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 501     Int,      IV     |               he calls the first book of the De Finibus164. He had
 502     Int,      IV     |        already sent the first edition of the Academica to Rome165.
 503     Int,      IV     |      probability the extant prooemium of the Lucullus is the one
 504     Int,      IV     |         between the known attainments of Catulus and Lucullus, and
 505     Int,      IV     |               is not uncharacteristic of Cicero that his first plan
 506     Int,      IV     |         impose upon his readers a set of statements concerning the
 507     Int,      IV     |               the ability and culture of these two noble Romans which
 508     Int,      IV     |              be false. I may note, as of some interest in connection
 509     Int,      IV     |               embarrassing attentions of Brutus167. Before leaving
 510     Int,      IV     |           unsatisfied with his choice of interlocutors for the Academica,
 511     Int,      IV     |             was to transfer the parts of Catulus and Lucullus to
 512     Int,      IV     |             cast aside on the receipt of a letter from Atticus, strongly
 513     Int,      IV     |            his works for some mention of Varro171. The nature of
 514     Int,      IV     |               of Varro171. The nature of the works on which our author
 515     Int,      IV     |          answer to the later entreaty of Atticus, Cicero declared
 516     Int,      IV     |              that Cicero knew nothing of the scope or magnitude of
 517     Int,      IV     |             of the scope or magnitude of that work. His complaint
 518     Int,      IV     |          there could have been little of anything like friendship
 519     Int,      IV     |         Cicero thought the suggestion of Atticus a "godsend174."
 520     Int,      IV     |          Catulus and Lucullus, though of noble birth, had no claim
 521     Int,      IV     |             to learning175. So little of it did they possess that
 522     Int,      IV     |               never even have dreamed of the doctrines they had been
 523     Int,      IV     |             made in the first edition of the Academica to maintain176.
 524     Int,      IV     |             Varro, who was a follower of Antiochus, and the fittest
 525     Int,      IV     |               to expound the opinions of that philosopher177. It
 526     Int,      IV     |             during the first few days of Cicero's stay at Arpinum,
 527     Int,      IV     |               into four books instead of two, making the interlocutors
 528     Int,      IV     |          minor parts179. A suggestion of Atticus that Cotta should
 529     Int,      IV     |   impracticable180.~Although the work of re-editing was vigorously
 530     Int,      IV     |           doubts about the expediency of dedicating the work to Varro.
 531     Int,      IV     |           Atticus during the progress of the work contains entreaties
 532     Int,      IV     |          Cicero said: "I am in favour of Varro, and the more so because
 533     Int,      IV     |              flits before me a vision of his face, as he grumbles,
 534     Int,      IV     |      concluded that Cicero was afraid of the effect the work might
 535     Int,      IV     |          asked for a detailed account of the reasons from which it
 536     Int,      IV     |       affirmed that Varro was jealous of some to whom Cicero had
 537     Int,      IV     |             this point: was it Brutus of whom Varro was jealous?
 538     Int,      IV     |           required that the recipient of a dedication should be assumed
 539     Int,      IV     |            should be assumed ignorant of the intentions of the donor
 540     Int,      IV     |            ignorant of the intentions of the donor till they were
 541     Int,      IV     |           till they were on the point of being actually carried out.
 542     Int,      IV     |              completed second edition of the Academica is often given
 543     Int,      IV     |        nothing in the same department of literature to approach them....
 544     Int,      IV(187)|               remark on the absurdity of the dates Schütz assigns
 545     Int,      IV(187)|            execute the second edition of the Academica in a single
 546     Int,      IV     |             portion has all the point of Antiochus combined with
 547     Int,      IV     |             The binding and adornment of the presentation copy for
 548     Int,      IV     |                who is also a follower of Antiochus. 0 Academy, on
 549     Int,      IV     |                shuddered" at the idea of taking the responsibility192.
 550     Int,      IV     |          books in the first fortnight of August, 45 B.C., when Cicero
 551     Int,      IV     |               Disputations198. A copy of the first edition had already
 552     Int,      IV     |               alterations in his copy of the Academica, at a time
 553     Int,      IV     |               at a time when the fate of the second edition was still
 554     Int,      IV     |          Cicero had given up all hope of suppressing the first edition.
 555     Int,      IV     |           Atticus for the uselessness of his copies of the first
 556     Int,      IV     |             uselessness of his copies of the first edition, it does
 557     Int,      IV     |               supposition, for Cicero of course assumes that Atticus,
 558     Int,      IV     |           whatever may be the feeling of other people, wishes to
 559     Int,      IV     |         markedly mentioned the number of the books as four201. That
 560     Int,      IV     |                is merely an imitation of the Tusculanae Quaestiones,
 561     Int,      IV     |           Academica. Augustine speaks of them only as Academici libri,
 562     Int,      IV     |            though he generally speaks of [xliv] the Academica. Plutarch
 563     Int,      IV     |       Plutarch shows only a knowledge of the first edition207.~I
 564     Int,      IV     |               plain terms the history of the genesis of the book,
 565     Int,      IV     |            the history of the genesis of the book, as gathered from
 566     Int,      IV     |           theories which old scholars of great repute put forward
