Apocriticus





  • INTRODUCTION
    • THE NATURE OF THE APOCRITICUS.
5. 1 See Nicephorus, Antirrhetici Libri, ap. Pitra, Spicilegium Solesmense, tom. i. p. 303 et seq.
6. 2 Turrianus, Dogmaticus de Justificatione ad Germanos adversus Luteranos, Romae, 1557, p. 37 et seq.
7. 1 See p. 166, n. 1.



  • INTRODUCTION
    • THE HISTORY OF THE APOCRITICUS TO 1867.
8. 2 See p. 31.
9. 1 See F. Turrianus, Adversus Magdeburgenses, Colon. 1573, ii. 3, p. 165; i. 5, p. 21, and ii. 13, p, 208.
10. 2 See Migne, Patr, Graec. X. p. 1343 et seq. His opinions are summarised by Pitra, Spicil. Solesm. i. p. 545.



  • INTRODUCTION
    • ITS HISTORY SINCE 1867.
11. 3 Macarii Magnetis quae supersunt, ex inedito codice edidit, C. Blondel, Klincksieck, Paris, 1876. It is this which [...]
12. 4 De Macario Magnete et scriptis ejus, Klincksieck, Paris, 1877.
13. 1 Lactantius, Div. Instit. v. 2.
14. 2 Möller, Schürers Theol. Lit. Zeit. 1877, p. 521 ; Zahn, Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, B. ii. p. 450 et seq., [...]
15. 3 See J.T.S. of April 1907 (vol. viii. No. 31), p. 404 et seq., Macarius Magnes, a Neglected Apologist, and July 190[...]
16. 1 Kritik des Neues Testaments von einen griechischen Philosophen der 3 Jahrhunderts, etc. (Texte und Untersuchungen, [...]
17. 2 J.T.S. April and July 1914 (vol. xv. Nos. 59 and 60), The work of Porphyry against the Christians, and its reconst[...]
18. 3 Georg Schalkhausser, Zu der Schriften des Makarios von Magnesia, Leipzig, 1907.
19. 4 Op. cit. pp. 39 and 12.



  • INTRODUCTION
    • THE HEATHEN OBJECTIONS IN THE APOCRITICUS.
20. 1 See p. 95, n. 2.
21. 2 Corpus Inscript. Lat. t. 3, No. 133, ap. Duch. p. 20.
22. 1 Apocr. iii. 1.
23. 2 Euseb., In Hieroclem, in Gottfriedus Alearius's edition of Philostratus, Lipsiae, 1709, p. 459. a0fanisqh~nai fhsi\[...]
24. 3 Div. Instit. v. 3.
25. 4 Migne, Patr. Graec. xxii. pp. 797-800, ch. 2.
26. 5 For details, and for further points in this connexion, see J.T.S. of April 1911, p. 377 et seq.



  • INTRODUCTION
    • THE DATE OF THE APOCRITICUS.
27. 1 e.g. Apocr. iii. 30, p. 125, 1. 6, and iii. 36, p. 131, 1. 9. It is argued that such remarks are merely interpolat[...]
28. 2 Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum, xvi.
29. 3 See e.g. Apocr. ii. 12, and the Preface to iii. for the heathen's attitude, and iii. 10 for his own.
30. 4 Apocr. iv. 3, p. 160, l. 6, and iv. 5, p. 163, l. 4.
31. 1 Apocr. ii. 15, p. 24.
32. 2 Ibid. iv. 13.
33. 3 Ibid. iv. 25 : i3na triw~n u9posta&sewn e0n ou0si/a| mia~| gnwrisqh~| to_ u2noma ; but this is not identical with t[...]
34. 4 For a discussion of the whole subject, see J.T.S. of July 1907, p. 553 et seq. See also below, pp. xxviii, 141, 14[...]
35. 1 Apocr. iii. 9; Greg. Nyss., Or. Cat. chs. xxi.-xxvi.
36. 2 Rufinus, Comment, in Symb. Apost. § 14.
37. 3 Holl., Amphil. p. 91 et seq.
38. 4 J. T.S. April and July 1907.



