bold = Main text
    Liber, Caput          grey = Comment text

  1     Pre              |              with explanatory notes is that of Goerenz, published in
  2     Pre              |              every way far superior to that of Goerenz, is very deficient
  3     Pre              |             several years ago. I trust that the work in its present
  4     Pre              |               be said to be founded on that of Halm which appeared in
  5     Pre              |            interrupted by the death of that editor. I have never however
  6     Pre              |      considerably nearer the MSS. than that of Halm. My obligations
  7     Pre              |             emendations of my own, and that only where the conjecttires
  8     Pre              |           textual criticism, I may say that I have done so from a conviction
  9     Pre              |              done so from a conviction that the very excellence of the
 10     Pre              |              examiner has proved to me that the students for whom this
 11     Pre              |               taken. I need hardly say that I do not expect or intend
 12     Pre              |              any linguistic difficulty that occurred. Want of space
 13     Pre              |               a reader who is studying that subject for the first time.
 14     Pre              |           junior students, it is hoped that it may not be without interest
 15     Pre              |              some errors, to throw off that intellectual disease of
 16     Pre              |           scholarship as compared with that of Germany,~I have only
 17     Pre              |            Germany,~I have only to add that I shall be thankful for
 18     Int,       I     |               90—45 B.C.~It would seem that Cicero's love for literature
 19     Int,       I     |               him was probably derived that strong love for the old
 20     Int,       I     |             this period of their lives that Atticus and his friend became
 21     Int,       I     |                important to the orator that he calls it "abbreviated
 22     Int,       I     |            quickened by the conviction that the old judicial system
 23     Int,       I     |               overthrown for ever, and that the great career once open
 24     Int,       I     |              now barred.10~We thus see that before Cicero was twenty
 25     Int,       I     |                 It is fair to conclude that he must have become thoroughly
 26     Int,       I     |              there can be little doubt that from the great rhetorician
 27     Int,       I     |                 It is usually supposed that he came into collision with
 28     Int,       I     |                no better evidence than that of Plutarch. Cicero himself,
 29     Int,       I     |         eminent rhetorical teachers at that time resident in the city14.
 30     Int,       I     |               attended the lectures of that clear thinker and writer,
 31     Int,       I     |                  It is curious to find that Zeno is numbered by Cicero
 32     Int,       I     |                 him in the De Oratore, that Cicero knew himm through
 33     Int,       I     |              is sufficient here to say that on the main point which
 34     Int,       I     |               however, make it evident that he set a high value on the
 35     Int,       I     |               strengthened by the fact that many friends of the latter,
 36     Int,       I     |            Antiochus. It is improbable that Cicero at this time became
 37     Int,       I     |               in such a way as to show that he was unknown to Cicero
 38     Int,       I     |               his views of philosophy, that with Posidonius the pupil
 39     Int,       I     |         affection, and Cicero tells us that he read his works more than
 40     Int,       I     |              time in systematic study. That his oratory owed much to
 41     Int,       I     |               we know from his letters that it was his later practice
 42     Int,       I     |            information, we may believe that he kept up his old knowledge
 43     Int,       I     |             the idea now spread abroad that Cicero was a mere dabbler
 44     Int,       I     |             dabbler in literature, and that his works were extempore
 45     Int,       I     |             and laughingly pronouncing that nothing is sweeter than
 46     Int,       I     |          following year (54) he writes that politics must cease for
 47     Int,       I     |                must cease for him, and that he therefore returns unreservedly
 48     Int,       I     |                accordance with nature, that of the student44. During
 49     Int,       I     |                may appeal for evidence that his old philosophical studies
 50     Int,       I     |                to his own pleasure and that of the Athenians. He stayed
 51     Int,       I     |            Athens. It was at this time that Cicero interfered to prevent
 52     Int,       I     |           merit to the most eminent of that school52.~The care of that
 53     Int,       I     |             that school52.~The care of that disordered province Cilicia
 54     Int,       I     |                could more clearly show that he was really a man of books;
 55     Int,       I     |             letter written to Varro in that year65, he says "I assure
 56     Int,       I     |           student of philosophy during that portion of his life which
 57     Int,       I     |        sufficient to justify his boast that at no time had he been divorced
 58     Int,       I     |            later period—the Hortensius—that he was a mere tiro in philosophy,
 59     Int,       I     |           philosophy, by the assertion that on the contrary nothing
 60     Int,       I     |              with ancient authorities, that his knowledge of Greek philosophy
 61     Int,      II     |          Epicureanism of Epicurus, but that of Zeno, Phaedrus, Patro,
 62     Int,      II     |        Academicism of Philo as well as that of Arcesilas and Carneades;
