Book, Paragraph

  1      I,  1 |           an outline survey of the species of reasoning. In general,
  2      I,  7 |    differences in respect of their species, as one man and another,
  3      I,  7 |           that fall under the same species are said to be "specifically
  4      I,  7 |          same" in view of unity of species. For all such things seem
  5      I,  7 |          same" in view of unity of species. It is generally supposed
  6      I,  12|          must distinguish how many species there are of dialectical
  7      I,  15|  differentiae.~Moreover, since the species is never the differentia
  8      I,  15|           under the same term be a species and another a differentia,
  9      I,  15|          as applied to a body is a species of colour, whereas in the
 10     II,  2 |           is never ascribed to the species in an inflected form, but
 11     II,  2 |            are predicated of their species literally; for the species
 12     II,  2 |         species literally; for the species take on both the name and
 13     II,  2 |            something. Look at them species by species, and not in their
 14     II,  2 |            Look at them species by species, and not in their infinite
 15     II,  4 |           genus and relates to the species: for "to judge" is the genus
 16     II,  4 |            it may proceed from the species to the genus: for all the
 17     II,  4 |      attributes that belong to the species belong to the genus as well;
 18     II,  4 |          should belong also to the species; for "animal" is flying
 19     II,  4 |           hand, that belong to the species must of necessity belong
 20     II,  4 |         genus do not belong to the species either; whereas all those
 21     II,  4 |            that are wanting to the species are not of necessity wanting
 22     II,  4 |          necessity have one of its species predicated of them, and
 23     II,  4 |            possessed of one of its species or be described by terms
 24     II,  4 |            derived from one of its species (e.g. if to anything the
 25     II,  4 |           be moved with any of the species of motion; whether (e.g.)
 26     II,  4 |           forth with all the other species of motion. For if it be
 27     II,  4 |         soul moves with one of the species of motion, clearly it does
 28     II,  4 |           not move with any of the species of motion, clearly it does
 29    III,  3 |            that belong to the same species one which possesses the
 30    III,  3 |         the peculiar virtue of the species is more desirable than one
 31    III,  6 |             dividing them by their species until you come to those
 32    III,  6 |            by enumerating how many species there are of movement: for
 33     IV,  1 |            the members of the same species. Secondly, see whether it
 34     IV,  1 |          whether the genus and the species be not found in the same
 35     IV,  1 |           the same division as the species: for if the species be a
 36     IV,  1 |            the species: for if the species be a substance, so too should
 37     IV,  1 |           be the genus, and if the species be a quality, so too the
 38     IV,  1 |            Clearly, therefore, the species partake of the genera, but
 39     IV,  1 |          but not the genera of the species: for the species admits
 40     IV,  1 |            of the species: for the species admits the definition of
 41     IV,  1 |         does not admit that of the species. You must look, therefore,
 42     IV,  1 |            possibly partake of the species, e.g. if any one were to
 43     IV,  1 |          the genus partakes of the species: for of everything that
 44     IV,  1 |           be anything of which the species rendered is true, while
 45     IV,  1 |           the objects of which the species is predicated, the genus
 46     IV,  1 |           to partake of any of its species: for it is impossible that
 47     IV,  1 |          not partake of any of its species, except it be one of the
 48     IV,  1 |            except it be one of the species reached by the first division:
 49     IV,  1 |          not partake of any of the species, and therefore not of the
 50     IV,  1 |  necessarily partake of one of the species as well: so that pleasure
 51     IV,  1 |            pleasure could not be a species of Motion, nor yet be one
 52     IV,  1 |       partake in the genus and the species, as (e.g.) an individual
 53     IV,  1 |            opinion" could not be a species of being: for the genus
 54     IV,  1 |          wider denotation than the species. Again, see if the species
 55     IV,  1 |         species. Again, see if the species and its genus have an equal
 56     IV,  1 |         one were to be stated as a species and the other as its genus,
 57     IV,  1 |          wider denotation than the species and its differentia: for
 58     IV,  1 |            differ as regards their species from indivisible: for straight
