III, 16| Alcinous is an example of a brief chronicle, when it is repeated 309 III, 12| of Aglaia (and Charopus, bright-faced king),~Nireus, the comeliest 310 III, 10| similes, give an effect of brilliance. The simile, as has been 311 III, 14| players play first some brilliant passage they know well and 312 II, 2 | is why we get angry with bringers of bad news. And with those 313 II, 22| Educated men lay down broad general principles; uneducated 314 II, 18| treated as the judges of it. Broadly speaking, however, the only 315 III, 7 | fame" and "in that they brooked". Men do speak in this strain 316 I, 5 | for instance, all your brothers are ugly, but you are handsome 317 I, 14| if a crime is specially brutal, or specially deliberate: 318 III, 2 | argument of the sophist Bryson, that there is no such thing 319 III, 18| jokes to amuse himself, the buffoon to amuse other people.~ 320 III, 18| befits a gentleman than buffoonery; the ironical man jokes 321 I, 7 | slaughter the men, when the burg is~wasted with ravening 322 III, 11| have. They are like the burlesque words that one finds in 323 I, 9 | baseness were thy tongue not burning,~No load of shame would 324 I, 15| Antigone pleads that in burying her brother she had broken 325 II, 23| amounts to the proverbial "buying the marsh with the salt". 326 III, 12| words, by the rhythm, and by-the persuasiveness that springs 327 III, 16| whether he was to make the cake hard or soft: "What, can’ 328 II, 19| the result, or anger, or calculation, prompting it. That the 329 III, 2 | his elegies calls poetry "Calliope’s screech". Poetry and screeching 330 II, 5 | horror already and have grown callous about the future, like men 331 II, 5 | human beings face danger calmly: they may have no experience 332 II, 3 | opposite of growing angry, and calmness the opposite of anger, we 333 III, 17| simultaneous motions tend to cancel each other either completely 334 II, 4 | mistakes, and those who are not cantankerous or quarrelsome-such people 335 III, 4 | are compared to a ship’s captain who is strong but a little 336 III, 16| where Antigone says she had cared more for her brother than 337 I, 9 | ancestors or of his own past career. For it makes for happiness, 338 I, 12| his ancestors, or those he cares for; as the proverb says, " 339 II, 13| shy, but shameless rather; caring less for what is noble than 340 II, 6 | injustice. Also, having carnal intercourse with forbidden 341 III, 11| have once more the man of Carpathus and his hare", says he. 342 I, 12| those think who plunder the Carthaginians. They may be those who are 343 II, 24| but it is not so in every case-only when it is unprovoked.~9. 344 II, 8 | the pitiful; it tends to cast out pity, and often helps 345 III, 14| otherwise they will have a casual air, like Gorgiaseulogy 346 III, 7 | that we must neither speak casually about weighty matters, nor 347 III, 8 | recurrences, just as children catch up the herald’s question, " 348 III, 9 | us all,~But the preluder catches it worst.~Which applies 349 II, 7 | we must look at all the categories: an act may be an act of 350 II, 25| there would be no talk of "Caunian love" if there were not 351 III, 11| host following~host without ceasing.~Here he represents everything 352 III, 10| on fields of battle; they celebrate small gains and single successes; 353 III, 2 | words are said. Thus in the celebrated riddle~I marked how a man 354 III, 10| and single successes; it celebrates our triumph in the war as 355 III, 18| Lampon about the way of celebrating the rites of the Saviour 356 I, 5 | land; front seats at civic celebrations; state burial; statues; 357 III, 10| was worth over thirty per cent per annum to him, instead 358 II, 22| probabilities as well as upon certainties.~The first thing we have 359 I, 2 | absolutely true where exact certainty is impossible and opinions 360 III, 4 | that he was let out of his chains. Theodamas compared Archidamus 361 III, 9 | staoenai chalkous ouk axios on chalkou;~Of the same word repeated, ~ 362 III, 9 | word is~axios de staoenai chalkous ouk axios on chalkou;~Of 363 II, 2 | honourable men bound to champion-our parents, children, wives, 364 I, 3 | praise Achilles because he championed his fallen friend Patroclus, 365 II, 12| of self-control. They are changeable and fickle in their desires, 366 I, 12| things that can easily be changed in shape, colour, or combination, 367 I, 15| equity are permanent and changeless, and that the universal 368 III, 11| by jokes depending upon changes of the letters of a word; 369 II, 19| amplification through these channels. To go further than this, 370 I, 9 | required view of our own characters-our second method of persuasion. 