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  1     Pre              |         the philosophical works of Cicero are studied, but especially
  2     Pre              |        such information concerning Cicero's philosophical views and
  3     Pre              |          the philosophy with which Cicero deals.~My text may be said
  4     Pre              |         appeared in the edition of Cicero's philosophical works published
  5     Pre              |         Orelli's second edition of Cicero's works, which was interrupted
  6     Pre              |           s text in the edition of Cicero's works by himself and Kayser.
  7     Pre              |         every succeeding editor of Cicero must build. His edition
  8     Pre              |            a philosophical work of Cicero. Students at the Universities
  9     Pre              |         has treated any portion of Cicero's philosophical works with
 10     Pre              |            less edited portions of Cicero's writings.~In dealing with
 11    Abbr              |          USED IN THIS WORK.~Cic. = Cicero; Ac., Acad. = Academica;
 12     Int              |                   THE ACADEMICA OF CICERO.~[i] ~INTRODUCTION.~
 13     Int,       I     |                                 I. Cicero as a Student of Philosophy
 14     Int,       I     |            B.C.~It would seem that Cicero's love for literature was
 15     Int,       I     |          conjecture, led the young Cicero to feel the importance of
 16     Int,       I     |           discipline of the time.2~Cicero's first systematic lessons
 17     Int,       I     |            of his life a friend of Cicero, who speaks warmly in praise
 18     Int,       I     |       possess any literary power.4 Cicero soon abandoned Epicureanism,
 19     Int,       I     |         time (i.e. before 88 B.C.) Cicero also heard the lectures
 20     Int,       I     |        dialectic.6 This art, which Cicero deems so important to the
 21     Int,       I     |        Stoic school. For some time Cicero spent all his days with
 22     Int,       I     |       Laelius, became an inmate of Cicero's house, where he died in
 23     Int,       I     |          iii] men of his time, and Cicero's feelings towards him were
 24     Int,       I     |           the practice of oratory. Cicero had scarcely heard him before
 25     Int,       I     |            We thus see that before Cicero was twenty years of age,
 26     Int,       I     |        Rhodian ambassador at Rome, Cicero gained valuable information
 27     Int,       I     |       During the years 88—81 B.C., Cicero employed himself incessantly
 28     Int,       I     |          their regular course, and Cicero appeared as a pleader in
 29     Int,       I     |            Roscius. The silence of Cicero is enough to condemn this
 30     Int,       I     |    evidence than that of Plutarch. Cicero himself, even when mentioning
 31     Int,       I     |         advice of Philo himself15, Cicero attended the lectures of
 32     Int,       I     |           the Epicurean school. In Cicero's later works there are
 33     Int,       I     |           that Zeno is numbered by Cicero among those pupils and admirers
 34     Int,       I     |          all other philosophers19, Cicero spent much time in listening
 35     Int,       I     |         nowhere explicitly stated. Cicero must at this time have attained
 36     Int,       I     | Peripatetic teacher whose lectures Cicero might have attended, though
 37     Int,       I     |            in the De Oratore, that Cicero knew himm through Piso.
 38     Int,       I     |             is frequently named by Cicero, but never as an acquaintance.
 39     Int,       I     |     philosopher from whose lessons Cicero certainly learned most at
 40     Int,       I     |       between Philo and Antiochus, Cicero still continued to think
 41     Int,       I     |            after Stoic principles. Cicero speaks of him as eminent
 42     Int,       I     |           up between Antiochus and Cicero27, which was strengthened
 43     Int,       I     |   Antiochus. It is improbable that Cicero at this time became acquainted
 44     Int,       I     |        show that he was unknown to Cicero in B.C. 62.~[vii] The main
 45     Int,       I     |           vii] The main purpose of Cicero while at Athens had been
 46     Int,       I     |           of the Rhodian school29. Cicero, however, formed while at