  • INTRODUCTION
    • THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE APOCRITICUS.
39. 5 Some scholars have regarded "The Blessed Magnesian" as simply a nom deguerre, or as suggesting an anonymous author[...]
40. 1 He is condemned, particularly with regard to the non-eternity of punishment, of being a follower tou~ dussebou~j k[...]
41. 2 Apocr. iii. 16, p. 96, and iii. 24, p. 108 et seq.
42. 3 Nic., op. cit., stolh_n i9ere/wj a0mpexo&menon.
43. 4 Lumper (ap. Migne, Patr. Lat. v. p. 343) suggests that our author was confused with the Macarius of the Oak, and "h[...]
44. 1 p. xv.
45. 2 Apocr. iii. 40, p. 138, 11. 21, 22
46. 3 Ibid. v. 15, and iii. 43, p. 151
47. 4 Ibid. v. 17, p. 191, I. 17
48. 5 Ibid. ii. 8, p. 66, 1. 19.
49. 6 Ibid. iii. 24.
50. 7 Ibid. v. 14, p. 182.
51. 8 Ibid. i. 17, p. 29, 1. 12.
52. 1 No less than twenty-four of that name are given in the Diet. Christ. Biog.
53. 2 His outlook is more Alexandrian than Antiochene, but had he belonged to Egypt, it is to that part of the world, an[...]
54. 1 Apocr. iv. 25.



  • INTRODUCTION
    • THE TITLE OF THE WORK.
55. 1 C. I. Neumann, Jul. Imp. Lib. contra Christ, quae supersunt, pp. 14-23, Lips. 1880.
56. 2 Patrologie, 1894, p. 550.
57. 3 Lactantius, Div. Instit. v. 2.
58. 1 e. g. Apocr. iv. 24, p. 204, 1. 21.



  • INTRODUCTION
    • THE LITERARY RELATIONS OF THE APOCRITICUS.
59. 2 M. R. James, Two Lectures on the Newly-discovered Fragments, Camb. 1892.
60. 3 Of Apocryphal books, Macarius quotes Bel and the Dragon (Daniel xii. 34) in iv. 12, p. 174, and refers to 2 Esdras[...]
61. 1 See J.T.S. of July 1907, pp. 561-562.
62. 2 See Burkitt, Evangelion da-Mepharreshe, vol. i. p. 449.
63. 3 Apocr. iv. 15, pp. 126 and 127, n. 1.
64. 4 Duchesne, op. cit. p. 37. Also D.C.B., art. "Linus."
65. 5 For a discussion of the question, I must refer to what I have written in J.T.S. of April 1907, pp. 408-409. He cer[...]
66. 1 See p. 19, and J.T.S, of July 1907, pp. 550-551.
67. 2 J.T.S. of July 1907, pp. 548-549.



  • INTRODUCTION
    • THE TEXT AND MSS. OF THE APOCRITICUS.
68. 3 See J.T.S. of Jufy 1907, pp. 569-571.
69. 1 Georg Schalkhausser, Zu der Schriften des Makarios von Magnesia, Leipzig, 1907, being No. 4 of vol. xxxi. in Texte [...]
70. 1 See Introd., p. xviii.



  • BOOK I
71. 1 Or Beronice, which is equivalent to Veronica. Her name is also recorded in the Acta Pilati (see ch. vii. in Tische[...]
72. 2 All the other records, viz. Euschius, Sozomen, Philostorgius, and Joannes Malalas, say that the statue was at Pane[...]
73. 3 kato&rqwma, one of the favourite words of Macarius, thus linking this fragment of Book I with the rest.
74. 4 swthri/ou kraspe/dou, perhaps "The hem of the Saviour's garment."
75. 5 The statue is minutely described by Eusebius, H.E. vii. 18. Sozomen (H. E. v. 21) savs that Julian took it down an[...]



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER VII
76. 1 For the well-known story, see the Acts of Paul and Thecla.
77. 1 It is remarkable that a writer apparently connected with Asia Minor should thus refer to Syria. For the suggestion[...]
78. 2 With the reference to Antioch, compare the mention of Edessa, another city of Syria, in Bk. I, ch. vi.
79. 3 The contrast is expressed thus: a1lloi tai~j e9tai/raij sunei~nai spouda&zausin, e3teroi tai~j monhri/aij qe/lousi[...]
80. 4 This passage scarcely justifies the argument which has been drawn from it, that a development of monasticism is her[...]
81. 5 Macarius, as a faithful follower of Origen, frequently adds to his first explanation a mystical one of this kind. I[...]