 63     Int,      II     |                it is at once concluded that Cicero is in gross error,
 64     Int,      II     |             view of the first problem: that the attainment of any infallible
 65     Int,      II     |         further refinements, I may say that Cicero in this respect was
 66     Int,      II     |             himself says, the doctrine that absolute knowledge is impossible
 67     Int,      II     |              xvii] were combined72. In that which was most distinctively
 68     Int,      II     |                philosophy with him was that it should avoid this arrogance73.
 69     Int,      II     |       dogmatism. He repeatedly insists that the diversities of opinion
 70     Int,      II     |                Milton to Mill, to show that the free conflict of opinion
 71     Int,      II     |               philosophy, which was by that very freedom brought rapidly
 72     Int,      II     |             Cicero carry this freedom, that in the fifth book of the
 73     Int,      II     |               statements, on the score that he is an Academic and a
 74     Int,      II     |               Academic is only anxious that people should combat his
 75     Int,      II     |          indignantly repels the charge that the Academy, though claiming
 76     Int,      II     |               of oratory, and the fact that eloquence was, as he puts
 77     Int,      II     |        estimable, ceteris paribus, and that man was Carneades94.~In
 78     Int,      II     |              the second great problem, that of the ethical standard,
 79     Int,      II     |         standard, we must never forget that it was considered by nearly
 80     Int,      II     |                oft-repeated statements that he never recanted the doctrines
 81     Int,      II     |               is confirmed by the fact that for many years before Cicero
 82     Int,      II     |                much was this the case, that when Cicero wrote the Academica
 83     Int,      II     |         degrees. The Stoics maintained that it was not, and in a remarkable
 84     Int,      II     |             the position of Antiochus, that a life enriched by virtue,
 85     Int,      II     |                balbutire) and to allow that the happiness of the wise
 86     Int,      II     |              the purely Stoic doctrine that virtue is one and indivisible104.
 87     Int,      II     |              and there can be no doubt that he caught it from Antiochus
 88     Int,      II     |                ever stoutly maintained that Zeno had stolen them before.
 89     Int,      II     |          dialectic. It is just in this that the difference between Antiochus
 90     Int,      II     |             them, although he conceded that they were Socratic107. Again,
 91     Int,      II     |         subscribed to the Stoic theory that all emotion was sinful;
 92     Int,      II     |                    It must be admitted that on some points Cicero was
 93     Int,      II     |               the De Finibus he argued that the difference between the
 94     Int,      II     |               may remark at the outset that a comparatively small importance
 95     Int,      II     |             importance lay in the fact that ancient theology was, as
 96     Int,      II     |              It went to Cicero's heart that Carneades should have found
 97     Int,      II     |              great sceptic by the plea that his one aim was to arouse
 98     Int,      II     |                not be forgotten, also, that the Stoic physics were in
 99     Int,      II     |             the main Aristotelian, and that Cicero was well aware of
100     Int,     III     |               as a philosopher, and on that score to depreciate his
101     Int,     III     |               for it is only from them that we get any full or clear
102     Int,     III     |             would be hasty to conclude that the writers of these two
103     Int,     III     |                a favourable reception, that, in Cicero's strong language,
104     Int,     III     |            Epicurean physics, the fact that there was no other philosophy
105     Int,     III     |              is exceedingly remarkable that the whole of the Roman Epicurean
106     Int,     III     |                to be found in the fact that the Italian races had as
107     Int,     III     |                    He indeed confesses that he had not read them, but
108     Int,     III     |               probable elucidation is, that he found it impossible to
109     Int,     III     |               being unwilling to allow that anything good could come
110     Int,     III     |               his country the reproach that it was completely destitute
111     Int,     III     |          far-fetched arguments to show that philosophy had left its
112     Int,     III     |                  To those who objected that philosophy was best left
113     Int,     III     |               He will not even concede that the Greek is a richer tongue
114     Int,     III     |           diverted into other channels that so little progress has been
115     Int,     III     |                  There can be no doubt that Cicero was penetrated by
116     Int,     III     |               penetrated by the belief that he could thus do his country
117     Int,     III     |                must never be forgotten that at Rome such studies were
118     Int,     III     |           thing128. Some few preferred that Cicero should write on other
119     Int,      IV     |              the entreaties of Atticus that he would return to the forum
120     Int,      IV     |             was amid such surroundings that the Academica was written.
121     Int,      IV     |           introduces his request imply that he had determined on some
122     Int,      IV     |                accompanied; who was at that time the leader of the Epicurean
123     Int,      IV     |              Peripatetic schools under that name. It may be with reference
124     Int,      IV     |              progress of the Academica that in a later letter he expresses
