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St. Justin Martyr Hortatory address to the Greeks Concordances (Hapax - words occurring once) |
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1 VII| writings, they have chosen to abide in harmony not even with 2 XVI| piety alone.~ Who shall abjure all shrines which they may 3 XXXVI| inflict upon him. For the above-mentioned men, presenting their elegant 4 IX| said that Amasis the king acceded to the government, whom 5 XXVIII| fancied they would obtain access to heaven, he will find 6 XXVI| hope, the nurse of age, accompanies, cheering his heart, for 7 XXXVII| had long ago predicted was accomplished; and on this account he 8 XXXIII| lay himself open to the accusation of the Athenians, that he 9 XX| against himself, who should accuse him before the Athenians, 10 XXXII| enemy to the Greeks, he acknowledges, indeed, that it comes down 11 XX| mischievously busy, not acknowledging the gods recognised by the 12 XXXI| FURTHER PROOF OF PLATO'S ACQUAINTANCE WITH SCRIPTURE.~ ~For from 13 XXVIII| bound,~ O'erspread nine acres of infernal ground;~ Two 14 II| consort thus,~ Nor sweet Acrisian Danae, from whom~ Sprang 15 X| chosen to record his life and actions, and the rank of his descent, -- 16 VI| Aristotle, naming it "the actuality," would have it to be mortal, 17 XXXVIII| first of men, and called him Adam." And this hymn is preserved 18 XVIII| if it is needful that we add testimonies concerning one 19 XXIII| Plato, through fear of the adherents of polytheism, introduces 20 IX| provinces, and to the general administration of the government of Egypt. 21 XIX| of all the ages, and the administrator of His own powers and works, 22 IV| can neither be broken, nor admit of any formation of their 23 IV| bodies perceptible by reason, admitting no vacuity, unbegotten, 24 X| on account of his being adopted by the king's daughter as 25 XXXIII| that he was completely adopting the expressions of Moses. 26 XIV| in Egypt, and had taken advantage of the history of Moses, 27 XXXV| you are possessed of all advantages, do you give yourselves 28 II| When that same son of Aegis-bearing Jove~ Assail'd him in the 29 XXXVII| out of one stone; a vast affair, and worthy of all admiration. 30 IX| informed writers on Jewish affairs, Philo and Josephus, have 31 XXVIII| gods they challenge, and affect the skies.~ Heav'd on Olympus 32 VI| the faculty of reason, of affection, and of appetite. But Aristotle 33 XXIII| thus: "It is necessary to affirm that God cannot suffer violence."~ ~ 34 XIII| appointed to this duty, to afford them all attendance, but 35 VI| all that is produced, and affords to God opportunity for His 36 XXXVII| saw that what she had long ago predicted was accomplished; 37 IV| by reason. Empedocles of Agrigentum, son of Meton, maintained 38 II| time concerning Hector:~ ~Ah! I behold a warrior dear 39 XXXVII| truths which seem to be much akin to the teaching of the prophets. 40 XXX| single combat with becoming alacrity -- ~ ~To earth and water 41 II| concerning his own son:~ ~Alas! he falls, my most beloved 42 II| nor yet Semele,~ Nor yet Alcmene, who in Thebes produced~ 43 XVI| invisible, most high,~ All-seeing, but Himself seen by no 44 III| poets, because you say it is allowable for them to frame myths, 45 XXXVIII| a hymn of praise to the Almighty God, in the middle of the 46 II| Mars had his suff'rings; by Aloeus sons,~ Otus and Ephialtes, 47 XXXI| magniloquent Plato shouts aloud with vast assurance, "The 48 | already 49 XVI| which they may see,~ All altars and vain figures of dumb 50 IV| formation of their parts, nor alteration, and are therefore perceptible 51 XIII| things, he was struck with amazement, and believed that the translation 52 XXII| CHAPTER XXII. -- STUDIED AMBIGUITY PLATO.~ ~Plato accordingly 53 XX| contrives an elaborate and ambiguous discourse concerning the 54 XXVII| Tartams. Hence, he said, that amidst all their various fears, 55 II| Juno, too, suffer'd, when Amphitryon's son~ Thro'her right breast 56 III| do all things terminate. Anaxagoras of Clazomenae said that 57 III| resolved. And after him Anaximander, who came from the same 58 III| this do all decay. Thirdly, Anaximenes -- and he too was from Miletus -- 59 XIV| godliness of Moses and his ancestry. For I think that some of 60 III| that we commence with the ancients and the earliest, beginning 61 II| enforc'd~ Restrain thine anger: we, in heav'n who dwell,~ 62 II| And wrought him keenest anguish; pierced with pain,~ To 63 XVI| and stained with blood of animals,~ And sacrifice of the four-fooled 64 XIX| all, the intelligence and animating soul of the universe, the 65 XXIV| lived godly, you say the answer was:~ ~Only the Chaldaeans 66 XI| you say that the oracle answered thus: "Only the Chaldaeans 67 VII| judgment, that they have been anxious to convict one another of 68 XX| also should raise up some Anytus or Meletus against himself, 69 IX| of his Hellenics, and by Apion son of Posidonius in his 70 II| Neptune stood oppos'd~ Phoebus Apollo with his arrows keen;~ The 71 III| things. Archelaus, the son of Apollodorus, an Athenian, says that 72 XXXVI| the last expression of his apology which he uttered as he was 73 VI| reason, of affection, and of appetite. But Aristotle says that 74 XXVIII| fruitful mould;~ The reddening apple ripens here to gold.~ Here 75 XXVIII| following pear supplies,~ On apples, figs on figs arise.~ The 76 XXII| the expressions seems to apply to the ever-existent God. 77 XXII| former, indeed, which is apprehended by reflection combined with 78 XXVI| becomes, therefore, full of apprehension and dread, and begins to 79 XXVI| now torment his soul with apprehensions that they may be true. And 80 III| principles of all things. Archelaus, the son of Apollodorus, 81 II| To Juno, Dian, heav'nly archeress,~ Sister of Phoebus, golden-shafted 82 IX| the reign of Inachus over Argos the Jews revolted from Amasis 83 IV| them employing persuasive arguments for the establishment of 84 XXXII| our inquiry and discussion aright, virtue must be neither 85 XXVIII| On apples, figs on figs arise.~ The same mild season gives 86 XVI| remote Sibyl, whom Plato and Aristophanes, and others besides, mention 87 II| dispenser of war to the army, but also the cause of perjury 88 II| Phoebus Apollo with his arrows keen;~ The blue-eyed Pallas 89 XXXV| they do not present to you artful discourses, nor speak speciously 90 XXVII| should bellow when they ascended, since if it were silent 91 XXXV| histories of the prophets, and ascertain from them the true religion; 92 XXXVI| departed to the prison, ascribing to God alone the knowledge 93 IX| wrote, travelled over both Asia and Europe for the sake 94 XXXV| religion. Having then laid aside all false shame, and the 95 V| But I would be glad to ask, first of all, from those 96 II| son of Aegis-bearing Jove~ Assail'd him in the very gates 97 VII| first principle, and has asserted for its self-subsistence, 98 XII| during his reign Aristotle associated with him. From all manner 99 XXXVIII| from Him in power, having assumed man, who had been made in 100 XXXI| Plato shouts aloud with vast assurance, "The great Jove, indeed, 101 XXXVII| persons, often went quite astray from the accuracy of the 102 XXV| he feared those who were attached to polytheism. And whatever 103 XXI| might see that they were attaching themselves, not to beings, 104 VII| know, and their desire to attain accurate knowledge of things 105 IV| of their own errors, and attempting to prove their own peculiar 106 XXII| I think it necessary to attend to this also, that Plato 107 XIII| duty, to afford them all attendance, but to prevent communication 108 XXXI| insight. But Plato, not attending to the words with the suitable 109 IX| Philochorus(the author of The Attic History), Castor and Thallus 110 XXXIV| CHAPTER XXXIV. -- WHENCE MEN ATTRIBUTED TO GOD HUMAN FORM.~ ~And 111 XV| to the other legitimate auditors, concerning the one and 112 IX| Hellanicus and Philochorus(the author of The Attic History), Castor 113 IX| times in which he lived, on authorities which among you are worthy 114 XXVIII| sunny side,~ And there in autumn's richest purple dy'd.~ ~ 115 XXXII| wishing by all means to avoid mention of the Holy Spirit, 116 V| testimony of Homer; not being aware that if he used Homer as 117 XXXVII| prophets. She, they say, was of Babylonian extraction, being the daughter 118 IX| book, having said that he bad learned from the Egyptian 119 XXXVII| called Cumae, six miles from Baiae, where the hot springs of 120 XXXVI| elegant language as a kind of bait, have sought to seduce many 121 XXVIII| flourish round the year.