 59     IV,  1 |        each other as regards their species.~
 60     IV,  2 |           other genus of the given species which neither embraces the
 61     IV,  2 |         accepted that whenever one species falls under two genera,
 62     IV,  2 |          all are predicated of the species, and predicated in the category
 63     IV,  2 |        should be predicated of the species in the category of essence.
 64     IV,  2 |            genera, partakes of the species: for the higher genus does
 65     IV,  2 |          admitted to belong to the species, only it be disputed whether
 66     IV,  2 |        genera is predicated of the species in the category of essence.
 67     IV,  2 |           predicated at all of the species, will be predicated of it
 68     IV,  2 |        genera is predicated of the species in the category of essence:
 69     IV,  2 |          not partake of any of the species of motion produced by the
 70     IV,  2 |        partakes also of one of the species produced by the first division
 71     IV,  2 |          things of which the given species is predicated as genus,
 72     IV,  2 |           very things of which the species is so predicated, and likewise
 73     IV,  2 |         those objects of which the species too is predicated in the
 74     IV,  2 |          those things of which the species too is predicated. If establishing
 75     IV,  2 |          be that the genus and the species will be predicated of the
 76     IV,  2 |          is not subordinate to the species, clearly the species would
 77     IV,  2 |           the species, clearly the species would be subordinate to
 78     IV,  2 |            apply both to the given species and to the objects which
 79     IV,  2 |       objects which partake of the species. For of necessity the definitions
 80     IV,  2 |          must be predicated of the species and of the objects which
 81     IV,  2 |       objects which partake of the species: if, then, there be anywhere
 82     IV,  2 |       differentia of number, not a species. Nor is the differentia
 83     IV,  2 |           genus is always either a species or an individual, whereas
 84     IV,  2 |           differentia is neither a species nor an individual. Clearly,
 85     IV,  2 |            so that "odd" too is no species but a differentia, seeing
 86     IV,  2 |        placed the genus inside the species, e.g. by taking "contact"
 87     IV,  2 |         things. Clearly, also, the species, in the instances given,
 88     IV,  2 |         the differentia inside the species, by taking (e.g.) "immortal"
 89     IV,  2 |            result will be that the species has an equal or wider denotation:
 90     IV,  2 |          wider denotation than the species. Moreover, see whether he
 91     IV,  2 |            predicated of the given species, neither will the genus
 92     IV,  2 |          Moreover, see whether the species is naturally prior and abolishes
 93     IV,  2 |            absent from the alleged species, e.g. for "movement" to
 94     IV,  2 |          differentia accompany the species, as long as it exists.~
 95     IV,  3 |          Moreover, see whether the species shares in any character
 96     IV,  3 |            the soul could not be a species of number.~You should look
 97     IV,  3 |         look and see, also, if the species be a homonym of the genus,
 98     IV,  3 |  homonymity: for the genus and the species are synonymous.~Seeing that
 99     IV,  3 |       genus there is more than one species, look and see if it be impossible
100     IV,  3 |            there should be another species than the given one belonging
101     IV,  3 |           always predicated of its species in its literal sense, whereas "
102     IV,  3 |       there be any contrary of the species, examine it. The examination
103     IV,  3 |           in the same genus as the species, supposing the genus to
104     IV,  3 |         see if the contrary of the species be found in the contrary
105     IV,  3 |          of necessity the contrary species must be in the contrary
106     IV,  3 |        whether the contrary of the species be not found in any genus
107     IV,  3 |    Moreover, see if both genus and species be contrary to something,
108     IV,  3 |      intermediary, so should their species as well, and if the species
109     IV,  3 |        species as well, and if the species have, so should their genera
110     IV,  3 |       pairs, i.e. both between the species and between the genera,
111     IV,  3 |        whether the contrary of the species be found in the same genus,
112     IV,  3 |          genus has a contrary, the species has none; for if the genus
113     IV,  3 |            anything, so too is the species, as virtue to vice and justice
114     IV,  3 |        particular disease, being a species of disease, e.g. fever and
115     IV,  3 |        whether the contrary of the species be found in the genus stated,
116     IV,  3 |           found in it, clearly the species in question is found in