 47     Int,       I     |           Stoic of the age. To him Cicero makes reference in his works
 48     Int,       I     |       expression of affection, and Cicero tells us that he read his
 49     Int,       I     |    resident at Rome, and stayed in Cicero's house. Hecato the Rhodian,
 50     Int,       I     |         earlier time, and although Cicero was well acquainted with
 51     Int,       I     |          series of letters begins, Cicero was doubtless too busily
 52     Int,       I     |     library, which he presented to Cicero. It was in Greece at the
 53     Int,       I     |            Greece at the time, and Cicero thus writes to Atticus: "
 54     Int,       I     |            this period of his life Cicero spent much time in study
 55     Int,       I     |        idea now spread abroad that Cicero was a mere dabbler in literature,
 56     Int,       I     |           B.C. were years in which Cicero's private cares overwhelmed
 57     Int,       I     |            schools.~In the year 51 Cicero, then on his way to Cilicia,
 58     Int,       I     |           mention in the Brutus47. Cicero also speaks in kindly terms
 59     Int,       I     |           It was at this time that Cicero interfered to prevent Memmius,
 60     Int,       I     |        which Epicurus had lived48. Cicero seems to have been somewhat
 61     Int,       I     |        resident at Mitylene, where Cicero seems to have passed some
 62     Int,       I     |           was by far the greatest, Cicero said, of all the Peripatetics
 63     Int,       I     |           Cilicia enough to employ Cicero's thoughts till the end
 64     Int,       I     |     inscriptions. Of this practice Cicero speaks with loathing. In
 65     Int,       I     |         city some signal favour55. Cicero was anxious to show Rhodes,
 66     Int,       I     |         they went to Athens, where Cicero again stayed with Aristus57,
 67     Int,       I     |            friend of Atticus58.~On Cicero's return to Italy public
 68     Int,       I     |            time are very pathetic. Cicero several times contrasts
 69     Int,       I     |              It is curious to find Cicero, in the very midst of civil
 70     Int,       I     |           unpleasant64.~As soon as Cicero had become fully reconciled
 71     Int,       I     |           of my task; I have shown Cicero as the man of letters and
 72     Int,       I     |      actual philosophical works of Cicero, is sufficient to justify
 73     Int,       I     |           opportunity of defending Cicero's substantial accuracy;
 74     Int,       I     |          produce a low estimate of Cicero's philosophical attainments,
 75     Int,       I     |           the present. It is this. Cicero, the philosopher, is made
 76     Int,       I     |            for the shortcomings of Cicero the politician. Scholars
 77     Int,      II     |          Philosophical Opinions of Cicero.~In order to define with
 78     Int,      II     |          clearness the position of Cicero as a student of philosophy,
 79     Int,      II     |             but as they existed in Cicero's age; Stoicism not as Zeno
 80     Int,      II     |         still a great desideratum. Cicero's statements concerning
 81     Int,      II     |          is at once concluded that Cicero is in gross error, whereas,
 82     Int,      II     |      outline the relation in which Cicero stands to the chief schools.~
 83     Int,      II     |          Greek philosophy were, as Cicero often insists, the establishment
 84     Int,      II     |           We have in the Academica Cicero's view of the first problem:
 85     Int,      II     |        refinements, I may say that Cicero in this respect was in substantial
 86     Int,      II     |        distinctively New Academic, Cicero followed the New Academy.~
 87     Int,      II     |            such a tenet to attract Cicero. Nothing was more repulsive
 88     Int,      II     |         the only prudent course74. Cicero's temperament also, apart
 89     Int,      II     |          feeling thoroughly Roman. Cicero further urges arguments
 90     Int,      II     |      loudly raised its voice, says Cicero, there philosophy has pined.
 91     Int,      II     |        laid it down82. So far does Cicero carry this freedom, that
 92     Int,      II     |           philosophic bohemianism, Cicero indignantly repels the charge
 93     Int,      II     |      consideration which attracted Cicero to these tenets was their