~ The balmy spirit of the western gale~ 122 XXIV| How, then, does Plato banish Homer from his republic, 123 XII| action of the Greeks or Barbarians. But before that period 124 XXXVI| as you yourselves say, bears witness, saying, "Of all 125 | became 126 | becomes 127 | becoming 128 XXII| but that those that are begotten and made are generated and 129 XXVII| everything else, we suddenly beheld both him and others likewise, 130 II| concerning Hector:~ ~Ah! I behold a warrior dear to me~ Around 131 XXXVIII| hesitate and are hindered from belief regarding the formation 132 XXVII| greatest, lest the mouth should bellow when they ascended, since 133 XXVII| mouth would not permit, but bellowed when any of those who were 134 XXVIII| glows;~ The branch here bends beneath the weighty pear,~ 135 XXXVIII| recognise how great are the benefits which she will confer upon 136 XXXVII| extraction, being the daughter of Berosus, who wrote the Chaldaean 137 XXXV| you now show a desire to betake yourselves to that which 138 XXXVI| which of us goes to the better state, is hidden to all 139 II| bitterly complaining, and bewailing himself, and plotted against 140 XXXVIII| them abandoned through the bewitching counsel of the envious devil, 141 IV| unity and the indefinite binary. Epicurus, an Athenian, 142 II| Groaning, he came; the bitter shaft remain'd~ Deep in 143 II| introduces him in love, and bitterly complaining, and bewailing 144 XXVIII| branches run,~ Some dry the blackening clusters in the sun,~ Others 145 XXV| How, then, does Plato blame Homer for saying that the 146 XXV| very errors for which he blames Homer, though Homer said 147 V| not satisfied with this blasphemy against Plato, he further, 148 XVI| great God before all else,~ Blessing Him when they eat and when 149 XXX| clay he cast indignity,~ Blinded with rage.~ ~And again, 150 XXVIII| same mild season gives the blooms to blow,~ The buds to harden, 151 XXVIII| season gives the blooms to blow,~ The buds to harden, and 152 II| with his arrows keen;~ The blue-eyed Pallas to the god of war;~ 153 IX| lawgiver, they say, was Bocchoris the king, a wise and surpassingly 154 XXXV| of mankind, with all its bombastic parade and empty noise, 155 XXIII| still greater and mightier bond." Here Plato, through fear 156 XXXV| everlasting. For those who bootlessly disgrace the name of philosophy 157 XXXI| was over them above." And borrowing this idea, the magniloquent 158 XXVIII| pomegranate glows;~ The branch here bends beneath the weighty 159 XXVIII| Some to unload the fertile branches run,~ Some dry the blackening 160 XXVIII| the western gale~ Eternal breathes on fruits, untaught to fail;~ 161 II| feared him whom gods call Briareus, Zeus would have been bound 162 XXV| great deal of thought the brief participial expression, 163 IX| only performed the most brilliant military exploits of any 164 XVII| the wrath of Demeter, who brings the goodly fruit," Homer 165 XVIII| made the heavens and the broad earth beneath,~ The glancing 166 IV| indestructible, which can neither be broken, nor admit of any formation 167 XXVII| aged father and his elder brother, and done many other unhallowed 168 XXVIII| the blooms to blow,~ The buds to harden, and the fruits 169 XXVIII| to know something of the building of the tower by which the 170 XXI| the plurality of gods was burdening the soul of man like some 171 XXVII| when he was about to be buried on the twelfth day, and 172 XXIV| promise me, that, having burnished off my old age, He should 173 XX| making himself mischievously busy, not acknowledging the gods 174 XII| themselves prove, telling us that Cadmus first brought the letters 175 VII| stars; and others, number capable of motion; and others, a 176 XIV| you, when you read even carelessly the history of Diodorus, 177 XVIII| stone and wood,~ Or figures carved in brass or ivory,~ And, 178 II| thus we can gather from the case of Dione consoling her daughter; 179 IX| author of The Attic History), Castor and Thallus and Alexander 180 XXVIII| sorrow and melancholy, and causing forgetfulness of all ills," 181 XXV| prayer and sacrifices, to cease from and repent of their 182 II| Bacchus, joy of man;~ Nor Ceres golden-hair'd, nor high-enthron' 183 XXIV| For Homer, by that golden chain, refers all power and might 184 XXXVI| nature of the Euripus in Chalcis. Let not any one, therefore, 185 XXXVII| of Berosus, who wrote the Chaldaean History; and when she had 186 XXVI| she powerfully sways the changeful mind of mortals.'~ ~This 187 XXV| historians, in the foregoing chapters, that the law of Moses is 188 XXV| his own opinion. For being charmed with that saying of God 189 XXVI| nurse of age, accompanies, cheering his heart, for she powerfully 190 II| Have patience, dearest child; though much enforc'd~ Restrain 191 XV| out of good,~ Sending both chilling wars and tearful griefs;~ 192 VIII| INSPIRATION, AND HARMONY OF CHRISTIAN TEACHERS.~ ~Since therefore 193 XIII| producing them out of the Church, we should give occasion 194 XXXVII| city, ascertained from our cicerone, who showed us the places 195 XIX| wholly present in the whole circle, and beholding all generations; 196 III| THALES.~ ~And if you decline citing the poets, because you say 197 III| terminate. Anaxagoras of Clazomenae said that the homogeneous 198 XIX| And if you desire to see a clearer proof of the opinion of 199 XXVIII| Some dry the blackening clusters in the sun,~ Others to tread 200 XXIII| uncreated, and contemporary and coaeval with the maker, should resist 201 XXXVII| that there was a certain coffer made of brass in which they 202 XXX| Hector's challenge to single combat with becoming alacrity -- ~ ~ 203 XXII| apprehended by reflection combined with reason, always exists 204 III| since it is fit that we commence with the ancients and the 205 IX| history, wrote thus at the commencement of the history: "The jewish 206 XXVII| private sinners who had committed great crimes. And these, 207 X| land. To him first did God communicate that divine and prophetic 208 XII| letters from Phoenicia, and communicated them to the Greeks. And 209 XIII| attendance, but to prevent communication with one another, in order 210 XXVI| sweet hope is the constant companion and good nurse of old age, 211 XXVII| that the soul is judged in company with the body.~ ~ 212 V| Alexander of Macedon, giving a compendious explanation of his own philosophy, 213 II| him in love, and bitterly complaining, and bewailing himself, 214 XXXIII| the Athenians, that he was completely adopting the expressions 215 VI| that the soul is not so comprehensive as to include also corruptible 216 XXXIV| first fashioned your gods conceived that they had the forms 217 XXVI| die, fear invades him, and concern about things which had never 218 XIII| marvelled at the books, and concluded them to be divine, he consecrated 219 XXXVIII| CHAPTER XXXVIII. -- CONCLUDING APPEAL.~ ~But since, ye 220 IX| relating the history of Egypt, concurs in all this. And those who 221 XXV| does Plato the philosopher condemn the poet Homer for saying, " 222 XXX| Hector dumb clay. For in condemnation of Achilles dragging the 223 XXXII| this whole dialogue we have conducted our inquiry and discussion 224 XXXVIII| benefits which she will confer upon you by predicting, 225 XXXVI| is the wisest" -- if he confesses that he knows nothing, how 226 XXV| recall'd, if with a nod confirm'd.~ ~But Plato, as it seems, 227 VII| generating water. And a wholly confused and inharmonious opinion 228 IV| separation. You see, then, the confusion of those who are considered 229 XXII| latter, on the other hand, is conjectured by opinion formed by the 230 XXVI| prospect. But to him who is conscious of no wrong-doing, sweet 231 XIII| concluded them to be divine, he consecrated them in that library. These 232 XXII| opinion of Plato, there is considerable difference between these 233 XXIII| Wherefore Plato himself, in consideration of this, has written thus: " 234 XXIII| be perishable, how can he consistently make that possible which 235 IX| of any in Egypt, but also consolidated that warlike race by legislation. 236 II| gather from the case of Dione consoling her daughter; for she said 237 II| I never loved Ixion's consort thus,~ Nor sweet Acrisian 238 II| And what he says of the conspiracy of the other gods against 239 XXVI| wrong-doing, sweet hope is the constant companion and good nurse 240 XXXVIII| knowledge of these things will constitute your necessary preparatory 241 XXXIII| created along with the heavens constituted the beginning of all time ( 242 XXXIII| had received its original constitution from days and months and 243 XIII| ordered that there should be constructed, not in the city itself, 244 XXVIII| own poem much of what is contained in the divine writings of 245 XIV| necessary, ye Greeks, that you contemplate the things that are to be, 246 IX| more obedient when they contemplated the majesty and power of 247 XXIII| opinion, is uncreated, and contemporary and coaeval with the maker, 248 VIII| of uttering anything in a contentious or quarrelsome manner, but 249 XXXVIII| and giving heed without contentiousness to the words of the Sibyl, 250 XIII| and wishing to know their contents, he sent for seventy wise 251 XXVI| many iniquities, and who continually starts from his sleep as 252 XXII| other thing is which is contrasted with the ever-existent, 253 XXI| am the Being;" manifestly contrasting Himself, "the Being," with 254 XX| fear of the hemlockjuice, contrives an elaborate and ambiguous 255 XXIII| matter), being free, can be controlled by any external necessity. 