 567     Int,      IV     |              editions. A fair summary of them may be seen in the
 568     Int,      IV     |            may be seen in the preface of Goerenz. I now proceed to
 569     Int,      IV     |          constitution and arrangement of the two editions.~a. The
 570     Int,      IV     |         dialogue "Catulus."~The whole of the characters in this dialogue
 571     Int,      IV     |               Optimates and adherents of the senatorial party whom
 572     Int,      IV     |            dialogue was named was son of the illustrious colleague
 573     Int,      IV     |             the illustrious colleague of Marius. With the political
 574     Int,      IV     |             With the political career of father and son we shall
 575     Int,      IV     |             respect to the philosophy of the time, and the nature
 576     Int,      IV     |              the time, and the nature of their connection with Cicero.~
 577     Int,      IV     |              is merely the mouthpiece of the father, just as Lucullus,
 578     Int,      IV     |             render literally a speech of Antiochus, which he professes
 579     Int,      IV     |               arrangement in the case of both a reason is to be found
 580     Int,      IV     |              the younger the advocate of philosophy in the Hortensius212.
 581     Int,      IV     |               and son together as men of literary culture and perfect
 582     Int,      IV     |           culture and perfect masters of Latin style, it is very
 583     Int,      IV     |               evident on a comparison of all the passages where the
 584     Int,      IV     |            was placed on the learning of the son213. But however
 585     Int,      IV     |        however slight were the claims of Catulus the younger to be
 586     Int,      IV     |             the most brilliant period of Cicero's life, Catulus was
 587     Int,      IV     |               s life, Catulus was one of the foremost Optimates of
 588     Int,      IV     |             of the foremost Optimates of Rome, and his character,
 589     Int,      IV     |              the orator214. He is one of the pillars of the state215,
 590     Int,      IV     |              He is one of the pillars of the state215, Cicero cries,
 591     Int,      IV     |             with the ancient worthies of Rome216. When he opposes
 592     Int,      IV     |             follies, on the one hand, of the mob, on the other, of
 593     Int,      IV     |             of the mob, on the other, of the senate218. In him no
 594     Int,      IV     |            senate218. In him no storm of danger, no favouring breeze
 595     Int,      IV     |           danger, no favouring breeze of fortune, could ever inspire
 596     Int,      IV     |           enthusiasm. Catulus was one of the viri consulares who
 597     Int,      IV     |             taken for the suppression of the Catilinarian conspiracy,
 598     Int,      IV     |             Cicero the greatest glory of his life, the title "Father
 599     Int,      IV     |               life, the title "Father of his country222." So closely
 600     Int,      IV     |             console him for the death of Tullia, by bidding him remember "
 601     Int,      IV     |              times223." The statement of Catulus, often referred
 602     Int,      IV     |             contrast between the zeal of Cicero and the lukewarmness
 603     Int,      IV     |           Cicero and the lukewarmness of his colleague Antonius224.
 604     Int,      IV     |          Archias, who wrote in honour of Cicero's consulship, lived
 605     Int,      IV     |        consulship, lived in the house of the two Catuli225.~[xlvii] ~
 606     Int,      IV     |            withdraw the first edition of the Academica from circulation,
 607     Int,      IV     |                and from our knowledge of Cicero's habit in such matters,
 608     Int,      IV     |       conjecturing at least a portion of the contents of the lost
 609     Int,      IV     |               portion of the contents of the lost prooemium to the
 610     Int,      IV     |             Catulus. The achievements of the elder Catulus were probably
 611     Int,      IV     |            extolled, as well as those of his son. The philosophical
 612     Int,      IV     |               philosophical knowledge of the elder man was made to
 613     Int,      IV     |            was made to the connection of Archias with the Catuli,
 614     Int,      IV     |             honour. Then the occasion of the dialogue, its supposed
 615     Int,      IV     |             place was the Cuman villa of Catulus226. The feigned
 616     Int,      IV     |        Catulus died, and 63, the year of Cicero's consulship, which
 617     Int,      IV     |               that in the arrangement of his dialogues Cicero took
 618     Int,      IV     |              been bandied about, most of [xlviii] which would fall
 619     Int,      IV     |     commending his father's knowledge of philosophy. Before we proceed
 620     Int,      IV     |       construct in outline the speech of Catulus from indications
 621     Int,      IV     |              it is necessary to speak of the character and philosophical
 622     Int,      IV     |            and philosophical opinions of Catulus the elder.~In the
 623     Int,      IV     |          passages where Cicero speaks of him, he seldom omits to
 624     Int,      IV     |           implies a certain knowledge of philosophy. He was, says
 625     Int,      IV     |               the wisest, the holiest of men228. He was a man of
 626     Int,      IV     |               of men228. He was a man of universal merit, of surpassing
 627     Int,      IV     |               man of universal merit, of surpassing worth, a second
 628     Int,      IV     |    interlocutor, a more detailed view of his accomplishments. Throughout
 629     Int,      IV     |         lettered man, par excellence, of the company230. Appeal is
 630     Int,      IV     |             with Greek, and his style of speaking it, won admiration231.
 631     Int,      IV     |               Greeks from the attacks of Crassus232. He contemptuously