 94     Int,      II     |        unlock many difficulties in Cicero's philosophical writings.
 95     Int,      II     |           much trouble to editors. Cicero is there charged by Varro
 96     Int,      II     |           hand, in the works which Cicero had written and published
 97     Int,      II     |          would naturally look upon Cicero as a supporter of their "
 98     Int,      II     |         that for many years before Cicero wrote, the Academic dialectic
 99     Int,      II     |           this the case, that when Cicero wrote the Academica he was
100     Int,      II     |          and discredited school96.~Cicero's ethics, then, stand quite
101     Int,      II     |   principles had an attraction for Cicero. He was fascinated by the
102     Int,      II     |         human world, which allured Cicero more than the barrenness
103     Int,      II     |            in a remarkable passage Cicero agrees with them, explicitly
104     Int,      II     |           the Old Academy. This is Cicero's general feeling with regard
105     Int,      II     |            had stolen them before. Cicero, however, regarded chiefly
106     Int,      II     |   difference between Antiochus and Cicero lies. To the former Zeno'
107     Int,      II     |          of doubt106. On the whole Cicero was more in accord with
108     Int,      II     |       reserve the Stoic paradoxes, Cicero hesitatingly followed them,
109     Int,      II     |            all emotion was sinful; Cicero, who was very human in his
110     Int,      II     |       admitted that on some points Cicero was inconsistent. In the
111     Int,      II     |            small importance was in Cicero's time attached to this
112     Int,      II     |           The religious element in Cicero's nature inclined him very
113     Int,      II     |         were denied109. It went to Cicero's heart that Carneades should
114     Int,      II     |   following the Stoics in physics, Cicero often believed himself to
115     Int,      II     |    Aristotle had fallen111. Still, Cicero contrives to correct many
116     Int,      II     |        main Aristotelian, and that Cicero was well aware of the fact.~
117     Int,      II     |           in order to characterize Cicero's estimate of the Peripatetic
118     Int,      II     |          influenced by the school, Cicero generally [xxv] treats it
119     Int,      II     |       ethical doctrines excited in Cicero nothing but loathing, dialectic
120     Int,     III     |                    III. The aim of Cicero in writing his philosophical
121     Int,     III     |       works.~It is usual to charge Cicero with a want of originality
122     Int,     III     |       misconception, not merely of Cicero's purpose in writing, but
123     Int,     III     |            Greeks is of any value, Cicero's works are of equal value,
124     Int,     III     |             This is a virtue which Cicero never claims. There is scarcely
125     Int,     III     |    Christian religion itself.~When Cicero began to write, the Latin
126     Int,     III     |     favourable reception, that, in Cicero's strong language, they
127     Int,     III     |            noted of these writers. Cicero assigns various reasons
128     Int,     III     | continually reproached [xxviii] by Cicero for their uncouth style
129     Int,     III     |         discuss, as to the reasons Cicero had for omitting all mention
130     Int,     III     |   undermine Epicureanism in Italy, Cicero had a patriotic wish to
131     Int,     III     |     already on the wane in Greece, Cicero thought it would flourish
132     Int,     III     |         There can be no doubt that Cicero was penetrated by the belief
133     Int,     III     |            men of the time124. For Cicero idleness was misery, and
134     Int,     III     |              It is strange to find Cicero making such elaborate apologies
135     Int,     III     |            Some few preferred that Cicero should write on other subjects129.
136     Int,     III     |   philosophical works to encourage Cicero to proceed. The elder generation,
137     Int,     III     |            to write philosophy130. Cicero now extended his design,
138     Int,     III     |       philosophical encyclopaedia. Cicero never claimed to be more
139     Int,     III     |            copies, or perhaps make Cicero suffer for the supposed