256 VII| they have been anxious to convict one another of error and 257 XXXVIII| many whom we know, for the conviction of those who are unwilling 258 IV| were neither able so to convince themselves as to prevent 259 XXX| of Achilles dragging the corpse of Hector after death, he 260 XXII| he has written in exact correspondence with what Moses said regarding 261 VI| comprehensive as to include also corruptible parts, but only reason. 262 XVII| factions, and their mutual counterplots. For monarchy is free from 263 XXXII| descends from above; and yet he counts it worthy of inquiry, whether 264 II| To high Olympus, to the courts of Jove,~ Groaning, he came; 265 XXII| these two. For the creator creates the creature by his own 266 XXX| and then after many other creations he makes mention of the 267 XXII| the creator creates the creature by his own capability and 268 V| that the seed of all living creatures, which is their first principle, 269 XXVII| who had committed great crimes. And these, when they thought 270 XII| return from Egypt, said to Critias that he had heard this from 271 VII| any one will accurately criticise their writings, they have 272 XXXVII| History; and when she had crossed over (how, I know not) into 273 XXXVIII| poetry, nor yet in that culture which is highly esteemed 274 XXXVII| sayings in a city called Cumae, six miles from Baiae, where 275 II| thus,~ Nor sweet Acrisian Danae, from whom~ Sprang Perseus, 276 IX| Egypt. And they say that Darius, the father of Xerxes, was 277 XXV| and accepting with a great deal of thought the brief participial 278 II| Ah! I behold a warrior dear to me~ Around the walls 279 II| to her:~ ~Have patience, dearest child; though much enforc' 280 III| produced, and into this do all decay. Thirdly, Anaximenes -- 281 XXI| having been duped by the deceiving demon, and having dared 282 XXXII| other way, he makes this declaration in these very words: "But 283 III| OF THALES.~ ~And if you decline citing the poets, because 284 II| the bitter shaft remain'd~ Deep in his shoulder fix'd, and 285 XXVIII| luscious juice o'erflows,~ With deeper red the full pomegranate 286 IV| another, and not to appear definitely opposed to one another's 287 XXXV| fearful ills they desired to deliver you. But now, since it is 288 XXV| concerning one God, he preferred delivering in a mystical style, so 289 XIII| charge us with fraud, we demand that they be produced from 290 XXXVI| element, air. And while he demanded that concerning these matters 291 XVII| goddess, sing the wrath of Demeter, who brings the goodly fruit," 292 V| truth, when you wish to demolish the opinions of Plato; but 293 XII| thing it may be sufficiently demonstrated from the following. For 294 XII| flourished, as the Philippics of Demosthenes plainly show us. And those 295 III| the infinite air and its density and rarity are the first 296 V| fruit in moisture, but when deprived of moisture, wither. Then, 297 VIII| divine plectrum itself, descending from heaven, and using righteous 298 X| actions, and the rank of his descent, -- I speak of Philo and 299 XXVIII| the vines in early flower descry'd~ Here grapes discoloured 300 IX| Jews. Josephus, certainly, desiring to signify even by the title 301 XXXV| through them to those who are desirous to learn the true religion. 302 XXII| understand them the death and destruction of the gods that have been 303 XXXIV| propounded by some allegorical device in their own writings what 304 XXVIII| obtained from his first devilry against man; and if any 305 XXXVIII| ye henceforward pay less devotion to accuracy of metres and 306 XXXVI| often used to do so in his dialogues. For the last expression 307 II| the god of war;~ To Juno, Dian, heav'nly archeress,~ Sister 308 XII| posterity of these ancient ages died mute, not having the use 309 VIII| their own private fancy, nor differed with one another, nor attempted 310 XVII| should seem to sing in a different strain from the poem of 311 XX| and none for those who are differently disposed, as may readily 312 XXXVIII| distinctly, "that it is difficult to comprehend God, and that 313 XXVII| close by, and hearing the din,s took some and led them 314 II| and Venus were wounded by Diomed, and of many others of the 315 II| gather from the case of Dione consoling her daughter; 316 II| three-barb'd arrow sent:~ Dire, and unheard of, were the 317 VIII| teachers, who by their mutual disagreement have furnished you with 318 VI| CHAPTER VI. -- FURTHER DISAGREEMENTS BETWEEN PLATO AND ARISTOTLE.~ ~ 319 XIII| the translation might be discernible even by their agreement. 320 XXVIII| flower descry'd~ Here grapes discoloured on the sunny side,~ And 321 XXXV| not present to you artful discourses, nor speak speciously and 322 XXVI| really existent God. For, discoursing in the Timæus about certain 323 XXXVI| disgrace of being unable to discover even the nature of the Euripus 324 XXXII| conducted our inquiry and discussion aright, virtue must be neither 325 XXI| the soul of man like some disease, and wishing to remove and 326 XXI| expelled on account of their disobedience only, not knowing that it 327 XXI| demon, and having dared to disobey God, were cast out of Paradise, 328 XX| those who are differently disposed, as may readily be seen 329 VII| thought fit to wrangle and dispute with one another even about 330 I| off your habitual love of disputing, and being livered from 331 XXV| entered not these strange dissertations concerning the gods, for 332 XXXIII| they might also be together dissolved, if ever their dissolution 333 XXIV| gods, he said, were so far distant from his divinity, that 334 XXI| are given to mark out and distinguish their subject-matters, because 335 VII| agree with one another, but, distributing, as it were, ignorance in 336 XIII| that in freedom from all disturbance they might the more speedily 337 VIII| us to know, and thus in divers times and places have afforded 338 XXVIII| when he is recounting his divination by the shades of the dead:~ ~ 339 XXXVII| to have counted prophets divinely inspired when he read her 340 XXIV| so far distant from his divinity, that he thought fit to 341 IV| prove their own peculiar dogma to be the most valuable. 342 XX| Athenians, and say, "Plato is doing harm, and making himself 343 XV| ye profane, now close the doors,~ And, O Musaeus! hearken 344 XXVII| this also. When we were dose to the mouth [of the pit], 345 XXIV| birth." For not without a double sense does this expression 346 XXVII| down, and flaying, they dragged to the road outside, tearing 347 XXX| condemnation of Achilles dragging the corpse of Hector after 348 XVIII| concerning one God, even from the dramatists, hear even Sophocles speaking 349 XXXIII| from what source did Plato draw the information that time 350 XXXIII| OF THE BEGINNING OF TIME DRAWN FROM MOSES.~ ~And from what 351 XXII| of one only God, for he dreaded the Areopagus; but what 352 XVI| when they eat and when they drink;~ Trusting it, this their 353 XXXI| he gives us, that Jupiter drives a winged chariot in heaven? 354 XXXI| The great Jove, indeed, driving his winged chariot in heaven." 355 XXVIII| untaught to fail;~ Each dropping pear a following pear supplies,~ 356 XXVIII| fertile branches run,~ Some dry the blackening clusters 357 XVI| ways,~ And worship with a dull and senseless mind~ Idols, 358 XXI| therefore, having been duped by the deceiving demon, 359 XIII| who were appointed to this duty, to afford them all attendance, 360 XXVIII| autumn's richest purple dy'd.