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  1     Pre              |               in the Ancient Philosophy as will prepare the way for
  2     Pre              |                history of the Academica as could not be readily got
  3     Pre              |           editorship of Baiter and Halm as a continuation of Orelli'
  4     Pre              |                 doubtful.~My experience as a teacher and examiner has
  5     Pre              |                for an actual quotation.~As there is no important doctrine
  6     Pre              |              philosophical difficulties as were in some special way
  7     Pre              |          interest for maturer scholars, as bringing together much scattered
  8     Pre              |               hand. It must be regarded as an experiment, for no English
  9     Pre              | unproductiveness of English scholarship as compared with that of Germany,~
 10     Int,       I     |                               I. Cicero as a Student of Philosophy
 11     Int,       I     |            study of philosophy to serve as a corrective for the somewhat
 12     Int,       I     |                 succeeded Zeno of Sidon as head of the Epicurean school.5~
 13     Int,       I     |             surrendered himself wholly, as he tells us, to the brilliant
 14     Int,       I     |               doubt about his diligence as a student. In his later
 15     Int,       I     |             course, and Cicero appeared as a pleader in the courts,
 16     Int,       I     |             philosophic orator of Rome, as he not unjustly boasts12.
 17     Int,       I     |               clear thinker and writer, as Diogenes calls him16, Zeno
 18     Int,       I     |              named by Cicero, but never as an acquaintance. Cratippus
 19     Int,       I     |        principles. Cicero speaks of him as eminent among the philosophers
 20     Int,       I     |              talent and acquirement 23; as a man of acute intellect24;
 21     Int,       I     |               man of acute intellect24; as possessed of a pointed style25;
 22     Int,       I     |               pointed style25; in fine, as the most cultivated and
 23     Int,       I     |             friends of the latter, such as Piso, Varro, Lucullus and
 24     Int,       I     |                 mentioned in such a way as to show that he was unknown
 25     Int,       I     |            instructor. He speaks of him as the greatest of the Stoics30;
 26     Int,       I     |               greatest of the Stoics30; as a most notable philosopher,
 27     Int,       I     |              himself to much trouble31; as a minute inquirer32. He
 28     Int,       I     |                bent towards philosophy, as well as with the Greeks
 29     Int,       I     |             towards philosophy, as well as with the Greeks who from
 30     Int,       I     |              this he added such reading as his leisure would allow.
 31     Int,       I     |                books, to which he looks as the support of his old age34.
 32     Int,       I     |               tastes. This may be taken as a specimen of his spirit
 33     Int,       I     |           satisfaction in study, so far as my forensic labours permit37."
 34     Int,       I     |                 of [x] the Greeks, such as Theophrastus and Dicaearchus39.
 35     Int,       I     |                56, he describes himself as "devouring literature" with
 36     Int,       I     |                 is especially mentioned as one of the authors [xi]
 37     Int,       I     |             afterwards taught at Athens as head of the Peripatetic
 38     Int,       I     |               προπυλον at the Academia, as Appius, his predecessor,
 39     Int,       I     |               turn became unpleasant64.~As soon as Cicero had become
 40     Int,       I     |            became unpleasant64.~As soon as Cicero had become fully
 41     Int,       I     |               task; I have shown Cicero as the man of letters and the
 42     Int,       I     |      indications of philosophical study as might be obtained from the
 43     Int,       I     |             Greek philosophy was nearly as accurate as it was extensive.
 44     Int,       I     |       philosophy was nearly as accurate as it was extensive. So far
 45     Int,       I     |                it was extensive. So far as the Academica is concerned,
 46     Int,       I     |                speaks of the De Legibus as "an oasis in the desert
 47     Int,      II     |        clearness the position of Cicero as a student of philosophy,
 48     Int,      II     |           necessary to know, not merely as they came from the hands
 49     Int,      II     |            hands of their founders, but as they existed in Cicero's
 50     Int,      II     |              Cicero's age; Stoicism not as Zeno understood it, but
 51     Int,      II     |                 Zeno understood it, but as Posidonius and the other
 52     Int,      II     |                new Academicism of Philo as well as that of Arcesilas
 53     Int,      II     |            Academicism of Philo as well as that of Arcesilas and Carneades;
 54     Int,      II     |              would have been recognised as genuine by those who were
 55     Int,      II     |               not free from this error, as will be seen from my notes
 56     Int,      II     |            passages of the Academica70. As my space forbids me to attempt
 57     Int,      II     |                inquiry I have indicated as desirable, I can but describe
 58     Int,      II     |            later Greek philosophy were, as Cicero often insists, the
 59     Int,      II     |       establishment of a criterion such as would suffice to distinguish
 60     Int,      II     |                the text of the Lucullus as well as my notes. Without
 61     Int,      II     |                 of the Lucullus as well as my notes. Without further
 62     Int,      II     |        opposition to all other schools. As he himself says, the doctrine