125     Int,      IV     |              Academica142. He declares that however much his detractors
126     Int,      IV     |          within the same space of time that he has taken to write them143.~
127     Int,      IV     |                xxxiv] wrote to Atticus that he had finished while at
128     Int,      IV     |                Madvig, have understood that the first edition of the
129     Int,      IV     |            from the letters to Atticus that the De Finibus was being
130     Int,      IV     |            later date Cicero complains that Balbus had managed to obtain
131     Int,      IV     |              whole five books while in that state153. A passage in the
132     Int,      IV     |         affords almost direct evidence that the Academica was published
133     Int,      IV     |               all these grounds I hold that these two works cannot be
134     Int,      IV     |              συνταγματα in question is that they are simply the two
135     Int,      IV     |                giving reasons, decides that this view is unsatisfactory,
136     Int,      IV     |    unsatisfactory, and prefers to hold that the Hortensius (or de Philosophia)
137     Int,      IV     |           Cicero. We are quite certain that the book was written at
138     Int,      IV     |              doubt, showing as they do that the Hortensius had been
139     Int,      IV     |               in such a way as to show that the former was finished
140     Int,      IV     |           point, it cannot be disputed that the Hortensius and the Academica
141     Int,      IV     |                It is rather surprising that under these circumstances
142     Int,      IV     |             Rome165. We have a mention that new prooemia had been added
143     Int,      IV     |             uncharacteristic of Cicero that his first plan for healing
144     Int,      IV     |                the Academica, the fact that among the unpleasant visits
145     Int,      IV     |               Atticus, strongly urging that the whole work should be
146     Int,      IV     |                From this it is evident that Cicero knew nothing of the
147     Int,      IV     |              the scope or magnitude of that work. His complaint that
148     Int,      IV     |               that work. His complaint that Varro had been writing for
149     Int,      IV     |          making any progress173, shows that there could have been little
150     Int,      IV     |                the Academica, allowing that Catulus and Lucullus, though
151     Int,      IV     |          little of it did they possess that they could never even have
152     Int,      IV     |                and the remark was made that the Academica would just
153     Int,      IV     |                expound the opinions of that philosopher177. It happened
154     Int,      IV     |            philosopher177. It happened that continual rain fell during
155     Int,      IV     |              he was so pleased with it that Cicero determined to confer
156     Int,      IV     |                A suggestion of Atticus that Cotta should also be introduced
157     Int,      IV     |               work contains entreaties that he would consider the matter
158     Int,      IV     |              was obliged to assure him that there were reasons, which
159     Int,      IV     |                he grumbles, it may be, that my part in the treatise
160     Int,      IV     |             Atticus [xl] had concluded that Cicero was afraid of the
161     Int,      IV     |             and to have assured Cicero that there was no cause for fear;
162     Int,      IV     |               friend, Atticus affirmed that Varro was jealous of some
163     Int,      IV     |              jealous? It seems strange that Cicero should not have entered
164     Int,      IV     |       Etiquette seems to have required that the recipient of a dedication
165     Int,      IV     |               the letters. He tells us that it extended, on the whole,
166     Int,      IV     |            books have been so finished that the Greeks themselves have
167     Int,      IV     |               tell you again and again that the presentation will be
168     Int,      IV     |        promising to approve any course that might be taken196. Atticus
169     Int,      IV     |                   Atticus wrote to say that as soon as Varro came to
170     Int,      IV     |              this fact we may conclude that Cicero had given up all
171     Int,      IV     |               Cicero of course assumes that Atticus, whatever may be
172     Int,      IV     |               of the books as four201. That he wished the work to bear
173     Int,      IV     |            found as early as Pliny205, that Cicero had a villa called
174     Int,      IV     |            from the letters to Atticus that the work was written entirely
175     Int,      IV     |                and his references show that he knew the second edition
176     Int,      IV     |           Cicero's letters to Atticus. That it was not unnecessary to
177     Int,      IV     |             clear from the Lucullus208 that he did little more than
178     Int,      IV     |           speaking for himself, but in that case, as in the De Oratore,
179     Int,      IV     |           where the two are mentioned, that no very high value was placed
180     Int,      IV     |               to be allied to Catulus, that a friend tried to console
181     Int,      IV     |           often referred to by Cicero, that Rome had never been so unfortunate
182     Int,      IV     |                   xlvii] ~We have seen that when Cicero found it too
183     Int,      IV     |          Lucullus227. It is well known that in the arrangement of his
184     Int,      IV     |                 We are especially told that even with Greeks his acquaintance
185     Int,      IV     |                only from the Academica that we learn definitely his
186     Int,      IV     |          declare himself a follower of that philosopher, nor does Crassus,
187     Int,      IV     |              might have been concluded that he was an adherent either