~ ~Do not these words 361 III| with the ancients and the earliest, beginning thence I will 362 XXVIII| Here are the vines in early flower descry'd~ Here grapes 363 XXXVI| that old story, stop his ears with wax, and flee the sweet 364 IX| poets suppose to have been earth-born, Moses is mentioned as the 365 XVI| Blessing Him when they eat and when they drink;~ Trusting 366 XXXVII| raised to the prophetic ecstasy by the inspiration and possession 367 XXXII| Holy Spirit. For to this effect he spoke in the dialogue 368 XXVII| his aged father and his elder brother, and done many other 369 V| all things, Thales, the eldest of all their sages, says 370 XXVI| For this, Socrates, he has elegantly expressed, that 'whoever 371 XXXVI| doctrine) but in the fifth element, air. And while he demanded 372 IV| air, water, earth; and two elementary powers -- love and hate, 373 | elsewhere 374 XXIV| republic, since, in the embassy to Achilles, he represents 375 IV| therefore perceptible by reason. Empedocles of Agrigentum, son of Meton, 376 XV| His right hand~ To all the ends of ocean, and around~ Tremble 377 VIII| present themselves pure to the energy of the Divine Spirit, in 378 II| dearest child; though much enforc'd~ Restrain thine anger: 379 XIII| his own translation; and enjoined upon those officers who 380 XXVIII| having received similar enlightenment in Egypt, said that Tityus 381 XIX| show, himself seems to have entertained thoughts about the unity 382 IX| many things, wrote forty entire books of his own history. 383 XXXVI| persuaded by these persons, I entreat you, but read the prophecies 384 XXXVIII| bewitching counsel of the envious devil, and turned to the 385 IX| employed thirty whole years in epitomizing the libraries, and who, 386 XXVIII| Here order'd vines in equal ranks appear,~ With all 387 XXIV| and employing another but equivalent word, to wit, a pronoun, 388 XII| recorded by Greeks before the era of the Olympiads, and that 389 XXI| and wishing to remove and eradicate it, appeared first to Moses, 390 XXIX| And again: "And thou shalt erect the tabernacle according 391 XXVIII| fig with luscious juice o'erflows,~ With deeper red the full 392 XVIII| But many of us mortals err in heart,~ And set up for 393 V| as some of those who have erred regarding the Deity say, 394 XIV| which formerly they had erroneously promulgated.~ ~ 395 XXVIII| long, in fetters bound,~ O'erspread nine acres of infernal ground;~ 396 II| and my soul perceive~ O'erwhelm'd with sweetness of intense 397 XIV| Divine regard for mankind, especially those of them who were in 398 IV| persuasive arguments for the establishment of their own errors, and 399 XXXVI| discover even the nature of the Euripus in Chalcis. Let not any 400 IX| travelled over both Asia and Europe for the sake of great accuracy, 401 XV| TO MONOTHEISM.~ ~At all events, we must remind you what 402 XXVIII| likeness he represented it as ever-blooming and full of all fruits. 403 XXXV| what will give you life everlasting. For those who bootlessly 404 XIX| And that this is so, is evident from his saying that unity 405 XVII| an evil, he proposed to evince by fact, recounting the 406 X| honour on account of his exceeding virtue, and judged him worthy 407 XVI| mention what the ancient and exceedingly remote Sibyl, whom Plato 408 XXXVI| believed on account of the excellence of his language, he yet 409 VII| heavenly by their own human excess of wisdom though they were 410 II| other gods, and at one time exclaiming concerning his own son:~ ~ 411 VII| motion; and others, an exhalation; and certain others say 412 XXV| the property of those who expect to obtain mercy by prayer 413 XXI| thinking that they were expelled on account of their disobedience 414 IX| and lawgiver, Moses; first explaining the times in which he lived, 415 V| Macedon, giving a compendious explanation of his own philosophy, clearly 416 XVII| after he also clearly and explicitly presents his own opinion 417 IX| most brilliant military exploits of any in Egypt, but also 418 XIX| son of Mnesarchus, who expounded the doctrines of his own 419 XXII| from him, but as if he were expressing his own opinion. For he 420 XIII| another not even to the extent of one word; but had written 421 XXIII| can be controlled by any external necessity. Wherefore Plato 422 XXXVII| they say, was of Babylonian extraction, being the daughter of Berosus, 423 I| when they perceive this, be extricated from that inveterate error; 424 XXXVII| manifest that Plato had an eye to the prophecies of the 425 IX| accuracy, and thus became an eye-witness of very many things, wrote 426 XV| His throne,~ And mortal eyeballs in mere mortal eyes~ Are 427 XV| eyeballs in mere mortal eyes~ Are weak, to see Jove reigning 428 XIII| ye men of Greece, are no fable, nor do we narrate fictions; 429 II| Hermes, helpful god, Latona fac'd.~ ~These and such like 430 XVII| rulers, and the fights and factions, and their mutual counterplots. 431 II| Nor Phoenix' daughter fair, of whom were born~ Minos, 432 V| May not Thales, then, very fairly say to him, "What is the 433 XXXV| that philosophy which is falsely so called, it follows as 434 X| had migrated on account of famine from Phoenicia to that country; 435 XXVIII| which the men of that day fancied they would obtain access 436 I| what is profitable; not fancying that you commit any offence 437 XXXIV| God in form, began thus to fashion their gods, supposing they 438 XXIII| perish nor succumb to the fatality of death, because you have 439 II| Patroclus, falls. So will the fates.~ ~And at another time concerning 440 XXXV| ye would know from what fearful ills they desired to deliver 441 XXVII| amidst all their various fears, this one was the greatest, 442 XXVIII| and gives th' immortal feast.~ ~For it is plain that 443 XXVI| And he, either through the feebleness of age, or even because 444 II| self the stinging arrow felt,~ When that same son of 445 XXVIII| year.~ Some to unload the fertile branches run,~ Some dry 446 XXVII| book he plainly and mani festly wrote what he had learned 447 XIII| fable, nor do we narrate fictions; but we ourselves having 448 XXVIII| their food,~ Scream o'er the fiend, and riot in his blood,~ 449 XXVII| paid the full penalty. Then fierce men, fiery to look at, stood 450 XXVIII| to gold.~ Here the blue fig with luscious juice o'erflows,~ 451 XVII| multitude of rulers, and the fights and factions, and their 452 XXVI| injury. And that man who finds in his life many iniquities, 453 V| as the most renowned and finished philosophers, Plato and 454 XXX| which he also called the firmament -- was that creation which 455 II| d~ Deep in his shoulder fix'd, and griev'd his soul."~ ~ 456 VI| highest heavens, and in fixed sphere, Aristotle says that, 457 IX| The jewish antiquities of Flavius Josephus," -- signifying 458 XXVII| striking their heads down, and flaying, they dragged to the road 459 XVI| but Himself seen by no flesh.~ ~Then elsewhere thus:~ ~ 460 XXVIII| groaning presses foam with floods of wine.~ Here are the vines 461 XXVIII| pear,~ And verdant olives flourish round the year.~ The balmy 462 VII| others say that it is a power flowing from the stars; and others, 463 XXVIII| join.~ The groaning presses foam with floods of wine.~ Here 464 I| manifestly show that we ourselves follow the religion of our forefathers 465 III| succession from Thales, followed the philosophy called by 466 XXVIII| vultures, furious for their food,~ Scream o'er the fiend, 467 XXVII| rest, having bound hand and foot, and striking their heads 468 XXV| of the historians, in the foregoing chapters, that the law of 469 XIX| God not unworthy of his foreign residence in Egypt. For 470 IV| others, some other of these forementioned elements; and all of them 471 XXVIII| melancholy, and causing forgetfulness of all ills," brought it 472 XXVI| lives in terror, and with a forlorn prospect. But to him who 473 III| of all things. All these, forming a succession from Thales, 474 XXXIV| conceived that they had the forms of men, he will find that 475 III| philosophers." For to them, as to a fortified wall, you are wont to flee, 476 | forty 477 XIII| those who are wont to be forward in contradiction should 478 V| of Miletus, who was the founder of philosophy among them, 479 XVI| animals,~ And sacrifice of the four-fooled tribes,~ Beholding the great 480 III| is allowable for them to frame myths, and to relate in 481 XXII| else; but the fashioner frames his production when he has 482 XIII| slander us to charge us with fraud, we demand that they be 483 XIII| translate the books; and that in freedom from all disturbance they 484 XI| religion? For, as I have frequently said, it is impossible that 485 XXVIII| about,~ As with a radiant frontlet, bind the skies.