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER VIII
82. 6 Monogenh&j, the alternative title of Macarius' book, appears here for the first time, and is used three times in t[...]
83. 1 ou0k e0n u9posta&sei ou0si/aj geno&menoj. In the light of other passages in Macarius, there is a special interest [...]



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER IX
84. 1 neani/skoj tij eu0prosw&pw| sxh&mati tou~ Swth~roj e1mprosqen dikaiopragi/aj e0zwgra&fei poli/teuma. Or does eu0pro[...]
85. 2 Reading e0nedoi/asaj instead of e0nedoi/asa.
86. 3 " Literally, good by nature ( fu&sei ) and good by position ( qe&sei ).
87. 1 The same illustration is used in iv. 26, of the relation of God to the gods of heathenism.
88. 2 Reading a0gaqo&j instead of a0gaqo&n.



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER XII
89. 1 skeu~oj ou]n mesto_n. In the Christian's answer the reading is similar but not identical.
90. 2 paraqh&somai, as some MSS.
91. 3 w0nei/disa&j; This is the reading of Codex Bezae.
92. 1 dusqanatou~nta. The point of the saying is not quite plain. It would be more in keeping with the sentence to read [...]



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER XVII
93. 1 The Hellenic point of view is remarkable, which classes the Romans with the Jews as ba&rbaron e2qnoj.
94. 2 Reading u9poge/iwn instead of u9perge/iwn.



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER XVIII
95. 1 th_n a0pokleisqei~san ei2sodon tw~n peribo&lwn la&bh| th~j ka&qarsewj.
96. 2 Blondel here suspects the omission of a whole line in the MS.
97. 3 There is a play on the words plhgh&, a blow, phgh&, a spring.



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER XIV
98. 1 These words seem to suggest a time of persecution as then present. See Introct., p. xvii.



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER XIX
99. 2 This is a literal translation of the puzzling words ouswphqei\j liparw~j pro_j au0to_n a3per filo~i polla&kij gi/n[...]



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER XV
100. 1 This statement is one of the indications that these words were written when Diocletian had subdivided the Empire, [...]
101. 2 The argument varies strangely according as first one reading is taken, "cast outside" ( e1cw ), and then the alter[...]
102. 1 lit. "a single windfall."



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER XX
103. 2 Man is termed o9 ko&smoj tou~ ko&smou.



  • BOOK II
    • CHAPTER XXI
104. 1 This is the favourite patristic translation of the words Yeusth&j e0sti kai\ o9 path_r au0tou~. (He is a liar and t[...]
105. 1 u9mei~j e0k tou~ patro_j tou~ diabo&lou e0ste. This is another ambiguity, and Macarius makes it fit with his argum[...]
106. 2 antiqe/uj.



  • BOOK III
107. 1 This is the friend to whom the book is dedicated. In the Proem to Book IV he is said to have helped to win the vic[...]
108. 2 The style of the questions is quite different from that of the answers. But whereas in the latter it is sometimes [...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER I
109. 1 Apollonius of Tyana is said by Eusebius to have been the hero whom Hierocles set up in opposition to the claims of[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER VIII
110. 1 Reading kako&n instead of kalo&n.
111. 2 kata_ kri/sin.
112. 1 MS. kefa&laioj. Some word like kepa&taioj is what seems to be wanted.
113. 2 kerai/aj.
114. 3 See note on iii. 1.
115. 1 a0paqh&j. Cp. II, xvi. p. 27.
116. 1 u9f' e0n.
117. 2 o9 dokw~n peponqe/nai. This expresses one side of the Christological views then current, but not the side which rec[...]
118. 3 The MS. gives ti/ ga_r mei~zon ; katelqei~n k.t.l. The use of this last word for returning from below is so unexpec[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER II
119. 1 Reading i3na mh_ pare/lqh| u9ma~j (MS. h9ma~j ) o9 peirasmo&j. Possibly pare/lqh| is to be translated "overcome you[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER IX
120. 1 The same simile is found in Gregory of Nyssa, but it is not peculiar to him, for it is also in Rufinus and Amphilo[...]
121. 1 monogenh&j, the alternative title of the Apocriticus, In this same answer Christ has already been referred to as o[...]
122. 2 Or, Ogygian.
123. 3 Job xli. 1 : "Canst them draw out leviathan with a hook ? "