188     Int,      IV     |              Cicero repeatedly asserts that from no other schools can
189     Int,      IV     |                of the De Oratore shows that Catulus could have had no
190     Int,      IV     |      Epicureans242. The probability is that he had never placed himself
191     Int,      IV     |                It is scarcely possible that any direct intercourse between
192     Int,      IV     |          system of the later than with that of the earlier sceptic.
193     Int,      IV     |              also exceedingly probable that he touched only very lightly
194     Int,      IV     |               while he developed fully that positive teaching about
195     Int,      IV     |         mentioned; Catulus then showed that the only object aimed at
196     Int,      IV     |               principles of Antiochus, that [lii] such a basis was provided
197     Int,      IV     |               Catulus after Carneades, that the wise man would opine255 (
198     Int,      IV     |               points to the conclusion that this part of the dialogue
199     Int,      IV     |            think it extremely probable that he gave a résumé of the
200     Int,      IV     |          little difficulty in the fact that Hortensius now advocates
201     Int,      IV     |              altogether258, and denied that philosophy and wisdom were
202     Int,      IV     |            only be put forward to show that the New Academic revolt
203     Int,      IV     |             actual warrant for stating that his exposition of Antiochus
204     Int,      IV     |              from which Krische infers that the dialogue, entitled Hortensius,
205     Int,      IV     |              correct, [liv] it follows that Cicero in his reply pursued
206     Int,      IV     |             the New Academy by showing that it was in essential harmony
207     Int,      IV     |                is made by Lucullus266. That Cicero's criticism of the
208     Int,      IV     |                may be seen by the fact that he had not had occasion
209     Int,      IV     |            more clearly does it appear that the main purpose [lv] of
210     Int,      IV     |          speech, he expressly tells us that such sceptical paradoxes
211     Int,      IV     |          Cicero in the Lucullus proves that no general or minute demonstration
212     Int,      IV     |                 but only cursorily, so that there was plenty of room
213     Int,      IV     |                 Krische believes [lvi] that the argument of Catulus
214     Int,      IV     |              of Lucullus seem to imply that this part of his teaching
215     Int,      IV     |              disputants274. It follows that when Cicero, in his letter
216     Int,      IV     |              describes his own part as that of Philo (partes mihi sumpsi
217     Int,      IV     |            himself and Clitomachus.~In that intermediate form of the
218     Int,      IV     |        Lucullus, there can be no doubt that Brutus occupied a more prominent
219     Int,      IV     |          Hortensius, while Brutus took that of Lucullus. It may perhaps
220     Int,      IV     |               may perhaps seem strange that a Stoic of the Stoics like
221     Int,      IV     |                Antiochus, however much that philosopher may have borrowed
222     Int,      IV     |               the morning, and came to that of Hortensius at Bauli277.
223     Int,      IV(277)|               after Hortensius' death. That lay at Puteoli: see Ad Att.
224     Int,      IV     |               Antiochus286. Nearly all that is known of the learning
225     Int,      IV     |              in his letters to Atticus that Lucullus was no philosopher.
226     Int,      IV     |                said, mainly a reply to that of Cicero in the Catulus.
227     Int,      IV     |              discourse, we may observe that at the very outset of the
228     Int,      IV     |             Academica, it can be shown that Varro, Cicero and Atticus
229     Int,      IV     |           contact between his life and that of Cicero, with a few words
230     Int,      IV     |                  Several passages show that Cicero refused to believe
231     Int,      IV     |             already, show sufficiently that this slight increase in
232     Int,      IV     |         Academica Posteriora will show that there is no reason for accusing
233     Int,      IV     |               Lingua Latina, concluded that Varro had passed over to
234     Int,      IV     |              over to the Stoics before that work was written. All that
235     Int,      IV     |             that work was written. All that was Stoic in Varro came
236     Int,      IV     |                practically the same as that given by Catulus in ed.
237     Int,      IV     |                was appended, probably, that foretaste of the negative
238     Int,      IV     |               closely corresponding to that of Lucullus in ed. 1. Book
239     Int,      IV     |         certainly prior, logically, to that of the Lucullus. ~
240     Not,       1     |               adroitly reminding Varro that the promised dedication
241     Not,       1     |               but demurs to the theory that philosophy written in Latin
242     Not,       1     |                Philo for the statement that the New Academy is in harmony
243     Not,       1     |              Epistolarum, p. 62) shows that it must be inserted. Cic.
244     Not,       1     |               M.D.F. V. 22. I may note that the separation of satis
245     Not,       1     |          didicisti enim. My reading is that of Dav. followed by Baiter.
246     Not,       1     |                I do not presume to say that his usage did not vary,
247     Not,       1     |                 II. 42 which will show that interrogatiuncula and conclusiuncula
248     Not,       1     |         Utramque vim virtutem: strange that Baiter (esp. after Halm'
249     Not,       1     |               will refer to ethics, in that case there will be a strange
250     Not,       1     |                 has conclusively shown that nec for ne ... quidem is