 63     Int,      II     |                his mind than dogmatism. As an orator, he was accustomed
 64     Int,      II     |               apart from his experience as an orator, inclined him
 65     Int,      II     |                  Pythagoras78 is quoted as a warning example, and the
 66     Int,      II     |                fact that eloquence was, as he puts it, the child of
 67     Int,      II     |              all the later philosophers as of overwhelming importance
 68     Int,      II     |                was emphatically defined as the art of [xx] conduct (
 69     Int,      II     |         doctrines were merely estimable as supplying a basis on which
 70     Int,      II     |          considered ethical resemblance as of far greater moment than
 71     Int,      II     |              naturally look upon Cicero as a supporter of their "Vetus
 72     Int,      II     |                Vetus Academia," so long as he kept clear of dialectic;
 73     Int,      II     |              would naturally regard him as a deserter from the Old
 74     Int,      II     |                 but appeals to Socrates as his authority for them105.
 75     Int,      II     |             while the latter treated it as un-Socratic, looking upon
 76     Int,      II     |      un-Socratic, looking upon Socrates as the apostle of doubt106.
 77     Int,      II     |              that ancient theology was, as all natural theology must
 78     Int,      II     |          doctrines, which they gave out as Aristotelian. The discrepancy
 79     Int,     III     |              with a want of originality as a philosopher, and on that
 80     Int,     III     |             would have been looked upon as a fault rather than an excellence.
 81     Int,     III     |              pleasure. This last cause, as indeed he in one passage
 82     Int,     III     |              that the Italian races had as yet a strong practical basis
 83     Int,     III     |               supernatural, accompanied as it was by an increase of
 84     Int,     III     |               interesting and important as it is in itself, and neglected
 85     Int,     III     |            which I cannot here discuss, as to the reasons Cicero had
 86     Int,     III     |               tongue than the Latin120. As for the alleged incapacity
 87     Int,     III     |           himself to idleness or worse, as did so many of the most
 88     Int,     III     |                such elaborate apologies as he does for devoting himself
 89     Int,     III     |                 at first indefinite, so as to bring within its scope
 90     Int,     III     |         introductory to philosophy, or, as it was then called, protreptic.~
 91     Int,      IV     |            those which Cicero describes as having been finished simultaneously
 92     Int,      IV     |               beyond all doubt, showing as they do that the Hortensius
 93     Int,      IV     |        mentioned together in such a way as to show that the former
 94     Int,      IV     |              the doubt I have expressed as to the use of the word συνταγμα,
 95     Int,      IV     |        Hortensius were exactly the same as in the Academica Priora,
 96     Int,      IV     |             sent Atticus the Torquatus, as he calls the first book
 97     Int,      IV     |                to be false. I may note, as of some interest in connection
 98     Int,      IV     |             Home for Arpinum, in order, as he says, to arrange some
 99     Int,      IV     |           before he finally decided181. As no reasons had been given
100     Int,      IV     |                me a vision of his face, as he grumbles, it may be,
101     Int,      IV     |               vacillation was his doubt as to how Varro would receive
102     Int,      IV     |                 Cicero was still uneasy as to the reception it would
103     Int,      IV     |                  0 Academy, on the wing as thou wert ever wont, flitting
104     Int,      IV     |               Atticus wrote to say that as soon as Varro came to Rome
105     Int,      IV     |               wrote to say that as soon as Varro came to Rome the books
106     Int,      IV     |                 got into Varro's hands, as we learn from a letter,
107     Int,      IV     |              author sought to point out as his authorised edition the
108     Int,      IV     |                 the number of the books as four201. That he wished
109     Int,      IV     |                 the false notion, found as early as Pliny205, that
110     Int,      IV     |            false notion, found as early as Pliny205, that Cicero had
111     Int,      IV     |           Augustine speaks of them only as Academici libri, and his
112     Int,      IV     |                the genesis of the book, as gathered from Cicero's letters
113     Int,      IV     |                 introduce the elder man as speaking for himself, but
114     Int,      IV     |              himself, but in that case, as in the De Oratore, the author
115     Int,      IV     |          mouthpiece of the father, just as Lucullus, in the dialogue
116     Int,      IV     |                 father and son together as men of literary culture
117     Int,      IV     |               never been so unfortunate as to have two bad consuls
118     Int,      IV     |                 were probably extolled, as well as those of his son.
119     Int,      IV     |              probably extolled, as well as those of his son. The philosophical
120     Int,      IV     |           received from so famous a man as the younger Catulus, whose
121     Int,      IV     |            Oratore, in which he appears as an interlocutor, a more
122     Int,      IV     |               third books he is treated as the lettered man, par excellence,
123     Int,      IV     |         imitated238, and was well known as a wit and writer of epigrams239.~
124     Int,      IV     |              Greek especially mentioned as a friend of his, is the