~ ~And he 486 XIII| have learnt our religion froth them, let him know, as he 487 XXVIII| thriving trees confess'd the fruitful mould;~ The reddening apple 488 XXVIII| rests not, and the moon full-orb'd;~ There also, all the 489 XXVII| day, and was lying on t he funeral pile,came to life again, 490 XXVIII| Two ravenous vultures, furious for their food,~ Scream 491 X| and him also did He first furnish that he might be our teacher 492 VIII| mutual disagreement have furnished you with sufficient proof 493 XXXII| not be taught, but must be gained by practice, or whether 494 XXVIII| balmy spirit of the western gale~ Eternal breathes on fruits, 495 XXVIII| contrived also that the garden of Alcinous should preserve 496 II| Assail'd him in the very gates of hell,~ And wrought him 497 XIII| library in Alexandria, and by gathering books from every quarter 498 XXI| which did not exist, they gave the name of gods even to 499 XV| are open to His piercing gaze,~ While He Himself is still 500 II| poets, who have given the genealogies of your gods, you must of 501 IX| of provinces, and to the general administration of the government 502 VII| of motion; and others, a generating water. And a wholly confused 503 XXVIII| Moses had written in the Genesis of the world, he fabled 504 XIII| beloved of God; and with many gifts ordered them to return to 505 V| religion. But I would be glad to ask, first of all, from 506 XXVII| silent each one would most gladly ascend; and that the punishments 507 XVIII| broad earth beneath,~ The glancing waves of ocean and the winds~ 508 XXVIII| poem:~ ~And, seizing by her glossy locks~ The goddess Ate, 509 XXVIII| red the full pomegranate glows;~ The branch here bends 510 XXXVI| But now it is time to go away, I indeed to die, but 511 XXVIII| reddening apple ripens here to gold.~ Here the blue fig with 512 II| joy of man;~ Nor Ceres golden-hair'd, nor high-enthron'd~ Latona 513 II| archeress,~ Sister of Phoebus, golden-shafted queen.~ Stout Hermes, helpful 514 XVII| Demeter, who brings the goodly fruit," Homer began thus, " 515 XXVIII| in his blood,~ Incessant gore the liver in his breast,~ 516 XXIII| So that Plato seems to grant an empty and impossible 517 XXVIII| early flower descry'd~ Here grapes discoloured on the sunny 518 XXVII| fears, this one was the greatest, lest the mouth should bellow 519 XXII| this in Egypt, and being greatly taken with what was said 520 XV| chilling wars and tearful griefs;~ And other than the great 521 II| his shoulder fix'd, and griev'd his soul."~ ~But if it 522 II| walls of Ilium driven, and grieve For Hector.~ ~And what he 523 XXVIII| breast,~ Th' mmortal liver grows, and gives th' immortal 524 I| that you, shaking off your habitual love of disputing, and being 525 XVIII| furnishing for these our handiworks,~ Both sacrifice and rite 526 XXVIII| blooms to blow,~ The buds to harden, and the fruits to grow.~ 527 XX| and say, "Plato is doing harm, and making himself mischievously 528 IV| with their proportions and harmonies, and the elements composed 529 VI| soul as it now is does not harmonize, is manifest from what has 530 VIII| as an instrument like a harp or lyre, might reveal to 531 XXVIII| Others to tread the liquid harvest join.~ The groaning presses 532 | hast 533 IV| elementary powers -- love and hate, of which the former is 534 XXV| teaching of the man was hateful to the Greeks; and he clearly 535 XXVII| foot, and striking their heads down, and flaying, they 536 XXVII| at, stood close by, and hearing the din,s took some and 537 XV| doors,~ And, O Musaeus! hearken thou to me,~ Who offspring 538 XXVIII| again,~ And the Olympian heights, he would permit~ The universal 539 IX| write the Athenian history, Hellanicus and Philochorus(the author 540 IX| in the first book of his Hellenics, and by Apion son of Posidonius 541 II| golden-shafted queen.~ Stout Hermes, helpful god, Latona fac'd.~ ~These 542 XXV| fearing, through dread of the hemlockcup, to mention the name of 543 XX| the state; "in fear of the hemlockjuice, contrives an elaborate 544 | Hence 545 XXXVIII| esteemed among you, do ye henceforward pay less devotion to accuracy 546 III| into this all are resolved. Heraclitus and Hippasus, from Metapontus, 547 II| Thebes produced~ The valiant Hercules; and though my son~ By Semele 548 XXXVI| any slothfulness or old hereditary superstition prevents you 549 IX| in Egypt which gods and heroes are fabled to have regulated, 550 II| not Homer only, but also Hesiod. So-that if you believe 551 XXXVIII| no gods. And if you still hesitate and are hindered from belief 552 II| Ceres golden-hair'd, nor high-enthron'd~ Latona in the skies; 553 XXXVIII| in that culture which is highly esteemed among you, do ye 554 XXXVIII| you still hesitate and are hindered from belief regarding the 555 III| resolved. Heraclitus and Hippasus, from Metapontus, say that 556 IX| And your most renowned historian Diodorus, who employed thirty 557 XXVII| comes nor ever will come hither. For we saw, among other 558 XII| youths in soul, for you hold no ancient opinion derived 559 XXVIII| his wood.~ ~And the same holds good regarding the enemy 560 XXVI| whoever leads a life of holiness and justice, him sweet hope, 561 III| Clazomenae said that the homogeneous parts are the first principles 562 XI| was chosen by God to be honoured with this great gift and 563 I| GREEKS.~ ~As I begin this hortatory address to you, ye men of 564 XVII| makes Ulysses address the host of the Greeks thus: "The 565 XXXVII| miles from Baiae, where the hot springs of Campania are 566 XXXI| the Lord went out from the house and rested on the cherubim; 567 XXVIII| him Ate, says that he was hurled from heaven by their god, 568 XXXVI| wax, and flee the sweet hurt which these sirens would 569 XVI| dull and senseless mind~ Idols, the workmanship of our 570 II| CHAPTER II -- THE POETS ARE UNFIT TO 571 III| CHAPTER III. -- OPINIONS OF THE SCHOOL 572 II| me~ Around the walls of Ilium driven, and grieve For Hector.~ ~ 573 XXXVII| down her prophecies, being illiterate persons, often went quite 574 V| a liar, and as being an imitator of the images of truth at 575 XXXIII| and the earth," and then immediately subjoins, "And one day was 576 VIII| man, and concerning the immortality of the human soul, and the 577 VI| Aristotle says that it is immoveable, since it must itself precede 578 XXXIV| these persons, under the impression that this meant that men 579 XXVIII| and riot in his blood,~ Incessant gore the liver in his breast,~ 580 VI| not so comprehensive as to include also corruptible parts, 581 VII| CHAPTER VII. -- INCONSISTENCIES OF PLATO'S DOCTRINE.~ ~But 582 XXXVII| specially in the way of increasing the accuracy of their verse, 583 XI| not think that anything incredible has taken place if a man 584 XXVII| any of those who were so incurably wicked attempted to ascend, 585 XXVI| CHAPTER XXVI. -- PLATO INDEBTED TO THE PROPHETS.~ ~And let 586 XXXII| ourselves to investigate, as an independent inquiry, what virtue itself 587 XVII| first line of his poem he indicated the relation he held to 588 XXX| On the dumb clay he cast indignity,~ Blinded with rage.~ ~And 589 XXXIV| men of Greece, am I now induced to recount these things? 590 XX| things, manifestly it is inevitably necessary to say that the 591 XXXVI| was overwhelmed with the infamy and disgrace of being unable 592 XXVIII| O'erspread nine acres of infernal ground;~ Two ravenous vultures, 593 XXXVI| which these sirens would inflict upon him. For the above-mentioned 594 IX| and also the very well informed writers on Jewish affairs, 595 XIX| generations; being the regulating ingredient of all the ages, and the 596 XIII| heard these things from the inhabitants, who had received them as 597 VII| And a wholly confused and inharmonious opinion has prevailed among 598 XXVI| who finds in his life many iniquities, and who continually starts 599 XXVI| whether he has done any one an injury. And that man who finds 600 XXV| worshippers of God might have an inkling of his own opinion. For 601 XXXVII| again, retires into the inmost chamber of the basilica, 602 XIV| of so terrible a mistake, inquire and investigate carefully 603 XXXIV| the subject of images, and inquires on what ground those who 604 XXXVIII| being the Word of God, inseparable from Him in power, having 605 XXXVII| counted prophets divinely inspired when he read her prophecies. 606 VIII| using righteous men as an instrument like a harp or lyre, might 607 XXIX| to the pattern of all the instruments thereof, even so shalt thou 608 XXX| that the heaven which the intellect perceives is that other 609 XIX| and Father of all, the intelligence and animating soul of the 610 II| And what Homer says of his intemperate loves, we must remind you 611 II| erwhelm'd with sweetness of intense desire.~ ~It is fit that 612 XXV| Plato wished, as it were, to interpret to the uninitiated what 613 XXIII| matter should again, by his intervention, become imperishable and 614 XXVIII| Homer had been in Egypt, and introduced into his own poem much of 615 XXVI| he is soon to die, fear invades him, and concern about things 616 XXVII| story he thought fit to invent -- and who,when he was about 617 IX| those who were said to have invented the laws. And they say that 618 V| in a fiery substance: but inventing, as a fifth substance, some 619 XXXIV| FORM.