 632     Int,      IV     |               The systematic rhetoric of Aristotle and Theophrastus
 633     Int,      IV     |               account is given by him of the history of Greek speculation
 634     Int,      IV     |           given by him of the history of Greek speculation in Italy236.
 635     Int,      IV     |                  The undefiled purity of his Latin style made him
 636     Int,      IV     |              to many the only speaker of the language237. He had
 637     Int,      IV     |              He had written a history of his own deeds, in the style
 638     Int,      IV     |               own deeds, in the style of Xenophon, which Cicero had
 639     Int,      IV     |             known as a wit and writer of epigrams239.~Although so
 640     Int,      IV     |              Although so much is said of his general culture, it
 641     Int,      IV     |               Oratore, when he speaks of the visit of Carneades to
 642     Int,      IV     |           when he speaks of the visit of Carneades to Rome240, he
 643     Int,      IV     |            declare himself a follower of that philosopher, nor does
 644     Int,      IV     |      especially mentioned as a friend of his, is the poet Antipater
 645     Int,      IV     |            his, is the poet Antipater of Sidon241. Still it might
 646     Int,      IV     |             he was an adherent either of the Academic or Peripatetic
 647     Int,      IV     |            spring, and the whole tone of the De Oratore shows that
 648     Int,      IV     |         himself under the instruction of Greek teachers for any length
 649     Int,      IV     |               teachers for any length of time, but had rather gained
 650     Int,      IV     |          especially from the writings of Clitomachus. If he had ever
 651     Int,      IV     |         actual communication with any of the prominent Academics,
 652     Int,      IV     |                as he does in the case of Antonius243, and Crassus244.
 653     Int,      IV     |     reputation during the later years of Catulus, and no one at all
 654     Int,      IV     |              opinions246. No follower of Carneades and Clitomachus,
 655     Int,      IV     |   indifference the latest development of Academic doctrine. The famous
 656     Int,      IV     |            doctrine. The famous books of Philo were probably not
 657     Int,      IV     |           Lucullus the chief features of the speech of Catulus the
 658     Int,      IV     |          chief features of the speech of Catulus the younger. It
 659     Int,      IV     |               introduced by a mention of Philo's books249. Some considerable
 660     Int,      IV     |             Some considerable portion of the speech must have been
 661     Int,      IV     |              wilful misrepresentation of the older Academics250.
 662     Int,      IV     |               The most important part of the speech, however, must
 663     Int,      IV     |          however, must have consisted of a defence of Carneades and
 664     Int,      IV     |           have consisted of a defence of Carneades and Arcesilas
 665     Int,      IV     |          himself more with the system of the later than with that
 666     Int,      IV     |              the later than with that of the earlier sceptic. It
 667     Int,      IV     |              which was so distinctive of Carneades. All the counter
 668     Int,      IV     |             All the counter arguments of Lucullus which concern the
 669     Int,      IV     |          concern the destructive side of Academic teaching appear
 670     Int,      IV     |       represented it in the discourse of the day before252. On the
 671     Int,      IV     |               other hand, those parts of Lucullus' speech which deal
 672     Int,      IV     |            with the constructive part of Academicism253 seem to be
 673     Int,      IV     |               to whom the maintenance of the genuine Carneadean distinction
 674     Int,      IV     |               Catulus. The exposition of the sceptical criticism
 675     Int,      IV     |         brilliant and incisive orator of the partyCicero himself.
 676     Int,      IV     |        conjectures have the advantage of establishing an intimate
 677     Int,      IV     |             the prooemium, the speech of Catulus, and the succeeding
 678     Int,      IV     |                and the succeeding one of Hortensius. In the prooemium
 679     Int,      IV     |             prooemium the innovations of Philo were mentioned; Catulus
 680     Int,      IV     |              by the Carneadean theory of the πιθανον; whereupon Hortensius
 681     Int,      IV     |          showed, after the principles of Antiochus, that [lii] such
 682     Int,      IV     |            the central point or pivot of the discussion. With this
 683     Int,      IV     |            With this arrangement none of the indications in the Lucullus
 684     Int,      IV     |            bare statement on the part of the latter of the negative
 685     Int,      IV     |             on the part of the latter of the negative Arcesilaean
 686     Int,      IV     |              seems another indication of the generally constructive
 687     Int,      IV     |      generally constructive character of his exposition. Everything
 688     Int,      IV     |             conclusion that this part of the dialogue was mainly
 689     Int,      IV     |              Cicero from the writings of Clitomachus.~Catulus was
 690     Int,      IV     |              some way spoke in favour of Antiochean opinions, but
 691     Int,      IV     |        probable that he gave a résumé of the history of philosophy,
 692     Int,      IV     |               a résumé of the history of philosophy, corresponding
 693     Int,      IV     |           corresponding to the speech of Varro in the beginning of
 694     Int,      IV     |             of Varro in the beginning of the Academica Posteriora.
 695     Int,      IV     |             One main reason in favour of this view is the difficulty
 696     Int,      IV     |           this view is the difficulty of understanding to whom, if
 697     Int,      IV     |             Hortensius, the substance of the speech could have been
 698     Int,      IV     |   disappearance in the second edition of the polemical argument of