251     Not,       1     |              out before nec suspicari; that this is wrong is clear from
252     Not,       1     |           wrong is clear from the fact that in D.F. II. 20, 30, T.D.
253     Not,       1     |             see 11, 17. I am surprised that Halm and Baiter both follow
254     Not,       1     |              Varro is thus made to say that he stated many things dialectically,
255     Not,       1     |                dialectically, in order that the populace might be enticed
256     Not,       1     |             introduced philosophy into that kind of literature which
257     Not,       1     |         proceeded to introduce it into that which the learned read."
258     Not,       1     |               tempting alteration, but that the word φιλοσοφικος is
259     Not,       1     |          references of Aug. it appears that the "Libri Antiquitatum"
260     Not,       1     |          reading on the curious ground that Brutus was not anxious to
261     Not,       1     |               a Graecia desideres, and that of Dav. Graecia desideretur.
262     Not,       1     |                more probable therefore that omnes was added from an
263     Not,       1     |                 his one doctrine being that wisdom consists in a consciousness
264     Not,       1     |            iudicatum, it is remarkable that in four passages where Cic.
265     Not,       1     |            abuses edd. for not knowing that tum ... et, tum ... que,
266     Not,       1     |             between the two schools as that about ιδεαι, which had long
267     Not,       1     |               however, would never say that philosophy became entirely
268     Not,       1     |              the time of Antiochus, so that the similarity between the
269     Not,       1     |         Aristotle is difficult to see; that he did so, however, is indubitable;
270     Not,       1     |          system on the abstract φυσις, that he scarcely appeals even
271     Not,       1     |              All the late schools held that ethics formed the sole ultimate
272     Not,       1     |              over this, not perceiving that it has the strong meaning
273     Not,       1     |              of the ethical finis with that in 19 and the passages quoted
274     Not,       1     |               my note there, will show that Cic. drew little distinction
275     Not,       1     |              the Peripatetic τριλογια. That this is historically absurd
276     Not,       1     |        sufficiently recognise the fact that Cicero has perfectly correctly
277     Not,       1     |            little reflection will show that in no other way could Antiochus
278     Not,       1     |           views of the finis. I regret that my space does not allow
279     Not,       1     |            Stoic finis was αρετη only, that alone to them was ‛αιρετον,
280     Not,       1     |       Antiochus' Physics. Summary. All that is consists of force and
281     Not,       1     |                the broadest sense, all that exists. In res duas: the
282     Not,       1     |               by the next clause, viz. that Force and Matter cannot
283     Not,       1     |              meaning of this is clear, that nothing can exist except
284     Not,       1     |              et quasi qualitatem: note that corpus is formed, as contrasted
285     Not,       1     |             Cic.'s words make it clear that these nouns ought to be
286     Not,       1     |          παντος. It will be there seen that Cic. is wrong in making
287     Not,       1     |               between Plato's ‛υλη and that of Aristotle. Eoque interire:
288     Not,       1     |           Faber was right in supposing that Cic. has said loosely of
289     Not,       1     |               Atomists, who maintained that infinite subdivision logically
290     Not,       1     |            thoroughly the orthodox one that the Atom was scouted as
291     Not,       1     |                 35 A sq. It is notable that Xenocrates, tripping over
292     Not,       1     |              ultro in utroque. I think that in utroque, simply, was
293     Not,       1     |           simply, was the reading, and that ultro is a dittographia
294     Not,       1     |             not be forgotten, however, that to the Stoics the universe
295     Not,       1     |         inconsistency, while believing that Reason is the Universe,
296     Not,       1     |             The Stoics while believing that our world would be destroyed
297     Not,       1     |             Cic. in N.D. I. 30 remarks that Plato in his Timaeus had
298     Not,       1     |             God is called Fortune, all that is expressed is human inability
299     Not,       1     |               diametrically opposed to that of the Stoics, is to be
300     Not,       1     |               so changing and fleeting that no part of their being remained
301     Not,       1     |               or even the same, seeing that all parts were in a continuous
302     Not,       1     |               off before and after, so that there is no possibility
303     Not,       1     |              reading. I venture to say that no real parallel can be
304     Not,       1     |            oversight, but to say first that the school (illi, cf. sic
305     Not,       1     |                ιδεαι, and next, in 33, that Aristotle crushed the same
306     Not,       1     |               We may reflect, however, that the difference between Plato'
307     Not,       1     |                with Plato by asserting that though sense is naturally
308     Not,       1     |                making Antiochus assert that no true information can
309     Not,       1     |              true and false. I believe that we have a mixture here of
310     Not,       1     |               I have sometimes thought that Cic. wrote haec, inquam (
311     Not,       1     |         disloyal (34). Zeno maintained that nothing but virtue could
312     Not,       1     |              Madv. Em. 119 who remarks that the phrase disputationes