371 II, 24| accused is not open to the charge-for instance if a weakling be 372 II, 24| But if he is open to the charge-i.e. if he is a strong man-the 373 II, 23| mercenaries as Strabax and Charidemus, as a reward of their merits; 374 III, 17| and puts into the mouth of Charon the carpenter the lampoon 375 III, 12| the son of Aglaia (and Charopus, bright-faced king),~Nireus, 376 I, 14| since legal punishment and chastisement are the proper cure. Or 377 II, 2 | misfortunes or simply keep cheerful in the midst of our misfortunes, 378 II, 21| Mortal creatures ought to cherish mortal, not immortal thoughts.~ 379 II, 23| of his bitter tongue; the Chians Homer, though he was not 380 II, 21| already a known truth, e.g.~Chiefest of blessings is health for 381 I, 2 | that she has lately borne a child". Here we have the infallible 382 II, 13| fear is, in fact, a form of chill. They love life; and all 383 II, 13| warm-blooded, their temperament is chilly; old age has paved the way 384 III, 9 | preludes that Democritus of Chios jeered at Melanippides for 385 III, 14| difficult, or hackneyed; like Choerilus in the lines—~But now when 386 II, 20| select athletes, instead of choosing those who are fit for the 387 III, 11| Ares", and a bow is the "chordless lyre". This way of putting 388 III, 16| is an example of a brief chronicle, when it is repeated to 389 III, 3 | formed, like "pastime" (chronotribein); but if this is much done, 390 III, 8 | Dalogenes | eite Luki | an,~and ~Chruseokom | a Ekate | pai Dios.~The 391 II, 15| like the descendants of Cimon, Pericles, and Socrates.~ 392 III, 6 | of naming it: do not say "circle", but "that surface which 393 III, 12| to be read are read and circulated: Chaeremon, for instance, 394 III, 5 | for instance, by his long circumlocutions imposes on his hearers; 395 II, 3 | was Odysseus, sacker of cities,~implying that Odysseus 396 I, 5 | of land; front seats at civic celebrations; state burial; 397 III, 4 | were ruining one another by civil wars just as one oak causes 398 II, 10| something desirable, is claimed are such as have been described, 399 I, 1 | the case to satisfy the claims of justice and expediency. 400 III, 18| was right. jests have been classified in the Poetics. Some are 401 II, 3 | despite to the senseless clay.~It is now plain that when 402 II, 4 | And towards those who are cleanly in their person, their dress, 403 I, 10| subject has already been cleared up in part in our discussion 404 III, 12| not deliver such things cleverly, it becomes a case of "the 405 II, 20| Samos", said Aesop, "my client will do you no further harm; 406 I, 7 | by piling up facts in a climax after the manner of Epicharmus. 407 III, 2 | uses "goldlet" for "gold", "cloaklet" for "cloak", "scoffiet" 408 III, 13| opponent? or an epilogue in closely-reasoned speeches? Again, introduction, 409 III, 14| with such matters in the closing part of his speech. The 410 III, 3 | the forest trees", and "he clothed" not "his body" but "his 411 II, 19| happened; thus, if it is clouding over, it is likely to rain. 412 III, 2 | King of the oar, on Mysia’s coast he landed,~is inappropriate; 413 I, 13| of a community’s written code of law. This is what we 414 I, 15| what is forbidden by those codes of law that are accounted 415 III, 17| demonstrative ones: their logical cogency is more striking: the facts 416 II, 22| his arguments are strictly cogent or not: not all facts can 417 I, 9 | therefore we must assert coincidences and accidents to have been 418 I, 5 | of wealth are: plenty of coined money and territory; the 419 I, 9 | that the cautious man is cold-blooded and treacherous, and that 420 III, 9 | men in a race faint and collapse; while they see the end 421 II, 24| other facts; but the mere collocation of them gives the impression 422 III, 7 | wrong as "heaven-high" or "colossal"; and we excuse such language 423 II, 23| Polus, "you are always a colt"; and of the legislator 424 I, 15| best to prove this and to combat the law thereby. If however 425 I, 11| victory implies of course that combative sports and intellectual 426 I, 5 | happiness as prosperity combined with virtue; or as independence 427 III, 12| bright-faced king),~Nireus, the comeliest man (of all that to Ilium’ 428 I, 10| effeminate in matters of comfort, and the coward where danger 429 I, 5 | honour are: sacrifices; commemoration, in verse or prose; privileges; 430 III, 19| the natural thing is to commend yourself, censure him, and 431 II, 19| begins to occur; thus the commensurability of the diagonal of a square 432 I, 4 | order that agreements and commercial treaties may be made with 433 I, 14| written laws: for the man who commits crimes for which terrible 434 III, 11| to be true without being commonplace-two requirements not always 435 II, 23| more if my quarrel with the commons had been inscribed on the 436 III, 12| tongue when you wish to communicate something to the general 437 I, 13| lands"; that he has been in communication with the enemy, but not 438 I, 5 | industry that is not sordid. Communities as well as individuals should 439 III, 14| my coming, goodwill and compassion; and these are the two things 440 II, 22| formed by the conjunction of compatible propositions; the refutative, 441 III, 12| style, and poets for actors competent to act in such plays. Yet 442 II, 6 | those with whom we are competing, and those whose opinion 443 I, 7 | which is considered so by competitors or enemies, or, again, by 444 I, 6 | Corinthians hath Ilium no complaint.)