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER X
124. 1 It is curious that Macarius offers examples from the prophets and Psalms, but not from the law.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER IV
125. 1 The Synoptic criticism is interesting, but he should of course have said "two demoniacs."
126. 2 Such passages are quoted freely, and not much stress can be made on the omission of the word " Legion."
127. 1 There is no negative in the MS. A mh_ seems to be required, unless ou0 ga_r is omitted before e0xrhn, as Harnack do[...]
128. 2 It seems best to read this sentence as a question.
129. 3 Blondel suggests th~j e0nori/ion e0la&sai to_n dai/mona instead of MS, th_n e0nori/an e0la&sai tou~ dai/monoj.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XI
130. 1 It is interesting to find that Macarius falls into the same mistake as his opponent, without seeming to discover it.
131. 1 Macarius here uses the fourth-century word to express "person," viz. u9po&stasij, keeping ou0si/a for "nature." Th[...]
132. 2 Viz "human nature," as he explains further on.
133. 3 This explanation has been translated in full, not for its intrinsic value, but as indicating an interesting line of[...]
134. 4 MS. xoneuo&menoi. Blondel reads xwneuo&menoi.
135. 1 However far-fetched such a suggestion may sound, recent researches into the spirit world make it impossible to dogm[...]
136. 2 sedeton. MS. sedeqron, evidently formed from the Latin "sedeo."
137. 1 to_ xai~ron. This can scarcely be right. Probably the right reading is to_n xoi~ron, i.e. "we seek the swine."



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER V
138. 1 He omits the word for "eye."



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XII
139. 1 Macarius follows his opponent in omitting the word "eye." But he does not follow him in using S. Mark's and S. Mat[...]
140. 2 There is a gap in the MS., and a later hand suggests the insertion of "abundant wealth" ( plou~toj o9 po&luj ), whi[...]
141. 1 These were called in by the parties in a suit to support their case, and gave their services without fee.
142. 2 The word is a technical one, connected with legal procedure.
143. 3 The word e9sti/a signifies hearth or altar, but the allusion seems to be to the public table ( koinh_ e9sti/a ) at [...]
144. 4 The word used in Hebrews xii. 23.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER VI
145. 1 The MS. reads deka&th|, but this is plainly a confusion with the following sentence.
146. 2 skhnh_n sesofisme/nhn.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XIII
147. 1 This would mean 10 p.m. instead of after 3 a.m. This is a somewhat unfortunate concession to the objector.
148. 1 He here follows the Septuagint.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER VII
149. 1 The quotation is abbreviated, and "always" is omitted. Macarius gives it correctly in his answer.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XIV
150. 2 a3pacaplw~j to_n a1nqrwpon qeo_n e0rgasa&menoj.
151. 1 He compares them to Christomachi, for whom see Introd. p. xviii.
152. 2 Monogenh&j, the alternative title of the Apocriticus, occurs four times in a few sentences.
153. 1 Macarius speaks of His death as o9 mustiko_j qa&natoj th~j oi0konomi\aj.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XV
154. 2 The following paragraph introduces the next seven questions which are given in sequence.
155. 1 See note on p. 125



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXIII
156. 1 The following paragraph introduces the answers to a sequence of seven questions. It should be noticed that the int[...]
157. 1 lo&gw| th~j a0rxaio&thtoj. This can mean "in the language of simplicity," for it is difficult to see the reference [...]
158. 2 The MS omits the words for "corn and."
159. 1 klh~sin, which one would like to translate "invocation." but the phrase in the previous paragraph, "which is named[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XVI
160. 1 He inserts the word fa&rmakon into the text, which Macarius accepts without comment. The whole quotation is a loos[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXIV
161. 1 Macarius, as belonging to the East himself, only gives details of Polycarp in the list of fathers he mentions, as [...]
162. 1 There is little doubt that this is the right reading, for it accords with what is related in the Vita Polycarpi. T[...]
163. 2 i. e. Baptism.
164. 3 The use of the singular suggests that the subject is "God" rather than "the faithful."