125     Int,      IV     |                 have failed to tell us, as he does in the case of Antonius243,
126     Int,      IV     |         Carneades and Clitomachus, such as Catulus undoubtedly was247,
127     Int,      IV     |          negative Arcesilaean doctrines as would clear the ground for
128     Int,      IV     |              speak first and not second as Hortensius did; this accounts
129     Int,      IV     |                Such a historical résumé as I have supposed Hortensius
130     Int,      IV     |             here. He seems to have been as nearly innocent of any acquaintance
131     Int,      IV     |            acquaintance with philosophy as it was possible for an educated
132     Int,      IV     |                 therefore, reproves him as a rebel in philosophy, who
133     Int,      IV     |        καταληψις (i.e. in the abstract, as opposed to the individual
134     Int,      IV     |                such sceptical paradoxes as were advanced by him in
135     Int,      IV     |                 never appears elsewhere as the defender of Philo's
136     Int,      IV     |                  describes his own part as that of Philo (partes mihi
137     Int,      IV     |            however, was in my view such as any cultivated man might
138     Int,      IV     |                So eminent an Antiochean as Brutus cannot have been
139     Int,      IV(277)|                            This is not, as Krische supposes, the villa
140     Int,      IV     |                view was magnificent280. As the party were seated in
141     Int,      IV     |     anachronisms. Diodotus is spoken of as still living, although when
142     Int,      IV     |              although his chief energy, as a private citizen, was directed
143     Int,      IV     |            Pliny in the Natural History as the patron of Greek artists.
144     Int,      IV     |           patron of Greek artists. Yet, as we have already seen, Cicero
145     Int,      IV     |                 speech of Lucullus was, as I have said, mainly a reply
146     Int,      IV     |              transferred to Brutus, but as he has only such a slight
147     Int,      IV     |             made to recent events, such as the utter overthrow of the
148     Int,      IV     |                believe in Varro's zeal, as reported by Atticus299.
149     Int,      IV     |                 About the year 54 B.C., as we have already seen, Atticus
150     Int,      IV     |            intimates, such for instance as Sulpicius, Caelius, Paetus,
151     Int,      IV     |       dedication of the second edition, as detailed already, show sufficiently
152     Int,      IV     |              given in the first edition as an answer to Hortensius304.
153     Int,      IV     |          teaching, practically the same as that given by Catulus in
154     Int,      IV     |                  substantially the same as in ed. 1. Atticus must have
155     Int,      IV     |           Lucullus is marked throughout as Academicorum liber IV. This
156     Int,      IV     |            thing is worth remark. Halm (as many before him had done)
157     Not,       1     |              imitate Greek philosophers as well as Greek poets and
158     Not,       1     |              Greek philosophers as well as Greek poets and orators.
159     Not,       1     |               Varro refers to Antiochus as an authority on the other
160     Not,       1     |             forms of such subjunctives, as well as the full forms,
161     Not,       1     |              such subjunctives, as well as the full forms, but not
162     Not,       1     |                So Turnebus.) To take it as nom., understanding faciat,
163     Not,       1     |                  regularly used by Cic. as opus by Quintilian to mean "
164     Not,       1     |             from res to artibus is such as Cic. loves. Ceteris: the
165     Not,       1     |              Deliberatam—agitatam: Cic. as usual exaggerates the knowledge
166     Not,       1     |           Ernesti ratione. But the word as it stands has exactly the
167     Not,       1     |              conclusio or syllogism put as a series of questions. Cf.
168     Not,       1     |                 quite right, ne quidem, as Halm remarks, implies no
169     Not,       1     |              forced defence of quoniam, as marking a rapid transition
170     Not,       1     |                II. 82), and especially, as Durand remarked, at the
171     Not,       1     |          passages in Cic. are explained as anacolutha by Madv. in a
172     Not,       1     |            therefore to read sive here, as did Turn. Lamb. Dav. and
173     Not,       1     |               written in two words, not as magnopere, cf. the phrases
174     Not,       1     |                 I. 7, gives his opinion as to the right use to be made
175     Not,       1     |           scribere; his explanation is, as Orelli gently says, "vix
176     Not,       1     |           appear, nor is φιλοσοφος used as an adjective much, yet Cic.
177     Not,       1     |                  22, N.D. III. 23, just as he uses tyrannus (De Rep.
178     Not,       1     |          clauses. Cic. however is quite as fond of variety as of formal
179     Not,       1     |                quite as fond of variety as of formal accuracy. Domesticam—
180     Not,       1     |                  to please me. The text as it stands is not intolerable,
181     Not,       1     |           introduces the intenser word, as usual; cf. 17 plenam ac
182     Not,       1     |               quamquam in oratio recta, as Tac. does, unless there
183     Not,       1     |                   which gives Philonem, as does the ed. Rom. (1471).
184     Not,       1     |            together, supplying auditor, as is done by some unknown
185     Not,       1     |           revocari, but quotes renovari as an em. of the ed. Victoriana
186     Not,       1     |               print this without essent as a hexameter, and suppose
187     Not,       1     |                 occur elsewhere in Cic. as others do, if not familiar,