~Again, that is good which 445 II, 11| are held in honour.~This completes our discussion of the means 446 III, 2 | And if you wish to pay a compliment, you must take your metaphor 447 III, 3 | way all these words are compounded makes them, we feel, fit 448 III, 3 | see why the language of compounds is just the thing for writers 449 I, 4 | reducing their expenditure. A comprehensive view of these questions 450 I, 6 | this reason the Corinthians conceived themselves to be insulted 451 I, 11| the soul.~So all acts of concentration, strong effort, and strain 452 I, 7 | than that other. For this conception of "productive of a greater" 453 I, 10| the coward where danger is concerned-his terror makes him abandon 454 I, 3 | political orators often make any concession short of admitting that 455 I, 1 | oratory this is not enough; to conciliate the listener is what pays 456 III, 12| from appropriateness.~This concludes our discussion of style, 457 II, 5 | fact is that anger makes us confident-that anger is excited by our 458 III, 1 | question of style, but may confine ourselves to that part of 459 I, 15| of our opponent. Now for confirming or upsetting the credibility 460 III, 13| introduction, comparison of conflicting arguments, and recapitulation 461 I, 1 | our part may be able to confute him. No other of the arts 462 I, 5 | was; and these no one can congratulate on their "health", for they 463 III, 6 | conciseness, dispense with connectives, while still preserving 464 I, 10| all deliberate acts are conscious-no one is ignorant of what 465 I, 11| Further, pleasure is the consciousness through the senses of a 466 III, 1 | things affect the result considerably, owing to the defects of 467 III, 2 | Further, there is a third consideration-one that upsets the fallacious 468 II, 20| argument has two varieties; one consisting in the mention of actual 469 II, 23| is devoted to you, yet he conspired with the Thirty." (2) Referring 470 III, 12| of unconnected words, and constant repetitions of words and 471 II, 7 | the help. Natural cravings constitute such needs; and in particular 472 II, 23| gratitude to such~As were constrained to do the good they did 473 I, 10| consciously and without constraint. (Not all voluntary acts 474 II, 26| a different species from Constructive. For it is clear that refutation 475 II, 23| Hegesippus, having previously consulted Zeus at Olympia, asked Apollo 476 I, 12| things that can rapidly be consumed like eatables are concerned, 477 III, 4 | frankincense, because it was his consumption that gave one pleasure. 478 III, 12| actual tussle, and therefore contain many dramatic touches, which, 479 III, 16| speech is a composition containing two parts. One of these 480 II, 23| Another line is, when a contemplated action is inconsistent with 481 I, 11| better than strangers; his contemporaries better than posterity; sensible 482 II, 3 | treated seriously and not contemptuously. Also towards those who 483 II, 25| and more frequent, we must contend that the present case is 484 II, 9 | the inferior in any sense contends with his superior; a musician, 485 I, 1 | such as what must be the contents of the "introduction" or 486 III, 17| not contingent-there is no contingency in what has now already 487 III, 17| demonstrated, because not contingent-there is no contingency in what 488 III, 18| show that your opponent is contradicting either his own words or 489 II, 23| noting any contrasts or contradictions of dates, acts, or words 490 II, 23| opponent’s case by noting any contrasts or contradictions of dates, 491 I, 15| must see if the contract contravenes either universal law or 492 I, 2 | revealed by the speaker contributes nothing to his power of 493 II, 2 | predisposed, by the emotion now controlling him, to his own particular 494 III, 9 | have often wondered at the conveners of national gatherings and 495 I, 12| you do it in, or by some convenient means of disposal.~You may 496 II, 6 | the latter of what seem conventional ones.~The conditions under 497 III, 2 | others-are used by everybody in conversation. We can now see that a good 498 I, 9 | the praise into which we convert it must have one or other 499 III, 11| succeeds best when it is a converted metaphor, for it is possible 500 III, 2 | very syllables of the words conveying it fail to indicate sweetness 501 III, 10| age a withered stalk", he conveys a new idea, a new fact,


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