 699     Int,      IV     |             of the polemical argument of Hortensius257, which would
 700     Int,      IV     |         appropriate only in the mouth of one [liii] who was answering
 701     Int,      IV(258)|             II. §6 with the fragments of the Hortensius; also T.D.
 702     Int,      IV     |             would be within the reach of any cultivated man of the
 703     Int,      IV     |           reach of any cultivated man of the time, and would only
 704     Int,      IV     |           stating that his exposition of Antiochus was merely superficial260.
 705     Int,      IV     |           relieved from the necessity of forcing the meaning of the
 706     Int,      IV     |      necessity of forcing the meaning of the word commoveris261,
 707     Int,      IV     |              conversion to philosophy of the orator from whom it
 708     Int,      IV     |               been as nearly innocent of any acquaintance with philosophy
 709     Int,      IV     |              materials for the speech of Hortensius were, doubtless,
 710     Int,      IV     |               works and oral teaching of Antiochus.~The speech of
 711     Int,      IV     |              of Antiochus.~The speech of Hortensius was answered
 712     Int,      IV     |            Cicero himself. If my view of the preceding speech is
 713     Int,      IV     |             his answer to Varro, part of which is preserved in the
 714     Int,      IV     |                according to Lucullus, of Empedocles, Anaxagoras,
 715     Int,      IV     |            have dealt with the theory of καταληπτικη φαντασια and
 716     Int,      IV     |             their assent to the truth of phenomena. To this a retort
 717     Int,      IV     |               That Cicero's criticism of the dogmatic schools was
 718     Int,      IV     |            the Antiochean system, all of which Lucullus is obliged
 719     Int,      IV     |            that the main purpose [lv] of Cicero in this speech was
 720     Int,      IV     |              justify from the history of philosophy the position
 721     Int,      IV     |               philosophy the position of the New Academy, and not
 722     Int,      IV     |             discourse were really out of place, and were merely introduced
 723     Int,      IV     |              a summary classification of the sensations, with the
 724     Int,      IV     |       refusing to assent to the truth of each class270. The whole
 725     Int,      IV     |          whole constitution and tenor of the elaborate speech of
 726     Int,      IV     |               of the elaborate speech of Cicero in the Lucullus proves
 727     Int,      IV     |               or minute demonstration of the impossibility of επιστημη
 728     Int,      IV     |    demonstration of the impossibility of επιστημη in the dogmatic
 729     Int,      IV     |            attempted in his statement of the day before. Cicero's
 730     Int,      IV     |        considerably damaged the cause of Antiochus271. The three
 731     Int,      IV     |      Antiochus271. The three speeches of Catulus, Hortensius, and
 732     Int,      IV     |              so that there was plenty of room for a more minute examination
 733     Int,      IV     |              Philo against the attack of Catulus? Krische believes [
 734     Int,      IV     |                lvi] that the argument of Catulus was answered point
 735     Int,      IV     |             elsewhere as the defender of Philo's reactionary doctrines273.
 736     Int,      IV     |         doctrines273. The expressions of Lucullus seem to imply that
 737     Int,      IV     |               to imply that this part of his teaching had been dismissed
 738     Int,      IV     |            when Cicero, in his letter of dedication to Varro, describes
 739     Int,      IV     |        describes his own part as that of Philo (partes mihi sumpsi
 740     Int,      IV     |    brilliantly supported by the pupil of Clitomachus in his earlier
 741     Int,      IV     |             In that intermediate form of the Academica, where Cato
 742     Int,      IV     |          Brutus appeared in the place of Hortensius and Lucullus,
 743     Int,      IV     |           comparatively inferior part of Hortensius, while Brutus
 744     Int,      IV     |                while Brutus took that of Lucullus. It may perhaps
 745     Int,      IV     |             seem strange that a Stoic of the Stoics like Cato should
 746     Int,      IV     |              length in the first half of the work. Cato is not closely
 747     Int,      IV     |          render it necessary to treat of him farther.~b. The "Lucullus."~
 748     Int,      IV     |            party left the Cuman villa of Catulus early in the morning,
 749     Int,      IV     |             morning, and came to that of Hortensius at Bauli277.
 750     Int,      IV     |              little place on the gulf of Baiae, close to Cimmerium,
 751     Int,      IV     |              polished floor and lines of statues, the waves rippled
 752     Int,      IV     |      anachronisms. Diodotus is spoken of as still living, although
 753     Int,      IV     |           many years282. The surprise of Hortensius, who is but a
 754     Int,      IV     |             philosophy, at the wisdom of Lucullus, is very dramatic283.
 755     Int,      IV     |           work are kept carefully out of sight. Still we can catch
 756     Int,      IV     |           catch here and there traces of thoughts and plans which
 757     Int,      IV     |              mark on the last section of the book, while in the last
 758     Int,      IV     |            another passage the design of the Tusculan Disputations,
 759     Int,      IV     |     immediately after the publication of the Academica and De Finibus,
 760     Int,      IV     |               be drawn from the works of Antiochus286. Nearly all
 761     Int,      IV     |              Nearly all that is known of the learning of Lucullus
 762     Int,      IV     |              is known of the learning of Lucullus is told in Cicero'
 763     Int,      IV     |              was directed to the care of his fish-ponds287. In his
 764     Int,      IV     |         Archias, and during the whole of his residence in [lix] the