188     Not,       1     |                on the Worth of Socrates as a Philosopher (trans. by
189     Not,       1     |            Schwegler's Handbook, so far as it relates to Socrates and
190     Not,       1     |                reading by such passages as D.F. I. 39, T.D. I. 70.
191     Not,       1     |       adjectives, et often is left out, as in the passages quoted here
192     Not,       1     |             speaks of Plato's dialogues as though they were authentic
193     Not,       1     |                 from Plato Apol. p. 21, as to the proper understanding
194     Not,       1     |                 Cic. in his own person, as in D.F. IV. 5 De Leg. I.
195     Not,       1     |                Antiochus, this appears, as also in Varro (in Aug. as
196     Not,       1     |               as also in Varro (in Aug. as above) who often spoke as
197     Not,       1     |               as above) who often spoke as though ethics were the whole
198     Not,       1     |                 between the two schools as that about ιδεαι, which
199     Not,       1     |            remarks. Nominibus: the same as vocabulis above. Cic. does
200     Not,       1     |                 would not use vocabulum as Tac. does, for the name
201     Not,       1     |             heredem, secundos autem" is as acute as it is absurd. Duos:
202     Not,       1     |             secundos autem" is as acute as it is absurd. Duos: it is
203     Not,       1     |               have been so inconsistent as the MSS. and edd. make him (
204     Not,       1     |          Chalcedonium: not Calchedonium as Klotz, cf. Gk. Χαλκηδονιον.
205     Not,       1     |              Stagiritem: not Stagiritam as Lamb., for Cic., exc. in
206     Not,       1     |                rules, so Varro in Aug. (as above) speaks of the certa
207     Not,       1     |              dogmata of this old school as opposed to the incertitude
208     Not,       1     |           transpose quidem and videtur, as in 44. Quidem, however nearly
209     Not,       1     |         everything Athenian, and speaks as though he were one of them;
210     Not,       1     |                 characteristic of Cic., as we shall see later. Ac primum:
211     Not,       1     |             translation from the Greek, as frequently, here probably
212     Not,       1     |                the definition of virtue as the perfection of the reason,
213     Not,       1     |                 speak of their αδιαφορα as the practising ground for
214     Not,       1     |           insertions are not necessary, as may be seen from Topica
215     Not,       1     |            traceable to Antiochus, who, as will be seen from Augustine
216     Not,       1     |                within the summum bonum. As the Stoic finis was αρετη
217     Not,       1     |              the late Greek philosophy. As to Antiochus, consult M.
218     Not,       1     |              the Roman legal sense, but as a translation of επιεικεια.
219     Not,       1     |              though they are thought of as separate. When force impresses
220     Not,       1     |                to observe, has to serve as a translation both of φυσις
221     Not,       1     |             apprehended the distinction as modified by the Stoics,
222     Not,       1     |                in an aliquid, a τοδε τι as Aristotle calls it. Passive
223     Not,       1     |          Aristotle also recognised much as existent which did not exist
224     Not,       1     |                 did not exist in space, as in Phys. IV. 5 (qu. R. and
225     Not,       1     |             note that corpus is formed, as contrasted with materia,
226     Not,       1     |               either denote the τοδε τι as ποιον, or the Force which
227     Not,       1     |               nouns ought to be treated as Latin first declension nouns;
228     Not,       1     |               which is technically used as early as Isocrates. See
229     Not,       1     |               technically used as early as Isocrates. See Cic. on metaphor,
230     Not,       1     |            where necessitas is assigned as one cause of it (159) just
231     Not,       1     |              one cause of it (159) just as here; cf. also De Or. III.
232     Not,       1     |          moisture, marks the two former as active, the two latter as
233     Not,       1     |               as active, the two latter as passive. He then assigns
234     Not,       1     |                neuter relative pronoun, as in 21 in quibusdam, quae.
235     Not,       1     |               quae. Expressa: chiselled as by a sculptor (cf. expressa
236     Not,       1     |              III. 69); efficta, moulded as by a potter (see II. 77);
237     Not,       1     |              taking tota and omnia both as neut.—"alles und jedes."
238     Not,       1     |               that the Atom was scouted as a silly absurdity. Cf. D.F.
239     Not,       1     |               ultimate space atom, just as there is no matter atom.
240     Not,       1     |                there is no matter atom. As regards space, the Stoics
241     Not,       1     |                compound," utroque being as in 24 for eo quod ex utroque
242     Not,       1     |                sound if natura be taken as ουσια = existence substance.
243     Not,       1     |               exact contrast, substance as a whole being opposed to
244     Not,       1     |              they sometimes speak of it as being in the Universe, as
245     Not,       1     |               as being in the Universe, as here (cf. Diog. Laert. VII.
246     Not,       1     |                regarded the destruction as merely an absorption into
247     Not,       1     |                an argument often urged, as in N.D. II. 31 (quid potest
248     Not,       1     |                 no need to read animam, as some edd. do. The Stoics
249     Not,       1     |              Diog. VII. 149, and Zeller as before). This is merely