140     Int,     III     |   accordance with Greek precedent, Cicero claims to have his oratorical
141     Int,     III     |         the philosophical works of Cicero, and the dates of their
142     Int,     III     |           Dict. of Biography, Art. Cicero. ~
143     Int,      IV     |     Tusculum in February, 45 B.C., Cicero took refuge in the solitude
144     Int,      IV     |            is found in a letter of Cicero to Atticus, which seems
145     Int,      IV     |         Oratore140, [xxxiii] where Cicero speaks of the combined Academic
146     Int,      IV     |           In the beginning of June Cicero spent a few days at his
147     Int,      IV     |      Before setting out for Antium Cicero [xxxiv] wrote to Atticus
148     Int,      IV(149)|                               Über Cicero's Akademika, p. 4.~
149     Int,      IV     |           an unfinished state when Cicero began to revise the Academica151.
150     Int,      IV     |           and even at a later date Cicero complains that Balbus had
151     Int,      IV     |        works cannot be those which Cicero describes as having been
152     Int,      IV     |       obtains its natural meaning. Cicero uses the word συνταξις of
153     Int,      IV     |        then, to refer the words of Cicero to the Catulus and Lucullus.
154     Int,      IV     |            found in the letters of Cicero. We are quite certain that
155     Int,      IV     |         alone159, but the words of Cicero in the De Finibus160 place
156     Int,      IV     |        tone, than any two works of Cicero, excepting perhaps the Academica
157     Int,      IV     |           middle of June, B.C. 45, Cicero sent Atticus the Torquatus,
158     Int,      IV     |      affixed. Atticus, who visited Cicero at Tusculum, had doubtless
159     Int,      IV     |            not uncharacteristic of Cicero that his first plan for
160     Int,      IV     |      unpleasant visits received by Cicero at Tusculum was one from
161     Int,      IV     |        Varro166.~On the 23rd July, Cicero left Home for Arpinum, in
162     Int,      IV     |      Academica, the De Finibus170. Cicero had never been very intimate
163     Int,      IV     |        years before he had pressed Cicero to find room in his works
164     Int,      IV     |            written, to dedicate to Cicero his great work De Lingua
165     Int,      IV     |         later entreaty of Atticus, Cicero declared himself very much
166     Int,      IV     |            this it is evident that Cicero knew nothing of the scope
167     Int,      IV     |        these causes for grumbling, Cicero thought the suggestion of
168     Int,      IV     |       during the first few days of Cicero's stay at Arpinum, so he
169     Int,      IV     |            so pleased with it that Cicero determined to confer upon
170     Int,      IV     |          was vigorously pushed on, Cicero had constant doubts about
171     Int,      IV     |      naturally grew impatient, and Cicero was obliged to assure him
172     Int,      IV     |         some later letters. In one Cicero said: "I am in favour of
173     Int,      IV     |         perceive to be untrue183." Cicero, then, feared Varro's temper,
174     Int,      IV     |             xl] had concluded that Cicero was afraid of the effect
175     Int,      IV     |            the public. This notion Cicero assured him to be wrong;
176     Int,      IV     |         Varro, and to have assured Cicero that there was no cause
177     Int,      IV     |            jealous of some to whom Cicero had shown more favour186.
178     Int,      IV     |            more favour186. We find Cicero eagerly asking for more
179     Int,      IV     |     jealous? It seems strange that Cicero should not have entered
180     Int,      IV     |         carried out. Thus although Cicero saw Brutus frequently while
181     Int,      IV     |           about the dedication187.~Cicero's own judgment about the
182     Int,      IV(187)|            these letters. He makes Cicero execute the second edition
183     Int,      IV     |           sent to Atticus at Rome, Cicero was still uneasy as to the
184     Int,      IV     |         had passed into his hands, Cicero begged him to take all precautions
185     Int,      IV     |     apparently a day or two later, Cicero declared his intention [
186     Int,      IV     |            did not take place, but Cicero left the four books in Atticus'