 765     Int,      IV     |              was found in the company of Antiochus, Aristus, Heraclitus
 766     Int,      IV     |          Rogus and the Selii, all men of philosophic tastes288. He
 767     Int,      IV     |         Natural History as the patron of Greek artists. Yet, as we
 768     Int,      IV     |             Catulus, by the authority of another person. All his
 769     Int,      IV     |          Antiochus engage. The speech of Lucullus was, as I have
 770     Int,      IV     |                mainly a reply to that of Cicero in the Catulus. Any
 771     Int,      IV     |                Any closer examination of its contents must be postponed
 772     Int,      IV     |            text. The same may be said of Cicero's answer.~In the
 773     Int,      IV     |              In the intermediate form of the Academica, the speech
 774     Int,      IV     |             the Academica, the speech of Lucullus was no doubt transferred
 775     Int,      IV     |            had to deal. He was nephew of Cato, whose half-sister
 776     Int,      IV     |         half-sister Servilia was wife of Lucullus289. Cato was tutor
 777     Int,      IV     |                with Cicero for a sort of adviser: while Hortensius
 778     Int,      IV     |               married a divorced wife of Cato. All of them were of
 779     Int,      IV     |            divorced wife of Cato. All of them were of the Senatorial
 780     Int,      IV     |             of Cato. All of them were of the Senatorial party, and
 781     Int,      IV     |              Cicero were both friends of Antiochus and Aristus, whose
 782     Int,      IV     |         scenery and other accessories of the piece. Cicero had a
 783     Int,      IV     |              close to the Cuman villa of Catulus and almost within
 784     Int,      IV     |               and almost within sight of Hortensius' villa at Bauli291.
 785     Int,      IV     |            regard to the feigned date of the discourse, we may observe
 786     Int,      IV     |               that at the very outset of the work it is shown to
 787     Int,      IV     |          distant from the actual time of composition293. Many allusions
 788     Int,      IV     |           such as the utter overthrow of the Pompeian party, the
 789     Int,      IV     |             Pompeian party, the death of Tullia294, and the publication
 790     Int,      IV     |                   and the publication of the Hortensius295. Between
 791     Int,      IV     |       Hortensius295. Between the date of Tullia's death and the writing
 792     Int,      IV     |               s death and the writing of the Academica, it can be
 793     Int,      IV     |              his wonder in the letter of dedication296.~For the main
 794     Int,      IV     |     dedication296.~For the main facts of Varro's life the student
 795     Int,      IV     |               to the ordinary sources of information. A short account
 796     Int,      IV     |          information. A short account of the points of contact between
 797     Int,      IV     |           short account of the points of contact between his life
 798     Int,      IV     |             between his life and that of Cicero, with a few words
 799     Int,      IV     |             The first mention we have of Varro in any of Cicero's
 800     Int,      IV     |               we have of Varro in any of Cicero's writings is in
 801     Int,      IV     |       character and the impossibility of anything like friendship
 802     Int,      IV     |               to write Varro a letter of thanks for supposed exertions
 803     Int,      IV     |              polymath. After the fall of the Pompeian cause, Cicero
 804     Int,      IV     |       Trebatius. They all show a fear of giving offence to the harsh
 805     Int,      IV     |           offence to the harsh temper of Varro, and a humility in
 806     Int,      IV     |            and a humility in presence of his vast learning which
 807     Int,      IV     |             respect to the dedication of the second edition, as detailed
 808     Int,      IV     |               The philosophical views of Varro can be gathered with
 809     Int,      IV     |           considerably from, the work of Varro De Philosophia302.
 810     Int,      IV     |               doubt he was a follower of Antiochus and the so-called
 811     Int,      IV     |        elaborate and pedantic process of exhaustion, may be read
 812     Int,      IV     |            reason for accusing Cicero of having mistaken Varro's
 813     Int,      IV     |               The exact specification of the changes in the arrangement
 814     Int,      IV     |            changes in the arrangement of the subject-matter, necessitated
 815     Int,      IV     |              we come to the fragments of the second edition preserved
 816     Int,      IV     |           following were the contents of the four books. Book I.:
 817     Int,      IV     |    historico-philosophical exposition of Antiochus' views, formerly
 818     Int,      IV     |              historical justification of the Philonian position, [
 819     Int,      IV     |               an exposition by Cicero of Carneades' positive teaching,
 820     Int,      IV     |              probably, that foretaste of the negative arguments against
 821     Int,      IV     |             in ed. 1. had formed part of the answer made by Cicero
 822     Int,      IV     |       Hortensius. Book III.: a speech of Varro in reply to Cicero,
 823     Int,      IV     |         closely corresponding to that of Lucullus in ed. 1. Book
 824     Int,      IV     |               arose from a wrong view of Nonius' quotations, which
 825     Int,      IV     |        nothing about the constitution of the first. One other thing
 826     Int,      IV     |       arrangement; the subject-matter of the Varro is certainly prior,
 827     Int,      IV     |             prior, logically, to that of the Lucullus. ~
 828     Not,       1     |               the promised dedication of the De Lingua Latina is
 829     Not,       1     |            and points to the failures of the Roman Epicureans (4 830     Not,       1     |            and instancing the success of Brutus, again begs Varro