250     Not,       1     |               the World God apprehended as regulating the orderly sequence
251     Not,       1     |               Τυχη therefore is defined as αιτια αδηλος ανθρωπινωι
252     Not,       1     |            reason for suspecting inter, as Halm does. Ignorationemque
253     Not,       1     |                knowledge of such things as were either too small to
254     Not,       1     |                 the Platonic ην, = was, as we said. In ratione et disserendo:
255     Not,       1     |               theories were practically as dead in his time as those
256     Not,       1     |         practically as dead in his time as those of Thales or Anaxagoras.
257     Not,       1     |               the whole Antiochean view as given in II. 12—64, cf.
258     Not,       1     |                from sensation, whereas, as we shall see in the Lucullus,
259     Not,       1     |               carried to such an extent as to destroy the self-identity
260     Not,       1     |             notes will make the subject as clear as it can be made
261     Not,       1     |               make the subject as clear as it can be made to any one
262     Not,       1     |                the Classic Greek Prose, as are ετυμος and all its derivatives. (
263     Not,       1     |               describes verba or nomina as rerum notae. Berkley's nodis
264     Not,       1     |              The quasi marks rerum nota as an unfamiliar trans. of
265     Not,       1     |             ducibus, which word, strong as the metaphor is, requires
266     Not,       1     |            often use the neut. pronoun, as in Orator 3, but not quite
267     Not,       1     |               huic below). Dialecticae: as λογικη had not been Latinised,
268     Not,       1     |                 All emotion he regarded as unnatural and immoral (38,
269     Not,       1     |               thus defined, he regarded as morally neither right nor
270     Not,       1     |             neither right nor wrong but as the sole ultimate basis
271     Not,       1     |                reading and supply pars, as usual. His power of supplying
272     Not,       1     |                IX. ought to begin here, as Halm supposes, a reader
273     Not,       1     |         considered ethical resemblances as of supreme importance, cf.
274     Not,       1     |                tuebantur: far from true as it stands, Polemo was an
275     Not,       1     |              There is no need to alter (as Manut., Lamb., Dav.) for
276     Not,       1     |              can only treat such points as are involved in the special
277     Not,       1     |          Contraque contraria: Cic. here as in D.F. III. 50 feels the
278     Not,       1     |            known doctrines of Stoicism, as to think even for a moment
279     Not,       1     |                 extended his thought so as to embrace the whole class
280     Not,       1     |           rightly defining αποπροηγμενα as τα ‛ικανην απαξιαν εχοντα (
281     Not,       1     |                64) again speaks of them as τα μη ‛ικανην εχοντα αξιαν (
282     Not,       1     |           minoris aestimanda bear quite as strong a negative meaning
283     Not,       1     |               strong a negative meaning as the phrase of Sextus, τα
284     Not,       1     |              Cicero has striven, so far as the Latin language allowed,
285     Not,       1     |                III. 52). There is quite as good ground for accusing
286     Not,       1     |             misunderstanding the Stoics as there is for accusing Cicero.
287     Not,       1     |            spoke of certain excellences as perfected by the reason,
288     Not,       1     |            perfected by the reason, or (as the case might be) by habit."
289     Not,       1     |            between two separate powers, as in Plato and Aristotle,
290     Not,       1     |                speaks of virtue loosely as a ‛εξις, VII. 92, 93; cf.
291     Not,       1     |                 used, in the same sense as here, in at least five other
292     Not,       1     |               He had spoken of the soul as αεικινητος in passages which
293     Not,       1     |                 by saying that the soul as an αρχη κινησεως must be
294     Not,       1     |                 circle of the universe, as though to their natural
295     Not,       1     |              Plato and Arist. looked on as divine (cf. Somn. Scip.
296     Not,       1     |                physical principles such as that of Democritus (ου γαρ
297     Not,       1     |               of the assent of the mind as involuntary, while the καταληπτικη
298     Not,       1     |            these words is worth reading as a philological curiosity
299     Not,       1     |                 change? Atticus answers as in 14, 25, 33. Καταληπτον:
300     Not,       1     |             said to be καταληπτον, but, as we shall see in the Lucullus,
301     Not,       1     |            could be believed. This was, as Zeller remarks, equivalent
302     Not,       1     |                  this points out normam as a trans. of some Gk. word,
303     Not,       1     |           defensible, if verum be taken as the neut. adj. and not as
304     Not,       1     |               as the neut. adj. and not as meaning but. Translate: "
305     Not,       1     |               far from being a sceptic, as Cic. supposes; see note
306     Not,       1     |               read denique for deinceps as Bentl., Halm. Circumfusa
307     Not,       1     |               Orelli and Klotz followed as usual. For the sense II.
308     Not,       1     |                  66, note. Praecurrere: as was the case with the dogmatists.
309     Not,       2     |               thus: What seems so level as the sea? Yet it is easy
310     Not,       2     |               thing are pointed to here as invalidating the evidence
311     Not,       2     |                passage has the same aim as the last and closely resembles
312     Not,       2     |          difficulties of the kind, such as those connected with the