187     Int,      IV     |          By this time, then," says Cicero, when he gets the letter, "
188     Int,      IV     |           of August, 45 B.C., when Cicero was hard at work on the
189     Int,      IV     |            from a letter, in which Cicero begs Atticus to ask Varro
190     Int,      IV     |          fact we may conclude that Cicero had given up all hope of
191     Int,      IV     |     contradict my supposition, for Cicero of course assumes that Atticus,
192     Int,      IV     |            early as Pliny205, that Cicero had a villa called Academia,
193     Int,      IV     |         the book, as gathered from Cicero's letters to Atticus. That
194     Int,      IV     |          the senatorial party whom Cicero so loves to honour. The
195     Int,      IV     |           of their connection with Cicero.~Catulus the younger need
196     Int,      IV     |          received from his father. Cicero would, doubtless, have preferred
197     Int,      IV     |      amount to απαιδευσια, or else Cicero could not have made Catulus
198     Int,      IV     |          the Hortensius212. Though Cicero sometimes classes the father
199     Int,      IV     |           he was closely linked to Cicero by other ties. During all
200     Int,      IV     |           most brilliant period of Cicero's life, Catulus was one
201     Int,      IV     |           pillars of the state215, Cicero cries, and deserves to be
202     Int,      IV     |           his death221.~Apart from Cicero's general agreement with
203     Int,      IV     |         was the first to confer on Cicero the greatest glory of his
204     Int,      IV     |        country222." So closely did Cicero suppose himself to be allied
205     Int,      IV     |      Catulus, often referred to by Cicero, that Rome had never been
206     Int,      IV     |       contrast between the zeal of Cicero and the lukewarmness of
207     Int,      IV     |             who wrote in honour of Cicero's consulship, lived in the
208     Int,      IV     |             We have seen that when Cicero found it too late to withdraw
209     Int,      IV     |          and from our knowledge of Cicero's habit in such matters,
210     Int,      IV     |         its lustre on the younger. Cicero's glorious consulship was
211     Int,      IV     |          the fervid language which Cicero lavishes on the same theme
212     Int,      IV     |         the poem he had written in Cicero's honour. Then the occasion
213     Int,      IV     |          died, and 63, the year of Cicero's consulship, which is alluded
214     Int,      IV     |       arrangement of his dialogues Cicero took every precaution against
215     Int,      IV     |        xlviii] which would fall to Cicero's share, a proposal was
216     Int,      IV     |            the many passages where Cicero speaks of him, he seldom
217     Int,      IV     |           philosophy. He was, says Cicero, the kindest, the most upright,
218     Int,      IV     |           style of Xenophon, which Cicero had imitated238, and was
219     Int,      IV     |            or Peripatetic Schools. Cicero repeatedly asserts that
220     Int,      IV     |           the prominent Academics, Cicero would not have failed to
221     Int,      IV     |          to be distinctly aimed at Cicero, who must have represented
222     Int,      IV     |       incisive orator of the party—Cicero himself. These conjectures
223     Int,      IV     |       dialogue was mainly drawn by Cicero from the writings of Clitomachus.~
224     Int,      IV     |          which Hortensius stood to Cicero, also his character and
225     Int,      IV     |         for an educated man to be. Cicero's materials for the speech
226     Int,      IV     |         Hortensius was answered by Cicero himself. If my view of the
227     Int,      IV     |     correct, [liv] it follows that Cicero in his reply pursued the
228     Int,      IV     |        Plato, and Socrates264. But Cicero did not merely give a historical
229     Int,      IV     |          made by Lucullus266. That Cicero's criticism of the dogmatic
230     Int,      IV     |           the main purpose [lv] of Cicero in this speech was to justify
231     Int,      IV     |         some considerable space in Cicero's speech, although foreign
232     Int,      IV     |            the elaborate speech of Cicero in the Lucullus proves that
233     Int,      IV     |       statement of the day before. Cicero's argument in the Catulus