 831     Not,       1     |             to a proposal on the part of Cic. to discuss thoroughly
 832     Not,       1     |            and promises an exposition of the principles of Antiochus (
 833     Not,       1     |          exposition of the principles of Antiochus (13, 14).~§1.
 834     Not,       1     |              was much more the friend of Atticus than of Cic., see
 835     Not,       1     |            the friend of Atticus than of Cic., see Introd. p. 37.
 836     Not,       1     |             uses the contracted forms of such subjunctives, as well
 837     Not,       1     |                uses the dramatic form of the dialogue in order to
 838     Not,       1     |            eum (Baiter and Halm's ed. of 1861, p. 854). The text
 839     Not,       1     |              is sound; the repetition of pronouns (illum, eum) is
 840     Not,       1     |              note that the separation of satis from longo by the
 841     Not,       1     |       miserably) by taking intervallo of distance in space, instead
 842     Not,       1     |            distance in space, instead of duration in time, while
 843     Not,       1     |               primo: for the omission of locuti, cf. the very similar
 844     Not,       1     |              makes a speaker use iste of a person who is present.
 845     Not,       1     |                MSS. have in the place of this quod with variants
 846     Not,       1     |              s G). Such a combination of pronouns is vainly defended
 847     Not,       1     |              1, 11) are not in point. Of course if quia be read above,
 848     Not,       1     |             Libone: the father-in-law of Sext. Pompeius; see Cæsar
 849     Not,       1     |        Quintilian to mean "department of literature." Ea res: one
 850     Not,       1     |              literature." Ea res: one of Halm's MSS. followed by
 851     Not,       1     |             possessed by the personae of the dialogue; cf. Introd.
 852     Not,       1     |        Ciceronian than the repetition of words and clauses in slightly
 853     Not,       1     |              enim. My reading is that of Dav. followed by Baiter.
 854     Not,       1     |    indiscriminately in the acc. plur. of i stems. I shall write i
 855     Not,       1     |             must in the vast majority of instances have written i,
 856     Not,       1     |             to be right, but a number of later scholars alter it,
 857     Not,       1     |             syllogism put as a series of questions. Cf. Paradoxa
 858     Not,       1     |      disserendi: Cic.'s constant mode of denoting the Greekρητορικη
 859     Not,       1     |            the genitive is merely one of definition, the causae are
 860     Not,       1     |             em. for quoniam quibusnam of the MSS., given by Halm
 861     Not,       1     |            108) made a forced defence of quoniam, as marking a rapid
 862     Not,       1     |            Latin. Adducere?: The note of interrogation is Halm's;
 863     Not,       1     |               explains the difficulty of setting forth the true system
 864     Not,       1     |         setting forth the true system of physics. If quoniam is read
 865     Not,       1     |              will be a strange change of subject in passing from
 866     Not,       1     |             almost impossible ellipse of ars, scientia, or something
 867     Not,       1     |                scientia, or something of the kind after haec ipsa.
 868     Not,       1     |              every ground the reading of Madv. is insupportable.
 869     Not,       1     |               the Epicurean ignorance of geometry see note on II.
 870     Not,       1     |                where the same opinion of Epicurus is dealt with,
 871     Not,       1     |               D.F. II. 20), and verbs of the kind (cogitari II. 82),
 872     Not,       1     |           Durand remarked, at the end of sentences eg Verr. II. 1,
 873     Not,       1     |              Baiter inserts, in spite of the numerous passages produced
 874     Not,       1     |            nos, and other accusatives of pronouns are omitted before
 875     Not,       1     |          negat. Cf. also the omission of sibi in Paradoxa 40. Si
 876     Not,       1     |        connected with other instances of broken sequence. There is
 877     Not,       1     |        explicanda: for the separation of these words by other words
 878     Not,       1     |               which is characteristic of Cic., see 11, 17. I am surprised
 879     Not,       1     |              Constantiam: the notions of firmness, consistency, and
 880     Not,       1     |            consistency, and clearness of mind are bound up in this
 881     Not,       1     |              tautological; he is fond of placing slight variations
 882     Not,       1     |             some remarkable instances of slightly varied phrases
 883     Not,       1     |            opere, the same holds good of tanto opere, quanto opere.
 884     Not,       1     |               Praeconinus, the master of Varro, and the earliest
 885     Not,       1     |        earliest systematic grammarian of Rome. See Quintil. Inst.
 886     Not,       1     |                Considerable fragments of Varro's Menippean Satires
 887     Not,       1     |              the right use to be made of Greek models. †Quae quo:
 888     Not,       1     |             philosophy into that kind of literature which the unlearned
 889     Not,       1     |         almost condemns it by his use of the Greek φιλοσοφως (Ad
 890     Not,       1     |               requires the alteration of a single letter from the
 891     Not,       1     |               to in 8), in which most of the subjects here mentioned
 892     Not,       1     |           here mentioned were treated of. Descriptiones temporum:
 893     Not,       1     |         Descriptiones temporum: lists of dates, so χρονοι is technically
 894     Not,       1     |            munera to keep the balance of the clauses. Cic. however
 895     Not,       1     |              however is quite as fond of variety as of formal accuracy.
 896     Not,       1     |           quite as fond of variety as of formal accuracy. Domesticam—
 897     Not,       1     |               Sedem: so the best MSS. of Aug., some edd. here give
 898     Not,       1     |              sedem is the awkwardness of making the three genitives,
 899     Not,       1     |         officia, causas. Cic. is fond of using sedes, locus, regio
 900     Not,       1     |               the frequent references of Aug. it appears that the "
 901     Not,       1     |               two parts, one treating of res humanae, the other of
 902     Not,       1     |             of res humanae, the other of res divinae (De Civ. Dei,
 903     Not,       1     |              MS. G, which is the work of a clever emendator, gives
 904     Not,       1     |            formally accurate sequence of tenses, which Halm himself
 905     Not,       1     |                for the proper meaning of procurator and procuratio
 906     Not,       1     |                1. Obsolescerent, used of individual memory, is noteworthy.
 907     Not,       1     |              mysterious, is the death of Tullia, cf. N.D. I. 9, De
 908     Not,       1     |           recur, cf. esp the exordium of N.D. I.~§12. Brutus: the
 909     Not,       1     |              Baiter) adopts the conj. of Aldus the younger, Graeca
 910     Not,       1     |          Graeca desideres. A reviewer of Halm, in Schneidewin's Philologus
 911     Not,       1     |         Cicero is the supreme arbiter of performance in philosophy,
 912     Not,       1     |                5. I just note the em. of Turnebus, a Graecia desideres,
 913     Not,       1     |           Graecia desideres, and that of Dav. Graecia desideretur.
 914     Not,       1     |               for illam. The position of iam would be strange, in
 915     Not,       1     |      comprises the last two syllables of Academiam, which he reads.
 916     Not,       1     |            love for small diversities of expression, cf. De Leg.
 917     Not,       1     |            MSS. than the substitution of the imp. subj. for the pres.
 918     Not,       1     |              subj. for the pres. ind. of verbs of the first conjug.
 919     Not,       1     |               the pres. ind. of verbs of the first conjug. and vice
 920     Not,       1     |      Academias: for the various modes of dividing the Academy refer
 921     Not,       1     |         letter, cf. a similar ellipse of bona in 19, 22. Madvig's
 922     Not,       1     |        revocari is a curious instance of oversight. It crept into
 923     Not,       1     |                It crept into the text of Goer. by mistake, for in
 924     Not,       1     |           renovari. Orelliwho speaks of Goerenz's "praestantissima
 925     Not,       1     |             quotes renovari as an em. of the ed. Victoriana of 1536.
 926     Not,       1     |             em. of the ed. Victoriana of 1536. From Orelli, Klotz,
 927     Not,       1     |         Inquit: for the late position of this word, which is often
 928     Not,       1     |             be given without the name of its author. Secondly, most
 929     Not,       1     |               Augustine, the imitator of Cic., Contra Academicos,
 930     Not,       1     |            also consedimus at the end of a clause in Brut. 24, and
 931     Not,       1     |               Mihi vero: the omission of inquit, which is strange
 932     Not,       1     |               There is an odd ellipse of laudasti in D.F. V. 81.~§§
 933     Not,       1     |                1542. Antiochus' view of the history of Philosophy.
 934     Not,       1     |        Antiochus' view of the history of Philosophy. First part of
 935     Not,       1     |             of Philosophy. First part of Varro's Exposition, 1518.
 936     Not,       1     |           consists in a consciousness of ignorance. Moral exhortation
 937     Not,       1     |             and enriched the teaching of his master, from him sprang
 938     Not,       1     |       abandoned the negative position of Socrates and adopted definite
 939     Not,       1     |            phenomena are often spoken of in these words by Cic.,
 940     Not,       1     |             the insertion or omission of ab after the passive verb
 941     Not,       1     |                Cic. shows his feeling of the metaphor by adding quasi
 942     Not,       1     |            this, the Xenophontic view of Socrates, was the popular
 943     Not,       1     |   Schleiermacher's Essay on the Worth of Socrates as a Philosopher (
 944     Not,       1     |               I dissent from his view of Aristotle's evidence], also