313     Not,       2     |              was most likely this: just as there is a limit beyond
314     Not,       2     |                the water was brought up as evidence. (In Luc. 81, on
315     Not,       2     |                 doubtless used by Varro as an argument in favour of
316     Not,       2     |              καταληψις, temeritas being as much deprecated by the Antiocheans
317     Not,       2     |              the Antiocheans and Stoics as by the Academics cf. I.
318     Not,       2     |             hang very closely together. As Krische notes, the Stoic
319     Not,       2     |                the book by perspicuitas as in Luc. 17.~19. See on Luc.
320     Not,       2     |             made in the second edition, as Krische supposes, p. 64.~
321     Not,       2     |                137 has dixi for dictus. As Cic. does not often leave
322     Not,       2     |               the Carneadean probabile, as may be seen from the words
323     Not,       2     |           Catulus or in that of Cicero. As no reason whatever appears
324     Not,       2     |             Varro I prefer to regard it as belonging to Cic.'s exposition
325     Not,       2     |         prologue of so general a nature as to be taken from a stock
326     Not,       2     |                ready made? (Cf. Ad Att. as above.)~ ~Besides the actual
327     Not,       2     |               and opinions of Augustine as the Academica and the lost
328     Not,       2     |            Academy must not be regarded as having revolted against
329     Not,       2     |                  of the Ac. Posteriora. As this would leave very meagre
330     Not,       2     |               II. are difficult to fix, as they apply equally well
331     Not,       2     |                later attack in Book IV. As to Books III. and IV., I
332     Not,       2     |            insertion in 118 of essentia as a translation of ουσια.~
333     Not,       2     |                the reward of his merits as a commander and civil administrator,
334     Not,       2     |               Sulla.~§2. Laus: "merit," as often, so praemium, Virg.
335     Not,       2     |           simply passive, = "untaught," as in Prop. I. 2, 12, Ov. Fast.
336     Not,       2     |            wrote quaestor, arguing that as Luc. was Sulla's quaestor
337     Not,       2     |                  Mai. 83. I take quibus as simply = libris.~§5. Ac:
338     Not,       2     |                 libris.~§5. Ac: strong, as often, = και μην. Personarum:
339     Not,       2     |             insert qui by dittographia, as I think, though Halm, as
340     Not,       2     |                as I think, though Halm, as well as Bait., retains it.
341     Not,       2     |             think, though Halm, as well as Bait., retains it. On the
342     Not,       2     |                6. Illigari: "entangled" as though in something bad.
343     Not,       2     |                often follows this verb, as in D.F. III. 7 nihil operae
344     Not,       2     |           however has dicere quae aliis as a correction, while another
345     Not,       2     |               Contentione: = φιλονεικια as usual. In ... rebus obscuritas:
346     Not,       2     |                 hearing all things, now as a matter of fact they did
347     Not,       2     |               the ad has the same force as προ in προμανθανειν, which
348     Not,       2     |        προυμαθον στεργειν κακοις), not, as the lexica absurdly say, "
349     Not,       2     |         Labefactata: this is only found as an alteration in the best
350     Not,       2     |              passages is doubtful. Cic. as a rule prefers long forms
351     Not,       2     |                and unknown name. Rocus, as Ursinus pointed out, occurs
352     Not,       2     |        explanation foisted on the text. As to the statements of Catulus
353     Not,       2     |             novos, who are here treated as the true Academics, though
354     Not,       2     |               Lenior: some MSS. levior, as is usual with these two
355     Not,       2     |                 famous old philosophers as supporters of scepticism (
356     Not,       2     |                 a good philosophy, just as Ti. Gracchus was a rebel
357     Not,       2     |         principle and so severe a judge as to be called scopulus reorum.
358     Not,       2     |              they were consulted by him as lawyers, about the legal
359     Not,       2     |              tenderness for Democritus, as Madv. on D.F. I. 20 remarks,
360     Not,       2     |                 nothing in it so strong as the words of the text, see
361     Not,       2     |               Negavissent: "had denied, as they said." Tollendus est:
362     Not,       2     |                nihilne est igitur actum as a dittographia (!) from
363     Not,       2     |              the progress of philosophy as there quoted. Arcesilas
364     Not,       2     |             philosopher see Zeller 533. As two MSS. have hac nonne
365     Not,       2     |               conj. Hagnone which Halm, as well as Baiter takes; Zeller
366     Not,       2     |             Hagnone which Halm, as well as Baiter takes; Zeller 533
367     Not,       2     |         impresses its image on the soul as a seal does on wax, cf.
368     Not,       2     |                  It is worth remarking (as Petrus Valentia did, p.
369     Not,       2     |              Carneades to suit his own. As to (1) all ancient testimony
370     Not,       2     |               him throughout his notice as a renegade. (2) is evident
371     Not,       2     |               Academica and from Sextus as quoted above. The foundation
372     Not,       2     |                against the καταλ. φαντ. as a mere feint intended to
373     Not,       2     |                not those of Clitomachus as he usually does. It would
374     Not,       2     |                 of Carneades is treated as genuinely Academic. Revolvitur:
375     Not,       2     |                this use of suus quisque as a single word see M.D.F.
376     Not,       2     |             Halm after Dav. treats this as a gloss: on the other hand
377     Not,       2     |           Ennius, often quoted by Cic., as De Div. I. 23. Interiorem:
378     Not,       2     |               Madv. (without necessity, as a study of the passages
379     Not,       2     |                Notitiae: this Cic. uses as a translation both of προληψις
380     Not,       2     |                sit: this distinction is as old as Plato and Arist.,
381     Not,       2     |              this distinction is as old as Plato and Arist., and is
382     Not,       2     |             antecedent is not virtutum, as Petrus Valentia (p. 292
383     Not,       2     |               expresses the possibility as present to the mind of the
384     Not,       2     |              Sext. Adv. Math. VII. 391, as often.~§25. Oportet videri: "
385     Not,       2     |                Liv. p. 42. Non poterit: as the Academics allege. Naturae ...
386     Not,       2     |                 the verb tollere occurs as frequently in this sense
387     Not,       2     |                frequently in this sense as αναιρειν does in Sextus.
388     Not,       2     |             former (φεγγος ‛ηλιου) just as lumen is for lux (si te
389     Not,       2     |                 if proof be impossible, as the sceptic says, there
390     Not,       2     |                 did not hold this δογμα as stabile fixum ratum but
391     Not,       2     |            stabile fixum ratum but only as probabile. Sextus however
392     Not,       2     |               they are mere assertions, as Sext. says, ψιλη φασει ισον
393     Not,       2     |            where ut opinor is thrown in as here, and by Ac. II. 17,
394     Not,       2     |                all unless by such marks as can appertain to no other
395     Not,       2     |              even." Libertas = παρρησια as often in Tacitus. Abditis
396     Not,       2     |               this word is used in Cic. as equivalent to ars in all
397     Not,       2     |              Primum is out of position, as in 24. Appetitio pulsa: =
398     Not,       2     |              ορμη see 24. Intenderemus: as in the exx. given in 20.
399     Not,       2     |                 75. Cic. uses this word as including all processes
400     Not,       2     |                no need to read propter, as Lamb. Ut virtutem efficiat:
401     Not,       2     |                 this exposition treated as the result of the exercise
402     Not,       2     |          actually complain;" "go so far as to complain." Inter incertum:
403     Not,       2     |               ου παντα δε αδηλα (quoted as from Carneades), also 54
404     Not,       2     |                 prefer to construe quem as a strong relative, making
405     Not,       2     |          διεξωδευμενην (R. and P. 411). As the trans. of the latter
406     Not,       2     |                 harmony with it. (Sext. as above 175—181.) The word "
407     Not,       2     |          καταλαμβανεσθαι; Cic. proceeds as usual on the principle thus
408     Not,       2     |           απολειπειν is constantly used as the opposite of αναιρειν (
409     Not,       2     |              Insigne: σημειον, the same as nota and signum above. Quo
410     Not,       2     |              Stoics, who were fatalists as a rule, made moral action
411     Not,       2     |                 produce sensations such as might have been produced
412     Not,       2     |           believe the sensation or not. As we cannot do this, it is
413     Not,       2     |              nor Arcesilas ever denied, as some modern sceptics have
414     Not,       2     |                 a very remarkable, and, as Madv. (D.F. I. 30) thinks,
415     Not,       2     |            founded on probability, just as their "truth" was (cf. n.
416     Not,       2     |           essentially the same argument as in 33 at the end. Occurretur:
417     Not,       2     |               imitation of εναντιουσθαι as Goer. says, but of απανταν,
418     Not,       2     |                Div II. 108). Orationis: as Faber points out, Cic. does
419     Not,       2     |              very often the same effect as a real one. The dogmatists
420     Not,       2     |              closely resemble real ones as to be indistinguishable
421     Not,       2     |            consideration I elucidate it as follows. The whole is an
422     Not,       2     |                are false, but probable (as the Stoics say he does in
423     Not,       2     |        sensations which are so probable as to closely resemble true
424     Not,       2     |           denotes false sensations such as have only a slight degree
425     Not,       2     |            efficere ("to manufacture so as to be probable"). It must
426     Not,       2     |                 sese: simply = inaniter as in 34, 47, i.e. without
427     Not,       2     |                 the only word in Latin, as διανοια is in Greek, to
428     Not,       2     |           argument has the same purpose as that in the last section,
429     Not,       2     |                 same effect on the mind as those which proceed from
430     Not,       2     |                  the ut here is merely "as," "for instance," cf. n.
431     Not,       2     |          sensations which are probable (as the Stoics allow), why should
432     Not,       2     |            false sensations so probable as to be with difficulty distinguishable
433     Not,       2     |              the true? The rest exactly as in 47.~§§49—53. Antiochus
434     Not,       2     |                attacked these arguments as soritae, and therefore faulty (
435     Not,       2     |                 dreaming sensations are as vivid as our waking ones.
436     Not,       2     |                 sensations are as vivid as our waking ones. This we
437     Not,       2     |             Primum quidque: not quodque as Klotz; cf. M.D.F. II. 105,