234     Int,      IV     |           Catulus, Hortensius, and Cicero had gone over nearly the
235     Int,      IV     |      question remains: how far did Cicero defend Philo against the
236     Int,      IV     |           opinion I cannot concur. Cicero never appears elsewhere
237     Int,      IV     |               It follows that when Cicero, in his letter of dedication
238     Int,      IV     |          The two chief sources for Cicero's speech in the Catulus
239     Int,      IV     |         for his villa at Neapolis, Cicero for his at Pompeii278. Bauli
240     Int,      IV(277)|        Krische supposes, the villa Cicero wished to buy after Hortensius'
241     Int,      IV     |          thirty stadia distant281.~Cicero strove to give vividness
242     Int,      IV     |           which were pressing upon Cicero when he wrote the work are
243     Int,      IV     |         especially acknowledged by Cicero to be drawn from the works
244     Int,      IV     |    learning of Lucullus is told in Cicero's dialogue, and the passages
245     Int,      IV     |           as we have already seen, Cicero acknowledged in his letters
246     Int,      IV     |          mainly a reply to that of Cicero in the Catulus. Any closer
247     Int,      IV     |            The same may be said of Cicero's answer.~In the intermediate
248     Int,      IV     |       tutor to Lucullus' son, with Cicero for a sort of adviser: while
249     Int,      IV     |          lived to be present, with Cicero, during the war between
250     Int,      IV     |             and Caesar. Brutus and Cicero were both friends of Antiochus
251     Int,      IV     |           The Second Edition.~When Cicero dedicated the Academica
252     Int,      IV     |          accessories of the piece. Cicero had a villa close to the
253     Int,      IV     |           can be shown that Varro, Cicero and Atticus could not have
254     Int,      IV     |        have met together at Cumae. Cicero therefore for once admits
255     Int,      IV     |           once occur to Varro, and Cicero anticipates his wonder in
256     Int,      IV     |       between his life and that of Cicero, with a few words about
257     Int,      IV     |            have of Varro in any of Cicero's writings is in itself
258     Int,      IV     |       exile. In writing to Atticus Cicero had eulogised Varro; and
259     Int,      IV     |            are in the same strain. Cicero had to be pressed to write
260     Int,      IV     |         Several passages show that Cicero refused to believe in Varro'
261     Int,      IV     |         reported by Atticus299. On Cicero's return from exile, he
262     Int,      IV     |        fall of the Pompeian cause, Cicero and Varro do seem to have
263     Int,      IV     |         different from the letters Cicero addressed to his real intimates,
264     Int,      IV     |          lxii] no means natural to Cicero. The negotiations between
265     Int,      IV     |   negotiations between Atticus and Cicero with respect to the dedication
266     Int,      IV(300)|          are the only letters from Cicero to Varro preserved in our
267     Int,      IV     |          is no reason for accusing Cicero of having mistaken Varro'
268     Int,      IV     |            position, [lxiii] which Cicero had given in the first edition
269     Int,      IV(303)|            50. Brückner, Leben des Cicero, I. p. 655, follows Müller.~
270     Int,      IV     |         Book II.: an exposition by Cicero of Carneades' positive teaching,
271     Int,      IV     |         part of the answer made by Cicero to Hortensius. Book III.:
272     Int,      IV     |        speech of Varro in reply to Cicero, closely corresponding to
273     Int,      IV     |       Lucullus in ed. 1. Book IV.: Cicero's answer, substantially
274       I,       I     |       dissidere, dictum a gladiis. Cicero Academicorum lib. I.: quid
275       I,      II     |           Aequor ab aequo et plano Cicero Academicorum lib. II. vocabulum
276       I,      II     |           4. Nonius p. 69. Adamare Cicero Academicorum lib. II.: qui
277       I,      II     |            exempla boni ostentare. Cicero Academicis lib. II.: frangere
278       I,      II     |            pro obscuro aut obtuso. Cicero Academicorum lib. II.: quid?
279       I,      II     |        Nonius p. 162. Purpurascit. Cicero Academicorum lib. II.: quid?
280       I,     III     |                      EX LIBRO III.~Cicero ad Att. XVI. 6. §4. De gloria