~ ~And if any person investigates the subject of images, and 620 XXXVI| one fancy that Socrates ironically reigned ignorance, because 621 XIV| but also by those who are irreligious, that ye do not without 622 XXVIII| of the expressions which Isaiah the prophet had uttered 623 XXXI| glory of the Lord God of Israel was over them above." And 624 IV| CHAPTER IV. -- OPINIONS OF PYTHAGORAS 625 XVIII| figures carved in brass or ivory,~ And, furnishing for these 626 IX| CHAPTER IX. -- THE ANTIQUITY OF MOSES 627 II| my breast;~ I never loved Ixion's consort thus,~ Nor sweet 628 IX| to that God who is called Jehovah, whether because they judged 629 XIII| for seventy wise men from Jerusalem, who were acquainted with 630 XXVIII| tread the liquid harvest join.~ The groaning presses foam 631 II| By Semele were Bacchus, joy of man;~ Nor Ceres golden-hair' 632 XXVIII| the blue fig with luscious juice o'erflows,~ With deeper 633 XXXI| information he gives us, that Jupiter drives a winged chariot 634 XXVI| leads a life of holiness and justice, him sweet hope, the nurse 635 II| Phoebus Apollo with his arrows keen;~ The blue-eyed Pallas to 636 II| of hell,~ And wrought him keenest anguish; pierced with pain,~ 637 XXVII| city of Pamphylia, and had killed his aged father and his 638 XXXI| book of the history of the Kings, where it is written, "The 639 XII| ancient work which makes known any action of the Greeks 640 XXVIII| appear,~ With all th' united labours of the year.~ Some to unload 641 XXXVII| reporters having, through their lack of education, failed to 642 XXVIII| Helen put an end to the lamentation of Menelaus, caused by the 643 XXXV| they themselves are now lamenting in Hades, and repenting 644 X| of Egypt into their own land. To him first did God communicate 645 XXXV| and repenting with a too late repentance; and if it were 646 | latterly 647 XV| I speak to those who lawfully may hear:~ All others, ye 648 III| of Miletus, who took the lead in the study of natural 649 XXVII| things, and that they were leading them away to cast them into 650 XXVI| expressed, that 'whoever leads a life of holiness and justice, 651 XXXII| neither by practice nor by learning, but was a natural gift 652 XX| also had its origin, he leaves right-thinking persons to 653 XXVII| punishment in Hades, had they left on earth the body, with 654 IX| Xerxes, was the sixth who legislated for the Egyptians.~ ~ 655 IX| consolidated that warlike race by legislation. And the fourth lawgiver, 656 IX| was the second Egyptian legislator, a man of excellent understanding. 657 XII| mention of old poets, or legislators, or historians, or philosophers, 658 XV| Musaeus, and to the other legitimate auditors, concerning the 659 | less 660 V| banished from his republic as a liar, and as being an imitator 661 IX| years in epitomizing the libraries, and who, as he himself 662 XVII| the poet Homer, using the license of poetry, and rivalling 663 XXI| origin with the father of lies. God, therefore, knowing 664 XXX| thou return," calls the lifeless body of Hector dumb clay. 665 XXXI| cherubim; and the cherubim lift up their wings, and the 666 XV| Who offspring art of the light-bringing moon:~ The words I utter 667 XXVII| beheld both him and others likewise, most of whom were tyrants. 668 XXVIII| sun,~ Others to tread the liquid harvest join.~ The groaning 669 XXXVIII| name philosophers, let him listen to Ammon and Hermes: to 670 I| of disputing, and being livered from the error of your fathers, 671 XXVI| his sleep as children do, lives in terror, and with a forlorn 672 XXVIII| And, seizing by her glossy locks~ The goddess Ate, in his 673 XIV| taught you is true; but looking to the danger of so terrible 674 VI| but only reason. And Plato loudly maintains that "the whole 675 II| into my breast;~ I never loved Ixion's consort thus,~ Nor 676 II| says of his intemperate loves, we must remind you in the 677 XXVIII| wife, Polydamna, a drug, "lulling all sorrow and melancholy, 678 XXVIII| Here the blue fig with luscious juice o'erflows,~ With deeper 679 XXVII| the twelfth day, and was lying on t he funeral pile,came 680 VIII| instrument like a harp or lyre, might reveal to us the 681 XVIII| Both sacrifice and rite magnificent,~ We think that thus we 682 XXXI| borrowing this idea, the magniloquent Plato shouts aloud with 683 IV| Agrigentum, son of Meton, maintained that there were four elements -- 684 VI| reason. And Plato loudly maintains that "the whole soul is 685 IX| when they contemplated the majesty and power of those who were 686 XXVII| tenth book he plainly and mani festly wrote what he had 687 XXI| for names are given to mark out and distinguish their 688 XIII| having, as was natural, marvelled at the books, and concluded 689 IX| because they judged it a marvellous and quite divine conception 690 XIII| not only given the same meaning, but had employed the same 691 XXXIV| the impression that this meant that men were like God in 692 XXXI| sense with profound and meditative insight. But Plato, not 693 XXVIII| lulling all sorrow and melancholy, and causing forgetfulness 694 XX| raise up some Anytus or Meletus against himself, who should 695 IX| them. And Ptolemaeus the Mendesian, in relating the history 696 XXV| those who expect to obtain mercy by prayer and sacrifices, 697 XV| And mortal eyeballs in mere mortal eyes~ Are weak, to 698 XXXIV| write anything original, but merely propounded by some allegorical 699 II| shock when gods in battle met;~ For there to royal Neptune 700 III| Heraclitus and Hippasus, from Metapontus, say that fire is the first 701 IV| Empedocles of Agrigentum, son of Meton, maintained that there were 702 XXXVIII| religion lie not in the metrical numbers of poetry, nor yet 703 XXIII| which is a still greater and mightier bond." Here Plato, through 704 X| when his forefathers had migrated on account of famine from 705 XXVIII| on figs arise.~ The same mild season gives the blooms 706 XXXVII| a city called Cumae, six miles from Baiae, where the hot 707 IX| performed the most brilliant military exploits of any in Egypt, 708 XV| thou former thoughts of mine hast seen,~ Let them not 709 II| Juno, and Neptune, and Minerva -- wished to bind him." 710 XXVIII| her down~ To earth. She, mingling with all works of men,~ 711 II| fair, of whom were born~ Minos, unmatch'd but by the powers 712 XXI| forefathers, whereby the misanthropic demon contrived to deceive 713 XXVIII| would permit~ The universal mischief to return.~ Then, whirling 714 XX| harm, and making himself mischievously busy, not acknowledging 715 XIV| danger of so terrible a mistake, inquire and investigate 716 XXVIII| liver in his breast,~ Th' mmortal liver grows, and gives th' 717 V| their first principle, is moist; and secondly, because all 718 XVII| mutual counterplots. For monarchy is free from contention. 719 XV| TESTIMONY OF ORPHEUS TO MONOTHEISM.~ ~At all events, we must 720 | Moreover 721 II| origin of the gods, and their mother Tethys.~ ~And then we must 722 XXVIII| trees confess'd the fruitful mould;~ The reddening apple ripens 723 XV| and around~ Tremble the mountain ranges and the streams,~ 724 XXV| inflexible, are by no means moved to abandon their sins, since 725 XIX| soul of the universe, the movement of all orbits." Thus, then, 726 XII| these ancient ages died mute, not having the use of letters." 727 | myself 728 XXIX| initiated, that without mystic insight it is impossible 729 XXV| preferred delivering in a mystical style, so that those who 730 III| allowable for them to frame myths, and to relate in a mythical 731 II| thine anger: we, in heav'n who dwell,~ Have much to 732 XXI| CHAPTER XXI. -- THE NAMELESSNESS OF GOD.~ ~For God cannot 733 XIII| are no fable, nor do we narrate fictions; but we ourselves 734 XII| show us. And those who have narrated the deeds of Alexander sufficiently 735 X| Josephus. For these, in their narration of the history of the Jews, 736 IX| and ruler of the Jewish nation. For in this way he is mentioned 737 XXV| spoke thus of himself:~ ~For ne'er my promise shall deceive, 738 XXVI| or even because he is now nearer to the things of the other 739 IV| an Athenian, the son of Neocles, says that the first principles 740 | nine 741 II| war;~ To Juno, Dian, heav'nly archeress,~ Sister of Phoebus, 742 II| from whom~ Sprang Perseus, noblest of the race of man;~ Nor 743 XXV| Or be recall'd, if with a nod confirm'd.~ ~But Plato, 744 XXVIII| stood;~ On Ossa, Pelion nods with all his wood.~ ~And 745 XXXV| bombastic parade and empty noise, though by means of it you 746 XI| error of your forefathers in obedience to these teachers[of ours], 747 IX| people would be the more obedient when they contemplated the 748 XXI| he said to them, "If ye obey me in transgressing the 749 XXVIII| CHAPTER XXVIII. -- HOMER'S OBLIGATIONS TO THE SACRED WRITERS.