313     Not,       1     |           begin here. To the objection that Varro (who in 8 says nihil
314     Not,       1     |     unblushingly, Goer. feebly replies that the eulogy is meant for
315     Not,       1     |              incommoded. Labefactavit, that Antiochus still continued
316     Not,       1     |               be explained by the fact that he considered ethical resemblances
317     Not,       1     |                is no reason to suppose that he departed very widely
318     Not,       1     |               tenet here mentioned and that of Antiochus in 22 the difference
319     Not,       1     |              of Arcesilas. The fact is that we have a mere theory, which
320     Not,       1     |              elidere, I cannot believe that he is right). Plato uses
321     Not,       1     |                   Madv. in his note on that passage coins the word inaestimatio.)
322     Not,       1     |             with Madv. (D.F. III. 50), that there is no reason for suspecting
323     Not,       1     |           other hand, I do not believe that Cic. could so utterly misunderstand
324     Not,       1     |                think even for a moment that the αποπροηγμενα formed
325     Not,       1     |           strongly opposed to the fact that Cic. in 36 had explained
326     Not,       1     |               error. My explanation is that Cic. began with the intention
327     Not,       1     |               suppose Cic. to have had that intention. So if his words
328     Not,       1     |                difficulties. Supposing that by ex iis Cic. means mediis,
329     Not,       1     |                the sentence; I believe that pluris aestimanda and minoris
330     Not,       1     |              of αξια (positive value). That minor aestimatio should
331     Not,       1     |        opposite meaning. Now I contend that Cicero's words minoris aestimanda
332     Not,       1     |           εχοντα. I therefore conclude that Cicero has striven, so far
333     Not,       1     |             express the Stoic doctrine that, of the αδιαφορα, some have
334     Not,       1     |               of information; I regret that my space forbids me to attempt
335     Not,       1     |             Stoics, proceeded to prove that they had never properly
336     Not,       1     |         Perturbationem: I am surprised that Halm after the fine note
337     Not,       1     |                virtue (20), it follows that the Stoic sapiens must be
338     Not,       1     |             certainly wrong in stating that Arist. derived mind from
339     Not,       1     |            clear from Stob. I. 41, 33, that the Peripatetics of the
340     Not,       1     |                 which is the very name that Aristotle gives to the fifth
341     Not,       1     |        immaterial existence The notion that νους or ψυχη came from αιθηρ
342     Not,       1     |             the αιθηρ or πεμπτον σωμα, that fiery external rim of the
343     Not,       1     |         Aristotle's works, to conclude that the αεικινητος ψυχη of Plato
344     Not,       1     |              guarded himself by saying that the soul as an αρχη κινησεως
345     Not,       1     |  considerations will be enough to show that neither Cic. nor Antiochus,
346     Not,       1     |            physical principles such as that of Democritus (ου γαρ εγχωρειν
347     Not,       1     |             simply followed out boldly that line of thought. Xenocrates:
348     Not,       1     |               of one thing? The notion that iunctos could mean aptos (
349     Not,       1     |            first Excursus to his D.F.) that we have here an anacoluthon.
350     Not,       1     |             397). Tironum causa I note that the Stoics sometimes speak
351     Not,       1     |              contends, with Antiochus, that Zeno merely renamed old
352     Not,       1     |               Stoics, however, allowed that some of them were not impervious
353     Not,       1     |            equivalent to giving up all that was valuable in the Stoic
354     Not,       1     |             quod omnia: the meaning is that the reason must generalize
355     Not,       1     |                certain; and maintained that since arguments of equal
356     Not,       1     |              think the truth to be ... that it is to be thought," etc.
357     Not,       1     |              edd. seem to have thought that esse was needed to go with
358     Not,       2     |               this fragment belongs to that historical justification
359     Not,       2     |              fragment. Krische remarks that Augustine, Cont. Acad. II.
360     Not,       2     |                 seems to have imitated that part of Cicero's exposition
361     Not,       2     |                Yet it is easy to prove that it is really not level.~
362     Not,       2     |              Lucullus 105.~8. The fact that the eye and hand need such
363     Not,       2     |                which are unable to see that which lies immediately above
364     Not,       2     |               The student will observe that the above extracts formed
365     Not,       2     |                fragm. 32. Fr. 19 shows that the impossibility of distinguishing
366     Not,       2     |               62.~13. Krische believes that this fragment formed part
367     Not,       2     |             part of an attempt to show that the senses were trustworthy,
368     Not,       2     |            isdem de rebus disputantis) that I am inclined to think that
369     Not,       2     |            that I am inclined to think that the reference in Nonius
370     Not,       2     |                 and not Book III., and that Cic., when he changed the
371     Not,       2     |              for the sufficient reason that Puteoli was not visible
372     Not,       2     |                Cicero's speech than in that of Lucullus in the Academica
373     Not,       2     |                in the Academica Priora that I think the reference in
374     Not,       2     |              corrupt malcho, and think that in the second ed. some comparison