438     Not,       2     |           before eorum, this however is as impossible in Cic. as the
439     Not,       2     |                is as impossible in Cic. as the c before a guttural
440     Not,       2     |               sed quod fieri debuerit." As such passages are often
441     Not,       2     |               most rationally explained as elliptic constructions in
442     Not,       2     |              expressed without si, just as in Eng. without "if," cf.
443     Not,       2     |                suppressed protasis, but as in his Gram. 351 b, obs.
444     Not,       2     |                72). This ingenious but, as I think, improbable conj.
445     Not,       2     |                Absolute ita paris: Halm as well as Bait. after Christ,
446     Not,       2     |                 ita paris: Halm as well as Bait. after Christ, brackets
447     Not,       2     |               is assigned to a sceptic. As it stands in the text the
448     Not,       2     |                in the following clause, as in the famous passage of
449     Not,       2     |                  either this is future, as in 109, or sequeris, the
450     Not,       2     |               the latter see n. on 81). As aliquis is substantival,
451     Not,       2     |                than the use of ne alone as in vero falsone. Memoriter:
452     Not,       2     |                make this mean e memoria as opposed to de scripto; he
453     Not,       2     |               ejects non, taking tantum as hoc tantum, nihil praeterea.
454     Not,       2     |                   not quandam orationem as Lamb., Orelli. De ipsa re:
455     Not,       2     |              either to read respondere (as Dav., Bait.) or to insert
456     Not,       2     |                 Bait.) or to insert me (as Lamb.), see n. on I. 7.~§
457     Not,       2     |                qu. this passage wrongly as from the Hortensius. He
458     Not,       2     |                 it seems at first sight as though adsentiri and opinari
459     Not,       2     |                 places in this passage, as Manut. proposes. The difficulty
460     Not,       2     |             Carneades sometimes granted as a second premiss the following
461     Not,       2     |             thus, (1) Si ulli rei, etc. as above, (2) adsentietur autem
462     Not,       2     |               words are often confused, as in T.D. IV. 7, cf. also
463     Not,       2     |                 P.H. I. 33 he quotes it as an instance of the refutation
464     Not,       2     |                 Sophistes: here treated as the demagogue of philosophy.
465     Not,       2     |       επιδειξεος.~§73. Democrito: Cic., as Madv. remarks on D.F. I.
466     Not,       2     |       superficial appearances of things as shown by sense. He was,
467     Not,       2     |              ετεηι and not merely νομωι as appearances do. See R. and
468     Not,       2     |                 The dialogues of search as they are called, while exposing
469     Not,       2     |               Videorne: = nonne videor, as videsne = nonne vides. Imitari
470     Not,       2     |            occur in ancient authorities as a term of the Cyrenaic school;
471     Not,       2     |               406, and such expressions as dicere solebat perturbatum
472     Not,       2     |               should concessit be read, as in 118 concessisse is now
473     Not,       2     |               which is of such a nature as to have lasted". Nam illud ...
474     Not,       2     |            because my vision is narrow, as because it deceives me (
475     Not,       2     |                  however, quod be taken as the conjunction, and not
476     Not,       2     |                the conjunction, and not as the pronoun, id is not altogether
477     Not,       2     |              may observe, not Epicurus, as Orelli takes it, but Lucullus.
478     Not,       2     |           lacera est ista causa. Habes: as two good MSS. have habes
479     Not,       2     |                Madv. Em. 177 took verum as meaning fair, candid, in
480     Not,       2     |        importata, a good em. is needed, as importune does not suit
481     Not,       2     |         Lucretius gives the same answer as Timagoras, propter opinatus
482     Not,       2     |               opinatus animi (IV. 465), as does Sext. A.M. VII. 210
483     Not,       2     |                have audies ... agerent. As the insertion of n in the
484     Not,       2     |             however joins the two verbs as in De Or. III. 161. O praeclarum
485     Not,       2     |              contradict his rule. It is as difficult to define the
486     Not,       2     |             uses of the two expressions as to define those of aliquis
487     Not,       2     |               without need read acutius as Goer. did in 69. Illos pisces:
488     Not,       2     |           phrase, like λοιδορεσθαι τινι as opposed to λοιδορειν τινα
489     Not,       2     |             uses the same illustration, as in P.H. I. 107, A.M. VII.
490     Not,       2     |                  cf. also 77. Epicurus: as above in 19, 79 etc.~§84.
491     Not,       2     |               have aqua, an error easy, as Halm notes, to a scribe
492     Not,       2     |              make statues of Alexander, as Apelles alone was allowed
493     Not,       2     |              the meaning "to be drunk," as in Plaut. Mostellaria I.
494     Not,       2     |                the hero, after killing, as he thinks, the Atridae,
495     Not,       2     |            Moveretur: imperf. for plup. as in 90. Alcmaeo tuus: cf.
496     Not,       2     |             ακερσεκομης, "never shorn," as Milton translates it. Luna
497     Not,       2     |                 strangely explains luna as = arcu ipso lunato, Dav.
498     Not,       2     |              the passage to make sense, as it is the utterance of a
499     Not,       2     |               not regard luna and Diana as distinct.~§90. Illa falsa:
500     Not,       2     |             uses very similar language, as in P.H. I. 22, qu. in n.