 945     Not,       1     |            illum: for this repetition of pronouns see M.D.F. IV.
 946     Not,       1     |                 and though with pairs of nouns and adjectives, et
 947     Not,       1     |             cf. also the learned note of Wesenberg, reprinted in
 948     Not,       1     |            Baiter and Halm's edition, of Cic.'s philosophical works (
 949     Not,       1     |             II. 240. Cf. the omission of que in 23, also II. 63.
 950     Not,       1     |           like Aristotle often speaks of Plato's dialogues as though
 951     Not,       1     |           they were authentic reports of Socratic conversations,
 952     Not,       1     |              the proper understanding of which see note on II. 74.
 953     Not,       1     |            passages where Cic. speaks of this very oracle (Cato Mai.
 954     Not,       1     |               tum ... tum. His proofs of this new Latin may be sampled
 955     Not,       1     |              branching off from Plato of the later schools. For multiplex "
 956     Not,       1     |       consentiens: this is an opinion of Antiochus often adopted
 957     Not,       1     |              the ethical resemblances of the two schools. In D.F.
 958     Not,       1     |          though ethics were the whole of philosophy (cf. also De
 959     Not,       1     |         Antiochus probably made light of such dialectical controversies
 960     Not,       1     |               Tac. does, for the name of a person (Annals XII. 66,
 961     Not,       1     |                 duos autem: the conj. of Ciaconus "ex asse heredem,
 962     Not,       1     |           duoviros, two near the time of Cic. (C.I. vol. I. nos.
 963     Not,       1     |              dialectical in the hands of the old Academics and Peripatetics.
 964     Not,       1     |      Peripatetics. Ars = τεχνη, a set of definite rules, so Varro
 965     Not,       1     |             in Aug. (as above) speaks of the certa dogmata of this
 966     Not,       1     |           speaks of the certa dogmata of this old school as opposed
 967     Not,       1     |            opposed to the incertitude of the New Academy. Descriptio:
 968     Not,       1     |                but the ultimate bases of the two are quite different.
 969     Not,       1     |      different. In rejecting the Idea of the Good, Aristotle did
 970     Not,       1     |       practically defunct in the time of Antiochus, so that the similarity
 971     Not,       1     |             in his German translation of the Academica, also quotes
 972     Not,       1     |             Nostra atque nostros: few of the editors have understood
 973     Not,       1     |          speaks as though he were one of them; in Cic.'s letters
 974     Not,       1     |             copyist. For the omission of me, cf. note on 7.~§§19—
 975     Not,       1     |               on 7.~§§1923. Part II. of Varro's Exposition: Antiochus'
 976     Not,       1     |                The threefold division of philosophy into ηθικη, φυσικη,
 977     Not,       1     |             happiness the acquisition of natural advantages. These
 978     Not,       1     |         natural advantages. These are of three kinds, mental, bodily,
 979     Not,       1     |                virtue being the chief of the acquired (20), then
 980     Not,       1     |              bodily advantages a kind of exercise-ground for virtue (
 981     Not,       1     |              and is capable in itself of producing happiness, though
 982     Not,       1     |               requires the possession of all three classes of advantages (
 983     Not,       1     |       possession of all three classes of advantages (22). With this
 984     Not,       1     |           give an intelligent account of action and duty (23).~§19.
 985     Not,       1     |               obviate the awkwardness of repugnet which MSS. have
 986     Not,       1     |               the double translations of the Greek terms, de vita
 987     Not,       1     |           This is very characteristic of Cic., as we shall see later.
 988     Not,       1     |              in Aug. XIX. 3. The root of Plato's system is the ιδεα
 989     Not,       1     |            Plato's system is the ιδεα of the Good, while so far is
 990     Not,       1     |               The abstract conception of nature in relation to ethics
 991     Not,       1     |             hands and then into those of Antiochus. Adeptum esse
 992     Not,       1     |     development from the βιος τελειος of Aristotle. The τριας in
 993     Not,       1     |            Corporis alia: for ellipse of bona, see n. on 13. Ponebant
 994     Not,       1     |               often appears in inscr. of the Republic. On the other
 995     Not,       1     |                1, p. 145. In the case of pulcher the false derivation
 996     Not,       1     |              the ‛υγιεια ισχυς καλλος of Stob. Eth. II. 6, 7, and
 997     Not,       1     |               be the distinct marking of each sound; for the latter
 998     Not,       1     |           fiunt. A similar inaccuracy of expression is found in II.
 999     Not,       1     |               cf. the ευμαθεια, μνημη of Arist. (who adds αγχινοια
1000     Not,       1     |            and the docilitas, memoria of D.F. V. 36. Quasi consuetudinem:


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