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XVII
165. 1 This is another case of a text apparently quoted from memory, which Macarius in his answer accepts as it stands, t[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XVIII
166. 1 The addition to the text of "from the temple" is by way of explanation.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XIX
167. 1 A series of four attacks on S. Peter begins here.
168. 2 Reading Ti/ ga&r in place of the MS. ei0 ga&r. It may be noted that the next sentence begins with ei0 ga&r, and t[...]
169. 3 As a matter of fact, the blessing upon Peter comes a few verses before the rebuke.
170. 4 Qume&lh is properly the platform where the leader of the chorus stood, but here it is evidently a spectator's seat.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XX
171. 1 Contrary to his custom elsewhere, Macarius does not deal separately with this objection, but answers it along with[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXVII
172. 1 Macarius echoes the word which his opponent had used at the beginning of his objection.
173. 2 In thus laying stress on the difference between pe/troj and pe/tra, Macarius supports the view that Peter is not h[...]
174. 1 Such is the sane and reasonable explanation which Macarius gives of this highly controversial question.
175. 2 See note on the earlier part of the chapter. The interpretation of the whole paragraph by Macarius is a valuable c[...]
176. 1 Thus briefly does he answer another objection of his opponent, as contained in chapter xx.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXI
177. 2 It is at this point that the attack on S. Peter begins. Harnack (op. cit. p. 103 et seq.) considers that the oppon[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXVIII
178. 1 Thus briefly and in parenthesis does he answer what his opponent had said about the injunction of "seventy times s[...]
179. 2 The quotation, as often, seems to be from memory, as the reading is ti/ o3ti e1docen u9mi~n instead of sunefwnh&qh.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXII
180. 1 The opponent here shows considerable knowledge both of Christian methods of exegesis, and of the language of the E[...]
181. 2 This is mentioned again in Bk. IV. ch. iv when he says, "Peter, though he received authority to feed the iambs, wa[...]
182. 3 This seems to have been a Christian tradition, as he states it unhesitatingly. Macarius tacitly refutes it by sayi[...]
183. 4 It will be noticed that he puts a new and impossible sense in the words, necessitating the change of au0th~j (i. e[...]
184. 1 This was a favourite subject of attack, and it will be remembered that the theory of a permanent cleavage between [...]
185. 2 It is strangely unfair thus to imply that one passage follows after the other. The objector scarcely ever resorts [...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXIX
186. 1 In his anxiety to whitewash S. Peter from all charges, Macarius here may be said to overstate his case, for he fai[...]
187. 2 He misses the chance of scoring a point, for he might have pointed out the unfairness of the objection.
188. 3 The text adds the curious suggestion that they were consequently called sto&loi (expeditions) : ouj e0caposte/llon[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXX
189. 1 Before the next sentence the MS. has 3Ellhn in the margin, as a new heading, in order to mark the place where the [...]
190. 2 Phil. iii. 2, i.e. a mere meaningless cutting.
191. 3 Gk. parapa&llion.
192. 4 The MS. gives kaqhkeu&wn, which must be corrupt. The word, oddly enough, has just occurred in the previous answer [...]
193. 5 The speaker takes this in the moral sense, as meaning " lawless," as is clear from what follows.
194. 1 The MS. u9popu&roj may be altered to u9poph&ron.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXXVII
195. 2 After all, he only deals with seven objections instead of eight at the previous bout, but only four of them were ag[...]
196. 3 The words tw~| po&nw| purou&menoj are taken as part of the quotation in Blondel's edition, but there is no need to [...]
197. 1 It will be noticed that Macarius makes no attempt to argue from the special case of Timothy.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXXI
198. 2 He omits the words, "In this city."
199. 3 Surely this is a slip for "a Jew."
200. 1 Or, more literally, " a foster-brother of that which is false."
201. 2 lit. " Festering beneath the surface."