117     IV,  3 |            see if the intermediate species is found in the genus stated:
118     IV,  3 |          whether also the contrary species is found in the contrary
119     IV,  3 |            if so, clearly also the species in question is found in
120     IV,  3 |            and the co-ordinates of species and genus, and see whether
121     IV,  4 |             If the opposite of the species be a privation, there are
122     IV,  4 |          opposed to both genus and species, but the opposite of the
123     IV,  4 |            but the opposite of the species be not found in the opposite
124     IV,  4 |             then neither could the species rendered be in the genus
125     IV,  4 |           way: for if the opposite species be found in the opposite
126     IV,  4 |      opposite genus, then also the species in question would be found
127     IV,  4 |         negations of the genus and species and convert the order of
128     IV,  4 |            predicated, none of the species is predicated either. Also,
129     IV,  4 |        genus of "pleasant".~If the species be a relative term, see
130     IV,  4 |           term as well: for if the species be a relative term, so too
131     IV,  4 |           is no necessity that the species should be so as well: for "
132     IV,  4 |             Again, see whether the species fails to be used in the
133     IV,  4 |          whether the genus and the species be used in the same way
134     IV,  4 |           all the rest. For as the species is used, so should the genus
135     IV,  4 |             Again, see whether the species and the genus fail to be
136     IV,  4 |          number of things with the species. Or possibly it is not universally
137     IV,  4 |          not universally true that species and genus are used in relation
138     IV,  4 |             if the opposite of the species have the opposite of the
139     IV,  4 |          the genus of the opposite species. If, then, any one were
140     IV,  5 |       certain sense upon the given species, but neither of them is
141     IV,  5 |      impossible if conviction be a species of conception: for it is
142     IV,  5 |    entirely transferred out of its species, just as neither could the
143     IV,  5 |       thing: for what contains the species contains the genus as well:
144     IV,  5 |      result will be that genus and species are not found in the same
145     IV,  5 |            the same faculty as the species. Likewise, also, if "friendship"
146     IV,  5 |        accident.~Again, see if the species partakes of the genus attributed
147     IV,  5 |          in the case of any of its species the genus be imparted only
148     IV,  5 |          should be true of all its species. Likewise neither is wine "
149     IV,  6 |       fails to be the genus of the species mentioned. Examine the point
150     IV,  6 |             whereas of a genus the species are always different, so
151     IV,  6 |          of anything except of its species. Hence Unity, inter alia,
152     IV,  6 |       Unity, inter alia, will be a species of Being. The result, therefore,
153     IV,  6 |           genus is predicated, the species is predicated as well, seeing
154     IV,  6 |     whereas the predication of the species ought to be of narrower
155     IV,  6 |        rendered in relation to its species, as it is used of "white"
156     IV,  6 |           genus in relation to its species. Look and see also if the
157     IV,  6 |          to be synonymous with its species. For the genus is always
158     IV,  6 |           always predicated of its species synonymously.~Moreover,
159     IV,  6 |    Moreover, beware, whenever both species and genus have a contrary,
160     IV,  6 |         will be that the remaining species will be found in the remaining
161     IV,  6 |         genera, so that the better species will be found in the worse
162     IV,  6 |         view is that of the better species the genus too is better.
163     IV,  6 |           see if he has placed the species inside the worse and not
164     IV,  6 |        degree, whereas neither the species itself does so, nor any
165     IV,  6 |        degree, whereas neither the species does so itself nor yet any
166     IV,  6 |      especially in cases where the species appears to have several
167     IV,  6 |            also to the case of the species, by comparing it with some
168     IV,  6 |       comparing it with some other species: for if the one which is
169     IV,  6 |          clearly neither could the species rendered be found therein.~
170     IV,  6 |         the genus rendered and the species admit of a greater degree
171     IV,  6 |           of the genera and of the species one with another is of use:
172     IV,  6 |            also in the case of the species. For instance, supposing
173     IV,  6 |          have a like claim to be a species of the genus in question,
174     IV,  6 |     question, then if the one be a species, so also is the other: and