281       I,     III     |   Vindicare, trahere, liberare ... Cicero Academicorum lib. III.:
282       I,     III     |      Lactantius Inst. div. VI. 24. Cicero ... cuius haec in Academico
283       I,     III     |          Ciceronem tertio fixum et Cicero Academicorum tertio (= Lucullus §
284       I,    IIII     |           abrasum vel effossum ... Cicero dolatum Academicorum lib.
285       I,    IIII     |             517, p. 444, ed. Kopp. Cicero ... in Academicis: latent
286       I,     Inc     |           Haec tua verba sunt (sc. Cicero!): mihi autem non modo ad
287       I,     Inc     |           Acad. III. §43. Ait enim Cicero illis (i.e. Academicis)
288     Not,       1     |           the word eum is quite in Cicero's style (see my note on
289     Not,       1     |           I believe, be far nearer Cicero's real writing. Though I
290     Not,       1     |    naturally supposed a gloss. But Cicero is nothing if not tautological;
291     Not,       1     |           reading, for Greece with Cicero is the supreme arbiter of
292     Not,       1     |            see note on II. 77, for Cicero's supposed conversion see
293     Not,       1     |             was the popular one in Cicero's time, cf. II. 123, T.D.
294     Not,       1     |          long ceased. Krische Uber Cicero's Akademika p. 51, has some
295     Not,       1     |     generally attributed to him in Cicero's time, so by Varro himself (
296     Not,       1     |           belong to the quaedam of Cicero, while πλουτος αρχη ευτυχια
297     Not,       1     |            recognise the fact that Cicero has perfectly correctly
298     Not,       1     |         disserendo: an instance of Cicero's fondness for tautology,
299     Not,       1     |      confusion must not be laid at Cicero's door, for Antiochus in
300     Not,       1     |        driven to desperate shifts. Cicero's very knowledge of Plato
301     Not,       1     |          Antiochus' real view with Cicero's reminiscences of the Theaetetus
302     Not,       1     |            the rest have. Notio is Cicero's regular translation for
303     Not,       1     |        philosophy in order to save Cicero's consistency. On the other
304     Not,       1     |        meaning. Now I contend that Cicero's words minoris aestimanda
305     Not,       1     |            therefore conclude that Cicero has striven, so far as the
306     Not,       1     |           as there is for accusing Cicero. There are difficulties
307     Not,       1     |           what power this had over Cicero. Further, Cic. would naturally
308     Not,       1     |             cf. II. 134.~§§43—end. Cicero's historical justification
309     Not,       2     |       Academy with which I suppose Cicero to have concluded the first
310     Not,       2     |         have imitated that part of Cicero's exposition to which this
311     Not,       2     |          part of Varro's answer to Cicero, which corresponded in substance
312     Not,       2     |          find parallels to this in Cicero's speech than in that of
313     Not,       2     |    probabile was incorporated with Cicero's speech in the second book
314     Not,       2     |           of Catulus or in that of Cicero. As no reason whatever appears
315     Not,       2     |            posse. These I refer to Cicero's development of the probabile
316     Not,       2     |         leniter.~§§13—18. Summary. Cicero seems to me to have acted
317     Not,       2     |          Cont. Acad. II. 11 quotes Cicero's definition and condenses
318     Not,       2     |          Adv. Math. VII. 244, 414. Cicero, in his speech of the day
319     Not,       2     |        often followed by deinde in Cicero. Primum is out of position,
320     Not,       2     |           et aperta partitione nec Cicero nec alius quisquam aliquis—
321     Not,       2     |          authority! (60). Can you, Cicero, the panegyrist of philosophy,
322     Not,       2     |           authority must have been Cicero), be attributed to the first
323     Not,       2     |            from being surprised at Cicero's acceptance. I have already
324     Not,       2     |          geometer rears upon them. Cicero is arguing as in 128 against
325     Not,       2     |          home the dilemma in which Cicero has placed the supposed
326     Not,       2     |            I have given because of Cicero's fondness for making the