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXXVIII
202. 3 Such is the strangely inadequate three-fold answer given to the objection. The play upon the word 9Pw&mh is quite [...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXXII
203. 1 The quotations are abbreviated, pa&ntwj is omitted after di0 h9ma~j, and the middle clause of v. 7 is wanting. Maca[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXXIX
204. 1 The clause, "Who planteth a vine and doth not eat of the fruit thereof?" was omitted by his opponent from I Cor. i[...]
205. 2 No answer is here given to the difficulty about God not taking care of oxen, but there is a brief word of explanat[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXXIII
206. 3 This is quite different from the text of Galatians, "to every man that is circumcised." Perhaps the "one thing" co[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XL
207. 1 This spontaneous introduction of a Persian measure of distance is a proof that the writer was near that part of th[...]
208. 2 He chooses the example given by Christ Himself in John vii. 22-23, but can scarcely have that passage in mind, for[...]
209. 1 Macarius had ignored this part of the previous objection, and here his reference to the quotation can scarcely be [...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXXIV
210. 2 This is evidently a slip, as it is unlikely that he placed the Corinthian before the Roman Epistle.
211. 3 This correct translation must be given, rather than "sting," as Macarius develops the idea of a goad in his answer.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XLI
212. 1 The above summary is in a very abbreviated form, but it will be seen that, unlike some of his defence of S. Paul, [...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXXV
213. 1 The verse is quoted in an abbreviated form.



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XLII
214. 2 The full translation of this answer is given, as its language is curious and interesting.
215. 3 The answer at once makes obvious what the objection failed to state explicitly—namely, that S. Paul's inconsistenc[...]
216. 1 This is an attempt to render kai/per 9Ellh&nwn w9j e0pi\ to_ plei~ston tw~n makelleuo&ntwn to&te gnwrizome/nwn.
217. 2 i1ulci of the MS. must be for i1ugci.
218. 3 sfazome/nwn is the addition of a later hand in the margin, and scarcely seems to supply the sense required.
219. 1 This was a book by Porphyry, called peri/ th~j e0k logi/wn filosofi/aj. It is lost, but is mentioned by Fabricius[...]
220. 2 For this see Euseb., Praepar. Evang. iv. 8, 9.
221. 3 eu0age/steron—perhaps "purer."



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XXXVI
222. 1 The word applies to men as well as women, and it is the masculine plural which is here used, but the translation "[...]



  • BOOK III
    • CHAPTER XLIII
223. 1 Macarius reflects the attitude of his age in regarding virginity as a cause of "merit."
224. 2 I Tim. iv. 2. This is the passage quoted in the objection, but v. 2 was then omitted, and only vv. 1 and 3 given. [...]
225. 3 Our apologist is on the wrong track, but it leads to many things of interest to us.
226. 4 This sentence represents the previous paragraph, but best fits into the argument here.
227. 1 This seems to refer to the fiery furnace of Nebuchadnezzar.
228. 2 He is referring to the further words of I Tim. iv. 3, "abstaining from meats," as well as "forbidding to marry."
229. 3 The followers of Manes are first found in Asia Minor, as here stated ; their system being founded on the theory of[...]
230. 4 The Encratites (as the name implies) were the Gnostics whose contempt for matter showed itself in their strict asc[...]
231. 5 Dositheus cannot be the head of the Samaritan sect mentioned by Hegesippus (ap. Euseb., H.E. iv. 22) and represent[...]
232. 6 e0gkra&teia, the word from which Encratite is derived.
233. 1 terpome/noij is the reading suggested by Blondel for MS. prome/noij or poqome/noij.
234. 2 If su_n eu0marei/a| tou~ krei/ttonoj is to be so rendered.



  • BOOK IV
235. 1 Theosthenes seems to have been the friend to whom he dedicated the Apocriticus, as well as his supporter during th[...]
236. 2 Possibly this is a reminiscence of the Homeric use of the words, as in the passage qa&rsei to&nde g' a1eqlon (Od. 8[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER I
237. 1 He leaves out the word "this," in which Macarius follows him.
238. 2 He is quoting the verses which precede the words about the world passing away, but lie omits the word "wives" afte[...]
239. 3 dhmiourgo&j, a familiar name as the world-maker of the Gnostic systems.
240. 1 It is impossible to reproduce his metaphor. Both words suggest that musical instruments are played so loudly as to[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XI
241. 1 Details of the measurements of the city are given, which suggest that the writer was familiar with that part of th[...]
242. 2 The obvious reference seems to be to Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra, and her defeat by Aurelius. This would be a matter[...]
243. 3 This is a very natural touch, and it is more easy to connect it with an actual disputation than merely with the wr[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER II
244. 1 He places too late the words "unto the coming of the Lord' and omits "and remain" after the second occurrence of "[...]
245. 2 He does not intend to substitute an impersonal power for the Creator; indeed, further on he attributes creation to[...]
246. 1 See Introd., p. xvii.