175     IV,  6 |    generally thought to be so be a species, so also is that which is
176     IV,  6 |           the genus, supposing the species rendered to be not one single
177     IV,  6 |      rendered to be not one single species but several different ones:
178     IV,  6 |       genus. If, on the other, the species rendered be single, look
179     IV,  6 |       category of essence of other species as well: for then, again,
180     IV,  6 |    predicated of several different species.~Since some people think
181     IV,  6 |           predicate of the various species in the category of essence,
182     IV,  6 |             not-being" has not any species at all. Questions, then,
183      V,  3 |           rendering, or any of its species: for then the property will
184      V,  3 |         with, while any one of its species is posterior to it, and
185      V,  3 |           which "man" belongs as a species" has employed one of its
186      V,  3 |            has employed one of its species, and therefore the property
187      V,  3 |       subject itself or any of its species: for then the property will
188      V,  3 |       subject itself or any of its species, and therefore in this respect
189      V,  4 |   differentia applying to some one species. E.g. inasmuch as he who
190      V,  4 |          pair have the sameness of species that fall under the same
191      V,  4 |      mentioned belongs to some one species only while the other belongs
192      V,  5 |      question should all be of one species, whenever the word "specifically"
193      V,  5 |         For fire is not all of one species; for live coals and flame
194      V,  5 |        fire", but are of different species. The reason why, whenever "
195      V,  5 |            there should not be any species other than the one mentioned,
196     VI,  3 |          that falls under the same species: for this sort of definition
197     VI,  3 |          that falls under the same species, it is impossible that the
198     VI,  3 |          that falls under the same species.~Again, see if he has said
199     VI,  4 |            than, and prior to, the species. For annul the genus and
200     VI,  4 |           and differentia, and the species too is annulled, so that
201     VI,  4 |        that these are prior to the species. They are also more intelligible;
202     VI,  4 |           intelligible; for if the species be known, the genus and
203     VI,  4 |       follow of necessity that the species is known as well: thus the
204     VI,  4 |            known as well: thus the species is less intelligible. Moreover,
205     VI,  6 |          the genus fails to make a species. For then, clearly, this
206     VI,  6 |          the genus, always makes a species. If, however, this be no
207     VI,  6 |        found to partake of its own species: for, since of everything
208     VI,  6 |             is the definition of a species, as also is "length with
209     VI,  6 |   constitute the definition of the species. Hence the genus would admit
210     VI,  6 |           of the definition of its species. Likewise, also, it will
211     VI,  6 |             see if he rendered the species as a differentia, as do
212     VI,  6 |            insolence, i.e. it is a species and not a differentia.~Moreover,
213     VI,  6 |      either the differentia or the species, or any of the things which
214     VI,  6 |         things which are under the species, is predicable of the genus,
215     VI,  6 |          which we predicate of the species. For if "animal" is to be
216     VI,  6 |         would be predicated of the species several times over; for
217     VI,  6 | differentiae are predicates of the species. Moreover, the differentiae
218     VI,  6 |    differentiae will be all either species or individuals, if they
219     VI,  6 |           every animal is either a species or an individual.~Likewise
220     VI,  6 |           must inquire also if the species or any of the objects that
221     VI,  6 |       wider range than the various species. Moreover, if any of the
222     VI,  6 |            Moreover, if any of the species be predicated of it, the
223     VI,  6 |          that the differentia is a species: if, for instance, "man"
224     VI,  6 |           fails to be prior to the species: for the differentia ought
225     VI,  6 |            genus, but prior to the species.~Look and see also if the
226     VI,  6 |       result will be that the same species as well will be in two non-subaltern
227     VI,  6 |           clearly follows that the species must be in two non-subaltern
228     VI,  9 |         relative terms, see if the species is rendered as relative
229     VI,  9 |          rendered as relative to a species of that to which the genus
230    VII,  4 |          the case of their various species whether the definition applies.
231    VII,  4 |        definition applies. For the species is synonymous with its individuals.