375     Not,       2     |          corporibus. Krische's opinion that this latter word was in
376     Not,       2     |               is crassis occultata, so that we have another alteration,
377     Not,       2     |              wrongly. It will be noted that the fragments of Book III.
378     Not,       2     |                32. I have already said that this most likely belonged
379     Not,       2     |                I have given my opinion that the substance of Catulus'
380     Not,       2     |               book of this edition. To that part this fragment must
381     Not,       2     |                proves to demonstration that in the first edition this
382     Not,       2     |                speech of Catulus or in that of Cicero. As no reason
383     Not,       2     |                Cic. repeatedly insists that the Academic school must
384     Not,       2     |                been included if not in that prooemium to the third book
385     Not,       2     |              XVI. 6, 4. I may here add that Krische seems to me wrong
386     Not,       2     |           seems to me wrong in holding that the whole four books formed
387     Not,       2     |          revolted against the Old, all that it did was to discuss that
388     Not,       2     |             that it did was to discuss that new doctrine of καταληψις
389     Not,       2     |                Academy, made it appear that there was a strife between
390     Not,       2     |            opinion (Contra. Ac. II. 1) that New Academicism was excusable
391     Not,       2     |                although I ought to say that Krische, p. 65, maintains
392     Not,       2     |              Krische, p. 65, maintains that the substance of Catulus'
393     Not,       2     |            Africanus (5). Others think that famous men should not be
394     Not,       2     |          knowledge (6). Those who hold that the interlocutors in these
395     Not,       2     |             had no such knowledge show that they can make their envy
396     Not,       2     |            natural, but they must know that Academicism puts no stop
397     Not,       2     |               Philo, and Antiochus. At that very time the books mentioned
398     Not,       2     |            Antiochus, who was so angry that he wrote a book against
399     Not,       2     |               to Dict. Biog. will show that the whole affair was discreditable
400     Not,       2     |             East. Superiorum: scarcely that of Sulla.~§2. Laus: "merit,"
401     Not,       2     |            exspectabatur: Cic. forgets that Luc. had served with distinction
402     Not,       2     |             the suggestion of a friend that Lucullus is nom. and that
403     Not,       2     |              that Lucullus is nom. and that quos legisset = quorum commentarios
404     Not,       2     |              Etsi: M.D.F. V. 68, shows that in Cic. a parenthetic clause
405     Not,       2     |                wrote quaestor, arguing that as Luc. was Sulla's quaestor
406     Not,       2     |          expressed by res gestae. Note that the verb loqui not dicere
407     Not,       2     |                ut potuerunt, "granting that they had the ability, they
408     Not,       2     |            text of the Academica 1827) that Cic. commonly uses the perfect
409     Not,       2     |          Philone." I think it probable that Philoni is a marginal explanation
410     Not,       2     |               in doubt, do you suppose that no advance has been made
411     Not,       2     |              Now many dogmatists think that no argument ought to be
412     Not,       2     |        φαντασια really led him back to that utter scepticism from which
413     Not,       2     |             ever use any accusative in that sense, though they do occasionally
414     Not,       2     |                of Gracchus seems to be that they were consulted by him
415     Not,       2     |              these words on the ground that the statement about Marius
416     Not,       2     |         statement about Marius implies that the demagogues lie about
417     Not,       2     |            Similiter: it is noticeable that five MSS. of Halm have simile.
418     Not,       2     |                exx. in Forc. will show that the word always means merely "
419     Not,       2     |         knowledge and no knowledge, so that incognita is far better.
420     Not,       2     |                I am not at all certain that the MSS. reading needs alteration.
421     Not,       2     |         suppose, for sake of argument, that the doctrines of the ancients
422     Not,       2     |             Quod investigata sunt: "in that an investigation was made."
423     Not,       2     |              had been settled. Holding that illa in the former sentence
424     Not,       2     |                It is important to note that Arcesilas left no writings
425     Not,       2     |          Arcesilas left no writings so that Lacydes became the source
426     Not,       2     |              480. Ipsa evidentia: note that the verb evidere is not
427     Not,       2     |               It must not be forgotten that the Stoics held a sensation
428     Not,       2     |                gives a clipt form like that of Sextus in the two passages
429     Not,       2     |              reprint of his Academica) that Cic. omits to represent
430     Not,       2     |                did not truly represent that existent thing. Aug. Cont.
431     Not,       2     |          several things are clear, (1) that Philo headed a reaction
432     Not,       2     |        reaction towards dogmatism, (2) that he based the possibility
433     Not,       2     |             pronounced impossible, (3) that he distorted the views of
434     Not,       2     |              Hyp. I. 235, who tells us that while the Carneadeans believed
435     Not,       2     |                 Sextus indeed tells us that he held things to be in
436     Not,       2     |               they never tried to show that things in themselves were
437     Not,       2     |      themselves were incognisable, but that human faculties do not avail