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XII
247. 1 The story is taken from the Apocryphal part of Daniel, viz. xiv. 34-36 (Bel and the Dragon). The LXX gives the nam[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER III
248. 1 The abbreviated form of the quotation is tacitly accepted by Macarius in his answer.
249. 2 It is very remarkable that, wherever it is possible, the attack is made on Christ's followers, and not on Himself.[...]
250. 3 The previous objection has stated that only 300 years have passed, so that this cannot have been written later tha[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XIII
251. 1 The way he locates these races gives some clue to the place of writing. See Introd., p. xxi.
252. 2 These are also referred to in iii. 15 (see p. 79). Their name implies that they were "long-lived."
253. 3 This is probably a reference to 2 Peter iii. 8, but not necessarily so, as it may refer only to Ps. xc. 4. It is c[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER IV
254. 1 He thus echoes the Christian tradition that S. Paul was beheaded at Rome, but he shows the same desire to put his [...]
255. 2 In iii. 22 he uses similar language about S. Peter's crucifixion, which he strangely places within a few months of[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XIV
256. 1 He adds that they also beat thereby the seed of the dragon, for by being beheaded Paul lured the serpent to greedi[...]
257. 2 Apollonius of Tyana is here intended. He was mentioned by name, and this same incident referred to, in iii. 8. See[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER V
258. 1 See note on iii. I. p. 52.



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XV
259. 2 Harnack has used this as an argument for the late date of the Apocriticus. But as early as A. D. 290 the Manichaea[...]
260. 3 The Syrian Gnostic, who was born at Edessa in A. D. 155.
261. 4 Droserius appears in the dialogue called Adamantius (Pseudo-Origen). In Bk. IV. Droserius is made to suggest the V[...]
262. 5 Dositheus appears again in a similar list in iii. 43, p. 115, l. 16, where interesting details are given. He is no[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER VI
263. 1 Macarius in chapter xvi. combines this question with the next in his answer.
264. 1 This is an attempt to translate ou0rano_n . . . w9j to_n krith_n a0nasxo&menon kat' au0tou~ tina terateu&esqai ou3[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER VII
265. 2 He seems to think he is again quoting from the Apocalypse of Peter, though the word used is neuter. He gives no hi[...]
266. 3 This is a misquotation for "receive."
267. 4 The quotation is really from the law.
268. 5 He strangely omits the very word most needed, i. e. "heaven."
269. 1 As he has made no previous reference to Isaiah, it would seem that the words are attributed to God.



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XVI
270. 2 With this cursory mention Macarius passes on from the words of that Apocryphal book, as quoted in the first object[...]
271. 3 e9auto_n a0poqeoi~ koinwnw~n th~ qeo&thti.
272. 1 logikh_ ou0si/a.
273. 2 This excellent passage well carries on the simile suggested by Isaiah.
274. 3 This is in accordance with the Platonic theory of ideas, lo&goj is perhaps best rendered "rationale," but the orig[...]
275. 4 This is a strangely forced interpretation of the passage in Matt. xxiv. 35.
276. 5 In this statement he passes in his philosophising from Platonism to Origenism.



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER IX
277. 1 All the answer which Macarius gives to this objection is contained in the last paragraph of chapter xvii., which i[...]
278. 2 Eng. Vers. " The secret things belong unto the Lord our God: but those things which are revealed belong unto us."



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XVII
279. 1 Aratus was a Cilician astronomer. See Introd., p. xxi,
280. 2 A reference to the Pythagoreans.
281. 1 In this last brief paragraph Macarius answers a further objection, thus curtailing his own chapters for the second[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XVIII
282. 1 Thus does Macarius run away from the point, and content himself with an allegorical interpretation.



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XIX
283. 1 The following paragraph introduces the next six questions.