~ ~ 750 XXV| inflexible, although, as is obvious from the expressions used, 751 XXXV| words and expressions which offer themselves, and declare 752 XIII| and enjoined upon those officers who were appointed to this 753 XV| hearken thou to me,~ Who offspring art of the light-bringing 754 II| mortals; and ourselves~ Too oft upon each other suff'rings 755 IX| teacher. For in the times of Ogyges and Inachus, whom some of 756 IX| or lawgivers, by far the oldest, as the Greek histories 757 IX| Josephus," -- signifying the oldness of the history by the word " 758 XXVIII| weighty pear,~ And verdant olives flourish round the year.~ 759 XII| Greeks before the era of the Olympiads, and that there is no ancient 760 XXVIII| starry skies again,~ And the Olympian heights, he would permit~ 761 II| these words: "When the other Olympians -- Juno, and Neptune, and 762 XVI| one only unbegotten God,~ Omnipotent, invisible, most high,~ 763 | once 764 VI| produced, and affords to God opportunity for His workmanship; and 765 II| there to royal Neptune stood oppos'd~ Phoebus Apollo with his 766 XIX| universe, the movement of all orbits." Thus, then, Pythagoras.~ ~ 767 XXI| the Hebrews, He further orders him to say, "He who is hath 768 V| clearly and manifestly overthrows the opinion of Plato, saying 769 VIII| another, nor attempted to overturn one another's positions, 770 XXXVI| this life because he was overwhelmed with the infamy and disgrace 771 II| keenest anguish; pierced with pain,~ To high Olympus, to the 772 II| arrows keen;~ The blue-eyed Pallas to the god of war;~ To Juno, 773 XXVII| prince in a certain city of Pamphylia, and had killed his aged 774 XXVIII| works of men,~ Caused many a pang to Jove.~ ~ 775 II| and unheard of, were the pangs she bore,~ Great Pluto's 776 XXXV| with all its bombastic parade and empty noise, though 777 X| also was thought worthy of partaking of all the education of 778 XXV| deal of thought the brief participial expression, he understood 779 XXXVI| be wisest by this little particular, that what I do not know, 780 I| valuable by those who desire to pass through life without danger, 781 XXIX| Plato, then, reading these passages, and not receiving what 782 I| reveals that things which have passed for excellent are of quite 783 XXXVIII| she does in a clear and patent manner, the advent of our 784 XV| in the straight certain path,~ Look to the one and universal 785 II| she said to her:~ ~Have patience, dearest child; though much 786 II| Sarpedon, vanquished by Patroclus, falls. So will the fates.~ ~ 787 XXXVIII| you, do ye henceforward pay less devotion to accuracy 788 XVII| to promise that He would peel off my old age, and give 789 XVII| wrath of Achilles, son of Peleus," preferring, as it seems 790 XXVIII| tottering Ossa stood;~ On Ossa, Pelion nods with all his wood.~ ~ 791 XXVII| unless they had paid the full penalty. Then fierce men, fiery 792 XXXVII| who, after their poems are penned, have power to correct and 793 XXX| heaven which the intellect perceives is that other of which the 794 XXII| by opinion formed by the perception of the senses unaided by 795 V| they say, have learned the perfect and true religion. But I 796 IX| Sesonchosis the king, who not only performed the most brilliant military 797 XII| Barbarians. But before that period existed only the history 798 XII| a complete survey of the periods, and by the use of a greater 799 XXII| is coming into being and perishing." These expressions declare 800 II| army, but also the cause of perjury to the Trojans, by means 801 XV| further on, where the metre permits him, he names it "Word." 802 II| Danae, from whom~ Sprang Perseus, noblest of the race of 803 IV| and all of them employing persuasive arguments for the establishment 804 XIII| holy men. for instruction pertain to us.~ ~ 805 IX| have regulated all that pertains to the rulers of provinces, 806 XXXVII| and also by Plato in his Phaedrus. And Plato seems to me to 807 XII| flourished in the time of Philip and Alexander of Macedon, 808 XII| orators flourished, as the Philippics of Demosthenes plainly show 809 IX| history, Hellanicus and Philochorus(the author of The Attic 810 XXV| How, then, does Plato the philosopher condemn the poet Homer for 811 III| philosophy called by themselves physical.~ ~ 812 II| wrought him keenest anguish; pierced with pain,~ To high Olympus, 813 XV| All things are open to His piercing gaze,~ While He Himself 814 XVI| Trusting it, this their piety alone.~ Who shall abjure 815 XXVII| was lying on t he funeral pile,came to life again, and 816 XXVI| good nurse of old age, as Pindar says. For this, Socrates, 817 XXVII| dose to the mouth [of the pit], and were about to return 818 V| and secondly, because all plants grow and bear fruit in moisture, 819 XXIV| this not of the king and Platonic maker of the gods, but of 820 XXXV| nor speak speciously and plausibly -- for this is the property 821 VIII| in order that the divine plectrum itself, descending from 822 II| and bewailing himself, and plotted against by the other gods, 823 II| the pangs she bore,~ Great Pluto's self the stinging arrow 824 XXXVII| the poets who, after their poems are penned, have power to 825 IX| he is mentioned both by Polemon in the first book of his 826 XXXVII| have power to correct and polish, specially in the way of 827 XXVIII| received from Theon's wife, Polydamna, a drug, "lulling all sorrow 828 IX| and Thallus and Alexander Polyhistor, and also the very well 829 XXVIII| With deeper red the full pomegranate glows;~ The branch here 830 IX| Hellenics, and by Apion son of Posidonius in his book against the 831 VIII| to overturn one another's positions, but without wrangling and 832 XXXV| of it you fancy you are possessed of all advantages, do you 833 V| PLATO AND ARISTOTLE.~ ~But possibly those who are unwilling 834 XII| for many generations the posterity of these ancient ages died 835 II| Juno:~ ~For never goddess pour'd, nor woman yet,~ So full 836 XXVI| cheering his heart, for she powerfully sways the changeful mind 837 XXXVIII| some one to utter a hymn of praise to the Almighty God, in 838 VII| this one respect appears praiseworthy to those who can form a 839 I| you, ye men of Greece, I pray God that I may know what 840 XXV| expect to obtain mercy by prayer and sacrifices, to cease 841 VI| immoveable, since it must itself precede all motion.~ ~ 842 VIII| have by a great way the precedence of your teachers, and who 843 XXXVIII| will confer upon you by predicting, as she does in a clear 844 XXXVII| you, through her oracular predictions, truths which seem to be 845 XXXVI| therefore, of sound judgment prefer the elegant diction of these 846 XVII| Achilles, son of Peleus," preferring, as it seems to me, even 847 XXXVIII| constitute your necessary preparatory training for the study of 848 XXIII| an empty and impossible prerogative to his "maker," when he 849 XXVIII| Menelaus, caused by the presence of Telemachus. And he also 850 XXXVI| the above-mentioned men, presenting their elegant language as 851 XVII| also clearly and explicitly presents his own opinion regarding 852 XXVIII| garden of Alcinous should preserve the likeness of Paradise, 853 XXVIII| harvest join.~ The groaning presses foam with floods of wine.~ 854 XXXVI| because, while other men pretended to know what they were ignorant 855 VII| inharmonious opinion has prevailed among them, which only in 856 XXXVI| hereditary superstition prevents you from reading the prophecies 857 XII| from a very aged Egyptian priest, who said to him, "0 Solon, 858 XXX| into their original and pristine formation from earth. These 859 XXVI| proceeding according to probability and necessity. But the first 860 III| for from fire all things proceed, and in fire do all things 861 IX| social matters." Then, having proceeded a little further, and wishing 862 XXVI| fire and the other bodies, proceeding according to probability 863 III| beginning thence I will produce the opinion of each, much 864 XIII| our behalf; for lest, by producing them out of the Church, 865 I| but also philosophers, who professed among you that they had 866 XXXV| yourselves to the things that profit you. For neither will you 867 I| may how choose what is profitable; not fancying that you commit 868 XIV| them who were in Egypt, and profited by the godliness of Moses 869 XXXI| understand in a higher sense with profound and meditative insight. 870 VIII| reasonable to recur to our progenitors, who both in point of time 871 XII| proofs, I should seem to be prolix, I thing it may be sufficiently 872 IX| divine conception which promised to benefit a multitude of 873 V| opinions of Plato; but when you promulgate an opinion contrary to ours, 874 XIV| formerly they had erroneously promulgated.