438     Not,       2     |               does. It would seem from that passage that he defined
439     Not,       2     |           would seem from that passage that he defined the cognisable
440     Not,       2     |              most likely tried to show that the cognisable was equivalent
441     Not,       2     |                statement of the latter that the wise man would "opine,"
442     Not,       2     |                wise man would "opine," that is, would pronounce definite
443     Not,       2     |               Arcesilas and Carneades, that they were apostles of doubt,
444     Not,       2     |                correct (12). I may add that from the mention of Philo'
445     Not,       2     |                is important for us is, that Cic. never seems to have
446     Not,       2     |         definitionem: it is noteworthy that the whole war between the
447     Not,       2     |               all hands it was allowed that all knowledge ultimately
448     Not,       2     |             about external things. Not that I maintain the truth of
449     Not,       2     |        sensation, Epicurus must see to that. Things which impede the
450     Not,       2     |              rendered impossible (22). That true perception is possible,
451     Not,       2     |                Rational proof requires that something, once veiled,
452     Not,       2     |             urged to allow their dogma that perception is impossible,
453     Not,       2     |               excludes the supposition that there can be any true perception (
454     Not,       2     |                28). Antiochus declared that the Academics could not
455     Not,       2     |                is important to observe that the word sensus like αισθησις
456     Not,       2     |                 Cic. seems to consider that the αξιωμα, which affirms
457     Not,       2     |          abstract quality, is prior to that which affirms the existence
458     Not,       2     |               consequence." The notion that the verb contingit denotes
459     Not,       2     |                asserting after Wopkens that Cic. never inserts ut after
460     Not,       2     |         Tischer on T.D. II. 52 affirms that ut is frequently found,
461     Not,       2     |             rebus: note the assumption that the sensation corresponds
462     Not,       2     |              the dogmatist always held that the sceptic must, if consistent,
463     Not,       2     |           Nicom. Eth. Aristot. assumes that the actual existence of
464     Not,       2     |         exertion is a sufficient proof that there is a τελος. Aperta:
465     Not,       2     |             where the dogmatist argues that if proof be impossible,
466     Not,       2     |                 I think it very likely that the MSS. reading is right,
467     Not,       2     |             MSS. reading is right, and that the whole expression is
468     Not,       2     |        physical science, we might urge that nature has constructed man
469     Not,       2     |            reason. Those then who deny that any certainty can be attained
470     Not,       2     |           false, and on the other hold that no absolutely certain method
471     Not,       2     |                the possibility remains that it may be really black?
472     Not,       2     |                circumstances, we reply that a decision which is still
473     Not,       2     |                 here. It will be noted that συγκαταθεσις must take place
474     Not,       2     |                virtutem efficiat: note that virtue is throughout this
475     Not,       2     |      explanation. The merely πιθανη is that sensation which at first
476     Not,       2     |              wrong however in thinking that Cic. only uses the word
477     Not,       2     |                 It is quite impossible that Cic. could have written
478     Not,       2     |                the assent given to it, that is involuntary (Sext. A.M.
479     Not,       2     |                contradicts a good deal that has gone before, esp. 20.
480     Not,       2     |      sensations; after which they show that credit cannot be given to
481     Not,       2     |          course with a view to showing that nothing really corresponded
482     Not,       2     |              two sensations so similar that the person who has one of
483     Not,       2     |        circumstances the sceptics urge that it is absurd to divide things
484     Not,       2     |               is enough if he can show that human faculties are not
485     Not,       2     |               4 says Carneades allowed that truth and falsehood (or
486     Not,       2     |            this, it is wrong to assume that sensation and thing correspond.
487     Not,       2     |                 they simply maintained that, granting the existence
488     Not,       2     |               is against Cic.'s usage, that of Christ quam observari
489     Not,       2     |          applicable only to one thing, that thing must be capable of
490     Not,       2     |                premisses. Again to say that there are false sensations
491     Not,       2     |             false sensations is to say that there are true ones; you
492     Not,       2     |                I need hardly point out that the ‛ορος of the Academics
493     Not,       2     |                mocking repetition like that of veri et falsi in 33.
494     Not,       2     |           falsi in 33. In falsum: note that falsum = aliam rem above.
495     Not,       2     |       inconsistency. Carneades allowed that visa, in themselves, might
496     Not,       2     |            true or false, but affirmed that human faculties were incapable
497     Not,       2     |         sceptics argue thus: you allow that mere phantom sensations
498     Not,       2     |              not allow what is easier, that two sensations caused by
499     Not,       2     |                47). Further, they urge that a phantom sensation produces
500     Not,       2     |              dogmatists say they admit that mere phantom sensations