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XXV
284. 1 The following paragraph is an introduction to the next six answers.
285. 2 It is only here that Macarius plainly refers to his method of arrangement, taking a number of objections to answer[...]
286. 1 Macarius refers elsewhere to the Emperor as basileu&j. Apparently there had just been a "royal progress" in the Ea[...]
287. 1 The passage which begins here, and continues to the end of the paragraph (268 words in the Greek) is the only one [...]
288. 2 It is to be noted that he here misquotes his text, and assists his argument by reading tou~ pneu&matoj instead of e[...]
289. 1 This is the seemingly Post-Nicene phrase which has inclined so many critics to assign a late date to Macarius. But[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XX
290. 1 This objection and the next, and also the answers contained in chapters xxvi., xxvii., and xxviii. are quoted by N[...]
291. 2 The word Monarchia ( monarxi/a ) seems to require translating thus, in order to bring it into contrast with the Po[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XXVI
292. 3 e0c ei0k&noj h9mi~n . . . to_n lo&gon kratu&nein e0spou&dasaj. The mention of an "image" at the beginning of this a[...]
293. 1 The same illustration is used in ii. 9.
294. 2 qe&sei, in contrast with fu&sei, philosophic terms by which he expresses his argument. Literally, "by position" an[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XXI
295. 1 These first sentences are placed by Nicephorus under the objection of the previous chapter. It is to be noted that[...]
296. 2 An ancient reader was unable to restrain himself, and wrote in the margin of the MS., "This is not true."
297. 3 Blondel gives Qeo&j, not qeo&j, in this passage.
298. 1 There may be something wrong about to_ loipo_n kaqareu&ontaj. Nicephorus reads tw~n loipw~n.
299. 2 This statement has been taken as proof that the author wrote after the beginning of the new encouragement of Chris[...]
300. 3 tou~ kuri/on is an addition by Nicephorus. It scarcely sounds like the language of the objector, but a subject of s[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XXVII
301. 1 Blondel's edition follows Nicephorus in reading au0tw~n, and prints lo&gw| earlier in the sentence, and not Lo&gw|.[...]
302. 2 Nicephorus is answering the Iconoclastic party, who were utterly opposed to the use of Christian images. They had [...]
303. 1 qhra~n to_ a0qh&raton. This is more likely than the a0qe/aton of the text of Nicephorus, showing that the latter is [...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XXVIII
304. 1 qeofo&ron a1galma monogenw~j e0rga&setai. If monogenw~j is not to be connected with the name which the author uses[...]
305. 1 The passage beginning with the mention of Prometheus and ending here, is quoted by Nicephorus, Antirrhet., loc. cit.



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XXIII
306. 1 He means that even men sometimes have the title. He might have quoted, as our Lord did, " I said, ye are gods" (Jo[...]



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XXIX
307. 2 He here continues the thoughts of his last chapter.
308. 3 There is a play on words here ; the stars run ( qe/wsin ) but are not qeoi/ in consequence ( tou&touj mh_ qeia&sw[...]
309. 4 See chapter xxvi. init.



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XXIV
310. 1 The title of the chapter uses the phrase, so familiar in early creeds, "Resurrectio carnis." And although his oppo[...]
311. 1 u9po&stasij.



  • BOOK IV
    • CHAPTER XXX
312. 1 Reading ti/na for ti/j ( u9po&stasin e0xari/sato ;). This passage is an example of the fact that Macarius does no[...]
313. 1 miasma&twn—perhaps in the sense of "noxious mists."
314. 2 An unexpected word; perhaps it should be nauagi/aj, "shipwreck."
315. 1 See p. 125, n. 3.
316. 1 th~j a0xra&ntou periwph~j.
317. 2 dia_ to_n xarakth~ra.
318. 1 a0mi/anton. It cannot be translated asbestos, as it is repeated in the a0mi/anton o1noma of the next clause.
319. 1 There appears to be an intentional alliteration in ou0k e0n fwti\, a0ll' e0n forutw~|.



  • BOOK V
320. 1 This quotation also appears in Latin form in his Adversus Magdaburgenses, lib. iv. ch. 7.
321. 1 to_ prolabo_n kato&rqwma. Like the fragment of Book I., the language is here linked with that of the rest of Macari[...]
322. 2 Turrianus gives fa&blwn, but his Latin rendering "pravis" shows it to have been fau&lwn.
323. 1 It is uncertain what form of attack Macarius is here answering. It does not seem. likely that he is simply dealing[...]


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