~ ~ 875 XXXVII| she was filled indeed with prophecy at the time of the inspiration, 876 XXXVIII| also clearly and manifestly prophesies concerning the predicted 877 XXXVII| places in which she used to prophesy, that there was a certain 878 IV| calls numbers, with their proportions and harmonies, and the elements 879 XXXIV| anything original, but merely propounded by some allegorical device 880 XXVI| terror, and with a forlorn prospect. But to him who is conscious 881 XXVIII| of them he wrote thus:~ ~Proud of their strength, and more 882 IX| pertains to the rulers of provinces, and to the general administration 883 V| further, for the sake of proving what he says about the aetherial 884 IX| that Moses led them. And Ptolemaeus the Mendesian, in relating 885 XIII| histories, and know that Ptolemy, king of Egypt, when he 886 XXXVII| it was here she used to publish her oracles. And in the 887 XIV| history of Moses, afterwards published doctrines concerning the 888 XXVII| gladly ascend; and that the punishments and torments were such as 889 VIII| but to present themselves pure to the energy of the Divine 890 XXVIII| there in autumn's richest purple dy'd.~ ~Do not these words 891 XXV| Homer said this for a useful purpose? For it is the property 892 I| investigation of matters, putting truth to the question with 893 VIII| anything in a contentious or quarrelsome manner, but to present themselves 894 XIII| gathering books from every quarter had filled it, then learnt 895 II| Phoebus, golden-shafted queen.~ Stout Hermes, helpful 896 I| matters, putting truth to the question with a more searching scrutiny, 897 XXXII| reminiscence, after he had put many questions regarding virtue, whether 898 XXXVI| Orpheus, who said what I quoted a little before; and believe 899 III| wont to flee, when any one quotes the opinions of your poets 900 XXVIII| round about,~ As with a radiant frontlet, bind the skies.~ ~ 901 XXIV| Hector to Achilles, "He is raging terribly, trusting in Zeus, 902 XX| Socrates, lest he also should raise up some Anytus or Meletus 903 XXXVII| they are divine, and are raised to the prophetic ecstasy 904 XV| around~ Tremble the mountain ranges and the streams,~ The depths, 905 XXVIII| Here order'd vines in equal ranks appear,~ With all th' united 906 III| air and its density and rarity are the first principle 907 XXVIII| of infernal ground;~ Two ravenous vultures, furious for their 908 XX| differently disposed, as may readily be seen from his own statements. 909 XVII| indicates by the pronoun the real and true God. And somewhere 910 XXVI| referring the true knowledge of realities to the prophets, next in 911 VIII| ignorance, I consider it reasonable to recur to our progenitors, 912 XXXII| towards the close: "From this reasoning, Meno, it appears that virtue 913 I| CHAPTER I. -- REASONS FOR ADDRESSING THE GREEKS.~ ~ 914 XXV| deceive, or fail,~ Or be recall'd, if with a nod confirm' 915 XXXVI| sing a useful and necessary recantation -- I mean Orpheus, who said 916 XXIX| these passages, and not receiving what was written with the 917 XII| has been written in these recently-discovered Greek letters; and if any 918 XXXVII| basilica they showed us three receptacles cut out of one stone, in 919 XX| not acknowledging the gods recognised by the state; "in fear of 920 VIII| consider it reasonable to recur to our progenitors, who 921 XXVIII| o'erflows,~ With deeper red the full pomegranate glows;~ 922 XXVIII| the fruitful mould;~ The reddening apple ripens here to gold.~ 923 XIII| does the doctrine of them refer. That the books relating 924 IX| and such, too, as have no reference to our worship, that you 925 XXIV| Homer, by that golden chain, refers all power and might to the 926 XXII| which is apprehended by reflection combined with reason, always 927 XXVII| resurrection, which the Greeks refuse to believe. For his saying 928 XIV| many things by the Divine regard for mankind, especially 929 XXXVII| how, I know not) into the region of Campania, she there uttered 930 IV| AND EPICURUS.~ ~Then, in regular succession from another 931 XIX| all generations; being the regulating ingredient of all the ages, 932 XXXVI| that Socrates ironically reigned ignorance, because he often 933 XV| eyes~ Are weak, to see Jove reigning over all.~ He sits established 934 XXXVI| plurality of gods being rejected by all, occasion might be 935 XXVIII| transferred what Moses had related as the beginning of the 936 II| many others of the gods he relates the sufferings. For thus 937 XVII| his poem he indicated the relation he held to him. For as Orpheus 938 II| he came; the bitter shaft remain'd~ Deep in his shoulder 939 XXI| were cast out of Paradise, remembering the name of gods, but no 940 XXXII| dialogue with Meno, concerning reminiscence, after he had put many questions 941 XXI| disease, and wishing to remove and eradicate it, appeared 942 V| images of truth at three removes, for so Plato calls Homer; 943 XXXV| remains for you to do, that, renouncing the error of your fathers, 944 XXV| sacrifices, to cease from and repent of their sins. For those 945 XXXV| lamenting in Hades, and repenting with a too late repentance; 946 XXVII| unhallowed deeds, as was reported. He said, then that the 947 XXXVII| inspiration ceased, and the reporters having, through their lack 948 XXV| inflexible," and yet himself represent the maker of the gods as 949 XXVIII| shield of Achilles a kind of representation of the creation of the world. 950 XXVIII| through this likeness he represented it as ever-blooming and 951 XXIV| embassy to Achilles, he represents Phoenix as saying to Achilles, " 952 XXXV| the sacred writers, not requiring from them unexceptionable 953 XIX| unworthy of his foreign residence in Egypt. For when he says 954 XXIII| coaeval with the maker, should resist his will. For he who has 955 XXX| may you all return~ ~ -- resolving them in his violent rage 956 VI| not even agree in other respects, can be easily learned from 957 XXXI| went out from the house and rested on the cherubim; and the 958 XXXVIII| image and likeness of God, restored to us the knowledge of the 959 II| child; though much enforc'd~ Restrain thine anger: we, in heav' 960 XXVIII| the sea,~ The sun that rests not, and the moon full-orb' 961 XXXVII| having put on her robe again, retires into the inmost chamber 962 VIII| like a harp or lyre, might reveal to us the knowledge of things 963 I| searching scrutiny, often reveals that things which have passed 964 XXVII| hand, the rewards were the reverse of these." Here Plato seems 965 IX| Inachus over Argos the Jews revolted from Amasis king of the 966 XXVII| on the other hand, the rewards were the reverse of these." 967 II| by the powers above,~ And Rhadamanthus; nor yet Semele,~ Nor yet 968 VIII| men, who had no need of rhetorical art, nor of uttering anything 969 XXVIII| And there in autumn's richest purple dy'd.~ ~Do not these 970 XXVI| punished, though formerly ridiculed, now torment his soul with 971 XX| had its origin, he leaves right-thinking persons to consider what 972 VIII| descending from heaven, and using righteous men as an instrument like 973 XVII| old age, and give me the rigour of my youth," where he indicates 974 XXVIII| Scream o'er the fiend, and riot in his blood,~ Incessant 975 XXVIII| mould;~ The reddening apple ripens here to gold.~ Here the 976 XVIII| handiworks,~ Both sacrifice and rite magnificent,~ We think that 977 XVII| so distinctly proposed to rival, that even in the first 978 XVII| the license of poetry, and rivalling the original opinion of 979 XXVII| flaying, they dragged to the road outside, tearing them with 980 XXXVII| washed, and having put on her robe again, retires into the 981 XXXVII| of the chamber on a high rostrum and throne, thus proclaims 982 II| battle met;~ For there to royal Neptune stood oppos'd~ Phoebus 983 XXVIII| unload the fertile branches run,~ Some dry the blackening 984 XXV| indeed, as the old tradition runs, includes the beginning, 985 XXV| obtain mercy by prayer and sacrifices, to cease from and repent 986 IV| men of Greece, can it be safe for those who desire to 987 I| formerly considered by no means salutary should now seem useful to 988 IV| starting-point, Pythagoras the Samian, son of Mnesarchus, calls 989 II| my most beloved of men!~ Sarpedon, vanquished by Patroclus, 990 IX| laws. And they say that Sasunchis was the second Egyptian 991 IV| for those who desire to be saved, to fancy that they can 992 XXII| one and the same thing, saving only the difference of the 993 XXXVII| there uttered her oracular sayings in a city called Cumae, 994 III| III. -- OPINIONS OF THE SCHOOL OF THALES.~ ~And if you 995 XXVIII| furious for their food,~ Scream o'er the fiend, and riot 996 XXXI| PLATO'S ACQUAINTANCE WITH SCRIPTURE.~ ~For from what other source, 997 XXVIII| heaven, whom the Sacred Scriptures call the Devil, a name which 998 I| question with a more searching scrutiny, often reveals that things 999 I| the question with a more searching scrutiny, often reveals 1000 XXVIII| figs arise.~ The same mild season gives the blooms to blow,~